2021年中考复习人教版第二篇第二部分第34讲非谓语动词课件60张

第34讲 非谓语动词
第二部分 语法
这一讲要求掌握动词不定式的构成和用法，掌握动词-ing 形式的常见用法和动词过去分词的常见用法。
非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。它们具有动词、名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中不可作谓语。
一、动词不定式
动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，其否定式由“not to+动词原形”构成, “for +名(代)词+不定式”，即 for sb. to do sth. 构成不定式的复合结构。
动词不定式无人称和数的变化，在句中不可作谓语，但它仍保留动词的特点，有语态的变化，可以和自己的宾语、状语构成动词不定式短语。
1. 动词不定式具有名词、形容词、副词的特性，可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语。见下表：
2. 接动词不定式作宾语的常用动词有 begin, start, want, decide, fail, hope, wish, learn, love, like 等。
3. 接动词不定式作宾语补足语的常用动词有 ask, tell, want, help, teach, like 等。
4. 动词不定式省略 to 的动词有：(1)感官动词 see, notice, watch, hear, feel, observe 等；(2)使役动词 let， make, have；(3)在 help 之后，不定式可以带 to, 也可以不带 to。
5. “疑问词+动词不定式”(疑问词 why 没有此用法, 不定式的逻辑主语常为句中主语)构成的不定式短语在句中可以作主语、宾语和表语。例如：
I don’t know how to make a milk shake .(作宾语)我不知道怎样制作奶昔。
Where to go has not been decided yet.(作主语)还没决定去哪里。
二、动词-ing 形式(动名词)
动词-ing 形式既是动词现在分词，也可以构成动名词。构成动名词时，表示由这一个动词转换成的一件抽象的事，多用在介词之后。例如：
Thank you for coming. 谢谢你能来。
Forests help to keep water from running away. 森林有助于防止水流失。
接动名词作宾语的动词和动词短语, 见下表：
在复习动名词与动词不定式时要注意以下几点：
1. 动名词表示由抽象动作转化成的一件事，而不定式表示具体的、将要发生的动作。例如：
I like reading. 我喜欢读书。
They both like to read love stories. 他们俩都喜欢读爱情故事。
2. 有的动词后接动名词与动词不定式在含义上的不同。
(1)stop doing sth. 与 stop to do sth.： stop doing sth. 意为“停止正在做的事”；stop to do sth. 意为“停下来去做另一件事”。
(2)forget/remember doing sth. 与 forget/remember to do sth.：用动名词形式表示“忘记/记得做过某事”；用不定式表示“忘记/记得去做某事”。
(3)go on doing sth. 与 go on to do sth.：前者为“继续正在做的事”；后者为“接着继续做另一件事”。
(4)need doing sth. 与 need to do sth.: need doing sth. 表示“需要被做”，主语一般为物，相当于 need to be done；need to do sth. 表示“需要做某事”，主语一般为人。
(5)try doing sth. 与 try to do sth.： try doing sth. 表示“试着做某事”；try to do sth. 表示“试图(尽力)做某事”。
三、现在分词与过去分词
动词的现在分词与过去分词都具有形容词、副词的特征，在句子中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语。现在分词与过去分词在用法上的区别主要有：
1. 现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。请比较：
That lesson was quite interesting. 那堂课很有趣。(那堂课本身很有趣)
I was very interested in that lesson. 我对那堂课很感兴趣。(我在那堂课中被激起兴趣)
You may be worried if you have a worrying problem. 假如你有一个令人担忧的问题，你就可能感到担忧。
2. 现在分词表示动作正在进行，过去分词表示动作已经完成。请比较：
China is a developing country. 中国是一个发展中国家。
The USA is a developed country. 美国是一个发达国家。
3. 现在分词与动词不定式(省略 to)作感官动词的宾语补足语的区别：
(1)现在分词作宾语补足语表示所见到、听到的动作正在进行。例如：
I saw her dancing when I passed the classroom. 路过教室时我看见她在跳舞。(跳舞动作正在进行)
(2)动词不定式则表示所见到、听到的动作的全过程已经结束。例如：
I saw her break a glass yesterday. 昨天我看见她打破了一只玻璃杯。(打破玻璃杯的动作已经结束)
{5FD0F851-EC5A-4D38-B0AD-8093EC10F338}考点盘点
1.动词不定式 2. 动名词 3. 现在分词 4. 过去分词
命题聚焦
动词不定式：主要考查动词不定式作状语、主语、宾语、宾语补足语的用法，动词不定式的否定形式以及使役动词和感官动词后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语的用法。
动名词：主要考查动名词作主语、宾语的用法；动名词与动词不定式的区别。
现在分词：主要考查现在分词作宾语补足语的用法；现在分词与动词不定式作感官动词的宾语补足语的区别。
过去分词：主要考查过去分词作后置定语的用法。
例1 Now the Chinese government has made laws wild animals.
