2021年中考复习人教版第二篇第三部分第36讲主谓一致课件38张

第36讲 主谓一致
第三部分 句法
在英语中，谓语动词在人称和数上必须和主语保持一致。它通常有三种原则，见下表：
续 表
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续 表
{5FD0F851-EC5A-4D38-B0AD-8093EC10F338}考点盘点
1.语法一致 2. 意义一致 3. 就近一致
命题聚焦
语法一致：主要考查谓语动词与句子的主语在语法形式上是否保持一致。
意义一致：主要考查谓语动词与主语所表达的概念是否保持一致。
就近一致：主要考查谓语动词的数与它紧邻的名词或代词的数是否保持一致。
例1 There a computer and some books on the teacher’s desk.
A. is B. are
C. be
(2020年广西桂林市中考题)
【解析】 There be 句型中的 be 动词的单复数由与之最接近的名词的单复数来决定。 There be 句型不能与 have/ has 混用。由于句中离谓语最近的主语是 a computer，是第三人称单数，所以 be 动词要用 is。句意：老师的桌子上有一台电脑和一些书。故答案选 A。
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例2 Not only Sam but also his parents coming to China soon.
A. is B. are
C. were
(2020年广西柳州市中考题)
【解析】 由“not only...but also...”，“either...or...”，“neither...nor...”等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的形式要根据与谓语最近的主语来确定。由句意“不仅是萨姆，而且他的父母很快也要来中国”可知此处是用现在进行时表示将来含义，排除选项 C；句中“not only...but also...”连接两个主语，意为“不仅……而且……”，离谓语最近的主语 his parents 为复数，根据“就近原则”可知 be 动词应用 are。故答案选 B。
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例3 My family for dinner now. We’re busy.
A. is preparing B. are preparing
C. prepares
(2020年黑龙江绥化市中考题)
【解析】 由句中时间状语 now 可知，要用现在进行时，排除选项 C。根据“We’re busy.”可知此处 my family 强调的是家庭成员，谓语动词 be 要用复数形式 are。若 family 强调的是家庭的整体概念，则谓语动词用单数形式。句意：我的家人现在正在准备晚餐。我们很忙。故答案选 B。
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例4 This pair of trousers smooth because they are made of Chinese silk.
A. feels B. feel
C. is felt D. are felt
(2020年江苏泰州市中考题)
【解析】 主语有 pair 修饰，谓语动词的单复数形式由 pair 的单复数决定。根据句中 this pair of 可知谓语动词应用单数形式，排除选项 B 和 D；因为 feel 是系动词，没有被动语态，所以排除选项 C。句意：这条裤子摸起来很光滑，因为是用中国丝绸制作的。故答案选 A。
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例5 So far, the number of people using 5G mobile phones a lot.
A. is increasing B. are increasing
C. has increased D. have increased
(2020年湖北孝感市中考题)
【解析】 根据时间状语 So far 可知，句子要用现在完成时，排除选项 A 和 B；又根据主语是“the number of...”，表示“……的数量”，所以后面的谓语动词用单数形式，排除选项 D。句意：到目前为止，使用5G 手机的人数已经增加了很多。故答案选 C。
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例6 —I called you last night but no one answered the phone.
—I with my parents a TV programme about celebrating the 20th anniversary of Macao’s return to China.
A. was watching B. watched C. have watched D. were watching
(2020年内蒙古呼和浩特市中考题)
【解析】 根据上文 I called you last night but no one answered the phone 可知，此处表示电话响的时候第二个说话者正在做的事，表示过去某一时段正在进行的动作应用过去进行时。主语中心词之后有 with, together, as well as, like, but, except 等修饰语时，谓语动词的数与其前面的中心词保持一致。主语 I 是第一人称单数，所以此处谓语动词要用“was +现在分词”结构。句意：——我昨晚打电话给你，但是没有人接电话。——我和父母在看一个关于庆祝澳门回归祖国20周年的电视节目。故答案选 A。
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例7 A survey of the opinions of experts that three hours of outdoor exercise a week good for our health.
A. show; are B. shows; is
C. show; is D. shows; are
(2020年内蒙古呼和浩特市中考题)
【解析】 主句的主语 A survey of the opinions of experts 为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式 shows；时间、距离、金钱、重量等作主语时，通常把它们看作一个整体，其谓语动词用单数形式。在本题从句中把 three hours of outdoor exercise 看成一个整体，be 动词应用 is。句意：一项专家意见的调查显示，每周3小时的户外运动对我们的健康有好处。故答案选 B。
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例8 Spending time with families the happiest thing.
A. are B. is
C. be
(2020年黑龙江龙东地区中考题)
【解析】 动名词或动名词短语作主语时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。句中主语 spending time with families 为动名词短语，谓语要用第三人称单数形式 is。句意：和家人在一起是最幸福的事情。故答案选 B。
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例9 Eighty percent of the students in this school three to five times a week.
A. exercises B. exercise
C. exercising
(2019年黑龙江绥化市中考题)
【解析】 根据 three to five times a week 可知，句子用一般现在时。“分数或者百分数+of+名词”作主语，谓语动词的数与 of 后面的名词保持一致；students 是复数，所以谓语动词也要用复数形式。句意：这所学校80%的学生一周锻炼三到五次。故答案选 B。
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例10 Each of us a life goal, which will guide us to a bright future.
