2021年中考英语二轮语法专题复习 第30讲介词 课件65张

第30讲 介词
第二部分 语法
介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一，特别是一些常用介词，它们的搭配力特别强，可用来表示多种不同的意思。在这一讲中，主要与大家一起复习最常用的介词的含义及它们用法上的区别。
一、与时间连用的介词
与时间连用的介词有 at, on, in, for, since, after, before, during, until 等。
1. at“在”，用来表示在具体的时刻或年龄。如： at 8:00, at 12:30, at noon, at night, at the age of 15等。
2. on“在”，用来表示在具体的某一天或特定某一天的上午、下午或晚上。如： on Sunday, on June 1st, on a cold winter day, on my birthday, on Saturday morning, on the evening of September 10th 等。
3. in“在”，用来表示在比一天长的时间(如：在某月、某季节、某年、某学期、某世纪等)或泛指在上午、下午或晚上。如： in October, in spring, in 2018, in the 21st century, in a few days, in the morning/afternoon/evening 等。
4. during“在……期间”，用来表示在某一段特定的时间之内。如： during the summer holidays, during those 20 days, during the crossing 等。
5. for“持续”，since“自……以来”，常用于现在完成时中。 for 后接一个时间段，since 后接一个时间点(或指时间的分界线)或表示时间点的时间状语从句。
二、表示地点、方位的介词
表示地点、方位的介词有 at, in, by, on, to, towards, across, through, over, in front of, behind, under, near, inside, outside, beside, between, among, above, below 等。
1. across 与 through 的区别。
(1)across 意为“横过，穿过”，指从物体表面的“一边到另一边”。例如：
Go across the bridge and you will see the hotel. 过了桥你就可以见到那家宾馆。(指从桥面过去)
(2)through 意为“穿过，透过”，指从某一物体或空间内通过。例如：
The moon shone in through the window. 月光从窗户照进来。
要特别注意 across 与 cross 的区别： across 是介词，而 cross 是动词。
2. between 与 among 的区别。
between 指“在……(两者)之间”，among 指“在……(三者或三者以上)之间”。
三、表示方式的介词
表示方式的介词有 with, in, by, on 等。
1. in 的用法。
(1)表示“使用某种语言”。例如：
We talk in English. 我们用英语交谈。
(2)表示“用某种方式、方法”。例如：
in this way 用这种方法
in different ways 用不同的方式
(3)“in+服装/颜色”表示“穿着什么颜色的衣服”。例如：
The girl in a red skirt is Kate. 穿红色裙子的那个女孩是凯特。
2. with 常用来表示借助某一具体的工具、材料或身体部位做某事。例如：
We see with our eyes and hear with our ears. 我们用眼睛看，用耳朵听。
Tom is drawing with a pen. 汤姆正用钢笔在画画。
With the money, Edison bought things for his lab. 有了钱，爱迪生为他的实验室添置了东西。
3. by 通常表示借助某种交通、通信工具，用某种手段或方式达到某一目的。如 by bus/bike/plane(air)/ship(sea), by phone。例如：
The old man has to make money by mending bikes. 那个老人不得不靠修车挣钱。
4. on 与 foot 连用表示“步行”。例如：
He goes to school on foot. 他步行去上学。
on／in 也可与某一交通工具连用，意为“乘……”，但这些交通工具前必须有不定冠词或物主代词等。例如：
Liu Tao goes to school on a/his bike. 刘涛骑自行车去上学。
四、一些常用介词(短语)的辨析
见下表：
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}序号
介词(短语)
辨 析
例 句
1
in
指“在(说话时的一段时间)之后”，用于一般将来时
He will return home in two days.
Jim said that he would go to the park in three hours.
指“在(一段时间)以内”
This kind of building can be built in one month.
after
指“在(过去一段时间)以后”，用于一般过去时
Mother left the school after two hours.
指“在(具体时间点)之后”，用于一般将来时
I will go home after 5:00 in the afternoon.