A. protect B. protects
C. to protect D. protected
(2020年广西北部湾经济区Ⅱ卷中考题)
【解析】 句意：现在中国政府已经制定了法律来保护野生动物。根据句意可知，政府制定法律的目的是保护野生动物，此处用动词不定式短语 to protect 来表示目的。故答案选 C。
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例2 —What did she say in her letter?
—She said she was looking forward to to her hometown.
A. return B. returned
C. returning D. returns
(2020年广西贵港市中考题)
【解析】 mind，enjoy, finish, practice, avoid, be busy, be worth, look forward to 等一类词后不能接不定式，而要接动名词作宾语。 look forward to doing sth. 意为“期待做某事”，其中 to 为介词，其后要接动名词形式。句意：——她在信中说了什么?——她说她盼望着回到家乡。故答案选 C。
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例3 —Who is the teacher going to have a picture for the wall newspaper?
—Charlie.
A. draw B. to draw C. drawn
(2020年广西柳州市中考题)
【解析】 此处 have 是使役动词，have sb./sth. do sth. 意为“使某人/物做某事(指一次性的具体的动作)”；have sth. done 意为“让/叫/使/请别人做某事”，宾语 sth. 后用过去分词作宾语补足语，说明 sth. 与过去分词表示的动作之间是被动关系；have sth. to do 意为“有某事要做”。本题是疑问句，疑问代词 who 作 have 的宾语，构成 have sb. do sth. 的结构，表示“让某人做某事”，此处应用省略 to 的不定式。句意：——老师打算让谁在墙报上画一幅画? ——查理。故答案选 A。
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例4 Lisa plans a new picture next week.
A. draw B. to draw
C. drawing
(2020年吉林省中考题)
【解析】 plan, refuse, decide, want, agree，expect, fail, hope, wish, choose, manage, offer, prepare, promise 等一类动词后只能接动词不定式作宾语，不能接动名词形式。 plan to do sth. 意为“计划做某事”。句意：丽萨计划下周画一幅新的画。故答案选 B。
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例5 —When does the online class begin, Mrs. Grace?
—At eight o’clock. Tell Cindy late.
A. not be B. not being
C. not to be
(2020年湖南邵阳市中考题)
【解析】 tell, ask 等动词后一般接带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语，构成 tell/ask sb. to do sth. 结构，意为“告诉某人做某事”；其否定式是 tell/ask sb. not to do sth.，意为“告诉某人不要做某事”。句意：——网上课程什么时候开始，格雷斯夫人?——8点钟。告诉辛迪不要迟到。故答案选 C。
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例6 Reading is a good way the world.
A. for know B. for knows
C. to know D. to knows
(2020年甘肃天水市中考题)
【解析】 for 是介词，其后应跟动名词，所以排除 A 和 B 项；D 项形式错误。根据句意可知，此处是不定式 to know 作后置定语修饰中心词 way。句意：阅读是了解世界的好方法。故答案选 C。
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例7 We should do what we can those people when they are in trouble.
A. to help B. helped
C. help
(2020年黑龙江龙东地区中考题)
【解析】 解答该题时，会有一部分同学一看到 can 就毫不犹豫地选 C。其实，这正是出题老师所设的陷阱。本题中 what we can 作 do 的宾语，can 后省略了动词 do，此处要用动词不定式 to help 表示目的。句意：当人们有困难时，我们应该尽我们所能去帮助他们。故答案选 A。
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例8 Diana used to to work, but now she is used to because the road is crowded and she wants to keep fit.
A. drive; walk B. drive; walking
C. driving; walk
(2020年湖南益阳市中考题)
【解析】 used to do sth. 意为“过去常常做某事”，是固定结构，本身是一般过去时；be used to doing sth. 意为“习惯于做某事”，表示现在的状态，介词 to 后面只能跟名词、代词或动名词。根据句意“戴安娜过去常常开车去上班，但现在她习惯步行”可知第一空填 drive，第二空填 walking。故答案选 B。
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例9 My mother reading books at home invited to dinners at times.
