2021年中考复习人教版第二篇第三部分第35讲句子的种类课件57张

第35讲 句子的种类
第三部分 句法
一、陈述句
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}类别
结构特点
例 句
肯定句
主语+不及物动词.
The boy is running.
主语+及物动词+宾语.
I bought a toy car.
主语+连系动词+表语.
My father was a teacher.
主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语.
Jack, pass me some salt, please.
主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语.
I asked him to help me with my maths.
二、疑问句
三、祈使句
四、感叹句
五、倒装句
{5FD0F851-EC5A-4D38-B0AD-8093EC10F338}考点盘点
1. 陈述句 2. 疑问句 3. 祈使句 4. 感叹句 5. 倒装句
命题聚焦
陈述句：主要考查否定句的构成。
疑问句：主要考查特殊疑问词的辨析；反意疑问句的构成。
祈使句：主要考查祈使句的肯定与否定结构。
感叹句：主要考查感叹句的引导词的选择。
倒装句：主要考查so 与neither引起倒装的区别。
例1 —We are going to the Fun World after the midterm exam.
— exciting news!
A. What an B. What
C. How an D. How
(2020年广西梧州市中考题)
【解析】 本题考查感叹句。感叹句有两种基本句式：“How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语+其他!”和“What+(a/an+)形容词+名词+主语+谓语+其他!”，名词是复数或不可数时不加 a/an。句中的 news 是不可数名词，要用“What+形容词+不可数名词(+主语+谓语)！”句式。句意: ——期中考试结束后，我们要去游乐园。——多么令人兴奋的消息！故答案选 B。
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例2 — do the students in the village go to school?
—On a ropeway.
A. How B. When
C. Where
(2020年黑龙江绥化市中考题)
【解析】 本题考查特殊疑问词的辨析。 how “怎么样”，提问程度、方式、状况等；when “什么时候”，询问时间；where “哪里”，对地点提问。根据答语“On a ropeway.”可知，此处是对方式提问，疑问词用 how。句意:——村里的学生怎样去上学？——通过索道。故答案选 A。
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例3 — do you visit your grandmother in the countryside?
—Once a month.
A. How far B. How long
C. How soon D. How often
(2020年四川遂宁市中考题)
【解析】 本题考查 how 构成的疑问词的辨析。 how far “多远”，用来提问距离; how long“多久，多长”，用来提问“for+一段时间”或长度；how soon“多久之后”，用来提问“in+一段时间”, 常用于一般将来时中; how often“多久一次”，用来提问频率。根据答语“Once a month. ”可知，此处询问动作发生的频率，应该用 how often。句意：——你多久去看望乡下的奶奶一次？——每月去一次。故答案选 D。
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例4 — ?
—It’s July 27th.
A. What day is it today B. What’s the date today
C. What’s it like D. What’s the time
(2020年云南省中考题)
【解析】 本题考查特殊疑问句。 what day is it today 意为“今天星期几”；what’s the date today 意为“今天是几号”；what’s it like 意为“它是什么样的”；what’s the time 意为“几点了”。根据答句“It’s July 27th.”可知，此处询问日期。句意：——今天几号？——7月27日。故答案选 B。
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例5 —Are there any notebooks on COVID-19(新冠肺炎) in your school?
— They tell us how to protect ourselves in this big event.
A. Yes, they are. B. Yes, there are.
C. Yes, there is. D. Yes, it is.
(2020年贵州铜仁市中考题)
【解析】 本题考查 there be 句型的答语。问句是 there be 结构，答语也要用 there be 结构回答，所以排除选项 A 和 D；问句的主语 any notebooks 为复数，所以答语的 be 动词要用复数形式，排除选项 C。句意：——你们学校有关于新冠肺炎的手册吗？——是的，有。这些手册告诉我们在这个重大事件中如何保护自己。故答案选 B。
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例6 —She’s never heard of Abing, she?
— . She said that his piece, Erquan Yingyue， was her favorite music.
