2020-2021学年高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册Unit 3 Environmental Protection单元测试AB卷 Unit 3 Environmental Protecti

2020-2021学年高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册单元测试AB卷
Unit
3
Environmental
Protection
B卷
能力提升
一、阅读理解
1.???
California
has
lost
half
its
big
trees
since
the
1930s,
according
to
a
study
to
be
published
Tuesday
and
climate
change
seems
to
be
a
major
factor(因素).
???
The
number
of
trees
larger
than
two
feet
across
has
declined
by
50
percent
on
more
than
46,000
square
miles
of
California
forests,
the
new
study
finds.
No
area
was
spared
or
unaffected,
from
the
foggy
northern
coast
to
the
Sierra
Nevada
Mountains
to
the
San
Gabriels
above
Los
Angeles.
In
the
Sierra
high
country,
the
number
of
big
trees
has
fallen
by
more
than
55
percent;
in
parts
of
southern
California
the
decline
was
nearly
75
percent.
???
Many
factors
contributed
to
the
decline,
said
Patrick
McIntyre,
an
ecologist
who
was
the
lead
author
of
the
study.
Woodcutters
targeted
big
trees.
Housing
development
pushed
into
the
woods.
Aggressive
wildfire
control
has
left
California
forests
crowded
with
small
trees
that
compete
with
big
trees
for
resources
(资源).
???
But
in
comparing
a
study
of
California
forests
done
in
the
1920s
and
1930s
with
another
one
between
2001
and
2010,
McIntyre
and
his
colleagues
documented
a
widespread
death
of
big
trees
that
was
evident
even
in
wildlands
protected
from
woodcutting
or
development.
???
The
loss
of
big
trees
was
greatest
in
areas
where
trees
had
suffered
the
greatest
water
shortage.
The
researchers
figured
out
water
stress
with
a
computer
model
that
calculated
how
much
water
trees
were
getting
in
comparison
with
how
much
they
needed,
taking
into
account
such
things
as
rainfall,
air
temperature,
dampness
of
soil,
and
the
timing
of
snowmelt
(融雪).
???
Since
the
1930s,
McIntyre
said,
the
biggest
factors
driving
up
water
stress
in
the
state
have
been
rising
temperatures,
which
cause
trees
to
lose
more
water
to
the
air,
and
earlier
snowmelt,
which
reduces
the
water
supply
available
to
trees
during
the
dry
season.
1.What
is
the
second
paragraph
mainly
about?
A.The
seriousness
of
big-tree
loss
in
California.
B.The
increasing
variety
of
California
big
trees.
C.The
distribution
of
big
trees
in
California
forests.
D.The
influence
of
farming
on
big
trees
in
California.
2.Which
of
the
following
is
well-intentioned
but
may
be
bad
for
big
trees?
A.Ecological
studies
of
forests.
B.Banning
woodcutting.
C.Limiting
housing
development.
D.Fire
control
measures.
3.What
is
a
major
cause
of
the
water
shortage
according
to
McIntyre?
A.Inadequate
snowmelt.
B.A
longer
dry
season.
C.A
warmer
climate.
D.Dampness
of
the
air.
4.What
can
be
a
suitable
title
for
the
text?
A.California's
Forests:
Where
Have
All
the
Big
Trees
Gone?
B.Cutting
of
Big
Trees
to
Be
Prohibited
in
California
Soon
C.Why
Are
the
Big
Trees
Important
to
California
Forests?
D.Patrick
McIntyre:
Grow
More
Big
Trees
in
California
2.???
Getting
stuck
in
a
traffic
jam
is
one
of
the
most
boring
problems
for
people
living
in
big
cities.
The
fact
that
you're
moving
so
slowly
leads
to
stress,
anger
and
the
wish
that
your
car
could
just
fly
over
the
traffic
like
an
airplane.
???
Soon,
however,
that
wish
will
come
true.
On
May
8,
the
US
car-renting
company
Uber
showed
off
what
it
described
as
"the
transportation
mode
of
the
future:
on-demand
air
transport",
reported
ABC
News.
???
According
to
Nikhill
Goel,
head
of
products
for
Uber
Air,
the
company's
air
taxi
service
may
start
test
flights
in
the
US
cities
of
Dallas
and
Los
Angeles,
as
well
as
Dubai,
as
early
as
2020.
If
everything
goes
according
to
the
plan,
passengers
will
be
able
to
fly
to
work
by
2023.
When
the
Olympics
come
to
Los
Angeles
in
2028,
Uber
"expects
to
have
hundreds,
if
not
thousands,
of
its
airplanes
in
the
skies",
Goel
told
Newsweek.
???
So
what
will
Uber's
flying
vehicles
be
like?
???
They
are
small,
electric
airplanes
that
take
off
and
land
up
and
down.
They
give
off
zero
emissions
and
are
quiet
enough
to
operate
in
cities.
Just
like
an
airplane,
the
vehicles
will
have
fixed
wings
to
help
them
glide
(滑翔).
But
while
a
helicopter
has
just
one
big
fixed
rotor
(螺旋桨),
Uber's
vehicles
will
have
many
rotors,
which
will
help
increase
fuel
efficiency
while
reducing
emissions
and
noise.
???
Because
of
these
fixed
wings
and
many
rotors,
Uber's
flying
taxis
"should
be
quieter
and
safer
than
a
helicopter",
reported
ABC
News.
However,
the
service
still
has
a
long
way
to
go
before
it’s
ready
to
accept
passengers,
for
example,
to
avoid
any
possible
accidents.
Uber
is
working
with
NASA
to
study
air
traffic
control
problems
connected
with
low-flying
aircraft.
But
just
as
Betty
Price
said,
"This
program
is
revolutionary
and
future-oriented
(面向未来的)."
1.When
are
Uber's
flying
taxis
expected
to
start
to
take
passengers?
A.
In
2020.
B.
In
2023.
C.
In
2028.
D.
In
2030.
2.How
are
Uber's
flying
taxis
different
from
helicopters?
A.
They
have
one
big
rotor.
B.
They
need
more
fuel
to
fly.
C.
They
have
fewer
fixed
wings.
D.
They
are
securer
and
have
less
noise.
3.What
can
we
know
about
the
flying
taxis
according
to
the
passage?
A.
They
can
be
as
efficient
as
helicopters.
B.
They
nearly
do
no
harm
to
the
environment.
C.
They
will
surely
help
passengers
avoid
accidents.
D.
They
will
be
first
put
into
use
in
Los
Angeles.
4.What
is
the
passage
mainly
about?
A.
The
advantages
of
Uber's
flying
taxis.
B.
Different
opinions
about
Uber's
flying
taxis.
C.
Uber's
plan
to
start
the
business
of
flying
taxis.
D.
The
difficulties
Uber
is
facing
in
testing
flying
vehicles.
3.???
Our
warming
world
may
be
impacting
on
where
birds
show
up
during
the
winter.
Scientists
have
found
that
the
resident
communities'
birds
that
appear
at
eastern
North
America's
backyard
bird
feeders
(鸟食罐)
in
winter
have
changed
as
temperatures
have
increased.
???
For
the
average
birdwatcher,
seeing
cardinals
(红衣凤头鸟),
chipping
sparrows
or
Carolina
wrens
visiting
their
backyard
bird
feeders
is
nothing
out
of
the
ordinary.
But
in
this
warming
world,
these
and
other
warm-adapted
species
have
greatly
expanded
their
wintering
range,
a
change
that
may
have
unforeseen
consequences
for
North
American
ecosystems,
according
to
the
University
of
Wisconsin-Madison
wildlife
biologists
Benjamin
Zuckerberg
and
Karine
Prince.
???
In
a
newspaper
published
in
the
journal
Global
Change
Biology,
Zuckerberg
and
Prince
analyzed
more
than
two
decades
of
data
on
38
species
of
birds
gathered
by
thousands
of
citizen
scientists.
???
"Fifty
years
ago,
cardinals
were
rare
in
the
northeastern
United
States,"
Zuckerberg
explained
in
a
press
release.
"Carolina
wrens
even
more
so."
???
The
scientists
measured
the
changes
over
time
in
the
abundance
of
38
bird
species
at
feeders
in
eastern
North
America.
More
specifically,
they
examined
the
influence
of
changes
in
the
winter
minimum
temperature
over
a
22-year
period
on
the
flocks
of
birds
that
gathered
at
backyard
feeding
stations.
???
"We've
been
able
to
prove
in
past
studies
that
species
are
shifting
in
response
to
the
climate
change,"
Zuckerberg
said.
"This
study
records
changes
in
the
community
structure.
If
you
have
a
species
coming
into
a
new
area,
it
can
change
the
composition
of
the
community."
And
with
climate
models
predicting
temperatures
to
warm
even
more
over
the
next
century,
milder
winters
with
less
snow
could
become
normal,
so
we
don't
even
recognize
the
bird
species
in
our
backyards
any
more.