A. preferred; to being B. preferred to; rather than
C. preferred; than being D. preferred; to be
(2020年内蒙古呼和浩特市中考题)
【解析】 prefer 连接两个动作时构成 prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 或 prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 结构。由第一空后的 reading 可知，此处应填 preferred，后面用 to doing sth. 连接第二个动词；再由句意可知，my mother 是动作 invite 的承受者，构成被动关系，所以第二空应用被动语态。句意：有时我母亲宁愿在家里看书，也不愿被邀请去吃饭。故答案选 A。
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例10 He felt tired, so he stopped a rest under the tree.
A. having B. have
C. to have
(2020年四川甘孜州中考题)
【解析】 stop 后接动名词和不定式在含义上有所不同。 stop doing sth. 意为“停下正在做的事”，stop to do sth. 意为“停下(正在做的事)去做另一件事”。由句意“他感到累了，所以他停下来在树下休息”可知是停下来去做另一件事——休息，所以用 to have 符合题意。故答案选 C。
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例11 —Mrs. Smith, I have some sleeping. Would you mind the music a bit, please?
—OK, of course not.
A. troubles；turning up B. trouble；turning down
C. problem；to turn down D. problems；turning off
(2020年四川达州市中考题)
【解析】 have trouble/ problems/ difficulties (in) doing sth. 为固定搭配，表示“做某事有困难”，其中 trouble 是不可数名词。第一个空前为 some，所以排除选项 A 和 C。又根据句中 a bit 提示可推知是将音乐声调小，不是关掉，所以排除选项 D。 mind doing sth. 意为“介意做某事”，所以第二空应填 turning down。句意：——史密斯太太，我入睡有困难。你介意把音乐调小一点吗？——好的，当然不介意。故答案选 B。
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例12 It’s important for us a healthy lifestyle.
A. to keep B. keep
C. keeping D. kept
(2020年四川遂宁市中考题)
【解析】 “It is+形容词+for sb. to do sth.” 为固定句型，意为 “做某事对于某人来说……”。 it 代替动词不定式作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式，所以空格处应用 to keep。句意：保持健康的生活方式对我们来说很重要。故答案选 A。
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例13 with my father’s handwriting, mine is poor.
A. Compare B. Compared
C. Comparing D. Compares
(2020年甘肃天水市中考题)
【解析】 分析句子结构可知，句中有谓语动词 is，故此处填非谓语。 be compared with 为固定搭配，意为“与……相比”，故此处应填过去分词 compared 作状语。句意：与我父亲的书法相比，我的很差。故答案选 B。
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例14 We can overcome all the difficulties by together.
A. work B. works
C. working D. worked
(2020年甘肃天水市中考题)
【解析】 空格前的 by 为介词，其后应用动名词形式作介词的宾语。句意：我们可以通过合作克服所有的困难。故答案选 C。
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例15 I saw her flowers in the garden when I passed by.
A. to water B. water
C. watering D. watered
(2019年甘肃天水市中考题)
【解析】 see sb. doing sth. 是指“看见某人正在做某事”，表示正在进行，不是全过程；see sb. do sth. 是指“看见某人做过某事”，是看见事情发生的全过程(此处 do 前省略 to)。有类似用法的单词还有 hear, watch, notice 等。根据 when I passed by 这一语境可知，这里应该是“我”路过时看见她正在浇水，强调正在进行的动作，要用 see sb. doing sth. 结构。故答案选 C。
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例16 —John, remember off the lights when you leave the classroom.
—No problem!
A. turn B. turned
C. to turn
(2019年湖南湘西州中考题)
【解析】 remember to do sth. 意为“记得要去做某事”，这件事情还没有做；remember doing sth. 意为“记得做过某事”，这件事情已经做过了。有类似用法的单词还有 forget。根据 when you leave the classroom 可知事情还没有做，因此要用动词不定式，意为“记得关灯”。故答案选 C。
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例17 —My uncle is against wasting anything．
—No wonder he would rather the old bike than a new one．
A. repair; to buy B. to repair; buy
C. repair； buy
(2019年四川自贡市中考题)
【解析】 “would rather do sth....than do sth.”为固定结构，意为“宁愿……而不愿……”，表示主观愿望，即在两者之中选择其一。句意：——我叔叔反对浪费任何东西。——难怪他宁愿修理旧自行车也不愿买新自行车。故答案选 C。
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1. I’ve just watched a TV programme about space. I hope on the moon one day.