A. is; Yes, she is B. has; Yes, she has
C. hasn’t; No, she hasn’t D. isn’t; No, she isn’t
(2020年湖北鄂州市中考题)
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【解析】 本题考查反意疑问句的构成及其答语。反意疑问句遵循“前肯后否”或“前否后肯”的原则。若陈述句部分中含有 little, few, nothing, nobody, never, none, hardly 等表示否定的词时，附加疑问句用肯定结构。本题陈述句中 never 意为“从不”，表示否定，因此附加疑问句用肯定形式；She’s 是 She has 的缩写，所以附加疑问句应由“has+主语”构成，第一空填助动词 has。反意疑问句要根据事实回答，肯定的用 yes，否定的用 no。根据答语中“She said that his piece, Erquan Yingyue， was her favorite music.”可知她听说过阿炳，故此处用肯定回答“Yes，she has.”。句意：——她从没听说过阿炳，是吗？——不，她听说过。她说他的作品《二泉映月》是她最喜欢的音乐。故答案选 B。
例6 —She’s never heard of Abing, she?
— . She said that his piece, Erquan Yingyue， was her favorite music.
A. is; Yes, she is B. has; Yes, she has
C. hasn’t; No, she hasn’t D. isn’t; No, she isn’t
(2020年湖北鄂州市中考题)
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例7 Let’s meet at the school gate, ?
A. shall we B. shall you
C. will we D. will you
(2020年甘肃天水市中考题)
【解析】 本题考查祈使句的反意疑问句。反意疑问句中若陈述句部分是 let’s 开头的祈使句，附加疑问句部分用“shall we?”，若陈述句部分是 let me 开头，则附加疑问句部分用“will you?”。根据题干可知此处应用 shall we。句意：我们在学校门口见面，好吗? 故答案选 A。
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例8 on doing sports every day, and you’ll have a healthy body.
A. Keep B. To keep
C. Keeps D. Keeping
(2020年吉林长春市中考题)
【解析】 本题考查祈使句的用法。根据题干和选项可知，本句是“祈使句+ and +陈述句”的固定结构，祈使句省略主语 you，直接以动词原形开头。句意：每天坚持做运动，你会有健康的身体。故答案选 A。
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例9 walk on the grass.
A. Doesn’t B. Don’t
C. Not
(2020年黑龙江绥化市中考题)
【解析】 本题考查祈使句的否定形式。动词原形开头的祈使句的否定结构为： Don’t +动词原形+其他. 句意：不要踩在草地上。故答案选 B。
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例10 —Tom is always ready to help others.
— He often helps me with my English.
A. So he is. B. So he does.
C. So is he. D. So does he.
(2020年辽宁丹东市中考题)
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【解析】 本题考查倒装句。“So+助动词/情态动词/be 动词+主语”意为“也是如此”，表示后面的情况与前面的一样，主语通常不是指同一人/物，是倒装结构；“So+主语+助动词/情态动词/be 动词”意为“确实如此”，主语通常指的是同一人/物，表示赞同前面叙述的情况，不用倒装。根据“He often helps me with my English.”可知，汤姆总是帮助别人，他确实是乐于助人，用“so+主语+谓语”结构；又根据“Tom is always...”可知系动词是 is，所以倒装句中谓语用 is。句意：——汤姆总是乐于帮助别人。——确实如此。他经常帮助我学习英语。故答案选 A。
例10 —Tom is always ready to help others.
— He often helps me with my English.
A. So he is. B. So he does.
C. So is he. D. So does he.
(2020年辽宁丹东市中考题)
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例11 —Can you come to my party on Saturday afternoon?
— I must look after my grandmother.
A. Sorry, I can’t. B. Yes, I’d love to.
C. Let’s go.
(2019年四川广元市中考题)
【解析】 本题考查一般疑问句的答语。“Sorry, I can’t.”意为“对不起，我不能去”； “Yes, I’d love to.”意为“是的，我愿意去”；“Let’s go.”意为“咱们去吧”。根据“I must look after my grandmother.”可知，“我”去不了，表示歉意，要作否定回答。故答案选 A。
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例12 — a big clock on the wall？
—Yes，but it was broken in the earthquake.
A.Have you got B. Did you have
C. Was there
(2019年青海省中考题)
【解析】 本题考查 there be 结构。 have 表示“某人拥有某物”，表示所属关系；there be 表示“在某地有某物或某人”，是一种存在关系。根据 on the wall 可知，应用 there be 结构，表示存在关系。句意：——墙上有一个大钟?——是的，但是它在地震中摔坏了。故答案选 C。
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例13 Only yesterday find out that his purse was lost.
