2021年中考英语二轮语法专题06 万物有名-名词 课件(共46张PPT) + 练习

文档属性

名称 2021年中考英语二轮语法专题06 万物有名-名词 课件(共46张PPT) + 练习
格式 zip
文件大小 4.4MB
资源类型 试卷
版本资源 通用版
科目 英语
更新时间 2021-03-18 18:46:13

文档简介

(共46张PPT)
中考二轮复习
名词
通用版
九年级
中考英语复习语法专题
万物有名

名词
通用版
2021
2021年3月
目录
CONTENTS
名词的分类
A
名词的数
B
名词的格
C
名词化
D
ps.
限定词
E
名词的分类
PART
01
了解名词
01
名词的分类

意义划分
普通名词
专有名词
个体名词
集体名词
物质名词
抽象名词
可数名词
不可数名词
名词的分类

普通名词
可数名词
不可数名词
个体名词
集体名词
物质名词
抽象名词
student
people
air
youth
desk
family
paper
progress
city
police
glass
freedom
tree
class
meat
health
名词的分类

专有名词
分类
示例
人名、国名、地名
Martin
China
the
Great
Wall
语言
Chinese
English
German
星期、月份、节日
Monday
June
the
Spring
Festival
影视书刊名
The
Times
Titanic
Journey
to
the
West
团体、机构、协会
Project
Hope
Wild
Aid
品牌、赛事、战役
The
World
Cup
The
Second
World
War
称谓、个人头衔
Miss
Mr.
Doctor
Wang
名词的分类

形式划分
简单名词
复合名词
连写
连字符连接
分开写
两个或两个以上单词构成
football
homework
pencil-box
flower
pot
sun
hat
名词的数
PART
02
数量表达
02
可数与不可数
通常情况下,能用具体数目计算的名词是可数名词,否则就是不可数名词。
可数名词有单复数形式变化。
可数名词的单数没有限定词(冠词、形容词性物主代词、指示代词等)不能单独使用。
不可数名词在某些具体环境中作可数名词用,如咖啡店点三份咖啡,可能说three
coffees;一场大雨
a
heavy
rain等。
可数名词与不可数名词的区别
类别
可数名词
不可数名词
定义
可用具体数目计算的名词
不可以用数目计算的名词
形式
有单数和复数两种形式
无单数和复数变化
量的表达
可以用不定冠词a(an)或数词表示量
不可以用不定冠词a(an)或数词表示量
主谓关系
单数名词作主语时,必须有限定词,谓语动词用单三;
复数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;
作主语时,谓语动词用单三形式。
可数名词单数变复数的一般规则
构成方法
读音
示例
一般情况,在名词末尾加?s
在清辅音后读/s/;
在浊辅音和元音后读/z/;
在t
后读
/ts/;
在d后读/dz/
book→
books
chair

chairs
student→
students
bed→
beds
以s,
x,
sh,
ch结尾的名词,在词尾加?es
读/iz/
bus→
buses
watch→
watches
box→
boxes
brush→
brushes
以辅音字母加y
结尾,变y为i
再加?es
读/iz/
city→
cities
family→
families
可数名词单数变复数的一般规则
构成方法
读音
示例
部分以f(e)
结尾,变f(e)为v再加?es
读/vz/
leaf→
leaves
wolf→
wolves
wife→
wives
knife→
knives
以ce,
se,
ze,
(d)ge结尾,加?s
读/iz/
face→
faces
orange→
oranges
以o结尾表示有生命的名词,在词尾加?es;以o结尾表示无生命的名词,在词尾加?s
读/z/
hero→
heroes
radio→
radios
photo→
photos
可数名词单数变复数的不规则变化
构成方法
示例
元音或词尾发生变化
man→
men,woman→
women,
foot→
feet,
tooth→
teeth,
child→
children,
Frenchman→
Frenchmen
mouse

mice,
ox
→oxen
单复数同形
sheep→
sheep,fish→
fish
deer→
deer,
Chinese→
Chinese
复合名词变复数的变化规则
有主体名词(起主导作用),变复数时只变主体名词。
apple
tree

apple
trees
brother-in-law

brothers-in-law
无主体名词时,通常最后一个变复数。
check-up
→check-ups
push-up
→push-ups
man/woman
+
可数名词,前后两个都要变复数。
man
teacher