1.What's
the
main
idea
of
the
passage?
A.
The
warming
world
changes
the
homes
of
some
birds.
B.
North
America
sees
fewer
birds
in
winter.
C.
The
warming
world
leads
to
birds
disappearing.
D.
People
can
enjoy
various
kinds
of
birds
at
home.
2.What
does
the
underlined
part
mean
in
Paragraph
2?
A.
Strange.
B.
Common.
C.
Convenient.
D.
Exciting.
3.By
observing
the
bird
species
at
feeders
it
is
found
that
_____.
A.
there
are
38
bird
species
living
in
North
America
B.
there
are
22
packs
of
birds
gathering
in
the
backyard
C.
species
are
changing
places
according
to
the
climate
change
D.
Carolina
wrens
have
been
used
to
the
cold
weather
4.In
what
section
of
a
web
can
we
read
the
passage?
A.
Advertisement.
B.
Economy.
C.
Science.
D.
Environment.
4.???
Plants
are
flowering
faster
than
scientists
predicted
in
reaction
to
climate
change,
which
could
have
long
damaging
effects
on
food
chains
and
ecosystems.
???
Global
warming
is
having
a
great
influence
on
hundreds
of
plant
and
animal
species
around
the
world,
changing
some
living
patterns,
scientists
say.
Increased
carbon
dioxide
in
the
air
from
burning
coal
and
oil
can
affect
how
plants
produce
oxygen,
while
higher
temperatures
and
changeable
rainfall
patterns
can
change
their
patterns
of
growth.
???
"Predicting
species'
reaction
to
climate
change
is
a
major
challenge
in
ecology,"
said
the
researchers
of
several
U.
S.
universities.
They
said
plants
had
been
the
key
object
of
study
because
their
reaction
to
climate
change
could
have
an
impact
on
food
chains
and
ecosystem
services.
???
The
study,
published
on
the
Nature
website,
used
the
findings
from
plant
life
cycle
studies
and
experiments
across
four
continents
and
1,634
species.
It
found
that
some
experiments
had
underestimated
(低估)
the
speed
of
flowering
by
8.5
times
and
leafing
by
4
times.
"Across
all
species,
the
experiments
under-predicted
the
speed
of
the
advance
—
for
both
leafing
and
flowering
—
that
results
from
temperature
increases,"
the
study
said.
"And
the
design
of
future
experiments
may
need
to
be
improved
to
better
predict
how
plants
will
react
to
climate
change."
???
Plants
are
necessary
for
life
on
the
Earth.
They
are
the
base
of
the
food
chain,
using
photosynthesis
(光合作用)
to
produce
sugar
from
carbon
dioxide
and
water.
They
let
out
oxygen
which
is
needed
by
nearly
every
organism
on
the
planet.
???
Scientists
believe
the
worlds
average
temperature
has
risen
by
about
0.8℃!
since
1900,
and
at
a
higher
speed
since
1979.
So
far,
efforts
to
cut
the
emission
of
planet-warming
greenhouse
gases
have
not
been
seen
as
enough
to
prevent
the
Earth
heating
up
beyond
2℃,
this
century
—
a
point
scientists
say
will
bring
about
the
danger
of
a
changeable
climate
in
which
weather
extremes
are
common,
resulting
in
droughts,
floods,
crop
failures
and
rising
sea
level.
1.Why
do
scientists
pay
special
attention
to
the
study
of
plants?
A.Because
they
can
prove
climate
change
clearly.
B.Because
they
are
very
important
in
food
chains.
C.Because
they
play
a
leading
role
in
reducing
global
warming.
D.Because
they
are
growing
and
flowering
much
faster
than
before.
2.What
can
we
learn
from
the
study
published
on
the
Nature
website?
A.Plants,
flowering
is
8.
5
times
faster
than
leafing.
B.There
are
1,634
plant
species
on
the
four
continents.
C.Scientists
should
improve
the
design
of
the
experiments.
D.The
experiments
gave
an
accurate
prediction
about
how
plants
react
to
climate
change.
3.What
can
be
inferred
from
the
last
paragraph
about
the
world's
average
temperature?
A.It
has
risen
up
beyond
2℃
so
far.
B.It
has
risen
by
nearly
0.
8℃
since
1979.
C.It
is
0.
8℃
higher
in
1979
than
that
of
1900.
D.Its
rise
needs
to
be
controlled
within
21
in
this
century.
4.What
is
the
main
idea
of
the
passage?
A.Food
chains
can
benefit
from
warm
weather.
B.Global
warming
leads
to
the
change
of
ecosystems.
C.Food
chains
have
been
damaged
because
of
plants.
D.The
speed
of
flowering
is
beyond
scientists'
expectation.
二、七选五
Thank
You
Notes:
The
Essential
Life
Lessons
???
There
is
no
greater
gift
for
any
of
us
to
give
our
friends
and
family
than
the
gift
of
gratitude.
①____________?
Take
a
quiet
moment
to
think
about
the
blessings
of
the
season
and
write
a
thank
you
note
to
everyone
who
made
things
special
for
you.
There
are
some
life
lessons
from
thank
you
notes.
???
②____________?
Even
a
child
can
draw
some
lines
on
paper,
help
pick
out
a
pretty
stamp,
and
stick
it
on
the
envelope.
This
helps
create
a
sense
of
ownership,
confidence,
and
contribution.
???
Thank
you
notes
strengthen
communication
skills.
Wherever
you
are,
no
skill
matters
more
than
the
ability
to
communicate
clearly
and
sincerely.
It
conveys
reliability,
confidence
and
thoughtfulness.
③____________
???
Thank
you
notes
remind
you
about
what
matters.
④____________?
But
when
we
write
a
thank
you
note
we
have
to
locate
within
ourselves
some
way
to
be
grateful
and
find
some
way
to
express
it.
We
do
not
find
happiness
in
what
we
get.
We
find
happiness
in
being
grateful
for
what
we
have.
???
⑤____________?
Not
"Thanks
for
the
sweater!"
but
"Thank
you
for
the
sweater.
It
is
cool."
Not
"Thanks
for
the
game."
but
"We
had
a
lot
of
fun
playing
that
game."
???
I
think
you
will
soon
discover
that
the
more
thank
you
notes
you
send,
the
more
you
become
aware
of
how
much
there
is
to
be
grateful
for,
and
how
good
it
feels
to
let
people
know
you
appreciate
them.
A.
Maybe
the
gift
is
thoughtless.
B.
Everyone
can
write
a
thank
you
note.
C.
And
that
can
begin
with
thank
you
notes.
D.
Thank
you
notes
must
have
specific
details.
E.
There
is
no
other
way
to
convey
this
message.
F.
You
can
even
write
to
people
you
do
not
know.
G.
Those
are
the
qualities
that
inspire
people
to
trust
and
respect
you.
三、完形填空
???
Since
the
age
of
three,
Chelsie
Hill
had
dreamed
of
becoming
a
dancer.
However,
her???
1??
?nearly
ended
in
2010.
A
car
accident
left
her
paralyzed
(使瘫痪)
from
the
waist
down.
???
For
most
people,
that
would
have???
2??
?any
hope
of
a
(lancer's
dancing
career.
For
Hill,
it
was
the
beginning.
??????
3??
?Hill
did
it,
rolling
her
wheelchair
right
alongside
her
high
school
dance
team.
"It
feels
as
if
half
of
my
body
were???
4??
?from
me,
and
I
have
to
move
it
with
my
hands,"
Hill
said.
"But
it's
not
easy
to
do
it.
It
definitely
took
a
lot
of???
5??
?and
patience."
???
After
graduation,
Hill
wanted
to???
6??
?her
dance
network
to
include
women
like
her.
She
began
to
meet
people
online
who
had
suffered
similar
injuries.
Then
in
2014,
Hill
moved
to
Los
Angeles
and
formed
a
team
of
dancers
with
disabilities
called
the
Rollettes.
"I
want
to???
7??
?the
stereotype
(刻板印象)
of
wheelchair
users
and
show
dance
is
dance,
whether
you're
walking
or
you're
??
8??
."
???
In
disabled
dance
competitions,
her
team
danced
to
the
popular
tunes,???
9??
?their
upper
bodies,
shaking
their
heads
to
the
special
beats
and???
10??
?their
wheelchairs
in
well-timed,
highly
designed
routines.
They
were
having
fun,
and
as
the
audience'
exuberant
(热情洋溢的)
reactions
showed,
the
fun
was
??
11??
.
???
Hill
has
attained
what
many
of
us
never
will
obtain:
her
childhood
??
12??
.
She's
a
dancer.
And
the
Rollettes
have
helped
her
find
something
else
just
as????13???.?Every
year
she
holds
a
dance
camp
for
other
wheelchair
users
to
help
them
find
their
inner
??
14??
.
For
participants,
it
was
the
first
time
they'd
felt
???
15??
.
