2021届高三高考英语二轮总复习 第二部分 第4讲 逻辑关系解疑难课件(38张ppt)
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| 名称 | 2021届高三高考英语二轮总复习 第二部分 第4讲 逻辑关系解疑难课件(38张ppt) |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2021-03-19 07:20:19 | ||
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文档简介
第二部分
完形填空
解题策略
深度演练
第4讲 逻辑关系解疑难
内容索引
解题策略
语篇是由一些意义相关的句子根据一定的逻辑关系组织起来的语义整体。逻辑关系隐藏在句子中、句与句之间以及段落的衔接中，体现作者的写作思路和篇章意义，是贯穿整篇文章的主线。
完形填空中的任何一道题该选哪个选项，在文中必有依据。因此，解答完形填空最基本的方法就是根据空格前后所提供的信息或上下文之间的逻辑关系，由逻辑关系中已知部分推断出未知部分，做出符合逻辑的判断。
完形填空中主要考查七大逻辑关系：对立关系、并列和递进关系、目的和因果关系、条件关系、时间关系、层次和顺序关系、例证关系。
1.对立关系
对立关系包括让步、对比和转折关系，常见的标志词和短语有：but，however，yet(然而，但是)，on
the
contrary(相反)，by
contrast(相比之下)，unfortunately，although，even
though，while，nevertheless(然而，不过)，whereas(然而，反之)，in
spite
of(尽管)，regardless
of(不管，不顾)，anyhow，after
all(毕竟)，instead
of(而不是)，rather
than(而不是)，not...but，otherwise(否则)，or
else，to
the
opposite(对立面)，compared
with等。
真题体验1 (2020·天津)
He
has
recently
made
a
significant
16.discovery—loneliness
is
a
serious
social
problem
that
can
contribute
to
depression
and
even
crimes，but
it
can
be
17
in
a
clever
way.The
18.solution？Chat
benches.
17.A.experienced
B.suffered
C.prevented
D.felt
解析 根据空格前的but与空格后的in
a
clever
way及“Chat
benches.”可知，虽然孤独会导致很多问题，但可以通过长椅聊天的方式来预防(prevent)。
√
真题体验2 (2017·江苏)
...He
swore
to
himself
to
39.avoid
music，as
he
hated
getting
to
school
extra
early.
40
，one
day，in
the
music
class
that
was
41.part
of
his
school’s
standard
curriculum，he
was
playing
idly(随意地)
on
the
piano
and
found
it
42.easy
to
pick
out
tunes.
40.A.Therefore
B.However
C.Thus
D.Moreover
解析 本空应用过渡词，后文提到他在随意地弹钢琴(playing
idly
on
the
piano)，音乐老师也在倾听(listen)，由此可知他开始接触乐器了，与上文构成语意上的转折关系，因此选however“可是”。therefore和thus表示因果关系；moreover表示递进关系。
√
2.并列和递进关系
并列和递进关系常用的标志词和短语有：and，or，neither...nor...，not
only...but
(also)...，similarly等。
真题体验3 (2019·北京)
The
students
who
he’s
15.driven
have
gone
on
to
become
physicians，teachers
and
engineers，but
what
they’ve
also
got
out
of
their
time
in
school
is
finding
a
role
model
and
a
friend
in
Wilson.Some
students
16
call
him
“Grandpa”.
16.A.even
B.ever
C.once
D.already
解析 根据语境，此处表示这些大学生视威尔逊为楷模和朋友，甚至(even)亲切地叫他“爷爷”。
√
真题体验4 (2020·天津)
Just
a
few
days
after
the
signs
went
up，he
found
people
sitting
there
and
engaging
in
active
and
28
conversations.
28.A.formal
B.joyful
C.awkward
D.crazy
解析 空格前的and连接两个表达相同感彩的词，均用来修饰conversations。由active可知，人们进行着积极愉快的(joyful)谈话。
√
3.目的和因果关系
目的和因果关系常用的标志词和短语有：because，for，since，as，thus(因此)，hence(因此)，therefore，so，so...that，such...that，in
order
that，consequently(因此)，accordingly，due
to，thanks
to，on
account
of(由于，因为)，because
of，seeing
that(由于，因为)，in
that(因为)，now
that，as
a
result，for
this
reason等。
真题体验5 (2017·全国Ⅲ)
The
ticket
had
a
strict
no-transfer(不可转让)
45.policy，but
since
passport
information
was
not
required
when
46.booking，any
Canadian
Elizabeth
Gallagher
can
47
it.
47.A.use
B.borrow
C.choose
D.buy
解析 因为前面提到预订的时候并不需要提供护照信息，所以任何叫Elizabeth
Gallagher的加拿大人都可以用(use)这张票。borrow借入；choose选择；buy购买。
√
4.条件关系
条件关系常用的标志词和短语有：if，unless，whether，supposing，on
condition
that，provided
that，depending
on等。
经典体验6 (2019·江苏镇江一模)
As
you
mark
off
another
“Earth
Day”
in
your
calendars，content
that
for
at
least
24
hours
I
remained
in
your
thoughts，I
wanted
to
remind
you
that
I
am
frightened
that
1
I
can’t
soon
receive
the
appropriate
medicine
and
care
I
need，my
illness
will
become
terminal
beyond
all
cures.