men
teachers
woman
scientist

women
scientists
不可数名词的数量表达
a/an
+
表数量的可数名词单数
+
of
+
不可数名词
a
cup
of
tea
一杯茶
a
glass
of
milk
一杯牛奶
a
piece
of
paper
一张纸
a
bag
of
rice
一袋米
数词
+
表数量的可数名词复数
+
of
+
不可数名词
two
blocks
of
wood
两块木头
six
bottles
of
water
六瓶水
表数量的限定词
+
不可数名词
some
advice
一些建议
little
time
几乎没时间
可数不可数易错单词
fish
指“条数”时,复数是fish;
指“种类”时,复数时fishes;
指“鱼肉”时,不可数。
tear
(眼泪)是可数名词,复数为tears。
furniture(家具)是不可数名词。
experience
指“经验”时,不可数;指“经历”时,可数,复数形式是
experiences。
exercise
指“练习”时,可数,复数形式为
exercises;指“运动”时,不可数。
不可数名词作可数名词使用
表示具体意义或某种特殊含义时,用作可数名词,可用不定冠词修饰,也可有复数形式。
a
food
一种食物
woods
树林
two
fishes
两种鱼
表具体事物时,用作可数名词,可用不定冠词修饰,也可有复数形式。
a
success
一件成功的事
a
beauty
一位美人
a
bother
一件麻烦事
failures
失败的事
表示具体含义时,用作可数名词,可用不定冠词修饰,也可有复数形式。
a
Tom
一个叫Tom的人
two
Mondays
两个星期一
a
heavy
rain
一场大雨
have
a
good
time
过得愉快
特殊的复数变化形式
单数形式表示复数意义(动词用复数形式)
police
警察
people
人们
audience
观众
复数形式表示复数意义(不用不定冠词或数词修饰)
clothes
衣服
trousers
裤子
scissors
剪刀
单数形式,强调整体时表示单数意义,强调成员个体时,表示复数意义。
family
家庭;家人
group
小组;组员
class
班级;班里的学生
team
团队;队员
既可数又不可数的名词
单词
可数意义
不可数单词
experience
经历
经验
time
次数
时间
work
作品
工作
chicken

鸡肉
life
生命
生活
glass
玻璃杯;眼镜
玻璃
名词的格
PART
03
所有格
03
名词的格
普通格
所有格
主格
宾格
形式相同,用法同代词的主格与宾格
’s所有格
of所有格
双重所有格
多指有生命的所有
多指无生命的所有
‘s所有格的构成
情况
构成
示例
一般情况
加’s
Tom’s
room
以s结尾复数
加’
three
weeks’
leave
不以s结尾复数
加’s
children’s
activity
A与B各自所有
分别加’s
Lucy’s
and
Lily’s
beds
A与B共同所有
最后加’s
Lucy
and
Lily’s
room
复合名词
最后加’s
a
pen-friend’s
letter
‘s所有格的用法
用法
示例
人或有生命的名词所有
My
mother’s
advice
时间、距离、计量、价值、国家、城镇、自然现象等无生命的名词所有
one
hour’s
walk
Today’s
newspaper
诊所、医院、店铺、学校、住宅等所有
at
the
doctor’s
(office)
节日
Children’s
Day
复合不定代词/疑问代词
+
else’s
someone
else’s
life
被修饰的名词后紧跟逗号分开的同位语
My
father’s
friend,
a
worker,
has
the
car.
‘s所有格的一些注意事项
’s所有格一般作前置定语;
所有格作为限定词的一种,不能同时与冠词、指示代词、不定代词等限定词一起前置修饰,如果必要,需要用到双重所有格。如:
a
friend
of
my
mother’s
我妈妈的一个朋友
of所有格的构成及用法
用法
构成示例
无生命的名词的所属关系
the
capital
of
China
定语过长的有生命的所属
a
picture
of
the
best
basketball
players
名词化的形容词的所属
the
health
of
the
old
同位关系
the
city
of
Hangzhou
of所有格的注意事项
of
所有格与表数量的of不同:
of
所有格一般是后置定语,修饰前面名词,of意为“……的”,表所属关系。如:
the
top
of
the
bus
中的
of表示所属,公交车顶部
后置定语中要用of,须有所属关系。如:
杯子里的牛奶
milk
in
the
glass
不能说
milk
of
the
glass
,因为杯子和牛奶没有所属关系。
双重所有格
双重所有格形式:“名词
+
of
+
’s所有格/名词性物主代词”
a
good
friend
of
my
father’s
我父亲的一个好朋友
a
great
experience
of
hers
她的一段了不起的经历
双重所有格常用于表示整体中的一个或部分,或表示赞赏或厌恶等感彩(此时被修饰的名词前常有指示代词this
/
that
/
these
/
those等)
a
window
of
her
neighbor’s
她邻居家的一扇窗户
That
performance
of
the
girls’
was
wonderful.
姑娘们表演的那个节目真是精彩!
双重所有格
辨析
a
photo
of
Tom