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}序号
介词(短语)
辨 析
例 句
2
since
“自从……”，后接时间点，表示一段时间
I have taught in the school since 1996 .
for
“持续”，后接时间段，表示一段时间
I have taught in the school for seven years.
3
on
“在……(表面)上”，含有接触的意思
There is a book on the table.
over
“在……正上方” ，反义词是 under
There’s a bridge over the river.
覆盖在……上面”
“There’s a piece of cloth over the table.
above
(泛指)“在……的上方”，反义词是 below
Please put the picture above the fireplace.
续表
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}序号
介词
(短语)
辨 析
例 句
4
between
指“在……(两者)之间”
Kate sits between Lucy and Lily.
among
指“在……(三者或三者以上)之间”
He was the last one to leave among all the students.
5
with
“用(具体的事物)”
Please draw the picture with a pencil.
in
“用(语言或材料)”
Please write a letter in English.
by
“用(某种方式)”
Lin Feng made the baby stop crying by jumping like a monkey.
“乘(交通工具)”
I often go to work by bus.
on
“以(某种方式)”
Chinese people live on rice.
I often go to school on foot.
续表
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}序号
介词(短语)
辨 析
例 句
6
under
指“在……正下方”
There’s a ball under the table.
指“在……(的关怀)下”
Children have grown up under the Party’s care.
with
指“在……(帮助下)”
With his help, I finished the work after two days.
in
指“在……(阳光)下”
Don’t read in the sun, please.
续表
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}序号
介词(短语)
辨 析
例 句
7
in
“在……里面” ，表示状态
There is a book in the bag.
into
“往/到……里面” ，表示动作
I saw him putting a book into the bag.
8
on
“在……上面”，表示状态
There are some apples on the table.
onto
“往/到……上面” ，表示动作
The boy jumped onto the horse.
续表
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}序号
介词(短语)
辨 析
例 句
9
after
“在……之后”， 指时间和顺序
I came to see Uncle Wang after two days.
Summer comes after spring.
behind
“在……后面”，表示位置
Betty sits behind Linda.
10
on
表示学术性、论述性的“关于”
Have you got any books on science?
about
表示涉猎性的“关于”
The students were talking about the film.
续表
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}序号
介词
(短语)
辨 析
例 句
11
near
“在……附近”
There is a bus stop near the hospital.

at
“在……旁边”，多指有意识的活动
Mr. Read is sitting at the table.
by
“在……近旁”，比 near 表示的距离近
Let’s sit at the table by the window.
beside
“在……旁边”，表示紧挨着
Peter was standing beside his father.
续表
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}序号
介词
(短语)
辨 析
例 句
12
like
“像……一样”
Lucy looks like her father.
as
“像……一样”，作连词
He doesn’t run so fast as I (do).
“作为，当作”，作介词
English is used by many people as a second language.
续表
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}序号
介词
(短语)
辨 析
例 句
13
to
“到，往”，强调目的地，多用于 come, go, return, move 等动词后
After five years the Greens moved to London.
towards
“朝，向”，表示方向，含有没有到达之意
The Great Green Wall will stop the wind moving towards the farmland.

for
“去，往”，表示方向，多用于 leave, start 等动词后
When will you leave for Beijing?

续表
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}序号
介词
(短语)
辨 析
例 句
14
of
“……的”，表示所属关系
This is a map of China.
to
“……的”，表示对于、通向
Please give me the answer to this question.

for
“……的”，表示用途
I want to buy two tickets for the film.

续表
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}序号
介词(短语)
辨 析
例 句
15
of sb.
“对于(某人)”，用于“It is+adj.+of sb. to do sth.”句型中，形容词为 clever, kind, nice 等描述人物性格特征的词，of 后的人物与形容词有主表关系
It’s kind of you to help me with my homework.
for sb.
“对于(某人)”，用于“It is+adj.+for sb. to do sth.”句型中，常用表示客观情况的形容词，如 easy, hard, difficult, interesting, important 等表示事物的特征，for 后的人物与形容词没有主表关系
It’s important for us to learn English well.
