2012年高考英语二轮复习学案：非谓语动词
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总课时数 15-16 科目 高三英语 使用时间 3．19\3.25
主备人 王玲燕 使用人
课题名称 二轮复习--------非谓语动词
学习目标：1 分类2 各自在句子中充当的成分
重点和难点：1做状语、定语、补语的区分2非谓语动词时态和语态的正确选择
参考资料： 创新教程217-219，233-235，248-249
1非谓语动词在类别上大致可分为三类。
【第一类】：“ing”类型，在语态上,“ing”分词表主动。在时态上，分为一般式和完成式。
考点解析：非谓语动词“ing”类，考简单一点，可以直接考语态，也就是考察学生对事或物与动作之间主动或被动关系的理解。如
1. In April, 2009, President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao, the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy.
A. marking B. marked C. having marked D. being marked
解析：这道题主要考察了非谓语动词中的语态问题。显然President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao与mark应该是主动关系，所以这里用marking the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy.在句中作结果状语。所以选A。
当然，也可以将时态的考察放进去。例如，04年江苏卷
2.The old man, abroad for twenty years , is on the way back to his motherland.
A. to work B. working C. to have work D .having worked
解析：此句用现在分词作后置定语，注意for twenty years，所以应该用分词的完成式。故选D。
【注意】：分词的完成式一般不用来作定语，只能作状语。但是非限制性后置定语则可用分词的完成式。【归纳总结】：一看语态，二看时态，三注意语法上的限制。
【第二类】：“ed”类型，在语态上表被动。在时态上，一般只有一般式。
考点解析：“ed”类型在语态上的考察与“ing”类是一样的，主要考查学生对主动，被动的辨别力，但有所不同的是在时态上，“ed”类型的非谓语动词在作状语时一般不强调时间的先后，只说明原因条件等，但这不是绝对的，有时题目中会有明显的时间点，我们就要考虑时态的变化。例如，09年北京卷第34题
3. ____ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we changed our dog.
A. Being bitten B. Bitten C. Having bitten D. To be bitten
解析：此题中，postman与bite应该是被动关系，其次考虑时态，显然这里是作状语表原因，并且也没有很明确的时间点，所以用bitten就可以了。所以选B。
但也不是绝对的，例如我们可以说Having been told several times, he couldn’t understand what I meant. 也可以说Told several times ,he couldn’t understand what I meant.一般题目不会同时出现这两个选项，如果出现，就要观察句意是否着重强调时间的先后。例如，Being used by me now, the bike can’t be lent to you.这句中就着重强调了所处的时间段“now”，所以the bike can’t be lent to you！
【归纳总结】：一看语态，二看时态，仔细斟酌。
【第三类】：“inf”类型，不定式的考察主要聚焦在它在句中所作的成分以及所对应时态的理解。时态上，不定时有一般式（与谓语动词几乎同时发生），完成式（先于谓语动词之前发生），和进行式（在谓语动词发生时正在进行）。如，
4. ______ the project in time, the staff were working at weekends.
A. Competing B. Having completed C. To have completed D. To complete
解析：此题考察了不定式在句中作目的状语，由题意可知complete应在work之后，所以只需用一般式就可以了。所以选D.
5 5 I can hardly imagine Peter ____across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
A sail B. to sail C. to be sailing D. to have sailed
解析：很显然，sail 应该在imagine之前就发生了，所以选D.
同时在动词不定式的考察中还会涉及到一些小的语法知识点，现归纳如下
1.“only+动词不定式”常表示未预料到的结果，令人失望的结果。
2.动词接不定式或ing形式意义不同，例如forget to do 和forget doing，regret to do 和regret doing 等等。
3.分词作状语时，注意动词不定式的逻辑主语与主句中的主语是否一致
4. 注意动词不定式在句中的成分，一般动词不定式可以作主语、定语、状语、宾语和宾语补足语等等，理解其成分有助于解题。
5 .have \let\make\ 使役动词，notice、observe, see, observe等后接sb+do.
【归纳总结】：把握题意，关注时态，注意语法细节。
非谓语动词除了时态，语态上要注意，它们各自在句中的成分分析也不容忽视，这往往也是解题的关键。
一、【对动词不定式和动名词作宾语时的考察】
(07安徽)6.Robert is indeed a wise man.