a
photo
of
Tom’s
a
photo
of
Tom
意为
“一张Tom的照片”,照片上是Tom
a
photo
of
Tom’s
意为“一张Tom的照片”,照片是Tom拥有的,照片上不一定是Tom.
名词化
PART
04
更多名词形式
04
动词的名词化
动词的动名词形式:V-ing
相当于名词,有时词义会发生变化
。如:
beginning
开端
ending
结局
saying
谚语
reading
读本
另外,动词的不定式(to
do)也可以作名词使用。如:
To
help
others
makes
me
happy.
形容词的名词化
the
+
形容词,可以表示具有此特征的一类人,如:
the
rich
富人
the
poor
穷人
注意,动词的过去分词也可以作形容词使用。如:
the
aged
老人
the
disabled
残疾人
数词的名词化
在“in
one’s
+
整十的复数”结构中,数词当作名词使用。如:
in
his
forties
在他四十多岁时
the
+
序数词,可以表示“第几个人或物”,如:
He
is
the
first
to
offer
me
help.
特殊结构的名词化
“特殊疑问词+不定式(to
do)”结构可以看作是一个独立的名词结构。如:
I
don’t
know
what
to
do.
Do
you
know
which
way
to
choose?
句子的名词化
英语中,一个句子也可能被看作是一个名词,如初中阶段出现的宾语从句和表语从句。如:
What
he
said
is
really
important.
Do
you
know
he
is
only
five
years
old?
限定词
PART
05
让名词更确定
05
常见限定词一览
类别
限定词
冠词
a
/
an
/
the
数词
基数词:one,
two
,
three

序数词:
first,
second,
third

倍数词:
half,
double,
twice,
three
times
分数词:
one-third,
two-thirds

代词
指示代词:
this,
that,
these,
those
疑问代词:what,
which,
whose
不定代词:all,
both,
some,
any,
each,
other,
another,
either,
neither,
no
物主代词:my,
your,
our,
his,
her,
its,
their
常见限定词一览
类别
限定词
所有格
Tom’s,
my
mother’s

其它
表数量:(a)
few,
(a)
little,
many,
much,
several,
a
great
many,
a
lot
of,
lots
of,
a
bit
of,
plenty
of,
a
great
deal
of,
a
number
of

表顺序:next,
last,
past
固定结构中的what/such:
such/what
(a/an)
+
n.
课堂练习
Each
couple
in
China
can
have
two_____from
January
1st,2016
A.
boy
B.
girl
C.
children
D.
child  
It's
sports
time.
Most
________
students
in
Class
1are
playing
football
on
the
playground.
A.
boy
B.
boys
C.
boy’s
D.
boys'


课堂练习
During
the
next
few
days,I
decide
to
have
a
good
_______
by
taking
a
walk
or
seeing
a
movie.
I
really
need
to
relax.
A.
meal
B.
sleep
C.
rest
-
Are
you
going
out
with
Jade
tonight?  
-
That's
my
_______.
Mind
your
own!
A.
offer
B.
business
C.
question
D.
chance


课堂练习
﹣Why
do
people
never
cut
up
the
_____
on
their
birthdays?  
﹣Because
they
are
a
symbol
of
long
life.
  A.
eggs
B.
cakes
C.
noodles
D.
dumplings
Bill
will
be
a/an
___________
to
interview
the
football
players
in
the
coming
Rio
2016
Olympics.
  A.
guest
B.
reporter
C.
tourist
D.
engineer


课堂练习
﹣Mom,I
will
eat
less
fast
food
this
year,believe
me.  ﹣If
you
make
a
________,you
must
keep
it.
A.
joke
B.
noise
C.
mistake
D.
promise
When
an
earthquake
happens,I
think
the
most
important
safety
_____
is
to
keep
calm.
  A.
rule
B.
doubt
C.
condition
D.
problem


课堂练习
The
broken
______may
cut
into
your
hand
if
you
touch
it,you
should
be
careful.
A.
glass
B.
glasses
C.
candle
D.
candles
Nancy
took
her
temperature
and
found
she
had
a
______.
A.
cough
B.
toothache
C.
cold
D.
fever