续表
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}序号
介词
(短语)
辨 析
例 句
16
besides
“除……以外”，表示包括其后的成分
All of the students in Class 2 went to the park besides Li Lei. Now he is talking about it.
except
“除……以外”，表示不包括其后的成分
All of the students in Class 2 went to the park except Li Lei. He had to look after his sister.
but
“除……以外”，常用于不定代词之后
There is nothing but a card in the box.
续表
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}序号
介词
(短语)
辨 析
例 句
17
before
“在……以前”，表示时间
Please finish your homework before Tuesday.

“在……前面”，表示位置、顺序
Spring comes before summer.
in front of
“在……(外部的)前面”，表示位置
There are some trees in front of the classroom.

in/at the front of
“在……(内部的)前面”，表示位置
There is a teacher’s desk in the front of the classroom.
续表
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}序号
介词
(短语)
辨 析
例 句
18
in+方向名词
“在……部”，指内部方位
Shanghai is in the east of China.
on+方向名词
“在……边”，指相邻方位
Canada is on the north of America.

to+方向名词
“在……面”，指分离方位
Japan is to the east of China.
续表
{5FD0F851-EC5A-4D38-B0AD-8093EC10F338}考点盘点
1.时间介词 2. 地点、方位介词 3. 方式介词
命题聚焦
时间介词：主要考查at, on, in, for, since, after, before, during, until等的用法。
地点、方位介词：主要考查at, in, by, on, to, towards, across, through, over, in front of, behind, under, near, inside, outside, beside, between, among, above, below等的用法，across与through的区别；between与among的区别。
方式介词：主要考查with, in, by, on等的用法。
例1 —It is said that the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge was built in 2018 .
—That’s true! It connects Zhuhai Hong Kong and Macao.
A. with B. over
C. from D. between
(2020年广西玉林市中考题)
【解析】 “connect...with...”为固定搭配，意为“连接……和……”。介词 with 有“和……一起，带有”的含义。句意：——据说港珠澳大桥于2018年建好了。——这是真的！它把珠海与香港和澳门连接起来。故答案选 A。
?
例2 Usually I make breakfast for my family Saturdays.
A. at B. in
C. on D. to
(2020年北京市中考题)
【解析】 at 后接具体时刻； in 后常接年、月、上午、下午、晚上、白天、季节、世纪等；on 后常接某日、星期几、某日的朝夕、节日等； to 表示时间时，指时间还未到。 Saturdays (星期六)是具体的一天，所以要用介词 on。句意：通常我在星期六为我的家人做早餐。故答案选 C。
?
例3 —What time is it?
—It’s half seven.
A. past B. to
C. at
(2020年黑龙江绥化市中考题)
【解析】 如果分钟数少于或等于30分钟，用“分钟数+past+钟点数”表示，意为“几点几分”；如果分钟数多于30分钟，用“(60-原分钟数)+to+(原钟点数+1)”表示，意为“几点差几分”；at 表示在具体某一时刻。表示“几点半”，用“half+past +钟点数”。 句意：——现在几点？——七点半。故答案选 A。
?
例4 Don’t use your mobile phone when you go the road. It’s dangerous.
A. through B. over
C. into D. across
(2020年辽宁铁岭市、葫芦岛市中考题)
【解析】 through“穿过”，指从事物内部通过；over“在……正上方”；into“进入”；across“横过，穿过”，指从事物的一边到另一边。句意：过马路时不要使用手机，这是危险的。根据语境可知，此处指从马路的一边到另一边，应该用介词 across， go across the road 意为“穿过马路”。故答案选 D。
?
例5 My hometown, Kunming, is famous fresh flowers. No matter when you visit it, they will catch your eyes.
A. as B. for
C. of D. by
(2020年云南昆明市中考题)
【解析】 be famous for“因为……而闻名”，for 后接出名的原因；be famous as“以某种身份而出名”，as 后常接表示身份、职业的名词。根据 fresh flowers 可知，此处指昆明因为鲜花而闻名，应填 for。句意：我的家乡昆明以鲜花闻名。无论你什么时候去参观，它们都会吸引你的眼球。故答案选 B。
?
