2021届高考英语二轮复习 完形填空专题解析 课件(13张ppt)

高考英语二轮完形填空专题解析
牛刀小试
举例说明
解题技巧解读
A
B
C
Contents
目
录
小结
D
完形填空考查目的
完形填空全面考查阅读理解能力和总体语言水平。测试目的是考查大家对语篇语意的连贯性和运用语言的准确性，以及考查大家对上下文的精细理解和缜密的逻辑判断能力。
Part 1 解题技巧
根据完形填空的考查目标，我们应该怎样应对?
通过上下文的语义关联进行考虑，包括：
1. 空格所在句子内部之间的语义关联。
2. 空格所在句子上文的语义关联。
3. 空格所在句子下文的语义关联。
提醒大家注意：完形填空通过上下文的语义关联来解题，没有上下文根据的选项往往不是正确答案，也就是说正确选项原文必有依据。
空格所在句子内部语义关联
例一
The glaciers(冰川) are disappearing, changing the 23 of Kilimanjaro.（2019年高考全国一卷）
23．A．position B．age C．face D．name
第23个空格所在句子前面部分The glaciers(冰川) are disappearing意为冰川正在消失，推断出改变了乞力马扎罗山的面貌。故选C。
Part 2 举例说明
空格所在句子内部语义关联
例二
I find a 27 mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths.
（2019年高考全国一卷）
27．A．remote B．quiet C．tall D．clean
第27个空格所在句子后面部分with toilets at camps and along the paths意为“在露营区和上山路上都有厕所”，推断出“发现了一个干净的山峰”。故选D clean “干净的”。
Part 2 举例说明
空格所在句子上文语义关联
例一
Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They 21 with them lots of waste. The 22 might damage the beauty of the place.（2019年高考全国一卷）
21．A．keep B．mix C．connect D．bring
22．A．stories B．buildings C．crowds D．reporters
第21个空格所在句子上一句的信息about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro意为大约4万人尝试去爬乞力马扎罗山。故选D。第22空也是根据上文的about 40,000 people 推断出选crowds“人群”。
Part 2 举例说明
空格所在句子上文语义关联
例二 However, I soon discover that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of camps among tons of rubbish. I find a clean mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are 28 but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be paying off.（2019年高考全国一卷）
28．A．new B．special C．significant D．necessary
根据本段第一句中信息disturbing reports of camps among tons of rubbish 以及第一段的They bring with them lots of waste.。可以推断出环境的挑战任务重大的，significant这里意为“重大的” 。
空格所在句子下文语义关联
The best of a Kilimanjaro 30 , in my opinion, isn’t reaching the top. Mountains are regarded as spiritual places by many cultures. This view is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as climbers go through five ecosystems(生态系统) in the space of a few kilometers. （2019年高考全国一卷）
30．A．atmosphere B．experience C．experiment D．sight
根据下一句中信息as climbers go through five ecosystems，登山者穿过5个生态系统，因此爬乞力马扎罗山最好的经历不是到达山顶，是上山的过程。
Part 2 举例说明
Above 4, 000 meters is the highland 37 : gravel(砾石), stones and rocks. Finally you climb into an arctic-like zone with 39 snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear. （2019年高考全国一卷）
37．A．village B．desert C．road D．lake
39．A．permanent B．little C．fresh D．artificial
第37个空格所在句子后面部分gravel(砾石), stones and rocks可以推断出是高山荒漠。desert除了有“沙漠” 还有“荒漠”之意。故选B 。39空根据空格前面的climb into an arctic-like zone 像北极一样的地区可以推断出选A permanent意为“永久的”
Part3 牛刀小试1
The best of a Kilimanjaro experience, in my opinion, isn’t reaching the top. Mountains are regarded as spiritual places by many cultures. This 32 is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as climbers go through five ecosystems(生态系统) in the space of a few kilometers. （2019年高考全国一卷）
32．A．view B．quality C．reason D．purpose
32题A选项view意为“观点”，是指上文本段第一句作者的观点“in my opinion”。
Part3 牛刀小试2
Ehlers thought about the small dog he had seen 22 alongside the road. He had tried to coax(哄) the dog to him but, frightened, it had run off . （2019年高考全国一卷）
22．A．fighting B．trembling C．eating D．sleeping
22题可能D选项有干扰性，但根据后面一句He tried to coax the dog to him可知狗没有在睡觉，应选B trembling 发抖的。
Part3 牛刀小试3
完形填空考查对篇章的整体把握，因此，在解题是时刻记住找句子内部的语义关联，上文的语义关联，下文的语义关联，或者通过上下文篇章来寻求解题线索。
Part 4 小结