第13讲 Units 1~2
第四部分 八年级(下册）
1. foot n. 脚；足→ feet n. 脚；足（复数）
2. lie v. 躺；平躺→ lay（过去式） → lain（过去分词）
3. hurt v. （使）疼痛；受伤→ hurt（过去式） → hurt（过去分词）
4. hit v. （用手或器具）击；打→ hit（过去式） → hit（过去分词）
5. herself pron. 她自己→ her pron. 她（宾格）
6. ourselves pron. 我们自己→ we pron. 我们（主格）
7. climber n. 登山者；攀登者→ climb v. 爬；攀登
8. knife n. 刀→ knives n. 刀（复数）
9. mean v. 意思是→ meaning n. 意思；含义
10. importance n. 重要性；重要→ important adj. 重要的
11. decision n. 决定；抉择→ decide v. 决定
12. death n . 死亡→ die v. 死亡→ dead adj. 死去的
13. feeling n. 感觉；感触→ feel v. 感觉；觉得
14. owner n. 物主；主人→ own v. 拥有
15. broken adj. 破损的；残缺的→ break v. 打碎；损坏
16. disabled adj. 丧失能力的；有残疾的→ able adj. 有能力的；干练的
17. imagine v. 想象；设想→ imagination n. 想象
18. difficulty n. 困难；难题→ difficult adj. 困难的
19. excited adj. 激动的；兴奋的（形容人） → exciting adj. 令人兴奋的；令人激动的（形容事物）
20. training n . 训练；培训→ train v. 训练
21. kindness n. 仁慈；善良→ kind adj. 仁慈的；友善的
22. understand v. 理解；领会→ understood（过去式） → understood（过去分词）
23. interest n . 兴趣；关注→ interested adj. 感兴趣的（形容人） → interesting adj. 有趣的（形容事物）
1.
喉咙疼
have a sore throat
2.
照 X 光
get an X-ray
3.
休息
take breaks
4.
同意做某事
agree to do sth.
5.
丢掉性命
lose one’s life
6.
跌倒
fall down
7.
晒伤
get sunburned
8.
满足感
feeling of satisfaction
9.
影响；有作用
make a difference
10.
对……兴奋
be excited about
11.
感冒
have a cold
12.
胃痛
have a stomachache
13.
躺下
lie down
14.
看牙医
see a dentist
15.
量体温
take one’s temperature
16.
发烧
have a fever
17.
下车
get off
18.
使……惊讶
to one’s surprise
19.
立即
right away
20.
陷入
get into
21.
多亏了……
thanks to
22.
及时
in time
23.
习惯于……
be used to
24.
冒险
take risks
25.
登山
mountain climbing
26.
用尽（★2019·贵港）
run out of
27.
挽救生命
save one’s life
28.
切除（★2019·贵港）
cut off
29.
从……出来
get out of
30.
掌管
be in control of
31.
坚持做某事
keep on doing sth.
32.
做决定
make a decision
33.
打扫干净
clean up
34.
使……变得高兴
cheer up
35.
分发；散发
give out
36.
想出
come up with
37.
推迟（★2020·玉林）
put off
38.
分发
hand out
39.
帮忙做……
help out with
40.
过去常常
used to
41.
照顾
care for
42.
放弃
give up
43.
参加……选拔
try out
44.
张贴
put up
45.
打电话给……
call up
46.
停止做某事
stop doing sth.
47.
修理（★2020·百色）
fix up
48.
（外貌或行为）像
take after
49.
赠送
give away
50.
建立
set up
1. —What’s the matter?
—I have a sore back.（P1）
——怎么了？
——我背痛。
2. You shouldn’t eat so much next time. （P4）
下次你不要吃那么多。
3. —What’s the matter with Ben?
—He hurt himself.（P4）
——本怎么了？
——他伤到了自己。
4. —What should she do?