1.A.
effect
B.
reputation
C.
ambition
D.
performance
2.A.
aroused
B.
exposed
C.
destroyed
D.
seized
3.A.
Similarly
B.
Actually
C.
Necessarily
D.
Previously
4.A.
tom
down
B.
taken
away
C.
picked
up
D.
cut
down
5.A.
wisdom
B.
praying
C.
intelligence
D.
learning
6.A.
mix
B.
expand
C.
narrow
D.
simplify
7.A.
call
off
B.
bring
in
C.
break
down
D.
carry
on
8.A.
rolling
B.
driving
C.
lying
D.
standing
9.A.
bearing
B.
freezing
C.
rocking
D.
fueling
10.A.
lifting
B.
operating
C.
stretching
D.
guiding
11.A.
vain
B.
plain
C.
temporary
D.
infectious
12.A.
experience
B.
dream
C.
memory
D.
education
13.A.
demanding
B.
tough
C.
meaningful
D.
flexible
14.A.
strength
B.
beauty
C.
label
D.
weakness
15.A.
stressful
B.
regretful
C.
hopeful
D.
grateful
四、语法填空
???
There
is
little
doubt
that
Earth
①
_____
(get)
warmer
and
warmer.
The
"man-made"
greenhouse
effect
has
contributed
to
the
climate
change.
???
There
is
strong
and
comprehensive
evidence
that
the
rise
in
temperature
has
led
to?②_____
increase
in
extreme
weather
and
natural?③_____?(disaster)
worldwide,
not
only
causing
serious
damage,
but
also
costing
human
lives.
Climate
scientists
have
warned
that?④_____
we
do
not
take
appropriate
actions,
this
warming
trend
will?⑤_____?(probable)
continue
and
there
will
be
a
higher
price
to
pay.
???
Continued
greenhouse
gas
emissions
will
result?⑥_____
further
warming
and
long-lasting
changes
to
the
global
climate,?⑦_____
requires
the
attention
of
people
all
over
the
world.
Governments
need
to
consider
making
policies
and
taking
appropriate
actions
and
measures?⑧_____
(reduce)
greenhouse
gas
emissions.
We
as
individuals
can
also
reduce
our
"carbon
footprint"
by?⑨_____?(restrict)
the
amount
of
carbon
dioxide
our
lifestyles
produce.
It
is
our?⑩_____
(responsible)
to
seize
every
opportunity
to
educate
everyone
about
global
warming,
along
with
its
causes
and
impacts,
because
this
is
the
most
serious
issue
affecting
all
of
us
on
this
planet.
五、写作
1.假定你是晨光中学的李津。你校的英文社团正在举办主题为"How
can
we
reduce
garbage
pollution?"的征文活动。请根据以下提示,用英文
写一篇短文进行投稿。
1.?介绍垃圾污染的现状;
2.?提出减少垃圾污染的措施;
3.?谈谈你对减少垃圾污染的看法。
注意:
1.?词数80左右;
2.?可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
How
can
we
reduce
garbage
pollution?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语
续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
???
I
woke
up
earlier
than
my
brother
as
every
other
day
of
the
week.
I
jumped
out
of
the
bed,
got
dressed,
brushed
my
teeth,
and
had
breakfast.
Saying
goodbye
to
my
mother,
I
got
in
the
car
no
later
than
7:05.
I
got
to
school
on
time,
while
my
brother
came
out
of
the
house
late
as
he
used
to.
???
It
was
a
Thursday.
I
was
walking
to
the
chemistry
room
when
my
phone
in
my
left
pocket
vibrated
(震动).
I
took
it
out
and
looked
at
the
shiny
screen.
As
soon
as
I
saw
my
father's
name
on
the
screen
I
realized
something
was
wrong.
???
He
would
not
call
me
in
the
middle
of
a
school
day
just
to
talk.
He
would
want
me
to
focus
in
school
and
do
well.
I
answered
the
phone,
and
my
father
sounded
worried.
He
told
me
to
find
my
brother
as
soon
as
possible,
walk
with
him
to
the
school
picking-up
zone
and
get
in
the
car
with
my
brother.
Our
driver
would
take
us
back
home
where
my
father
was.
???
When
I
was
in
the
car
with
my
brother,
my
dad
called
the
driver
and
told
him
to
take
us
to
the
hospital.
We
were
going
to
meet
him
and
my
mum
there.
As
soon
as
my
brother
and
I
found
out
the
change
in
plans,
we
looked
at
each
other
in
the
eyes.
I
immediately
noticed
the
fear
in
my
brother's
eyes.
???
To
be
honest,
I
was
really
scared
too,
probably
more
than
he
was.
But
I
did
not
say
anything.
We
arrived
at
the
hospital.
I
saw
my
dad
waiting
for
us
at
the
entrance.
He
was
smoking.
Seeing
my
dad
smoking
made
me
more
worried.
I
had
never
seen
him
smoke
before.
He
hated
it.
As
soon
as
he
recognized
the
white
car,
he
threw
the
cigarette
away.
I
looked
at
my
brother;
he
was
looking
out
of
the
other
window.
I
did
not
tell
him
what
I
just
saw.
I
did
not
want
him
to
worry.
Paragraph
1:
The
car
stopped
right
in
front
of
my
dad.
?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph
2:
We
walked
down
the
hall
with
our
eyes
closed.?
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
一、
1.答案：1-4.ADCA
解析：1.
推理判断题。本题题干意为"文章第二段的主要内容是什么？"。文章第二段用比较详实的数据陈述了加利福尼亚大树死亡的严重情况。因此A项（加利福尼亚大树死亡的严重情况）符合题意。B：加利福尼亚大树多样性的增加；C：加利福尼亚森林中大树的分布；D：农业对加利福尼亚大树的影响。
2.推理判断题。本题题干意为"下面哪种措施用意良好，但对大树有可能是有害的？"。根据文章第三段中的"Aggressive
wildfire
control
has
left
California
forests
crowded
with
small
trees
that
compete
with
big
trees
for
resources."（激进的野火控制使得加利福尼亚的森林里挤满了小树，而这些小树会与大树争夺资源）可知，控制野火的用意是好的，但是似乎对大树并不好，故D项（火的控制措施）正确。A：森林的生态研究；B：树木砍伐禁令；C：限制住房开发。
3.
细节理解题。本题题干意为"根据McIntyre的说法，缺水的主要原因是什么？"。根据文章最后一段可知，McIntyre认为自从20世纪30年代以来，缺水的主要原因是温度的上升。所以C项（更热的气候）符合题意。A：融雪不足；B：更长的旱季；D：空气潮湿。
4.