例6 I will be in senior high school a month. I can’t believe the time went by so fast.
A. at B. in
C. on
(2020年湖南郴州市中考题)
【解析】 “in+时间段”意为“在……之后”，通常用于将来时。根据 I will be in senior high school 可知，此处表示将来，in a month 意为“一个月后”。 句意：一个月后我就要上高中了。我无法相信时间过得这么快。故答案选 B。
?
例7 Eight members of a Chinese team arrived the top of Mount Qomolangma successfully.
A. in B. at
C. to
(2020年海南省中考题)
【解析】 arrive at/in 意为“到达”，at 后跟小地点，in 后跟大地点。 the top of Mount Qomolangma(珠穆朗玛峰山顶)前应该用介词 at。句意：中国队的八名队员成功抵达珠穆朗玛峰山顶。故答案选 B。
?
例8 Look! The girl red is helping an old man cross the road.
A. of B. on
C. in
(2020年湖南湘西州中考题)
【解析】 “in+颜色”表示“穿着……颜色的衣服”。根据设空处后 red(红色)可知，应用介词 in，表示“穿红色衣服”。句意：看! 穿红色衣服的女孩正在帮助一位老人过马路。故答案选 C。
?
例9 —How do you study for a test, Annie?
—I study working with a group.
A. by B. with
C. in
(2020年湖南邵阳市中考题)
【解析】 by 意为 “通过”，后面常跟方法、手段、方式；in 意为“用”时，常指用语言、声音、材料等； with 意为“用”时指用某种工具或身体的某个部位等。问句问的是以什么方式学习，所以应用介词 by。句意：——安妮，你如何为考试学习？——通过小组合作。故答案选 A。
?
例10 The accident happened a cold morning, but luckily, no one was injured.
A. at B. on
C. in
(2020年四川广元市中考题)
【解析】 at 用在具体时刻前；on 用在具体某一天，某一天的早晨、下午、晚上的前面；in 用在年、月、季节的前面。根据本句中的 a cold morning 可知此处是指具体某天的早晨，要用介词 on。句意：事故发生在一个寒冷的早晨，但幸运的是，没有人受伤。故答案选 B。
?
例11 —Many doctors and nurses went to Hubei in February.
—Hubei is far from Heilongjiang. It’s the south of China, the south of Henan.
A. in；to B. on；to
C. in；on
(2020年黑龙江龙东地区中考题)
【解析】 当表示方位时，in 表示在范围内地点；on 表示相邻并接壤，互不相属；to 表示不接壤，常指隔海相望，互不相属，中间有间隔。湖北在中国境内，所以第一空填 in；湖北与河南接壤且位于河南南面，所以第二空填 on。句意：——许多医生和护士在二月去了湖北。——湖北离黑龙江很远。它在中国的南部，在河南的南面。故答案选 C。
?
例12 It’s necessary masks(口罩) in public places during the COVID-19 period.
A. for us to wear B. for us wearing
C. of us wearing D. of us to wear
(2020年云南省中考题)
【解析】 “It’s+ adj. +for／of sb. +to do sth.”表示“对某人来说做某事怎么样”。 for sb. 句型常用于修饰事物的特征，常用表示客观情况的形容词，如 easy, necessary，interesting, important 等；of sb. 的句型一般用于表示人物的性格、品德，常用表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如 good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right 等。句意：在新冠肺炎疫情期间，我们有必要在公共场所佩戴口罩。句中的 necessary 用来修饰戴口罩这件事情，所以介词用 for。故答案选 A。
?
例13 Look! A boy is drawing the bridge which is the river.
A. over; on B. over; above
C. on; over
(2019年黑龙江龙东地区中考题)
【解析】 三个词都意为“在……上面”。 over 指在物体的正上方，不与物体表面接触；on 表示与物体表面接触；above 表示不一定在正上方。根据句意可知表示“在桥面上”应该用介词 on；表示“桥在河的上方”，应该用介词 over。句意：看！一个男孩正在河上的桥上画画。故答案选 C。
?
