2021届 高考英语二轮复习 简单句基本结构考点解析 课件(19张ppt)

高考英语二轮英语基本句型
句子的三种层次：
简单句：只有一个主谓结构。有且只有一个动词。
复合句
简化句
简 单 句
We are sitting in the sun.
We can see snow-covered hills.
复 合 句
We are sitting here in the sun, and we can see snow-covered hills.
As we sit here in the sun, we can see snow-covered hills.
简 化 句
Sitting here in the sun, we can see snow-covered hills.
不同的排列组合，英文句子变化多端。但，简化句也好，复合句也罢，都可以拆分成为2个以上的单句。因此，搞清楚单句的五种基本形式，将为长难句的拆分学习打下坚实的基础，抓住句子的主干也不成问题。
五种基本句型
S+V
S+V+O
S+V+O+O
S+V+C
S+V+O+C
S subject 主语：句子的主体。动作发出者。
V verb 动词：主语怎么样或者做了什么
O object 宾语（受词，动作的承受者）
C complement 补语
S+V（Vi）
She laughed.
He talked too much.
The dog barked at the mailman.
The President has gone abroad on a visit.
※本篇PPT讲解的简单句分类，取台湾旋元佑语法书中的划分方式，笔者认为，这种划分方式较人教版教材更为简洁。
人教教材必修一P6将此句划分为SVA A代表副词，起修饰V的作用
S
V
S
S
S
V
V
V
此句型中的动词为Vi （不及物动词）
S+V（Vt）+O
I miss my grandma.
The dog bit the mailman.
The magician（魔法师） moved his fingers quickly.
Don’t you like dancing?
S
S
S
S
V
V
V
V
O
O
O
O
此句型中动词为vt（及物动词）
S+V+O+O
He told us a funny story.
My mom bought me a new dictionary.
He told his guests a dirty joke at the party.
The child asks her mother a million questions a day.
S
S
S
S
V
V
V
V
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
S+V+O+O句型中两个宾语（受词）必须人在前，物在后，S+ V + Sb.+ Sth.
I gave him a jar of honey.
I gave a jar of honey to him.
I teach my son English.
I teach English to my son.
当物体放在前面的时候，句型自动变成了S+V+O,此时的to sb 这个介词短语作副词使用，修饰前面的动词。
S
S
S
S
V
V
V
V
O
O
O
O
O
O
S+V+C：
He is a soldier.
The teacher was kind and friendly.
That sounds like a good idea.
The company has gone bankrupt.
人教版必修一P6或其他语法书，常称此结构为主系表结构(SP)。此系列语法PPT以台湾旋文佑语法书为核心，在此沿用S+V+C定义
S
S
S
S
V
V
V
V
C
C
C
C
S+V+C：
补语：
如动词翻译为各种各样的是，听起来是、像是、
变成是、成为、证实为等，这种动词就是连系动词Linking verbs，跟在它后面表述句意的就是补语。
此句型中补语可称为主语补语：
句意的核心，告诉读者主语是什么
That purse looks pretty.
That purse is pretty.
The man became a big star.
The man is a big star.
Your suggestion sounds exciting
Your suggestion is exciting
The schoolmates stayed friends for life.
The schoolmates were friends for life.
S+V+C句型最简单的检验方法：
把动词换为be动词，意思相差不大
linking verbs 系动词/连系动词/连缀动词
1 表状态 be(am/is/are)
2 感官动词 feel, smell, sound, taste
3 表“看起来像” 主要有seem, appear, look等等
4 表持续 keep, remain, stay, lie, stand
5 表变化 become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run,make.
6 表终止，主要有prove, turn out, "证实"，"变成"之意
S+V+O+C
The teacher found the classroom empty.
I consider your friend quite a gentleman.
The partnership made the schoolmates friends for life.
I left the key under the mat.
The pilot brought the plane down.
S
S
S
S
V
V
V
V
V
O
O
O
O
O
C
C
C
C
C
S
检验S+V+O+C句型最简便的方法：
宾语和补语拿出来，中间加be动词，意思和原句差不多。
I find the purse is pretty.
The purse is pretty.
The tip made the question easy.
The question is easy.
Practice
His daughter felt sorry for him. She often had dreams at night. In the dreams she found the new house finished. It looks magnificent. She told her father the dream. He liked it very much. To Chen the dream seemed an excellent sign. One day he would finish the new house. The family would all live happily in it.
解答
His daughter felt sorry for him.
She often had dreams at night.
In the dreams she found the new house finished.
It looks magnificent.
S
S
S
S
V
C
V
V
O
C
O
C
V
解答
She told her father the dream.
He liked it very much.
To Chen the dream seemed an excellent sign.
One day he would finish the new house.
The family would all live happily in it.
S
O
V
O
S
V
O
S
V
C
S
S
V
O
V