主旨大意题。本题题干意为"本文合适的标题是什么？"。本文的主要内容是加利福尼亚大树死亡原因的分析。文章的核心信息是California、big
trees、loss。因此A项是比较合适的题目，包括了文章的核心信息。B：加利福尼亚将很快禁止砍伐大树；C：为什么大树对加利福尼亚森林是重要的？；D：Patrick
McIntyre：在加利福尼亚种更多的大树。
2.答案：1-4
BDBC
解析：1.根据第三段中的"If
everything
goes
according
to
the
plan,
passengers
will
be
able
to
fly
to
work
by
2023"可知，一切进展顺利的话，优步飞行出租车预计将于2023年开始载客，故B项正确。
2.根据倒数第二段中的"Uber's
flying
taxis
'should
be
quieter
and
safer
than
a
helicopter'
"可知，优步公司研制的飞行出租车比直升机更安全，噪声更小。
3.根据第五段中的"They
give
off
zero
emissions
and
are
quiet
enough
to
operate
in
cities"可知，优步公司研制的飞行出租车可以做到零排放，也就是对环境几乎无污染。
4.通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了美国优步公司研制空中飞行出租车的计划，该出租车计划于2020年开始试飞，而且如果一切顺利的话，该车将于2023年开始载客。
3.答案：1-4
ABCD
解析：1.根据文章内容尤其是第一段可知，随着全球变暖，在北美东部人们发现了以前很少见到的鸟类，说明鸟类的栖息地随着气候的变化而改变。故选A项。
2.根据文中的"the
average
birdwatcher"及画线部分后的句子可知，对一般的鸟类观察者来说，看到这些鸟是没有什么特别之处的。故选B项。
3.根据文章第六段中的"species
are
shifting
in
response
to
the
climate
change"可知，物种在随着气候的变化而迁移。故选C项。
4.文章主要讲述了气候变暖对鸟类栖息地的影响，与环境有关。故选D项。
4.答案：1-4.BCDB
解析：1.考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"They
said
plants
had
been
the
key
object
of
study
because
their
reaction
to
climate
change
could
have
an
impact
on
food
chains
and
ecosystem
services"可知,科学家们关注植物的研究是因为植物对气候变化的反应对食物链和生态系统服务都至关重要。
2.考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"It
found
that
some
experiments
had
underestimated(低估)
the
speed
of
flowering
by
8.5
times
and
leafing
by
4
times"以及"the
design
of
future
experiments
may
need
to
be
improved"可知,原有的实验低估了植物开花和长叶的速度,以后的实验设计应该有所改进。
3.考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"the
world's
average
temperature
has
risen
by
about
0.8℃
since
1900,and
at
a
higher
speed
since
1979"可知A项和C项错误;根据"prevent
the
Earth
heating
up
beyond
2℃
this
century—a
point
scientists
say
will
bring
about
the
danger
of
a
changeable
climate
in
which
weather
extremes
are
common"可推知,如果本世纪地球温度的上升超过2℃,那么就会有出现多变气候的危险,会导致极端天气的发生,这暗示我们应将这个世纪地球温度的上升控制在2℃之内。故选D项。
4.考查主旨大意。通读全文,尤其是由第一段可知,全球变暖会使植物以更快的速度生长和开花,进而影响食物链及生态系统。故选B项。
二.答案：CBGAD
解析：①由上文中的"There
is
no
greater
gift
for
any
of
us
to
give
our
friends
and
family
than
the
gift
of
gratitude"和下文中的"Take
a
quiet
moment
to
think
about
the
blessings
of
the
season
and
write
a
thank
you
note
to
everyone
who
made
things
special
for
you"可知,此空应是引出本文话题,即建议人们写感谢信,故选C。
②由下文中的"Even
a
child
can
draw
some
lines
or
paper,
help
pick
out
a
pretty
stamp,
and
stick
it
on
the
envelop"可知,即使是小孩子也能在纸上画一些线条,帮你挑一张漂亮的邮票,然后把它贴在信封上。故空处表达的是每个人都可以写感谢信,故选B。
③由上文中的"It
conveys
reliability,
confidence
and
thoughtfulness"可知,清晰、真诚的交流传达了可靠、自信和体贴。G项中的qualities指的就是这些品质,故选G。
④由上文中的"Thank
you
notes
remind
you
about
what
matters"可知,感谢信可以提醒你什么是重要的。由空后的But和下文讲我们从感恩中获得快乐可知,此处与下文形成转折。因此A项"这份礼物可能是欠考虑的"符合语境。
⑤下文中的"Not
'Thanks
for
the
sweater!'...playing
that
game.'"告诉我们要在感谢信中写明要感谢的具体事情,即感谢信必须有具体的细节,故选D。
三、答案：1-5
CCBBD
6-10
BCACB
11-15
DBCAC
解析：1.根据上文中的"Chelsie
Hill
had
dreamed
of
becoming
a
dancer"可知，Chelsie
Hill梦想成为一名舞蹈演员。由空后一句可知，车祸使Chelsie
Hill的腰部以下瘫痪。故此处表示2010年她的理想差点破灭。ambition"抱负，理想"。
2.根据语境可知，对大多数人来说，车祸造成的瘫痪毁掉了一个舞者的舞蹈生涯，而Hill却觉得车祸对于她而言是一个开始。
3.根据下文中Hill的具体行动可知，实际上Hill确实做到了，即继续追寻自己跳舞的梦想。
4.根据第一段可知，Hill是从腰部以下瘫痪了，因此此处表示她感觉好像自己一半的身体被拿走了。tear
down"拆毁，拆除"；take
away"拿走"；pick
up"改善；学会"；cut
down"砍倒"。
5.根据"But
it's
not
easy
to
do
it"可知，瘫痪后的Hill要经过大量学习以及耐心才能学会滚动轮椅来跳舞。
6.根据下文中Hill创办的舞团可知，此处指Hill想扩大她的舞蹈人际网，以使得像她一样的女性都能参与其中。
7.此处指Hill想打破人们对坐轮椅的人的刻板印象。舞蹈就是舞蹈，无论是走路还是滚动轮椅都可以跳舞。故C项符合题意。
8.参见上题解析。故选A项。
9.根据语境可知，这些坐在轮椅上的舞蹈者靠摇动她们的上半身来跳舞。故选C。
10.根据上文可知，她们是坐在轮椅上的残疾人，因此需要操作轮椅才能跳舞。
11.根据语境可知，舞团的队员跳得开心，观众的反应也很热情，这说明快乐是有感染力的。vain"枉然的，徒劳的"；plain"明显的"；temporary"暂时的"；infectious"（情感或笑声）有感染力的"。
12.根据第一段第一句可知，Hill小时候的梦想是成为一名舞者，虽然后来因为车祸不得不坐到轮椅上，但她还是实现了自己的梦想。
13.Hill创建了Rollettes舞团，帮助更多像她一样的女性，这和实现她小时候的梦想一样有意义。meaningful"有意义的"。
14.每年Hill都会举办一个舞蹈训练营来帮助其他坐轮椅的人发现自己内心的力量。故选A项。
15.由语境可知，对于参与舞蹈营的人来说，这是她们第一次感受到希望。故选C项。
四、
答案：①is
getting
②an
③disasters
④if
⑤probably
⑥in
⑦which
⑧to
reduce
⑨restricting
⑩responsibility
解析：①考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：几乎没有疑问，地球正变得越来越暖和。根据语境可知应该用现在进行时。主语是Earth，故填is
getting。
②考查冠词。句意：有充分而全面的证据表明，气温上升已导致世界范围内极端天气和自然灾害的增加……。此处表泛指，用不定冠词；increase以元音音素开头，故用冠词an。
③考查名词的数。disaster表示"灾难"时为可数名词，空前无代词、冠词，故用复数。natural
disasters自然灾害。
④考查条件状语从句。句意：气候科学家警告说，如果我们不采取适当的行动，这种变暖的趋势可能会继续下去，（人们）将付出更高的代价。if引导条件状语从句，表示"如果"。
⑤考查副词。修饰动词continue，应该用副词形式。
⑥考查介词。句意：持续的温室气体排放将导致进一步变暖和全球气候的持久变化……。result
in导致。
⑦考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指前边的整件事，故用which。
⑧考查非谓语动词。句意：（各国）政府需要考虑制定政策并采取适当的行动和措施来减少温室气体的排放。动词不定式在此处表示目的。
⑨考查动名词。句意：作为个人，我们也可以通过限制我们的生活方式产生的二氧化碳的量来减少我们的"碳足迹"，by
doing
sth.意思为"通过做某事"。
⑩考查词性转换。句意：我们的责任是抓住每一个机会就全球变暖以及它的原因和影响教育每个人，因为这是影响这个星球上我们所有人的最严重的问题。由形容词性物主代词our可以判断，此空填名词，表示"责任"，故用responsibility。
五、
1.答案：
How
can
we
reduce
garbage
pollution?
The
problem
of
garbage
pollution
is
getting
so
serious
that
many
cities
around
the
world
are
now
being
surrounded
by
garbage.
To
solve
the
problem
of
garbage
pollution,
we
are
supposed
to
take
some
effective
measures.
First,
we
should
sort
garbage
properly
so
that
it
can
be
treated
easily.
Besides,
reusable
garbage
should
be
recycled.
In
my
opinion,
only
if
we
work
together
to
reduce
garbage
pollution
can
we
live
in
a
better
environment
and
leave
a
more
beautiful
world
for
future
generations.
2.答案：
Paragraph
1:
The
car
stopped
right
in
front
of
my
dad.
He
opened
the
door
and
I
jumped
out
of
the
car
and
hugged
him.
He
noticed
that
I
was
worried
and
with
a
smile
on
his
face
he
told
us
he
had
a
surprise
for
us.
What
good
things
happened
in
hospital?
When
we
approached
the
ward,
my
dad
told
my
brother
and
me
to
close
our
eyes
and
hold
his
hands.
So
we
did.
His
warm
hands
made
us
feel
more
secure.
Paragraph
2:
We
walked
down
the
hall
with
our
eyes
closed.
Suddenly
we
stopped.
When
we
walked
into
the
room,
Father
told
us
to
open
our
eyes.
We
saw
our
mother
lying
on
the
bed.
Tears
welled
up
in
my
eyes,
but
I
was
not
in
pain.
Right
next
to
my
mother
was
the
most
beautiful
thing
I
had
ever
seen.
It
was
a
girl.
She
was
sleeping.
She
was
my
sister.
I
still
remember
that
day
as
one
of
the
happiest
days
of
my
life.2020-2021学年高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册单元测试AB卷
Unit
3
Environmental
Protection
A卷
基础夯实
一、阅读理解
1.The
Great
Wall,
China
???
Stretching
over
21,000
kilometers,
the
Great
Wall
was
built
to
prevent
invasions
and
has
a
history
of
more
than
2,000
years.
UNESCO
in
February
2019
calls
it
"an
absolute
masterpiece,
not
only
because
of
the
ambitious
character
of
the
undertaking
but
also
the
perfection
of
its
construction".
???
But
perfection
isn't
protection.
51.2
percent
of
the
Great
Wall
had
either
already
disappeared
or
is
at
a
significant
risk
of
disappearing.