A. has B. have
C. will have D. had
(2019年江苏盐城市中考题)
【解析】 根据语境，确定时态是一般现在时。一般现在时的构成：主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数形式；each of us 意为“我们每个人”，此处真正作主语的是 each，所以谓语动词用单数形式。句意：我们每个人都有一个人生的目标，这将引导我们拥有光明的未来。故答案选 A。
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例11 of the couple likes playing the instruments. But of them can play the violin well.
A. Either; both B. Both; either
C. Either; neither
(2019年黑龙江龙东地区中考题)
【解析】 either 意为“两者中任何一个”，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式；both 意为“两者都”，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式；neither 意为“两者中没有一个”，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。根据谓语动词 likes 是第三人称单数形式可知，不能用 both，排除 B 项；句中 But 表示转折，所以第二空应填 neither，表示否定。句意：这对夫妇都喜欢演奏乐器，但是他们俩都拉不好小提琴。故答案选 C。
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1. — an amusement center, some restaurants and hundreds of stores in the shopping mall.
—Wow, it’s amazing. I will go next week.
A. There is B. There are
C. There will be
(2020年青海省中考题)
2. There more than two ways to solve this maths problem.
A. am B. is
C. are D. be
(2020年上海市中考题)
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3. There only a few things in the room, like a bed, some chairs and an old desk.
A. was B. were
C. is
(2020年湖北恩施州中考题)
4. On the left of the playground the library. There many books and computers in it.
A. are; is B. is; are
C. are; are D. is; is
(2020年黑龙江大庆市中考题)
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5. Fresh water more important than anything else.
A. is B. are
C. was D. were
(2020年辽宁丹东市中考题)
6. —Ma Yun as well as Ren Zhengfei tons of attention wherever they go.
—Yeah, they are very successful. We believe that struggle(奋斗) creates history and hard work makes a future.
A. gets; brightly B. get; bright
C. gets; bright D. get; brightly
(2020年四川达州市中考题)
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7. To the west of our school some bookstores and a park.
A. lies B. lie
C. has D. have
(2020年江苏常州市中考题)
解析：这是一个倒装句，句子的主语是 some bookstores and a park, 故排除 A 和 C 两项；lie 意为“坐落”，结合语境可知答案选 B。
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8. As we all know, using public chopsticks necessary when we eat with others.
A. is
B. are
C. was
(2020年贵州安顺市中考题)
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9. Not only Jim but also his sister a few cities in the south since they came to China.
A. have visited B. has visited
C. visited D. visits
(2020年甘肃天水市中考题)
10. The Great Wall is a place of interest. All of us there before.
A. has been B. have been
C. has gone D. have gone
(2020年贵州毕节市中考题)
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11. There a large bowl of jiaozi on the table.
A. is B. are
C. be
(2019年福建省中考题)
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12. —The talent show Youth with You (《青春有你》) is becoming hotter and hotter online.
—Exactly. Half of our class interested in it recently.
A. is B. are
C. was
(2020年黑龙江牡丹江市中考题)
解析：“half of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词与名词的单复数保持一致。此处 our class 强调班上的同学们，是复数概念，故 be 动词用 are。
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13. Either the students or the teacher him very well.
A. knows B. to know
C. know D. knew
(2019年甘肃天水市中考题)
14. Not only you but also I interested in the cartoon called Peppa Pig.
A. am B. is
C. are
(2019年四川广元市中考题)
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15. —What’s in the picture on the wall?
—There a teacher and some students playing soccer on the playground.
A. has B. are
C. is D. have
(2019年四川凉山州中考题)
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16. of the students in our class going to the summer camp in Beijing next week.
A. Two fifths; is B. Second fifths; are
C. Second fifths; is D. Two fifths; are
(2019年甘肃天水市中考题)
解析：用英语表示分数时，分子用基数词，分母用序数词，故排除 B 和 C 两项；“分数+of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的形式取决于 of 后的名词，此处 the students 是复数，所以第二空填 are。
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17. I think physics more interesting than maths.
A. be B. are
C. is D. were
18. How time flies! Three years passed.
A. has B. have
C. is
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19. One of my friends moved to Canada, and I miss him so much.
A. is B. are
C. has D. have
解析：“one of+名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式，结合语境可知此处填 has。
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20. Everybody except Harry and Susan in the classroom now.
A. read B. reads
C. are reading D. is reading
解析：中心词是 everybody，except 后跟的是修饰语，所以谓语动词应用单数形式，结合句意可知应选 D。
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1. Both Mike and his sister Lucy good at Chinese.
A. is B. am
C. are D. be
(2020年广西北部湾经济区Ⅱ卷中考题)
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2. Tina with her classmates in the library when the rainstorm came.
A. is reading B. are reading
C. was reading D. were reading
(2020年广西河池市一模试题)
解析：谓语动词的形式取决于中心词 Tina，with 短语是修饰语。此外要特别注意 when 后从句的时态是一般过去时，因此主句也要用过去时。
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3. Neither my sister nor I been to Xi’an before.
A. have never B. have ever
C. has never D. has ever
(2019年广西百色市中考题)
4. —Alice, which season do you like best?
—Autumn. The fallen are like a thick blanket on the ground. What beautiful scenery it is!
A. leaf B. leafs
C. leaves D. fruit
(2019年广西河池市一模试题)
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5. Each of us WeChat(微信)nowadays, even the old people.
A. plays B. play
C. playing D. played
(2018年广西河池市中考题)
6. —Can you tell me something about your school library?
—Sure. There two big reading rooms in it. We can read books there after school.
A. is B. are
C. was D. were
(2017年广西河池市中考题)
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