中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
牛津深圳（广州）版八年级下册
Unit3
Traditional
skills语法：被动语态知识点详解
一、主动语态与被动语态的概念：
英语中的动词除了有各种时态变化外，还分为不同的语态，英语语态分为两种：
主动语态：即主语是动作的执行（产生、发出）者。
被动语态：即主语是动作的承受者。
例如：
They
built
this
house.
他们建造了这座房子。
（主语they是built这个动作的执行者，动词用主动语态。）
The
house
was
built
by
them.
这座房子是由他们建造的。
（主语the
house是built这个动作的承受者，动词用被动语态。）
2、被动语态构成：
1.被动语态由“be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。不及物动词本身没有被动语态。
eg.
English
is
spoken
all
over
the
world.
2,几种常用时态的被动语态：
以动词do为例，几种常用时态的主动语态和被动语态的结构形式如下：
时态
主动语态
被动语态
一般现在时
do
/
does
am
/
is
/
are
done
一般过去时
did
was
/
were
done
现在进行时
am
/
is
/
are
doing
am
/
is
/
are
being
done
过去进行时
was
/
were
doing
was
/
were
being
done
一般将来时
will
/
shall
do
will
/
shall
be
done
现在完成时
has
/
have
done
has
/
have
been
done
过去完成时
had
done
had
been
done
过去将来时
should
/
would
do
should
/
would
be
done
eg.
This
kind
of
machine
is
made
in
Guangzhou.
这种机器是广州制造的。
The
computer
was
stolen.那台电脑被偷了。
A
new
road
is
being
built
outside
my
house.我家门口正在修一条新路。
The
man
was
being
questioned
by
the
police.这个人当时正在被警察盘问。
Your
wallet
has
been
found.
你的钱夹已经找到了。
Your
watch
will
be
repaired.
你的表将会被修理好。
3.被动语态的否定句和疑问句。
(1)
被动语态的否定句在be后加not。如：
The
song
is
not
liked
by
young
people.
这首歌不受年轻人喜爱。
(2)
被动语态的疑问句将be提至主语前。如：
Is
Chinese
used
only
in
China?
汉语只在中国使用吗？
—
Are
these
computers
made
in
the
USA?
这些电脑是美国制造的吗？
—
Yes,
they
are.
是的。
No,
they
aren’t.
不，不是的。
三、何时使用被动语态呢？
1）行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。
eg.
Football
is
played
all
over
the
world．
2）不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。
eg.
My
bike
was
stolen．
四、主动语态改被动语态的方法：
1.方法分为三步：⑴把原句中的宾语改成主语
⑵动词改为变动形式be
done(同时注意时态)
⑶原来的主语有需要可放在介词by后面，以指明做事的人，如果没有必要则省去
例：The
man
killed
a
tiger.
→
A
tiger
was
killed
by
the
man
.(改的过程中要注意时态和语态两个方面)
★注意：人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以eat为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。
?2.及物动词有被动语态，不及物动词必须带有介词才可以有被动语态。
及物动词vt--本身意义不完整，后必须带宾语，有些还可以带双宾。
不及物动词vi---本身意义完整，不需要带宾语，如带宾语必须通过介词。
例：⑴We
listen
to
the
teacher
carefully
in
class.
→The
teacher
is
listened
to
by
us
carefully
in
class.
⑵We
laughed
at
him
.
→
He
was
laughed
at
by
us.
3.
teach
,give
,pass
,show
,buy,
tell等动词常常带有两个宾语（双宾语：直接宾语和间接宾语），改为被动语态时，两个宾语可以选其中任一个作主语。如果直接宾语被提前作主语，那么间接宾语（一般是人）前要加相应的介词to/for。
例：①She
gave
me
a
pen.=
She
gave
a
pen
to
me.
→I
was
given
a
pen
by
her.
→A
pen
was
given
to
me
by
her.
②My
father
bought
me
a
new
bike.
=
My
father
bought
a
new
bike
for
me.
→I
was
bought
a
new
bike
by
my
father.
→A
new
bike
was
bought
for
me
by
my
father.
【同步演练】
(
??)1._____
a
new
library
_____
in
our
school
last
year?
A.
Is;
built
?????????
B.
Was;
built
????
C.
Does;
build
??
?
D.
Did
;
build
(
??)2.
An
accident
____
on
this
road
last
week.
A.
has
been
happened
?
B.
was
happened
?C.
is
happened
???
D.
happened
(
??)3.Cotton（棉花）
____
in
the
southeast
of
China
A.
is
grown
?????????
B.
are
grown
?????
C.
grows
???????
D.
grow
(
??)4.So
far,
the
moon
____
by
man
already.
A.
is
visited
?????????
B.
will
be
visited
??
C.
has
been
visited
?
D.
was
visited
(
??)5.A
talk
on
Chinese
history
_____
in
the
school
hall
next
week.
????
A.
is
given
??????????
B.
has
been
given
??
C.
will
be
given
??
D.
gives
(
??)6.How
many
trees
____
this
year?
???
?A.
are
planted
???????
B.
will
plant
???????
C.
have
been
planted
?
D.
planted
(???)7.A
lot
of
things
____
by
people
to
save
the
little
girl
now.
????
A.
are
doing
?????????
B.
are
being
done
??
C.
has
been
done
?
D.
will
be
done
(
??)8.--When
___
this
kind
of
computers______?
--Last
year.
???
?A.
did;
use
??????????
B.
was;
used
???????
C.
is;
used???????
D.
are;
used
(
??)9.The
Great
Wall
____
all
over
the
world.
??
??A.
knows
???????????
B.
knew
??????????
C.
is
known
??????
D.
was
known
(???)10.Who
_____
this
book
_____?
??
??A.
did;
written
???????
B.
was;
written
by
??
C.
did;
written
????
D.
was;
written
答案：1.
B
2.
D
3.A
4.
C
5.
C
6.C
7.B
8.B
9.C
10.
B
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