Besides
for
wind
and
rain
erosion,
the
main
reasons
for
the
destruction
of
the
Great
Wall
are
human
factors
such
as
tourism,
construction,
human
contact
and
so
on.
Pamukkale,
Turkey
???
Pamukkale,
which
means
"cotton
castle"
in
Turkish,
is
famous
for
its
shining
white
calcite
terraces
(方解石阶地)
with
warm
and
mineral-rich
waters
overrun.
???
Before
being
listed
as
a
World
Heritage
Site
in
1988,
Pamukkale
had
been
severely
damaged
by
human
activities.
People
used
hot
spring
water
to
fill
swimming
pools,
some
visitors
stood
on
the
rocks
and
some
even
bathed
in
the
hot
springs
with
soap
and
shampoo.
To
protect
the
terraces,
the
Turkish
government
has
decided
to
pull
down
the
hotels
and
require
all
tourists
to
visit
this
site
barefoot.
The
Great
Barrier
Reef,
Australia
???
Home
to
400
types
of
coral
and
1,500
species
of
fish,
the
Great
Barrier
Reef
draws
visitors
to
Australia
from
all
over
the
world.
???
However,
the
Great
Barrier
Reef
is
expected
to
suffer
from
increasingly
frequent
bleaching
events,
cases
in
which
corals
turn
white
and
may
die,
according
to
a
UNESCO
report.
The
heat
waves
caused
by
global
warming
have
killed
half
of
the
coral
here
in
the
two
years,
according
to
a
CNN
report.
Pollution
from
industry
developments
and
harmful
fishing
practices
are
also
big
concerns.
The
Dead
Sea,
on
the
Israel-Jordan
border
???
At
429
meters
below
sea
level,
the
Dead
Sea
is
8
times
saltier
than
the
ocean,
meaning
that
the
water
is
so
dense
that
even
tourists
who
can't
swim
will
be
able
to
float.
???
But
the
seaside
resorts
built
in
the
1980s
now
sit
kilometers
away
from
the
edge
of
the
water,
which
has
lost
half
of
its
surface
area
in
the
past
40
years.
The
damage
is
irreversible
due
to
the
nature
of
the
mineral
industry
and
the
type
of
the
agricultural
use
that
consumes
lots
of
water.
1.Which
of
the
following
are
you
required
to
visit
without
shoes?
A.
The
Great
Wall,
China.
B.
Pamukkale,
Turkey.
C.
The
Great
Barrier
Reef,
Australia.
D.
The
Dead
Sea,
on
the
Israel-Jordan
border.
2.Which
of
the
following
statements
is
true?
A.
The
main
reason
for
the
destruction
of
the
Great
Wall
is
wind
and
rain
erosion.
B.
Pamukkale
was
damaged
by
human
activities
after
1988.
C.
Pollution
and
the
heatwaves
caused
by
global
warming
killed
much
coral
in
the
Great
Barrier
Reef.
D.
Half
of
the
Dead
Sea's
surface
area
has
disappeared
in
the
past
two
decades.
3.What
do
the
above
spots
have
in
common?
A.
They
are
all
famous
endangered
natural
spots.
B.
They're
damaged
only
by
human
activities.
C.
They
all
draw
the
attention
of
the
governments.
D.
They're
all
seriously
damaged.
2.???
World
Environment
Day
is
celebrated
annually
on
June
5th
and
was
created
to
inspire
people
around
the
globe
to
take
an
active
part
in
environmental
protection
and
learn
more
about
ways
we
can
help
to
guarantee
the
future
of
our
planet
is
safe.
???
The
very
first
World
Environment
Day
took
place
in
1974,
established
by
the
United
Nations
General
Assembly
on
the
first
day
of
the
Stockholm
Conference
on
the
human
environment
that
took
place
in
1972.
Each
year
the
United
Nations
picks
a
theme
and
a
host
city
where
anyone
who
is
concerned
about
the
environment
can
talk
about
environmental
topics
with
others,
followed
by
different
kinds
of
exhibits
to
promote
environmental
awareness.
Environmentalists,
academics
and
scientists
come
together
to
bring
new
ideas
on
the
table
concerning
the
environment.
???
The
latest
World
Environment
Day
was
hosted
by
India,
and
the
theme
was
Beat
Plastic
Pollution.
It
urged
people
to
explore
and
choose
alternatives
like
paper
or
cloth
bags
to
reduce
the
production
and
use
of
disposable
plastic,
which
makes
up
10%
of
all
of
the
waste.
Even
though
the
United
Nations
picks
a
specific
host
city
every
year,
people
around
the
world
still
celebrate
World
Environment
Day
in
their
hometowns
with
parades
(游行),
concerts,
cleaning
,tree
planting
and
all
kinds
of
green
actions
to
work
towards
having
a
beautiful
planet
and
battling
pollution.
World
Environment
Day
is
not
a
public
holiday,
so
you
won't
be
getting
the
day
off
work
or
school,
but
if
you
want
to
celebrate,
why
not
bring
it
to
the
attention
of
your
parents,
friends,
colleagues
or
classmates?
World
Environment
Day
is
all
about
working
together
to
take
action
for
the
planet,
so
try
to
get
everyone
you
know
interested
in
helping
do
something.
Things
as
small
as
making
sure
people
have
a
way
to
recycle
can
make
a
difference.
You
could
also
try
beautifying
your
neighborhood
by
planting
gardens,
learning
about
green
foods,
raising
money
for
a
local
wildlife
conservation
group
or
simply
learning
about
the
effects
of
different
products
on
the
earth.
1.Why
was
World
Environment
Day
set
up?
A.
To
make
people
know
more
about
nature.
B.
To
ask
people
to
help
to
protect
the
globe.
C.
To
warn
people
of
the
danger
of
air
pollution.
D.
To
encourage
people
to
plan
for
the
earth's
future.
2.What
do
people
do
on
World
Environment
Day?
A.
Decide
a
host
city.
B.
Hold
a
theme
party.
C.
Discuss
environmental
ideas.
D.
Show
some
plastic
products.
3.Which
of
the
following
is
the
closest
in
meaning
to
"disposable"
in
Paragraph
3?
A.
High-cost.
B.
Poor-quality.
C.
Second-hand.
D.
Single-use.
4.What's
the
main
idea
of
the
last
paragraph?
A.
Every
bit
of
effort
counts.
B.
Doing
is
better
than
saying.
C.
Many
hands
make
light
work.
D.
Nothing
is
impossible
to
a
willing
heart.
3.???
Chocolate
could
soon
be
a
thing
of
the
past
after
scientists'
warning
that
the
cacao
plant,
from
which
chocolate
is
made,
could
be
extinct
within
32
years.
???
Over
half
of
the
world's
chocolate
comes
from
just
two
countries
in
West
Africa—C?te
d'Ivoire
and
Ghana—where
the
temperature,
rain,
and
humidity
provide
the
perfect
conditions
for
cacao
to
grow.
But
rising
temperatures
over
the
next
three
decades
caused
by
climate
change
are
expected
to
result
in
a
loss
of
water
from
the
ground,
which
scientists
say
could
upset
this
balance.
???
According
to
the
related
data,
a
temperature
rise
of
just
2.1
℃
could
spell
an
end
for
the
chocolate
industry
worldwide
by
2050.
Farmers
in
the
region
are
already
considering
moving
cacao
production
areas
thousands
of
feet
uphill
into
mountainous
areas—many
of
which
are
currently
preserved
for
wildlife.
But
a
move
of
this
scale
could
destroy
the
ecosystems
that
are
already
under
threat
from
illegal
farming
and
deforestation.
???
One
of
the
problems,
according
to
Doug
Hawkins,
is
that
cacao
farming
methods
have
not
changed
for
hundreds
of
years.
"Unlike
other
tree
crops
that
have
benefited
from
the
development
of
modern,
high
yielding
strains
and
crop
management
techniques
to
realize
their
genetic
potential,
more
than
90%
of
the
global
cacao
crop
is
produced
by
small
farms
with
unimproved
planting
materials,"
he
said.
"It
means
that
we
could
be
facing
a
chocolate
decrease
of
100,000
tons
a
year
in
the
next
few
years."
???
Now
scientists
at
the
University
of
California,
Berkeley
have
teamed
up
with
American
candy
company
Mars
to
keep
chocolate
on
the
menu.
Using
the
controversial
(有争议的)
gene-editing
technology
known
as
CRISPR
they
are
trying
to
develop
a
type
of
cacao
plant
capable
of
surviving
in
dryer,
warmer
climates.
If
the
team's
work
on
the
cacao
plant
is
successful,
it
could
remove
the
need
for
farmers
in
West
Africa
to
relocate
to
higher
ground,
and
perhaps
even
allow
cacao
to
be
grown
elsewhere
in
the
world.
1.What
do
we
know
about
chocolate
from
the
text?
A.
Chocolate
will
disappear
from
the
menu
30
years
later.
B.
Chocolate
is
mainly
produced
by
African
countries.
C.