1. More villagers will move to new houses 2021 .
A. in B. on
C. at D. for
(2020年重庆市 A 卷中考题)
2. It is going to rain. Take an umbrella you.
A. with B. at
C. in D. from
(2020年天津市中考题)
?
?
3. The ancient town has been open to visitors about ten years．
A. by B. for
C. on D. though
(2020年上海市中考题)
4. Mr. Smith always encourages his students to be active class.
A. in B. by
C. with D. from
(2020年上海市中考题)
?
?
5. Helen’s mother always goes shopping Friday afternoons.
A.in B. on
C.at
(2020年四川甘孜州中考题)
6. —Cindy, it’s very nice you to lend me your car. It helps me a lot.
—It’s my pleasure.
A.with B. of
C.for D. to
(2020年四川攀枝花市中考题)
?
?
7. —Jack, can you swim the river?
—I don’t think I can. It’s too wide for me.
A.over B. across
C.through
(2020年四川乐山市中考题)
8. Today many foreigners enjoy working or studying China.
A.to B. by
C.on D. in
(2020年辽宁阜新市中考题)
?
?
9. The opening of our new school will be the morning of Friday, July 24th at 10:00 .
A.at B. in
C.on
(2020年湖南株洲市中考题)
10. The Ninth Xichang Dragon Boat Race was held June 9th last year. Many people watched it TV.
A.in; on B. in; in
C.on; on D. on; in
(2020年四川凉山州中考题)
?
?
11. —Which is your uncle?
—The big man, smartly dressed a suit and tie.
A. on B. with
C.for D. in
(2020年湖北武汉市中考题)
12. You’d better not hang out after school telling your parents. They may worry about you.
A. by B. with
C.without D. after
(2020年山东青岛市中考题)
?
?
13. A Chinese survey team reached the top of Mount Qomolangma May 27th, 2020, which will improve human knowledge of nature and scientific development.
A. at B. on
C.in
(2020年湖南长沙市中考题)
14. The bank is the left of the supermarket. It’s not far.
A.in B. for
C.on D. at
(2020年重庆市 B 卷中考题)
?
?
15. When you have joys, you can share them your friends.
A.for B. in
C.with D. on
(2020年江苏淮安市中考题)
16. When are you arriving? I’ll pick you up the station.
A. at B. to
C.on D. off
(2020年河北省中考题)
?
?
17. —Hello, my name is John Smith. And I’m calling to ask about the position in your school.
—Yes, the position is still open. You could come over and have a talk . us.
A.with B. about
C.through D. away
(2020年内蒙古包头市中考题)
18. In the last few months the teachers have given lessons the Internet as webcasts(主播).
A.for B. at
C.in D. on
(2020年云南省中考题)
?
?
19. The children here improve their English listening and speaking every day.
A.on B. through
C.with D. by
(2020年贵州黔西南州中考题)
20. More and more people in Huangshi choose to go to work bike.
A.in B. with
C.on D. by
(2020年湖北黄石市中考题)
?
?
21. —I think washing hands every day is good our health.
—Yes, I agree you!
A. to; to B. with; to
C.for; with D. at; with
(2020年山东滨州市中考题)
22. —I am hungry now. I come to school breakfast this morning.
—You should get up early.
A.of B. to
C.at D. without
(2020年湖北十堰市中考题)
?
?
23. —In order to win the COVID-19 resistance war(阻击战), many heroes lost their lives. How great they are!
—Yeah. China is quite an unusual country. I take pride my motherland.
A. of B. for
C.in D. with
(2020年四川达州市中考题)
解析： take pride in 是固定搭配，意为“为……感到骄傲”。
?
24. I met Nancy my way home yesterday.
A. in B. at
C.by D. on
(2020年江苏徐州市中考题)
解析： on one’s way to 意为“在某人去……的路上”，此处 home 为副词，省略 to。
?