A. he was B. was he
C. did he D. he did
(2018年甘肃兰州市中考题)
【解析】 本题考查倒装句。当 only 位于句首时，句子须倒装，排除 A、D 两项。 find out 意为“发现”，是动词词组，构成倒装时，应借助助动词，又由时间状语 yesterday 可知，应用 did。句意：昨天他才发现钱包丢了。故答案选 C。
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1. — did the new rules about keeping dogs come out in Yichang?
—I’m not sure about the exact date but I totally agree.
A. When B. Why
C. What D. Who
(2020年湖北宜昌市中考题)
2. —Mike, will the new science museum be built?
—It will be built in the center of the city.
A. when B. where
C. what D. why
(2020年贵州黔南州中考题)
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3. — are you looking for, madam? I think everyone is here.
—I don’t think so. Where’s David?
A. Who B. What
C. When D. Where
(2020年江苏无锡市中考题)
4. — the population of Tianshui?
—It’s about 3 .6 million.
A. How many B. How much
C. What is D. Which is
(2020年甘肃天水市中考题)
解析：对人口数量提问要用“What’s the population of...”。
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5. — do you do volunteer work?
—Once a month. I think it is meaningful.
A. How often B. How far
C. How many D. How long
(2020年吉林长春市中考题)
6. — was the car invented?
—It was invented in 1885 .
A. When B. Which
C. Who D. Where
(2020年云南省中考题)
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7. — have you kept this book？
—For two months.
A. How soon B. How old
C. How long D. How often
(2020年甘肃金昌市中考题)
8. — is it from Haikou to Sanya?
—It’s about three hours’ drive.
A. How soon B. How long
C. How far
(2020年海南省中考题)
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9. — does the London Eye take you above the River Thames?
—One hundred and thirty-five meters.
A. How long B. How high
C. How heavy
(2020年四川乐山市中考题)
10. — is it since the Communist Party of China(中国共产党) was founded?
—Ninety-nine years. It’s her 100th birthday next year.
A. How often B. How long
C. How soon
(2020年福建省中考题)
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11. —Would you like to go to the cinema with me?
— .
A. Yes, I do. B. That’s right.
C. Yes, please. D. Yes, I’d like to.
(2020年黑龙江大庆市中考题)
12. There is something wrong with your bike, ?
A. is there B. is it
C. isn’t there D. isn’t it
(2020年西藏自治区中考题)
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13. —It’s Father’s Day, ?
—Yes. Let’s buy a gift for Dad. He works very hard for us.
A. isn’t it B. doesn’t it
C. isn’t he D. doesn’t he
(2020年贵州黔南州中考题)
14. Jack, you’re going to the mountain village to help the children, ?
A. don’t you B. do you
C. aren’t you D. are you
(2020年贵州黔西南州中考题)
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15. Tom hardly eats breakfast, ?
A. isn’t he B. is he
C. doesn’t he D. does he
(2020年四川遂宁市中考题)
16. —What a fine day! Let’s go for a picnic, ?
—Sounds like a good idea.
A. shall we B. don’t we
C. can we
(2020年青海省中考题)
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17. —Well, I’m in town. a bank around here?
—Of course. It’s just near Chengshan Park.
A. There is B. Is there
C. Is it
(2020年湖南邵阳市中考题)
18. exciting news! The Chinese team successfully arrived at the peak of Qomolangma.
A. What B. What an
C. How D. How an
(2020年江苏扬州市中考题)
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19. —Look! The children are playing in the swimming pool.
— great fun they are having!
A. What B. How
C. What a D. How a
(2020年辽宁抚顺市、本溪市、辽阳市中考题)
20. — wonderful the music is!
—Yes. It makes me relaxed after a busy day.
A. How B. What a
C. How a
(2020年黑龙江哈尔滨市中考题)
解析： fun 是不可数名词，所以构成感叹句要用 what 引导。
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21. —Look! The elephants are dancing to music.
— smart they are!