Chocolate
will
not
be
produced
by
2050
because
of
climate
change.
D.
A
new
type
of
chocolate
will
be
produced
with
the
help
of
CRISPR.
2.What
is
the
reason
for
the
probable
extinction
of
the
cacao
plant?
A.
The
damaged
ecosystems.
B.
Water
shortage
caused
by
climate
change.
C.
The
threat
from
illegal
farming
and
deforestation.
D.
The
changeable
farming
method.
3.What
is
the
writer's
attitude
to
the
application
of
CRISPR
to
develop
a
new
type
of
cacao
plant?
A.
Objective.
B.
Unconcerned.
C.
Supportive.
D.
Negative.
4.Where
does
the
passage
probably
come
from?
A.A
poster.
B.A
leaflet.
C.
An
advertisement.
D.A
magazine.
4.???
Not
only
does
the
use
of
plastic
water
bottles
hurt
your
wallet,
it
also
increases
pollution
and
wastes
energy.
Only
23%
of
all
plastic
in
America
ends
up
in
a
recycling
bin,
meaning
over
1
billion
dollars'
worth
of
plastic
is
treated
as
rubbish
a
year.
Recently,
Skipping
Rocks
Lab
has
invented
a
kind
of
water
bottle
called
Ooho.
???
It
is
a
convenient,
clear
water
bottle
that
can
either
be
drunk
or
be
eaten.
To
drink
it,
you
can
either
peel
off
the
membrane
(薄膜)
or
tear
a
hole
in
the
membrane
with
your
teeth
to
pour
the
water
into
your
mouth.
To
eat
it,
you
simply
put
the
whole
bottle
in
your
mouth.
One
problem
the
scientists
have
run
into
is
how
to
ship
lots
of
Ooho
bubbles
without
arriving
with
a
very
wet
truck.
However,
they
have
attempted
to
package
units
of
individual
bubbles
together
inside
a
larger
and
thicker
membrane.
It
is
targeting
large
outdoor
events
such
as
marathons,
music
festivals,
and
sports
events,
where
tons
of
plastic
bottles
are
used,
and
frequently
left
behind
as
litter.
And
too
much
plastic
is
sure
to
do
harm
to
the
environment,
which
could
account
for
the
purpose
of
such
a
new
invention.
???
The
team
have
been
working
on
it
for
the
past
two
years
to
develop
the
technology
and
materials
needed
to
produce
Ooho;
they
have
recently
applied
for
a
patent
on
their
new
advancement.
The
price
of
an
individual
bubble
or
a
unit
of
bubbles
has
not
been
set
yet,
but
it
costs
about
two
cents
to
create
a
unit,
which
is
cheaper
than
a
unit
of
plastic
bottles.
Ooho
has
appeared
at
events
in
London,
San
Francisco
and
Boston,
and
at
conferences,
festivals
and
so
on.
???
Ooho
is
catching
many
people's
attention
and
has
raised
over
$1
million
and
gained
1,000
investors
in
only
three
days.
It
is
mostly
being
sold
at
events
at
the
moment
to
keep
the
consumer's
interest
when
the
production
machine
is
running.
It
is
quickly
making
a
rise,
so
keep
an
eye
out
this
year
for
these
bottles
of
the
future.
1.How
is
most
plastic
dealt
with
in
America?
A.
It's
sold.
B.
It's
recycled.
C.
It's
buried.
D.
It's
wasted.
2.Why
did
the
team
invent
Ooho?
A.
To
make
a
profit
for
a
company.
B.
To
protect
the
environment.
C.
To
make
people
eat
as
they
drink.
D.
To
reduce
the
cost
of
the
plastic
bottle.
3.What
can
we
infer
about
Ooho
from
the
text?
A.
It
is
easy
and
safe
to
ship
it
in
large
amounts.
B.
It
has
become
popular
since
it
began
to
be
sold.
C.
It
might
be
sold
at
a
lower
price
than
plastic
bottles.
D.
It
cost
the
team
a
lot
of
money
to
develop
the
technology.
4.What
does
the
author
really
want
to
say
in
the
last
paragraph?
A.
Ooho
is
to
be
a
success
in
the
future.
B.
Ooho
is
being
supported
by
smart
people.
C.
Ooho
is
taking
the
place
of
plastic
bottles
now.
D.
Ooho
is
being
produced
to
attract
more
investors.
二、七选五
Ways
to
Reduce
Plastic
Waste
???
Plastic
has
been
found
virtually
in
everything
these
days.
Your
food
is
packaged
in
it.
Your
car,
phone
and
computer
are
made
from
it.
①_____.
While
most
plastics
are
advertised
as
recyclable,
the
reality
is
that
they're
"downcycled".
???
Luckily,
there
are
simple
steps
you
can
take
to
dramatically
decrease
the
amount
of
plastic
waste
you
produce.
???
②_____
???
One
of
the
easiest
ways
to
keep
plastic
out
of
the
landfill
is
to
refuse
plastic
straws.
Simply
inform
your
waiter
or
waitress
that
you
don't
need
one,
and
be
sure
to
state
this
clearly
when
ordering
at
a
drive-through.
Can't
stand
giving
up
the
convenience
of
plastic
straws?
③_____.
Restaurant
workers
will
be
less
likely
to
bring
you
a
plastic
one
if
they
see
that
you've
brought
your
own.
???
Use
reusable
bags
???
About
one
million
plastic
bags
are
used
every
minute.
A
single
plastic
bag
can
take
1,000
years
to
degrade(降解)
.
If
you're
already
bringing
reusable
bags
to
the
grocery
store,
you're
on
the
right
track.
Purchase
some
reusable
bags
and
help
keep
even
more
plastic
out
of
the
landfill.
However,
you
should
avoid
those
bags
made
from
nylon
or
polyester
(聚酯纤维).
④_____.
???
Use
matches
???
⑤_____,
if
you
need
to
light
a
candle,
build
a
campfire
or
start
a
fire
for
any
other
reason.
These
cheap
plastic
devices
can
sit
in
landfills
for
years
and
have
been
even
found
in
dead
birds'
stomachs.
If
you
can't
bear
to
part
with
your
lighter,
pick
up
a
refillable
metal
one
to
help
cut
down
on
waste.
A.Say
no
to
plastic
straws
B.Choose
cotton
ones
instead
C.Don't
use
plastic
containers
D.Choose
matches
instead
of
plastic
lighters
E.Most
restaurants
will
have
no
problem
with
it
F.And
you
might
even
chew
it
daily
in
the
form
of
gum
G.Purchase
a
reusable
stainless
steel
or
glass
drinking
straw
三、完形填空
???
When
Laura
Wood's
senior
year
began,
she
was
expecting
to
talk
to
the
usual
handful
of
members
in
the
Environmental
Club
of
Scarborough.
??
1??
,
she
found
herself
standing
in
front
of
60
of
her
peers.
???
The
year
before
Wood
took
over
as
??
2??
,
the
new
club
was
still
trying
to
establish
itself.
As
the
first
meeting
??
3??
,
she
worked
hard
to
advertise
that
the
club
still
existed
and
was
looking
for???
4??
?members.
Her
campaign
worked.
Sixty???
5??
?showed
up
to
hear
what
Wood
would
say
about
helping
to
improve
the
local
environment.
???
"It
was???
6??
,"
said
Wood.
"I
really
wasn't???
7??
?60
kids,
you
know,
because
last
year
there
were
only
10.
We
want
to
help
purchase
our
school
the
first???
8??
?minibus."
???
Under
Wood's
direction,
the
club
suddenly
started
to
grow
??
9??
.
Later,
it
opened
the
green
bus
bank
account.
???
With
the
club,
Wood
also
collected
cans
and
paper
both
to
raise
more
money
and
to
help
the
school
reduce
??
10??
.
This
wasn't
always
an
easy
job.
Wood
didn't
just
pick
up
??
11??
;
she
sorted
the
useful
waste
out,
sometimes
after
it
had
been???
12??
?thrown
away.
"We'd
be
a
little???
13????most
of
the
time
in
the
afternoons,"
said
Wood.
???
By
the
end
of
the
year
they
had
been???
14??
?about
$60
a
week
by
saving
the
cans
and
bottles.
This
is
what
Wood
usually
goes
about
starting
change:
quietly
but
effectively.
"She's
a????
15??
?kid,"
said
Principal
Andrew
Dolloff.
"She
just
doesn't
do
flashy(招摇的)
things
to
get
noticed."
1.A.
Therefore
B.
Instead
C.
Besides
D.
