2021届高考英语二轮复习 短文改错解专题解析 课件(43张ppt)

高考英语二轮
短文改错解题策略

短文改错题检测同学们发现、判断、纠正文章错误的能力.进而考察同学们的词法、句法及行文逻辑等方面的水平，考察同学们在语篇中综合运用英语语言的能力。同学们英语水平的高低完全可以从这一题型体现出来。然而很多同学对该题感到束手无策，关键在于找不到错误、不会找错误。那么怎样找错误、发现错误就成了解题的关键。所以我们今天就来讲讲这一题型的解法。
{5C22544A-7EE6-4342-B048-85BDC9FD1C3A}试卷
名
词
动
词
非
谓
形
/副
代
词
介
词
数
词
连
词
冠
词
从句
引导词
19卷I
2
1
1
2
1
0
0
1
1
1
19卷II
1
1
1
4
0
1
1
1
0
0
19卷III
1
2
2
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
18卷I
1
1
1
3
0
1
0
1
1
1
18卷II
2
3
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
18卷III
1
2
2
2
1
0
0
1
0
1
17卷I
1
2
0
3
0
1
1
1
1
0
17卷II
1
1
1
3
1
1
0
0
1
1
17卷III
0
3
0
2
1
1
0
1
1
1
2017-2018年全国卷短文改错
考查情况一览表
Any rules?
Any requirements?
How to correct?
Solve them!
Proof reading rules:
One missing word
One unnecessary word
Eight wrongs.
Ten mistakes altogether.
You can't get any more grades since the eleventh one even if it's correct!
1.改动以最少为原则;
2.虚词以添加或删除为原则;
3.实词以改变词形为原则;
4.以保持句子原意为原则；
5.核对改正的语法项目是否有重复，因为短文改错往往覆盖面广，一般不会出现重复考查某个语法点的现象.
注意：格式错, 零分！
特别要求
少一词
多一词
8个错词
I play piano every day.
∧
the
I have a supper at 6.
I buy a book yesterday.
bought
How to correct a passage?
一.先通读全文。认真阅读短文，在做题之前确保已经弄清原文大意。根据短文大意和上下文逻辑关系，对文章进行逐字逐句的分析，检查句子结构是否完整，语气是否连贯并确定文章的总体时态。
二、综合运用所学语言知识，根据各行不同的错误情况分别进行答题-----
减1词,加1词和改8词
Proof reading jingle(顺口溜)
动词形、名词数，还要注意形和副；
代词格，需领悟，非谓动词要记住；
冠词连词常光顾；
习惯用法及介词，引导词错误需关注。
Detailed skills
I. 动词形：谓语动词的时态和语态错误以及主谓不一致的错误。通常整篇都是过去时态，突然来一个句子用现在时，其中又以一般现在时和过去时互改为多。
1. During my last winter holidy, I went to the countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there.
2. I didn't realize how right my parents are until I entered high school.
3. It was Monday morning and the writing class had just begin.
4. But once I started the car, my mind goes blank.
found
were
begun
went
II. 名词数：
本来要用复数，却用单数；本来该用单数，却用复数。本来是可数名词，却用不可数名词的修饰词，本来是不可数名词，却用可数名词的修饰词。
改正方法：
1）根据名词前面的修饰限定成分；
2）根据上下文的逻辑关系。
words
1. After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room.
2.The classroom is a place for learning and that includes learning from textbooks and mistake as well.
3.The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up!” “Slow down!” “Turn left!”
4. Besides, they often get some useful informations from the Internet.
sorts
mistakes
information
III. 还要注意形和副 注意形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。如系动词am/is /are/was /were或名词前用_______；修饰行为动词、形容词、副词、过去分词及整个句子用_____。特别要注意以-ed和 -ing结尾的一类词的用法区别。
命题要求及改正方法：主要考查形容词副词的误用，形容词副词的原级、比较级和最高级等等。
形容词
副词
1. I felt happily that their life had improved.
2. I was afraid to speak in front of a larger group of people.
3. Immediate, I raised my hand.
4. A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car.
happy
large
Immediately
later
later adv. 以后，过后，后来，随后
late adv.晚，迟，后期地，最近地
IV.代词格，需领悟
命题特点：
1）女性指代男性或相反；
2）单数指代复数或相反；
3）代词词性误用
改正方法：联系上下文的逻辑关系
代词的错误特点：
1）人称代词的偷换错误
2）缺少人称代词的错误；
3）人称代词数的一致性问题；
4）人称代词格的一致性问题
1. They would say to us that playing card games woud help my brain.
2. I had done myself work, but I was shy.
3. The picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.
4. Aunt Jane is so strict with his son.
me
my
my
her
V.非谓语动词要记住
非谓语动词包括现在分词、过去分词、动名词和不定式
命题特点：
1）谓语动词与非谓语动词的错用；
2）动词不定式和动名词的错用；
3）现在分词和过去分词的错用。
改正方法：
1）分清是否为谓语动词；
2）根据固定用法或习惯搭配选用不定式或动名词；
3）根据主被动确定用现在分词还是过去分词。
1. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish.
2. When summer comes, they will invite their students pick the vegetables.
3. Gathered around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people.
4. Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph.
∧
selling
to
Gathering
waiting
VI.冠词连词常光顾
英语中冠词只有三个，只能从以下几个方向出题：
1）不定冠词a， an互换；
2）不定冠词a, an和定冠词 the互改；
3）根据需要增删冠词。
4）连词and,but, or, so常考意思及用法错误
1. It takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day.
2. As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons.
3. I told my father that I planned to return every two years, but he agreed.
4. It is in the downtown, but it is easy to go anywhere from the hotel by bus.
an
a
and
so
VII.习惯用法及介词要记住
主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识，其错误表现形式主要有三种：多词、少词和搭配错误。介词涉及搭配错误，因此要从以下方面确定错误：
1）介词的基本用法：其后要接宾语：
2）固定搭配要记牢。
1. I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, and he agreed.
2.Still I was unwilling to play the games for them sometimes.
3. It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on the road.
4. Every day he spends too much time for his work.
with
of
on
VIII.从句引导词错误需关注
我们总共学过三类从句：
名词性从句---主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句
形容词性从句---定语从句
副词性从句---状语从句