https://www.21cnjy.com/help/help_extract.php中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
名词练习
1.
It's
cold
today.
Take
your_____
with
you
when
you
go
out.
A.
knife
B.
coat
C
brush
D
key
2.
The
little
boy
wants
to
be
a_______
when
he
grows
up
because
his
dream
is
flying
a
plane.
A.
doctor
B.
pilot
C.
director
D.
policeman
3.
---Children
should
help
their_____
do
some
housework
on
weekends.
---Yes,
I
agree
with
you
A.
friends
B.
students
C.
parents
D.
teachers
4.
There
are
four____
in
a
year
and
each
lasts
about
3
months.
A.
days
B.
seasons
C.
weeks
D
minutes
5.
There
is
a_____
in
my
neighborhood
and
I
often
go
there
to
see
tigers.
A
zoo
B.
bank
C
school
D.
hospital
6.
Fruit
is
good
for
health,
so
I
often
have
breakfast
with
one
_____.
A.
candy
B.
cake
C.
banana
D
hamburger
7.
Something
is
wrong
with
my_____.
I
can't
see
anything
around
me
clearly.
A
.
nose
B.
ears
C.
mouth
D.
eyes
8.
---Have
you
got
Kathy's_____
for
her
concert?
----Yes,
I’d
like
to
go
and
enjoy
it
A.
invention
B,
instruction
C,
invitation
D.
introduction
9.
It
is
accepted
that
knowledge
is
the
most
valuable____
for
human
beings
A.
decision
B
treasure
C.
purpose
D
standard
10.
---What
a
good_____
you've
given
me!
Thanks
a
lot.
---My
pleasure
A.
danger
B.
progress
C.
suggestion
D.
difference
11.---Lily
often
answers
the
teachers’_____
in
class,
doesn't
she?
---Yes.
She
is
very
active.
A.
questions
B.
secrets
C.
reasons
D.
message
12.
There
is
some____
in
the
fridge
A.
tomatoes
B.
eggs
C
apple
D.
beef
13.---What
would
you
like?
----I’d
like
some____
noodles
A.
beef
and
tomatoes
B.
beefs
and
tomato
C.
beef
and
tomato
D.
beefs
and
tomatoes
14.There
are
some___________
in
our
school.
We
all
like
them
A.
apple
tree
B.
apples
tree
C.
apples
trees
D.
apple
trees
15.
219
Park
is
about______
walk
from
here.
You'd
better
take
a
bus
A.
50
minute
B.
50
minutes’
C.
50
minutes
D.
50
minute's
16.
We
usually
have
a
seven______
holiday
every
National
Day.
A
.days
B.
day'
C.
day's
D.
days’
17.---
How
far
is
your
cousin’s
home
from
here?
---It's
about
two____
drive.
A.
hour's
B
hours
C.
hours’
D,
hour
18.Boys
and
girls!
Let’s
have
a
rest.
It's
only
ten_____
break
A.
minute
B.
minute’s
C.
minutes
D.
minutes’
19.
Could
you
please
put
some______
in
my
cup?
I'd
like
sweet
coffee.
A.
sugar
B.
salt
C
.ice
D
pepper
20.I
live
near
a
big_______
.
It
gets
very
noisy
on
match
days.
A
hospital
B.
store
C.
bank
D,
playground
21.---
Do
you
have
this
T-
-shirt
in
a
small_______?
---I’m
afraid
not.
It
only
comes
in
medium
A.
size
B.
color
C.
material
D.
taste
22.In
every____
there
has
to
be
some
give-and-lake
A.
friendship
B.
instrument
C.
attention
D.
blackboard
23.----More
and
more
foreigners
are
becoming
interested
in
Beijing
Opera.
---That's
true.
It's
an
important
part
of
Chinese_______
A
culture
B
invention
C.
custom
D.
influence
24.The
Three
Gorges
Dam
produces___________
for
millions
of
people
in
China
A.
electricity
B.
influence
C.
transport
D.
technology
25.---
Could
you
give
me
a
few______
on
how
to
spend
the
coming
summer
holiday?
----OK.
let
me
see
A.
hobbies
B.
suggestions
C.
knowledge
D.
information
26.Many
foreigners
came
to
our
school
last
week,
including
three_________
and
four__________
A.
German:
American
B.
Germans:
American
C.
Germans:
Americans
D.
German:
Americans
27.There
are
many
old______
in
the
park
A.
man
and
children
B.
men
and
child
C.
men
and
children
D.
man
and
child
28.
In
North
China,
it
is
a(n)_____
to
have
dumplings
at
the
Spring
Festival
A.
custom
B
effort
C.
gift
D
purpose
29.
Could
you
please
make
some_______
for
me?
I
want
to
put
lots
of
books
here
A.
room
B.
home
C.
family
D.
house
30.
I
didn't
send
an
e-mail
to
Mary
this
morning
because
my______
didn't
work
A.
eraser
B.
computer
C.
box
D.
bike
答案:
1.B
2.B
3.C
4.B
5.A
6.C
7.D
8.C
9.B
10.C
11.A
12.D
13.C
14.D
15.B
16.D
17.C
18.D
19.A
20.D
21.A
22.A
23.A
24.A
25.B
26.C
27.C
28.A
29.A
30.B
21世纪教育网
www.21cnjy.com
精品试卷·第
2

(共
2
页)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)