Anyhow
2.A.
president
B.
teacher
C.
worker
D.
employer
3.A.
announced
B.
suggested
C.
ended
D.
approached
4.A.
old
B.
national
C.
new
D.
official
5.A.
students
B.
experts
C.
professors
D.
cleaners
6.A.
interesting
B.
exciting
C.
frustrating
D.
amusing
7.A.
recognizing
B.
calling
C.
expecting
D.
counting
8.A.
clean
B.
green
C.
safe
D.
fast
9.A.
mentally
B.
physically
C.
politically
D.
financially
10.A.
waste
B.
cost
C.
pressure
D.
problems
11.A.
recycling
B.
learning
C.
practicing
D.
funding
12.A.
clearly
B.
hurriedly
C.
deliberately
D.
mistakenly
13.A.
crazy
B.
healthy
C.
smelly
D.
busy
14.A.
losing
B.
averaging
C.
counting
D.
paying
15.A.
strange
B.
silly
C.
lovely
D.
great
四、语法填空
The
beautiful
Li
River
attracts
millions
of
domestic
and
foreign
visitors
each
year.
However,
it
suffered
serious
water
pollution
with
more
household
and
commercial
waste?①
_____?(end)
up
in
the
river.
Local
officials
were?②_____?(concern)
that
the
pollution
was
damaging
the
natural
environment.
They
took
a
number
of
measures??③
_____
addressed
the
issue.
The
construction
of
waste
water
treatment?④_____
(facility)
improved
the
water
quality
and
water
conservation.
The
collection
and
transport
of
household
waste?⑤_____
(be)
also
improved.
Dozens
of
polluting
enterprises
were
closed?⑥_____
moved.
The
local
government
set
up
strict
regulations
regarding
further
industrial?⑦_____
(develop).
New
rules
were
also
introduced
regarding
tour
boat
routes
and
garbage
disposal
methods.
Furthermore,
the
local
authorities
began
to
use
the
media?⑧_____?(spread)
environmental
awareness
and
encourage
greater
use
of
clean
energy.
At
the
same
time,
they
started
to
carry
out
inspections?⑨_____?(regular)
and
fine
tourist
organisations
for
abuses.?⑩_____
these
measures,
it
is
believed
that
the
beauty
of
the
Li
River
will
be
preserved
for
generations
to
come.
五、写作
1.假如你是李华,学校最近要组织一次英语演讲比赛,主题为"垃圾分类益处多"。请你根据此话题写一篇演讲稿。要点如下:
1.?你的观点;
2.?你的建议。
参考词汇:垃圾分类
garbage
classification
注意:
1.?词数80左右;
?2.?可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
???
Jack
and
his
wife
Tonya
were
sailing
around
Africa
with
their
friends
Max
and
Sasha.
One
day
they
saw
a
big
fishing
boat.
It
was
moving
fast.
???
"Hello!"
they
shouted.
The
men
on
the
boat
looked
at
them
angrily.
Max
looked
carefully
at
the
boat.
???
"Something
is
wrong
with
their
fishing
net,"
he
said.
They
got
nearer
to
the
net.
???
"What's
that?"
said
Tonya.
"There
is
something
in
the
net.
It's
alive."
???
Very
slowly
they
moved
nearer.
???
"I
can
see
it
now,"
said
Tonya.
"It's
a
killer
whale—it's
hurt.
There's
blood
in
the
water.
How
can
we
help
it?"
???
"I
can
see
it
too.
It's
a
baby
but
we
must
be
careful,"
said
Max.
???
Jack
jumped
into
the
water.
"I
can
get
the
net
off
its
fin
(鳍),"
he
said.
???
Jack
got
the
net
off
the
baby
killer
whale.
There
was
a
big
cut
on
its
fin.
It
swam
away.
Suddenly
there
were
other
killer
whales
near
the
boat.
???
"Jack!"
shouted
Tonya.
"Get
on
quickly."
Jack
swam
to
the
boat
as
fast
as
a
fish.
"That
baby
killer
whale…I
am
going
to
call
it
Lucky,"
he
said.
???
As
they
moved
away,
it
began
to
rain
harder
and
harder.
???
Jack
said,
"We
must
get
away
from
the
wind.
I
can
see
a
town
over
there.
Let's
go."
???
The
town
got
nearer
but
the
waves
got
bigger.
Suddenly
a
very
big
wave
hit
the
boat.
"Is
everyone
OK?"
shouted
Jack.
???
"Tonya?
She's
not
in
the
boat,"
said
Sasha.
"She's
in
the
water!"
???
They
looked
into
the
cold,
dark
water
for
hours.
"Tonya!
Say
something,
Tonya!
Where
are
you?"
shouted
Max.
???
The
wind
got
stronger
and
the
boat
was
full
of
water.
Another
big
wave
hit
the
boat.
???
"Jack,
do
you
want
us
all
to
die?"
said
Max.
"We
can't
do
any
more.
Tonya
is
wearing
a
life
jacket
(救生衣)
and
she
can
swim
very
well.
Let's
sail
to
the
town."
???
Moments
later
the
boat
hit
a
beach.
They
got
off.
Max
and
Sasha
slept
on
the
beach.
Jack
sat
near
the
water,
looking
at
the
sea
and
thinking
about
Tonya.
Paragraph
1:
At
that
time,
Tonya
was
five
hundred
meters
away
out
in
the
sea.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph
2:
Jack
was
walking
along
the
beach
and
suddenly
he
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
一、
1.答案：1-3
BCD
解析：1.
细节理解题。由第四段的最后一句"To
protect
the
terraces,
the
Turkish
government
has
decided
to
pull
down
the
hotels
and
require
all
tourists
to
visit
this
site
barefoot."中的barefoot（赤脚地）可知，B项符合题意。
2.
细节理解题。根据第六段最后两句"The
heatwaves
caused
by
global
warming
have
killed
half
of
the
coral
here
in
the
past
two
years,
according
to
a
CNN
report.
Pollution
from
industry
development
and
harmful
fishing
practices
are
also
big
concerns."可知C项正确；由第二段中的"Besides
wind
and
rain
erosion,
the
main
reasons
for
the
destruction
of
the
Great
Wall
are
human
factors
such
as
tourism,
construction,
and
human
contact."可以看出，长城受破坏的主要原因是人类因素，如旅游、建筑、人类触摸等，排除A项；由第四段中的"Before
being
listed
as
a
World
Heritage
Site
in
1988,
Pamukkale
had
been
severely
damaged
by
human
activities."可以看出，棉花城堡在1988年以前就已经受到人类活动的破坏，排除B项；由第八段中的"...which
has
lost
half
of
its
surface
area
in
the
past
40
years."可以判断，死海面积的减少是在近40年，排除D项。
3.
推理判断题。综观全文，四个景点中并非全部是自然景点（natural
spots），如长城，故可排除A项；这些景点遭到破坏并非全都是因为人类活动，还有自然原因，故排除B项；文中只提及了棉花城堡的破坏引起了政府关注，故排除C项。文中对四个景点的介绍都提到了其被破坏的情况，而且破坏程度都不小，故D项（它们都遭到了严重破坏。）符合题意。
2.答案：1-4
BCDA
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的World
Environment
Day...was
created
to
inspire...可知，设立世界环境日的目的是鼓励人们积极参与环境保护并了解多种方法来帮助确保地球将来的安全，故选B。
2.
细节理解题。根据第二段中的where
anyone
who
is
concerned
about
the
environment
can
talk
about
environmental
topics
with
others以及第二段最后一句可知，在世界环境日这一天人们主要讨论环境问题。C项符合题意，故选C。
3.
词义猜测题。根据第三段中的Beat
Plastic
Pollution及现实情况可知，文中提到的最近一个世界环境日即2018年世界环境日的主题是"塑战速决"，再结合画线词前面的It
urged
people
to
explore
and
choose
alternatives
like
paper
or
cloth
bags和画线词后面的which
makes
up
10%
of
all
of
the
waste可知，disposable
plastic（一次性塑料）造成大量资源浪费，所以D项"供一次使用的"符合语境，故选D。
4.
主旨大意题。根据最后一段的内容可知，世界环境日不是公共节日，所以人们不放假。但如果你想庆祝的话，为何不让你周围的人关注它呢？后面又列举了一些可以起作用的小事，所以最后一段主要是讲每个人都可以从身边的小事做起，行动起来保护地球，每个人的微小努力都很重要，故选A。
3.答案：1-4
BBCD
解析：1.
细节理解题。根据第二段中的Over
half
of
the
world's
chocolate
comes
from
just
two
countries
in
West
Africa-----C?te
d'Ivoire
and
Ghana-----where
the
temperature,
rain,
and
humidity
provide
the
perfect
conditions
for
cacao
to
grow.可知，世界上一半以上的巧克力来自西非的科特迪瓦和加纳这两个国家，因此巧克力主要由非洲国家生产。故选B项。
2.
推理判断题。根据第二段中的But
rising
temperatures
over
the
next
three
decades
caused
by
climate
change
are
expected
to
result
in
a
loss
of
water
from
the
ground,
which
scientists
say
could
upset
this
balance.可知，未来30年，预计气候变化造成的气温上升将导致地面失水，这可能会破坏可可树生长环境的平衡。再结合第三段中的According
to
the
related
data,
a
temperature
rise
of
just
2.1
℃
could
spell
an
end
for
the
chocolate
industry
worldwide
by
2050.可知，可可树很可能灭绝的原因是气候变化引起的缺水。故选B项。
3.