定语从句的引导词
{5C22544A-7EE6-4342-B048-85BDC9FD1C3A}词类
词
指代及充当成分
省略可否
限制性
非限制性
关
系
代
词
which
指物，主语，宾语
宾语可省
√
√
that
指人/物，主语、宾语、表语
宾语可省
√
×
who
指人，主语，宾语
宾语可省
√
√
whom
指人，宾语
可省
√
√
whose
指人/物，定语
不可省略
√
√
as
指人/物, 主语、宾语
不可省略
√
√
关系
副词
when
指时间，时间状语
不可省略
√
√
where
指地点，地点状语
不可省略
√
√
why
指原因，原因状语
不可省略
√
×
I might come a little late. In this/that case, please wait for me for a few minutes.
I might come a little late, in which case, please wait for me for a few minutes.
in this/that case那样的话，在那种情况下
in which case 那样的话，在那种情况下
（which作定语，引导非限制性定语从句）
名词性从句的引导词
{5C22544A-7EE6-4342-B048-85BDC9FD1C3A}分类
词类
意思
充当成分
连
接
词
that
无意义
不充当成分
if/whether
是否
不充当成分
as if/as though
似乎
不充当成分
连
接
代
词
what, whatever
什么，无论什么(无疑问)
主语、宾语、表语、定语
who, whoever
谁， 无论谁(无疑问)
主语、宾语
whom, whomever
谁， 无论谁(无疑问)
宾语
whose, whosever
谁的，无论谁的(无疑问)
定语、表语
which, whichever
哪一个，无论哪一个(无疑问)
主语、宾语、表语、定语
连接副词
when
什么时间
时间状语
where
什么地点
地点状语
how
什么方式
方式状语
why
为什么
原因状语
状语从句的引导词
{5C22544A-7EE6-4342-B048-85BDC9FD1C3A}名称
主要引导词
时间
as, while, when, whenever, before, after, until, till, since, as soon as
地点
where, wherever
方式
as, just as, as if, as though, the way (that), in the way (that)
原因
because>as=since>now that>for>considering that>seeing that
目的
in order that, so that(从句有情态动词或将来时态), for fear that, in case
结果
so, so … that, such … that; so that ( 放后面，常用过去时态)
条件
if, unless=if...not (除非), as / so long as (只要), on condition (只要), once ( 一旦), in case (假使) , providing/provided that
让步
though, although, even if, even though, no matter what, no matter who
no matter which , no matter where, no matter when, no matter how
比较
as …as, not so /as … as, more/less … than, the +比较级, the +比较级
从句引导词错误主要表现
1. 不同从句的引导词混用；
2.代词和副词混用；
3. 定语从句that和which乱用。