Oh, yes. How often I have regretted ____his advice!
A. to take B .taking C .not to take D. not taking
解析：regret doing 意为后悔做过某事，显然这里成立,taking his advice在句中作regret 的宾语，not直接加在前面就可以了。
二、【对非谓语动词作定语的考察】
(07湖南)7.Things _____never come again! I couldn’t help talking to myself!
A. lost B. losing C. to lose D. have lost
解析：对句意的分析可知，此处应用lost作后置定语来修饰things.所以选A.
三、【对动词不定式和分词作状语的考察】
(09江西)8. _________ the right kind of training , these teenage soccer players may one day grow into the international stars.
A. Giving B. Having given C. To give D. Given
解析：本题考查了不定式作原因状语。Give 与 soccer players应是被动关系，所以选D.
四、【对动词不定式和分词作补足语的考察】
（07全国）9.I smell something _____in the kitchen.
Can I call you back in a minute
A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt
解析：本题考察分词作宾语补足语。宾语something与补足语burn应是主动关系，所以选A.【注意】：谓语动词hope, agree等不能接动词不定式作宾语补足语。
经典高考题
1. ____ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lost
2. The patient was warned __________oily food after the operation.
A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating
3. The Olympic Games, ____ in 776B.C., did not include women players until 1912.
A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing
4. I would love _______to the party last night but I have to work extra hours to finish a report.
A. to go B. having gone C. going D. to have gone
5. Cleaning women in big cities usually get ____ by the hour.
A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay
6. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door ____ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.”
A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading
7. Robert is said __________abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in.
A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying
8. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _________it more difficult.
A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make
9. I’ve worked with children before, so I know what ________in my new job.
A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects
10. __________late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm.
A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sleep
11. Tony was very unhappy for ___________to the party.
A. having not been invited B. not having invited
C. having not invited D. not having been invited
12. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _________the next year.
A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out
13. I really appreciate ________to relax with you on this nice island.
A. to have had time B. having time C. to have time D. to having time
14. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears __________everything.
A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told
15. ____________to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin.
A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed
16. ---How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers
---The key ________the problem is to meet the demand _________by the customers.
A. to solving, making B. to solving, made
C. to solve, making D. to solve, made
17. The research is so designed that once _________nothing can be done to change it.
A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun
18. Generally speaking, ________according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.（副作用）
A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken
19. The teacher asked us ________so much noise.
A. don’t make B. not make C. not making D. not to make
20. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ________in the kitchen.
A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked
21. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain __________as the plane was making a landing.
A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating
22. Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents___________.
A. worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry
23. ____________the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks.
A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed
D. Having not completed
24. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time ________the exam.
A. pass B. to pass C. passed D. passing
25. The flowers _________sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of name. A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt
26. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when __________ at the meeting by my boss.
A. questioning B. having questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned
27. He looked around and caught a man ________his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting
28. This company was the first ________portable radios as well as cassette tapes recorders in the world.
A. producing B. to produce C. having produced D. produced
29. ___________with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice.
A. To face B. Having faced C. Faced D. Facing
30. The storm left, ____________a lot of damage to this area.
A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused
31（09安徽）The play____ next month aims mainly to reflect the ___ local culture．
A．produced B．being produced C．to be produced D．having been produced
32(09北京) For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit ___ on his own farm.
A. grown B. being grown C. to be grown D. to grow
33（09福建） _____not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.
A. Reminding B. Reminded C. To remind D. Having reminded
34（09海南）Now that we're discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions __ A. taking B. take C. taken D. to take
35（09湖南） Every evening after dinner, if not _____ from work, I will spend some time walking my dog.
A. being tired B. tiring C. tired D. to be tired
36(09江苏) Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, ___reduce unemployment pressures.
A. help B. to have helped C. to help D. having helped
37（09江西） The government plans to bring in new laws ___ parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children.
A. forced B. forcing C. to be forced D. having forced
38(09天津) _____ by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.
A. Being encouraged B. Encouraging C. Encouraged D. Having encouraged
39（09四川） _______ many times , he finally understood it.
A. Told B. Telling C. Having told D. Having been told
40（09浙江）______ and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.