推理判断题。根据文章最后一句If
the
team's
work
on
the
cacao
plant
is
successful,
it
could
remove
the
need
for
farmers
in
West
Africa
to
relocate
to
higher
ground,
and
perhaps
even
allow
cacao
to
be
grown
elsewhere
in
the
world.
可知，如果该项目取得成功，西非农民就不用搬迁到高地了，甚至可能允许可可树在世界其他地方种植。由此看出，作者支持该项目，且对该项目抱有很大希望。故选C项。
4.
推理判断题。根据文章的内容和文体形式综合分析，本文与科学研究和环境有关，由此判断这篇文章很有可能来自一本杂志。故选D项。
4.答案：1-4
DBCA
解析：1.
细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，在美国只有23%的塑料最终到了回收箱，这意味着每年有价值超过10亿美元的塑料被视为垃圾。据此可知，在美国，大部分塑料被浪费了，故D项正确。
2.
细节理解题。根据第二段尾句可知，由于太多塑料的使用对环境有害，因此Skipping
Rocks
Lab发明了一种可以食用的包装材料Ooho以保护环境，故B项正确。
3.
推理判断题。根据第三段第二句可知，该产品的制造成本比塑料瓶低，据此可推知，该产品的售价也可能比塑料瓶低，故C项正确；由第一段中的One
problem
the
scientists
have
run
into
is
how
to
ship
lots
of
Ooho
bubbles
without
arriving
with
a
very
wet
truck.可以判断，在运输过程中遇到了问题，所以A项错误；B、D两项的内容在文中没有提及。
4.
推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知，Ooho吸引了很多人的注意，在三天时间内就得到了1,000位投资者的投资，筹集到100多万美元；再结合最后一段最后一句可推知，作者在最后一段想要表达的是在未来Ooho一定能获得成功，故A项正确。
二、
答案：①-⑤
FAGBD
解析：①本段意在说明塑料在日常生活中随处可见，并举出了食品包装等例子。据此可判断空处应该与前几句是并列或递进关系，也是说塑料的存在形式，F项提到一种塑料的形式，即口香糖，符合文意，故选F。
②根据文章结构可知，此处为该段的小标题。由全段内容可知，这里讲的是塑料吸管（plastic
straws）的问题。故答案为A。
③空处所在段讲的是关于拒绝使用塑料吸管的话题。空处上句的意思是"拒绝不了吸管带来的便利?"，空处下句表示"如果餐厅工作人员看到你带了自己的（吸管），他们就不太可能会给你一根塑料吸管。"，据此可确定这里建议读者自己带吸管，故选G。
④空处所在段的小标题表示"使用能重复使用的袋子"，空处上句是说不要使用尼龙或聚酯纤维材质的袋子。结合选项可确定这里要讲提倡使用的袋子，故选B。
⑤由空处所在段的小标题判断，该段讲的是关于火柴的问题。分析各选项可知，只有D项（选择火柴而不是塑料打火机。）与之相符，故答案为D。
三、
答案：1-5
BADCA
6-10
BCBDA
11-15
ADCBD
解析：1.
结合第三段中Wood所说的话可知，她本来以为会员会寥寥无几，但没想到会员竟达到了60个。此处表示转折，故用Instead，表示"相反"。
2.
根据该空前的took
over以及第四段中的Under
Wood's
direction可知，Wood成了该俱乐部的主席，故用president。
3.
结合常识和第二段可知，此处表示当第一次会议就要来临（approached）的时候，她尽力为俱乐部进行宣传。
4.
根据语境可知，此处表示俱乐部正在招募新（new）会员。
5.
根据文章第一句可知，Wood是个学生。再结合文中多次出现的school可知，前来听Wood讲话的是俱乐部招募的学生（students）会员。
6.
根据本段内容可知，这次学生们非常踊跃，前来参加会议的人很多，Wood没有想到有这么多人，由此推知此处表示Wood说"这是令人兴奋的（exciting）"。
7.
结合该段中Wood所说的话可知，她没有预料到（expecting）会有这么多同学参与。文章第一句中的expecting也给出了提示。
8.
根据Wood发起的是环保运动可知，她想帮助学校买一辆环保的（green）小型公共汽车。
9.
因为参与的人数剧增，俱乐部在财力方面（financially）突然开始增长，所以才有了下一句中提到的银行账户的建立。
10.
结合语境和常识可知，收集罐子和纸是为了筹资并帮助学校减少浪费（waste）。
11.
她不仅仅回收（recycling）垃圾，还把垃圾里面有用的东西挑选出来。
12.
该空前的it指代垃圾中有用的东西。有时这些东西是被人们误扔的，故用mistakenly（错误地）。
13.
因为需要分拣垃圾，所以他们身上有些难闻。smelly有难闻气味的。
14.
由该空后的about
$60
a
week及语境可知他们平均每星期赚约60美元。average在此处为动词，表示"平均为"。
15.
根据最后一段中对Wood的评价可知，她很务实，从不哗众取宠，因此Andrew
Dolloff
说她是一个了不起的（great）孩子。
四、
答案：①ending
②concerned
③that/which
④facilities
⑤was
⑥or
⑦development
⑧to
spread
⑨regularly
⑩With
解析：①考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，由于更多的家庭和商业废物最终进入河中，它遭受了严重的水污染。此处名词waste与end是主动关系，因此用现在分词形式作with复合结构中的宾补。
②考查形容词。句意：当地官员担心污染正在破坏自然环境。be
concerned
that担心……。
③考查定语从句。句意：他们采取了解决这个问题的许多措施。设空处引导定语从句且在从句中作主语，修饰measures，故用that或which。
④考查名词的数。句意：污水处理设施的建设改善了水质，节约了用水。facility是可数名词，其前没有限定词，再根据句意可知应该用复数形式。
⑤考查时态和主谓一致。句意：生活垃圾的收集和运输也得到了改善。由语境可知用一般过去时；句子的主语中心词是The
collection
and
transport，意思是"收集和运输"，看作一个整体，因此谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
⑥考查连词。句意：许多污染企业被关闭或搬迁。or表示选择关系，意思是"或者"。
⑦考查名词。句意：当地政府制定了关于进一步发展工业的严格规定。industrial是形容词，所以空格处用名词development，表示"发展"。
⑧考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，地方当局开始利用媒体传播环保意识，并鼓励（人们）更多地使用清洁能源。use
sth.
to
do
sth.用某物做某事。
⑨考查副词。句意：同时，他们开始定期检查……。此空修饰动词短语carry
out，因此用副词。
⑩考查介词。句意：有了这些措施，人们相信漓江的美将会被保存下来，留给未来的世世代代。With在此处意思为"有，拥有"。
五、
1.答案：
Hello,
everyone!
I'm
glad
to
have
this
chance
to
share
some
ideas
about
garbage
classification
with
you.
In
my
opinion,
the
earth
is
home
to
every
individual,
and
it's
our
duty
to
protect
the
environment
voluntarily.
By
sorting
waste,
we
can
not
only
reduce
pollution
but
also
conserve
energy,
which
will
pave
the
way
for
the
recycling
of
valuable
resources.
For
the
sake
of
our
environment
and
life,
we
are
expected
to
learn
to
sort
rubbish
and
make
it
a
habit.
Every
individual
can
make
a
difference
and
let's
bring
a
brighter
future
for
the
planet!
Thank
you!
2.答案：
Paragraph
1:
At
that
time,
Tonya
was
five
hundred
meters
away
out
in
the
sea.
The
waves
were
big
and
the
wind
was
strong.
Tonya
was
swimming
with
great
difficulty
when
she
heard
something.
Ten
meters
in
front
was
a
killer
whale
with
a
big
fin.
It
was
making
noises.
Behind
it
was
another
whale.
And
another...
"Killer
whales
eat
people.
I'm
going
to
die,"
thought
Tonya.
The
killer
whales
came
nearer
and
nearer.
Tonya
closed
her
eyes.
The
next
moment
she
was
on
the
back
of
a
killer
whale.
It
moved
towards
the
beach.
Paragraph
2:
Jack
was
walking
along
the
beach
and
suddenly
he
saw
something
in
the
distance.
He
walked
nearer.
It
was
a
woman.
"Tonya?"
he
ran
and
shouted.
"Is
that
you?"
cried
Tonya.
"Oh,
Jack!
You're
OK!"
Jack
hugged
Tonya
tightly.
He
couldn't
speak!
"Max
and
Sasha?"
"OK,"
answered
Jack.
"How
lucky
we
are!"
Tonya
saw
a
small
fin
in
the
water.
It
moved
slowly
to
the
sea.
"It's
waving
goodbye,"
thought
Tonya.
"Lucky.
Yes,
Lucky,"
she
said
quietly
to
Jack.