A. walk B. walked
C. walking D. to walk
(2020年天津市中考题)
2. We’d better follow the seven-step hand-washing method healthy.
A.to keep B. keep
C.keeping D. keeps
(2020年重庆市 B 卷中考题)
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3. —Were you required home during the outbreak of COVID-19?
—Yes. Luckily, the Internet made it possible for many of us at home.
A.to stay; to work B. staying; to work
C.to stay; work D. staying; work
(2020年江苏常州市中考题)
4. —Don’t forget off the lights when you leave the classroom.
—OK. I’ll do that.
A. turn B. turns
C. turning D. to turn
(2020年四川内江市中考题)
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5. I haven’t seen my best friend Lucy for 2 months. I’m looking forward to a video call with her.
A. have B. having
C. has
(2020年湖南岳阳市中考题)
6. Parents should let children home and find more about the world. After all, birds should fly in the sky.
A.leave B. to leave
C.leaves D. leaving
(2020年西藏自治区中考题)
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7. The singer was often seen to practice songs near the woods three years ago.
A. sing B. singing
C. to sing
(2020年四川甘孜州中考题)
8. The Birdwatching Society goes to Zhalong Nature Reserve the birds every year.
A. to count B. counting
C. count D. counts
(2020年江苏盐城市中考题)
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9. Doctors tell us our hands before and after every meal．
A. wash B. washed
C. washing D. to wash
(2020年上海市中考题)
10. With the improvement in transportation, students in some small villages no longer go on ropeways rivers to schools.
A. to cross B. crossing
C. crossed
(2020年贵州安顺市中考题)
解析：句子的谓语动词是 go，结合选项可知 cross 充当非谓语动词。根据句意可知之前走索道是为了过河上学，即空格后是表示目的，所以填不定式 to cross。
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11. The doctors and nurses managed the lives of patients, though they didn’t have enough medicine.
A.save B. saving
C.to save D. to saving
(2020年江苏苏州市中考题)
12. —A lot of old people are lonely. What can we do to help them?
—I want the old people’s home to talk to them.
A. visit B. to visit
C. visiting
(2020年湖南怀化市中考题)
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13. We are glad that traditional Chinese medicine can work wonders in preventing some diseases.
A. know B. to know
C. knowing
(2020年湖南长沙市中考题)
14. On January 29th, 2020, Zhong Nanshan and his team over four hours online five patients who were seriously ill, and made a treatment plan for those patients.
A. spent; checking B. spent; to check
C. spend; checking D. spend; to check
(2020年四川凉山州中考题)
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15. —It is so hot today. Why not swim in the river?
—No, we can’t swim in the river. Our teachers and parents always warn us in the river. It’s too dangerous.
A. to not swim B. swimming
C.not to swim D. not swimming
(2020年湖北鄂州市中考题)
16. —Why do many farmers put their products online these days?
— them more easily.
A. To sell B. Sell
C.Selling
(2020年四川成都市中考题)
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17. —Let’s go to the movies this weekend.
—Sorry, but my parents and I have decided to Dongjiang Lake for camping.
A. go B. going
C.to go
(2020年湖南郴州市中考题)
18. My sister has gone to work in Beijing, not for money, but herself.
A. improve B. improved
C.to improve
(2020年湖北恩施州中考题)
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19. The twin brothers are busy artworks from ocean waste.
A. making B. make
C.to make
(2020年福建省中考题)
20. Teachers expect all their students progress day by day.
A. to make B. make
C.to take D. take
(2020年山东青岛市中考题)
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21. —What’s next?
—I’ll have Tony you around.
A.to show B. show
C. showed D. shown
(2020年黑龙江大庆市中考题)
22. the project as planned, they need to work two more hours a day.
A. To finish B. Finishing
C.Finish D. To be finished
(2020年内蒙古包头市中考题)
解析： have sb. do sth. 意为“让某人做某事”，have 此处是使役动词，后跟省略 to 的不定式。
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23. The engineers will keep the project with the manager of the company．
A. discuss B. discussed
C. discussing D. to discuss
(2020年上海市中考题)
解析： keep doing sth. 是固定搭配，意为“不断、持续、坚持做某事”。
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24. Our government tries to do everything they can people live a better life.