A. To be tried B. Tired C. Tiring D. Being tired
主备人 王玲燕 使用人
课题名称 二轮复习--------非谓语动词
学习目标：1 分类2 各自在句子中充当的成分
重点和难点：1做状语、定语、补语的区分2非谓语动词时态和语态的正确选择
参考资料： 创新教程217-219，233-235，248-249
1非谓语动词在类别上大致可分为三类。
【第一类】：“ing”类型，在语态上,“ing”分词表主动。在时态上，分为一般式和完成式。
考点解析：非谓语动词“ing”类，考简单一点，可以直接考语态，也就是考察学生对事或物与动作之间主动或被动关系的理解。如
1. In April, 2009, President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao, the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy.
A. marking B. marked C. having marked D. being marked
解析：这道题主要考察了非谓语动词中的语态问题。显然President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao与mark应该是主动关系，所以这里用marking the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy.在句中作结果状语。所以选A。
当然，也可以将时态的考察放进去。例如，04年江苏卷
2.The old man, abroad for twenty years , is on the way back to his motherland.
A. to work B. working C. to have work D .having worked
解析：此句用现在分词作后置定语，注意for twenty years，所以应该用分词的完成式。故选D。
【注意】：分词的完成式一般不用来作定语，只能作状语。但是非限制性后置定语则可用分词的完成式。【归纳总结】：一看语态，二看时态，三注意语法上的限制。
【第二类】：“ed”类型，在语态上表被动。在时态上，一般只有一般式。
考点解析：“ed”类型在语态上的考察与“ing”类是一样的，主要考查学生对主动，被动的辨别力，但有所不同的是在时态上，“ed”类型的非谓语动词在作状语时一般不强调时间的先后，只说明原因条件等，但这不是绝对的，有时题目中会有明显的时间点，我们就要考虑时态的变化。例如，09年北京卷第34题
3. ____ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we changed our dog.
A. Being bitten B. Bitten C. Having bitten D. To be bitten
解析：此题中，postman与bite应该是被动关系，其次考虑时态，显然这里是作状语表原因，并且也没有很明确的时间点，所以用bitten就可以了。所以选B。
但也不是绝对的，例如我们可以说Having been told several times, he couldn’t understand what I meant. 也可以说Told several times ,he couldn’t understand what I meant.一般题目不会同时出现这两个选项，如果出现，就要观察句意是否着重强调时间的先后。例如，Being used by me now, the bike can’t be lent to you.这句中就着重强调了所处的时间段“now”，所以the bike can’t be lent to you！
【归纳总结】：一看语态，二看时态，仔细斟酌。
【第三类】：“inf”类型，不定式的考察主要聚焦在它在句中所作的成分以及所对应时态的理解。时态上，不定时有一般式（与谓语动词几乎同时发生），完成式（先于谓语动词之前发生），和进行式（在谓语动词发生时正在进行）。如，
4. ______ the project in time, the staff were working at weekends.
A. Competing B. Having completed C. To have completed D. To complete
解析：此题考察了不定式在句中作目的状语，由题意可知complete应在work之后，所以只需用一般式就可以了。所以选D.
5 5 I can hardly imagine Peter ____across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
A sail B. to sail C. to be sailing D. to have sailed
解析：很显然，sail 应该在imagine之前就发生了，所以选D.
同时在动词不定式的考察中还会涉及到一些小的语法知识点，现归纳如下
1.“only+动词不定式”常表示未预料到的结果，令人失望的结果。
2.动词接不定式或ing形式意义不同，例如forget to do 和forget doing，regret to do 和regret doing 等等。
3.分词作状语时，注意动词不定式的逻辑主语与主句中的主语是否一致
4. 注意动词不定式在句中的成分，一般动词不定式可以作主语、定语、状语、宾语和宾语补足语等等，理解其成分有助于解题。
5 .have \let\make\ 使役动词，notice、observe, see, observe等后接sb+do.
【归纳总结】：把握题意，关注时态，注意语法细节。
非谓语动词除了时态，语态上要注意，它们各自在句中的成分分析也不容忽视，这往往也是解题的关键。
一、【对动词不定式和动名词作宾语时的考察】
(07安徽)6.Robert is indeed a wise man.