—She should take her temperature. （P4）
——她应该做什么？
——她应该量体温。
5. But when his water ran out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life. （P6）
但当他的水耗尽时，他知道他必须做点什么来拯救自己的生命。
6. I hope to work outside. （P9）
我希望到外面工作。
7. Mario believes it can help him to get his future dream job. （P11）
马里奥相信这样会帮助他得到未来梦想的工作。
8. I can do what I love to do and help others at the same time. （P11）
我可以做我喜欢做的事，同时又可以帮助别人。
9. I’d like to thank you for giving money to Animal Helpers. （P14）
我想感谢你捐款给“动物助手”。
10. You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky. （P14）
对我来说，有了你的帮助，我才有可能拥有 Lucky。
考点1 情态动词 should 的用法。
情态动词 should 后接动词原形，变为一般疑问句时将 should 提前，变为否定句时在 should 后加 not。 should 常用于以下两种情况：
1. 提出建议、观点或看法。例如：
You look tired. You should lie down and have a rest. 你看起来很累。你应该躺下来休息一下。
2. 表示推测，意为“应该，按理应当”。例如：
Wait a minute. I think he should come soon. 等一下。我想他很快就该到了。
考点2 动词不定式的用法。
（★2019·河池、2019·百色）
动词不定式的基本结构为“to+动词原形”（有时可不加 to）。在句中可充当主语、表语、宾语、状语、宾语补足语、定语等。在八年级上册中已讲过作宾语的用法。这里主要讲作宾语补足语和状语的用法。
1. 作宾语补足语。
动词不定式作宾语补足语，放在宾语的后面，表示宾语是什么或怎么样。
（1）在 ask, tell, encourage, get, wish, want, would like, advise, teach 等动词或短语之后，常接带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语。例如：
Our teacher asks us to come to school on time. 老师要求我们按时到校。
（2）使役动词（have, make, let）及感官动词（feel, hear, watch, see, notice 等）后跟不带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。例如：
In the past, the boss made his workers work over ten hours a day. 过去，老板让他的工人每天工作十小时以上。
（3）动词 help 后接不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式符号 to 可省略，也可不省略。例如：
On weekends, I often help my mother （to） do some housework. 周末我经常帮助妈妈做家务。
2. 作状语。（1）表示目的。表示目的时，不定式可以放在句首，也可以放在句末。放在句首时，不定式常与句子用逗号隔开。例如：
To get there on time, we set out at 6：00 in the morning. 为了按时到达那里，我们早上六点就出发了。
（2）表示结果。不定式作结果状语，一般位于句末。例如：
I went to the classroom, to discover it empty. 我来到教室，结果发现教室是空的。
考点3 反身代词。
1. 反身代词的单复数形式，见下表：
2. 反身代词的用法。
（1）作宾语。例如：
We enjoyed ourselves at the party last night. 昨晚我们在宴会上玩得很开心。
（2）作同位语。例如：
The children made model cars themselves. 孩子们自己制作汽车模型。
3. 反身代词的常用词组。
teach oneself 自学
learn by oneself 自学
enjoy oneself 过得愉快; 玩得高兴（★2020·百色）
help oneself to 随便吃/用
come to oneself 苏醒
hurt oneself 受伤
by oneself 独自（★2019·河池）
考点4 动词短语。
动词后加介词或副词等构成短语，表达一种特定的含义。动词短语主要有以下四种构成形式：
1. 动词+介词。例如： agree with, ask for, arrive in / at, come from, get to, get off, hear of, knock at / on, look at,listen to, laugh at, look after, look for, wait for 等。这类动词短语后的宾语无论是名词还是代词，都要放在介词后。例如：
I’m looking for my key. I’ve been looking for it for an hour. 我在找我的钥匙。我已经找了一个小时了。
2. 动词+副词。例如： come out, come over, come in, find out, give out, grow up, get up, go home, look up, put on, turn on / off, write down, wake up, work out, put away 等。这类动词短语后面的宾语是名词时，名词可放在副词之前，也可放在副词之后；宾语是代词时，代词只能放在副词之前。例如：
Please turn on the radio.=Please turn the radio on. 请打开收音机。
Can you pick it up? 你能把它捡起来吗？
3. 动词+名词+介词。例如： have a look at, make friends with, pay attention to, take care of, look forward to 等。在这类动词短语中，宾语都放在介词之后。例如：
I’m looking forward to going to Beihai again. 我期待着再次去北海。
4. 动词+形容词+介词。例如： be angry with, be busy with, be good for, be different from, be late for, be interested in, be famous for, be good at 等。例如：
Hangzhou is famous for the West Lake. 杭州因西湖而闻名。
考点5 thanks to 与 thanks for 的用法区别。
thanks to 意为“由于；多亏”，to 后跟感谢的对象，不接动词原形。 thanks for 意为“因……而感谢”，是客套用语，for 强调为何而感谢，其后可接名词或动词-ing。例如：
Thanks to the Party, our life is becoming better and better. 由于党的领导，我们的生活越来越好。
Thanks for your message. 谢谢你的留言。
考点6 be/get used to sth., be /get used to doing sth., used to do sth.,
be used to do sth. 的用法区别。
（1） be used to sth./ doing sth. = get used to sth./ doing sth.，意为“习惯做某事”，指某动作过去不常做而现在已经习惯做了，强调目前的情况，to 为介词，后接名词或动名词。例如：
Steve is used to taking a walk. 史蒂夫已习惯散步了。
（2） used to do sth. 意为“过去常常做某事”，表示过去做过的事，现在已经不做，侧重与现在的比较，只用于过去时态, to 后接动词原形。例如：
Steve used to take a walk. 史蒂夫过去常常散步。
（3）be used to do sth. 意为“被用来做什么”。例如：
Bamboo is used to make paper. 竹子被用来做成纸。
助人为乐
“助人为乐”这一主题主要涉及“公益活动”“尊老爱幼”“帮贫扶弱”和“好人好事”等内容。记叙某一次助人为乐的经历，通常用记叙文。要写清楚事件、时间、地点、人物、原因等要点；如果是策划或通知某一次公益活动，可用说明文或应用文，运用正确的行文格式，写清楚活动的内容、时间、地点、参与人员等信息。