A. What B. How
C. What a
(2020年湖南郴州市中考题)
22. interesting stories they are!
A. What an B. How
C. What
(2020年黑龙江绥化市中考题)
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23. — rapid progress our country is making in science and technology!
—So it is. We are enjoying the convenience of modern technology.
A. How B. What
C. What a D. What an
(2020年云南昆明市中考题)
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24. —This is a photo of our family. Would you like to see it?
—Wow! happy family!
A. How B. How a
C. What D. What a
(2020年辽宁阜新市中考题)
解析：句子中心词是名词 family，所以用 what 引导感叹句，根据句意“多么幸福的一家呀！”可知此处强调 family 这个整体，所以加不定冠词 a。
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25. When I want to go out to play with my friends, my mother always says, “ at home. Don’t waste your time.”
A. Stay B. Stays
C. To stay D. Staying
(2020年四川凉山州中考题)
26. your smartphones, and read for at least 30 minutes every day! You know, reading helps us to deepen our spiritual world.
A. Put away B. To put away
C. Putting away
(2020年湖南长沙市中考题)
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27. —How can I avoid the illness, sir?
— a mask when going out and wash hands with soap.
A. Wears B. Wear
C. To wear
(2020年湖南长沙市中考题)
28. —Tom, here to carry the luggage upstairs for me， will you？
—All right.
A. come B. came
C. coming D. to come
(2020年上海市中考题)
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29. Please the rubbish into different litter bins according to the signs.
A. puts B. put
C. to put
(2020年湖南湘西州中考题)
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30. —Will you go to the movies tomorrow?
—If you don’t go, .
A. neither do I B. neither won’t I
C. neither will I
(2020年黑龙江绥化市中考题)
解析：“neither+助动词+主语”意为“……也不……”，表示与前者情况相同；从句用一般现在时表示将来含义，主句用一般将来时，所以此处助动词用 will。
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31. —I have never been to Beijing, Lisa.
— .
A. Neither am I. B. Neither I am.
C. Neither have I. D. Neither I have.
(2020年西藏自治区中考题)
32. — is the new library from your home?
—About 30 minutes on foot.
A. How much B. How long
C. How far D. How high
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33. on the grass, or it will “cry”.
A. Not walk B. Doesn’t walk
C. Don’t walk D. Not to walk
34. —I’m excited about the coming football match this weekend.
— .
A. So I am. B. So am I.
C. So I do. D. So do I.
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35. There is little salt in the bottle, ?
A. is there B. isn’t there
C. isn’t it D. is it
36. I don’t think the new film is as interesting as people say, ?
A. do you B. don’t you
C. is it D. isn’t it
解析：本题考查否定前移的反意疑问句用法。当句子中含有 I think / believe / suppose 时，附加疑问句部分要根据从句来确定，其主语要与从句的主语保持一致，注意否定的转移。故答案选 C。
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1. It is a lovely dog, ?
A. aren’t they B. doesn’t it
C. isn’t it
(2020年广西柳州市中考题)
2. —Look, the plants are green and the flowers are opening.
—Yes, it’s spring now. nice season!
A. How B. What
C. What a D. How a
(2020年广西玉林市中考题)
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3. —Will you go to the English corner tonight?
—If you go, .
A. so will I B. so do I
C. so I will
(2020年广西柳州市二模试题)
4. nice weather it is! Let’s go out for a picnic.
A. What B. How
C. What a
(2019年广西桂林市中考题)
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5. —Look at my new dress.
—Wow! beautiful it is!
A. How B. How a
C. What D. What a
(2019年广西北部湾经济区中考题)
6. —Wow! clean air we have today!
—Yes. Look! A lot of adults are doing kung fu over there.
A. How B. What a
C. How a D. What
(2019年广西玉林市中考题)
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7. — students are there in your class?
—Fifty.
A. How many B. How much
C. How long D. How far
(2018年广西梧州市中考题)
8. — beautiful shoes she is wearing!
—I think so.
A. What B. What a
C. How D. How a
(2018年广西百色市中考题)
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9. —Most of us have all worked very hard over the last three years.
—Yes. unusual journey we have.
A. How B. What
C. How an D. What an
(2017年广西玉林市、崇左市中考题)
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