A. to help B. help
C. helping D. helped
(2020年四川达州市中考题)
解析：本题中 they can 是作后置定语修饰 everything，此处要用动词不定式 to help 表示目的。
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25. A lot of museums in China are worth . If you have time, you can choose to go.
A.visited B. visiting
C.to visit D. visit
(2020年江苏镇江市中考题)
26. —Why don’t the doctors stop lunch?
—Because they are busy a patient.
A. to have; to save B. having; saving
C.to have; saving D. having; to save
(2020年新疆生产建设兵团中考题)
解析：be worth doing sth. 为固定搭配，意为“做某事是值得的”。
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27. Nowadays, it’s convenient and cheap for us a shared-bicycle.
A.driving B. to drive
C.ride D. to ride
28. When I crossed the street， I found a little girl at the corner.
A. cry B. crying
C. to cry D. cried
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29. I think is good for our health.
A. run B. runs
C.running D. to run
30. Could you explain to me next?
A.how to do B. how to do it
C.what to do it D. what should I do
解析：本题考查“特殊疑问词+不定式”结构的用法。疑问代词 what 可以作 do 的宾语，因此 C 项中不需要 it；how 是疑问副词，只能作方式状语，所以 do 后需要宾语 it。故答案选 B。
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1. They want a football match.
A. not watch B. watch
C. to watch
(2020年广西桂林市中考题)
2. —Sam, let’s go and play football.
—Sorry, I’m busy for the final exam.
A. prepare B. prepares
C. preparing D. to prepare
(2020年广西河池市中考题)
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3. —My father is against wasting anything.
—No wonder he would rather the old mobile phone than buy a new one.
A.repair B. repaired
C.to repair D. repairing
(2020年广西贵港市一模试题)
解析： would rather do sth. than do. sth. 为固定结构，意为“宁愿……而不愿……”。
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4. Time is limited! You’d better your time any more.
A. not to waste B. waste
C.not waste
(2019年广西桂林市中考题)
解析： had better do sth. 的否定形式直接在 better 后加上 not，意为“最好不要做某事”。
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5. The teachers often tell us in the river. It’s dangerous.
A.not swim B. don’t swim
C.not swimming D. not to swim
(2019年广西百色市中考题)
6. Lily enjoys a film at the weekend.
A.see B. to see
C.seeing
(2019年广西柳州市中考题)
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7. My parents don’t allow me TV on school nights.
A.to watch B. watch
C.watches D. watching
(2019年广西河池市中考题)
8. —I have trouble the new word. Can you help me？
—Sure. You can look it up in the dictionary．
A.understanding B. to understand
C.understand D. understood
(2019年广西贵港市中考题)
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9. He ran as fast as he could the bus but he failed.
A.catch B. to catch
C.caught
(2019年广西柳州市中考题)
10. —Tom, why have you decided Chinese folk music as a course?
—Because I like Chinese culture very much.
A.take B. taken
C.to take D. taking
(2018年广西百色市中考题)
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11. Jim went to the library some science magazines yesterday.
A.borrow B. borrows
C. to borrow D. borrowed
(2018年广西梧州市中考题)
12. —Could I go swimming with my friend, Dad?
—No, it’s very dangerous for you kids swimming without adults.
A.go B. going
C.to go D. went
(2018年广西河池市中考题)
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13. —Sam, don’t forget the book to the library tomorrow.
—OK. I won’t.
A. return B. returning
C.returned D. to return
(2018年广西贵港市中考题)
14. Look, Sam is doing some in the library.
A.to read B. reading
C.read
(2018年广西柳州市中考题)
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15. It often takes me two hours my homework every day.
A. do B. doing
C.to do
(2018年广西桂林市中考题)
16. Bingbing is weak carry the heavy box.
A.too; to B. to; too
C.so; that D. such; that
(2017年广西百色市中考题)
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17. When we heard the good news, we couldn’t help .We’re so excited.
A.jump B. to jump
C. jumping D. jumped
(2017年广西百色市中考题)
解析： can’t help doing sth. 是固定搭配，意为“禁不住要做某事”。
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18. —Why did his father buy that phone watch for him?
—Because the GPS in the watch can help him to avoid the way.
A.to lose B. lose
C. loses D. losing
(2017年广西贵港市中考题)
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