引导词改错从以下方面入手：
1. 首先判断属于哪一类从句。
2.确定从句中引导词的位置应该用代词还是副词。
3. 确定代词或副词的用法是否正确，尤其是定语从句。
1. They also had a small pond which they raised fish.
2. They are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house.
3.The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.
where
which
when
三、反复通读，复查验证。
1.核对错项时，若的确有一时难以改出的地方，可以参考所改动项是否基本符合“1：1：8”的比例, 即多词1个，缺词1个，错词8个。
2.核对改正的语法项目是否有重复。因为短文改错往往覆盖面广，一般不会出现重复考查某个语法点的现象。
3.核对答题符号是否规范，位置是否准确，看看有无遗漏符号，忽略字母大小写和拼写等问题。
Let's have a try!
2017全国I卷 In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took driving lessons. I still remember how hard first day was. Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor's orders, so once I started the car, my mind goes blank. I forgot what he had said to me altogether. The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up!” “Slow down! “Turning left!” I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left. A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road.
2017全国II卷 Mr and Mrs Zhang all work in our school. They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day. In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house. They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together. They have also bought for some gardening tools. Beside, they often get some useful informations from the internet. When summer came, they will invite their students pick the vegetables.
2017全国III卷 When I look at the picture of myself, I realize of how fast time flies. I had grown not only physically and also mentally in the past few years. About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club. Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time, car magazines and musical instruments. I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the late music albums. This picture brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.
2018全国I卷 During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grand-parents. I find a change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals. Last winter when I went here again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. They also had a small pond, which they raised fish, My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. I felt happily that their life had inproved. At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, but he agreed.
2018全国II卷 When I was little, Friday's night was our family game night. After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room. As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not to let me. They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain. Still I unwilling to play the games for them sometimes. I didn't realize how right my parents are until I entered high school. The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.
2018年全国III卷 It was Monday morning and the writing class had just begin. Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud. Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity; others were nervous and anxious. I had done myself homework, but I was shy. I was afraid that to speak in front of a larger group of people. At that moment, I remembered that my father once said, “The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks, and mistake as well.’ Immediate, I raised my hand.
2019全国I卷 I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident. One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. Suddenly football fell just in front of me but almost hit me. I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground. To everyone`s surprising, the ball went into the net. All the football player on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football. From now on, I started to play my football with classmates after school. I am a good player now.
2019年全国II卷 Since I was a kid, I`ve considered different job I would like to do. First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so coolly. Then, when I was in the five grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher too much. When I studied chemistry high school, I reconsidered my goal or decided to be a doctor. They were two reasons for the decision. One was that I was amazing at the fact that a sick person could feel much more better after seeing a doctor. And the other is that I wanted to help people in need.
2019全国 III 卷 I’ve had many dreams since I was a child. Now my dream is to opens a cafe. Though it may appear simple, it required a lot of ideas and efforts. What I want is not just an ordinarily cafe but a very special one. I want my cafe have a special theme such as like “Tang Dynasty”. In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment what is created for them. If I succeed in manage one, I will open more. I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different city. Each of my cafes will have a different theme and an unique style.
参考答案
2017年全国I卷
1.eighteen-eighteenth 2. first之前加the/my 3.so--but
4. goes---went 5. word--words 6. Turning--Turn 7. much省略 8.late--later 9. suddenly--sudden 10. on--of

2017年全国II卷
1. all--both 2. a--an 3. interesting--interested 4. that--which
5. earlier--early 6.bought 之后省略 for 7. beside--besides
8. informations--information 9. came---comes 10. pick 之前加to

2017年全国III卷
1. realize 之后的of 去掉 2.had--have 3. and--but 4. took--taken 5. become--became 6. picture之前加the/this 7. they--which/that
8. difference--different 9. late--latest 10. your--my
参考答案
2018年全国I卷
1. countryside 前加the 2. find--found 3. another--other 4.here--there
5. chicken-chickens 6.which--where 7. sell--selling 8.happily--happy
9. for 去掉 10. but--and
2018年全国II卷
1.Friday's--Friday 2. sort--sorts 3. the-a 4. watching-watch 5. let之前to省略
6. us--me 7. unwilling之前加was 8. for--with 9. are--were 10. where-when
2018年全国III卷
1. begin--begun 2. wait--waiting 3. take 之前加to 4. myself--my
5. that省略 6.larger--large 7. that--what 8. include--includes
9. mistake--mistakes 10.immediate--immediately
2019年全国 I卷
1.interesting-interested 2.where-when 3. football之前加a 4. but-and 5.hardly-hard
6.surprising-surprise 7. player-players 8. say-saying 9.now-then 10.my删除
2019年全国 II 卷
1. job--jobs 2. coolly--cool 3. five-fifth 4.too-very/so 5. high 前加in/at
6.or--and 7. they--there 8. amazing--amazed 9. better 前去more 10.is--was
2019年全国III 卷
1.opens-open 2. required--require 3.ordinarily--ordinary 4. have 前加to
5. like去掉 6.yourselves--yourself 7. what--that/which 8. manage--managing 9. city--cities 10. an-a
Thank you