Oh, yes. How often I have regretted ____his advice!
A. to take B .taking C .not to take D. not taking
解析：regret doing 意为后悔做过某事，显然这里成立,taking his advice在句中作regret 的宾语，not直接加在前面就可以了。
二、【对非谓语动词作定语的考察】
(07湖南)7.Things _____never come again! I couldn’t help talking to myself!
A. lost B. losing C. to lose D. have lost
解析：对句意的分析可知，此处应用lost作后置定语来修饰things.所以选A.
三、【对动词不定式和分词作状语的考察】
(09江西)8. _________ the right kind of training , these teenage soccer players may one day grow into the international stars.
A. Giving B. Having given C. To give D. Given
解析：本题考查了不定式作原因状语。Give 与 soccer players应是被动关系，所以选D.
四、【对动词不定式和分词作补足语的考察】
（07全国）9.I smell something _____in the kitchen.
Can I call you back in a minute
A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt
解析：本题考察分词作宾语补足语。宾语something与补足语burn应是主动关系，所以选A.【注意】：谓语动词hope, agree等不能接动词不定式作宾语补足语。
经典高考题
1. ____ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lost
2. The patient was warned __________oily food after the operation.
A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating
3. The Olympic Games, ____ in 776B.C., did not include women players until 1912.
A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing
4. I would love _______to the party last night but I have to work extra hours to finish a report.
A. to go B. having gone C. going D. to have gone
5. Cleaning women in big cities usually get ____ by the hour.
A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay
6. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door ____ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.”
A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading
7. Robert is said __________abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in.
A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying
8. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _________it more difficult.
A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make
9. I’ve worked with children before, so I know what ________in my new job.
A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects
10. __________late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm.
A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sleep
11. Tony was very unhappy for ___________to the party.
A. having not been invited B. not having invited
C. having not invited D. not having been invited
12. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _________the next year.
A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out
13. I really appreciate ________to relax with you on this nice island.
A. to have had time B. having time C. to have time D. to having time
14. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears __________everything.
A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told
15. ____________to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin.
A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed
16. ---How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers
---The key ________the problem is to meet the demand _________by the customers.
A. to solving, making B. to solving, made
C. to solve, making D. to solve, made
17. The research is so designed that once _________nothing can be done to change it.
A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun
18. Generally speaking, ________according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.（副作用）
A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken
19. The teacher asked us ________so much noise.
A. don’t make B. not make C. not making D. not to make
20. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ________in the kitchen.
A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked
21. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain __________as the plane was making a landing.
A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating
22. Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents___________.
A. worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry
23. ____________the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks.
A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed
D. Having not completed
24. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time ________the exam.
A. pass B. to pass C. passed D. passing
25. The flowers _________sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of name. A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt
26. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when __________ at the meeting by my boss.
A. questioning B. having questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned
27. He looked around and caught a man ________his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting
28. This company was the first ________portable radios as well as cassette tapes recorders in the world.
A. producing B. to produce C. having produced D. produced
29. ___________with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice.
A. To face B. Having faced C. Faced D. Facing
30. The storm left, ____________a lot of damage to this area.
A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused
31（09安徽）The play____ next month aims mainly to reflect the ___ local culture．
A．produced B．being produced C．to be produced D．having been produced
32(09北京) For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit ___ on his own farm.
A. grown B. being grown C. to be grown D. to grow
33（09福建） _____not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.
A. Reminding B. Reminded C. To remind D. Having reminded
34（09海南）Now that we're discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions __ A. taking B. take C. taken D. to take
35（09湖南） Every evening after dinner, if not _____ from work, I will spend some time walking my dog.
A. being tired B. tiring C. tired D. to be tired
36(09江苏) Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, ___reduce unemployment pressures.
A. help B. to have helped C. to help D. having helped
37（09江西） The government plans to bring in new laws ___ parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children.
A. forced B. forcing C. to be forced D. having forced
38(09天津) _____ by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.
A. Being encouraged B. Encouraging C. Encouraged D. Having encouraged
39（09四川） _______ many times , he finally understood it.
A. Told B. Telling C. Having told D. Having been told
40（09浙江）______ and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.
A. To be tried B. Tired C. Tiring D. Being tired