常用句型
1. I’d like to join the school volunteer project.
2. You could help...
3. I want to...
4. I’m interested in...
5. I felt...
6. They were grateful to...
参考范文
Our English teacher often tells us： helping others is helping ourselves!
Last month, my friend Amy had to have a computer test, but she was not good at it. At first, she wanted to give it up. Then I heard about it. I taught her and practiced with her for 3 days. At last, she passed it. She was grateful to me, and I also felt proud of myself! But I think that the most important thing is her smile, which is enough to make the world more beautiful! That’s the reason why I am always ready to help others!
一、单项选择。
1. —You don’t look well. —I have a fever.
A. What’s happening？ B. What is it？
C. What’s on？ D. What’s the matter？
2. We are all excited the trip to the Science Museum.
A. at B. for
C. to D. about
?
?
3. The 16-year-old girl takes care of her whole family by .
A. her B. him
C. herself D. himself
4. We try to keep a better balance(平衡) between work and play.
A. may B. should
C. can D. might
?
?
5. Tom’s parents hope he can be an excellent pianist, but he has no in playing the piano.
A. warmth B. interest
C. victory D. standard
6. During holiday, Taylor doesn’t really care about his homework. So he always his homework till the last day.
A. puts out B. puts on
C. puts away D. puts off
?
?
7. He has so few friends that his life is .
A. lonely B. lovely
C. friendly D. lively
8. —Bill, please turn off the radio. Your father is sleeping.
—Sorry. I’ll do it .
A. far away B. right away
C. give away D. take away
?
?
9. —What shall we do this weekend?
—We’ll drive to my uncle’s farm apples.
A. to pick B. picking
C. picked D. pick
10. It’s time for class. Let’s .
A. stop to talk B. stop talking
C. to stop to talk D. to stop talking
?
?
二、根据中文或首字母提示，完成单词。
1. Guide dogs are good friends and helpers for （失明的） people.
2. Scientists say if we brush our teeth right after drinking, it will . （使受伤） our teeth.
3. Linda is a kind-hearted girl, but sometimes she likes to be . （单独的）.
4. Grandpa Li has a healthy diet that makes him （强壮的）.
5. Having too much red meat can cause a higher （风险） of early death.
blind
hurt
alone
strong
risk
6. Many people like to read e-books because they are easy to c .
7. My aunt is a n in a hospital.
8. When it’s difficult to speak out, we can show a smile to others. They will u .
9. I think maths is very easy, and I never have d with it.
10. There was something wrong with my car. It took me more than $500 to r it.
arry
urse
nderstand
ifficulty
epair
三、根据句意，用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。
1. Adam is the （own） of the restaurant near my company.
2. Look! There are some （break） pieces of glass on the floor. Please sweep them away.
3. People eat with chopsticks or （knife） and forks.
4. Mark kept on （call） Daisy, but she didn’t want to talk to him.
5. It’s important for young people to make a right （decide） for their future.
owner
broken
knives
calling
decision
四、综合填空。
When we are injured or suddenly feeling unwell, what we need to do is to treat it in the right way. How can we do that? First aid is here to help.
September 13 is World First Aid Day. It’s time for us to learn about this 1. life skill.
Just as 2. name shows, first aid is the first step you can take to care for someone who’s injured. It includes keeping safe, helping someone feel 3. and staying calm. It also includes getting help, 4. by telling an adult or calling 120.
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5. say that the 10 minutes after an accident are the most important for 6. a life. In 10 minutes, knowing first aid can make a 7. .
According to the American Heart Association, CPR（心肺复苏术） saves about 92,000 people in the US every year. CPR is one of the most useful first aid skills. It can help people 8. a heart illness.
Besides CPR, there are other first aid skills. They help 9. things like burns, cuts and broken bones.
People can learn first aid in many 10. . Organizations like the Red Cross hold first aid teaching in and out of schools around the world.
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