25. Cookies are just the thing to serve tall glasses of real lemon juice.
A. at B. in
C. with
(2020年青海省中考题)
26. My uncle’s reviews on the four great classical Chinese novels may be published the summer of 2021 .
A.in B. on
C.at D. for
(2020年江苏南通市中考题)
解析：由句意“曲奇饼应该和用高脚杯装的天然柠檬汁一起享用”可知此处表示伴随状态，用 with。
?
?
27. —Xining is getting more and more beautiful.
—Oh, yes. I think more changes are .
A. on the radio B. in the end
C. on the way
(2020年青海省中考题)
28. —What’s the result of my driving test?
—You didn’t reach the required standard. , you failed.
A. In the end B. After all
C. In other words D. At the same time
(2020年湖北荆州市中考题)
?
?
29. Some people prefer tea milk. However, I like drinking tea without anything in it.
A.to B. with
C.of
(2020年黑龙江牡丹江、鸡西地区中考题)
?
30. —Sorry, I didn’t do a good job.
—Never mind. , you’ve tried your best.
A.As for B. In total
C.In that case D. After all
(2020年辽宁铁岭市、葫芦岛市中考题)
解析： as for“对于”;in total“总共”;in that case“在那种情况下”;after all“毕竟”。根据句意“没关系，毕竟你已经尽力了”可知 D 项正确。
?
31. Although the man is in his eighties, he grows vegetables in his garden.
A.in public B. in person
C.in silence D. in fact
(2020年湖北鄂州市中考题)
32. Who is better playing basketball, you or your brother?
A.at B. in
C.on
解析： 此处是 be good at 结构，意为“擅长……”，空前是 good 的比较级形式，故填 at。
?
?
33. The moonlight goes into the room the window.
A.through B. above
C.across D. under
34. All of us went to the park Nancy. She had to look after her brother.
A.besides B. with
C.against D. except
?
?
1. I think the mooncake will taste better some meat in it.
A. for B. from
C. after D. with
(2020年广西河池市中考题)
2. The bridge near our school was built 1998 .
A.up B. of
C.in
(2020年广西柳州市中考题)
?
?
3. We have lunch school from Monday to Friday.
A. on B. at
C.with
(2020年广西桂林市中考题)
4. Hangzhou is the east of China.
A. on B. in
C.of D. from
(2020年广西梧州市中考题)
?
?
5. Hong Kong is the south of China. It’s one of the busiest cities in the world.
A.in B. on
C. at D. to
(2020年广西百色市中考题)
6. The library is from the post office. You won’t miss it.
A. in B. before
C.behind D. across
(2020年广西贺州市中考题)
解析： across from 意为“在……对面”。
?
?
7. It’s reported that a lot of adults take lessons online further education.
A.after B. to
C.with D. for
(2020年广西河池市二模试题)
解析： for 此处表示目的，意为“为了”， 句意为“据报道，很多成年人在线上课以接受进一步的教育”。
?
8. —Here are some books about the topic of your report.
—Really? Thank you very much helping me.
A.about B. to
C.for D. with
(2020年广西贵港市二模试题)
?
9. My English teacher always comes into the classroom a smile.
A.by B. for
C.on D. with
(2019年广西河池市中考题)
10. —People’s Republic of China was set up in 1949．
—Every Chinese knows her 70th birthday is October 1, 2019 .
A.in B. at
C.on D. by
(2019年广西玉林市中考题)
?
?
11. —Is Mr. Green at school？
—Sorry, I don’t know. But you can call him 340-5261．
A.in B. with
C.by D. at
(2019年广西贵港市中考题)
12. —When is your birthday, Li Fang?
—It’s July 26 .
A.on B. to
C.in
(2019年广西柳州市中考题)
解析：“call sb. at+电话号码”意为“拨打……找某人”。
?
?
13. My brother joined the army September last year．
A.on B. by
C.at D. in
(2019年广西百色市中考题)
14. —It’s said that the best way to relax is exercise.
—I see. But you should keep away dangerous sports.
A. with; from B. for; off
C.through; from D. through; by
(2018年广西玉林市中考题)
?
?
15. We go to school Monday to Friday every week.
A.at B. for
C. on D. from
(2018年广西百色市中考题)
?