1.A.when
B.though
C.if
D.unless
解析 句意为：我担心如果我的疾病得不到恰当的医疗和我所需要的照料，我的疾病就是致命的。if引导条件状语从句。
√
5.时间关系
时间关系常用的标志词和短语有：before，since，as，until，meanwhile，at
the
moment，when，whenever，as
soon
as等。
真题体验7 (2020·江苏)
For
him，it
was
one
thing
to
49.accept
his
own
fate
of
being
blind
and
quite
another
to
allow
something
to
continue
50
it
could
be
fixed
so
easily.
This
moved
him
to
action.
50.A.until
B.when
C.unless
D.before
解析 根据下文“This
moved
him
to
action.”可知，对他来说在可以如此容易解决的情况下，让事情继续下去完全是另一回事。when“当……的时候”，符合此处语境。
√
6.层次和顺序关系
层次和顺序关系常用的标志词和短语有：besides，finally，first，firstly，further，eventually，in
the
first
place，last，next，second，secondly，third，thirdly，to
begin
with，to
start
with，on
the
one
hand，on
the
other
hand等。
真题体验8 (2018·江苏)
49
，the
couple
found
that
their
bodies
turned
for
the
better，with
re-found
strong
muscles
that
they
thought
had
50.lost
forever.
49.A.Initially
B.Eventually
C.Temporarily
D.Consequently
解析 最后(eventually)，夫妻俩发现他们的身体都有所好转。initially最初；temporarily临时地；consequently因此，所以。
√
7.例证关系
例证关系常用的标志词和短语有：all
in
all，altogether，in
brief，in
sum，in
conclusion，in
short，in
summary，on
the
whole，to
sum
up，to
summarize，as
a
proof，as
an
example，for
example，for
instance，in
particular，just
as，namely，such
as，that
is，as
to，say等。
经典体验9
“I
hope
this
method
would
be
put
into
practice
in
the
near
future，
1
in
the
next
10
years，”
he
says.
1.A.imagine
B.say
C.suppose
D.consider
解析 say在此处用作举例，意为“譬如，比方说”。故选B项。
返
回
√
深度演练
第一步：请快速阅读下列短文，并利用上面所学完形填空的解题技巧巧解下列试题。
体裁：议论文 主题语境：人与社会——堆积如山的垃圾
语篇解读
文章主要讲的是堆积如山的垃圾给环境带来的影响。
In
our
modern
world，when
something
wears
out，we
throw
it
away
and
buy
a
new
one.The
1
is
that
countries
around
the
world
have
growing
mountains
of
2
because
people
are
throwing
out
more
rubbish
than
ever
before.
1.A.key
B.reason
C.project
D.problem
2.A.gifts
B.rubbish
C.debt
D.products
解析 联系后文的“countries
around
the
world
have
growing
mountains
of...rubbish
than
ever
before”可知，堆积如山的垃圾已经成了社会问题(problem)了。key关键；reason原因；project工程。
解析 根据下文中的“throwing
out
more
rubbish”可知，因为人们扔的垃圾越来越多，垃圾已经堆积成山。故选B。
√
√
How
did
we
3
a
throw-away
society？First
of
all，it
is
now
easier
to
4
an
object
than
to
spend
time
and
money
to
repair
it.
3.A.face
B.become
C.observe
D.change
4.A.hide
B.control
C.replace
D.withdraw
解析 由空后的“a
throw-away
society”及后文的几个原因可知，此句意为：我们是如何成为(become)一个随手扔的社会的？face面对；observe观察；change改变。
解析 结合空前的“easier
to”和后文的“than
to
spend
time
and
money
to
repair
it”可知，替换(replace)一件东西比花时间和金钱修理它要容易得多。hide隐藏；control控制；withdraw撤回，退出。
√
√
5
modern
manufacturing(制造业)
and
technology，companies
are
able
to
produce
products
quickly
and
inexpensively.Products
are
plentiful
and
6
.
5.A.Thanks
to
B.As
to
C.Except
for
D.Regardless
of
6.A.safe
B.funny
C.cheap
D.powerful
解析 “modern
manufacturing(制造业)
and
technology”是“companies
are
able
to
produce
products
quickly
and
inexpensively”的原因，因此用thanks
to“多亏，由于”。as
to至于；except
for除了；regardless
of不管，不考虑。
解析 结合前文的“quickly
and
inexpensively”可知，此处是指“产品充足，价格便宜(cheap)”。safe安全的；funny有趣的；powerful强有力的。
√
√
Another
cause
is
our
7
of
disposable(一次性的)
products.As
8
people，
7.A.love
B.lack
C.prevention
D.division
8.A.sensitive
B.kind
C.brave
D.busy
解析 从后文的“to
save
time
and
make
our
lives
easier”可知，此处指忙碌的(busy)人们。sensitive敏感的；kind善良的；brave勇敢的。
解析 从后文“we
are
always
looking
for
to
save
time
and
make
our
lives
easier”可知，我们对于一次性产品的喜爱(love)是我们制造太多垃圾的另一个原因。lack缺乏；prevention阻止；division分开，分割。
√
√
we
are
always
looking
for
9
to
save
time
and
make
our
lives
panies
10
thousands
of
different
kinds
of
disposable
products：paper
plates，plastic
cups，and
cameras，to
name
a
few.
9.A.ways
B.places
C.jobs
D.friends
10.A.donate
B.receive
C.produce
D.preserve
解析 前文讲到一次性产品的使用，因此我们总是寻找能节省时间和让我们的生活变得更容易的方式(way)。place地方；job工作；friend朋友。
解析 由主语Companies可知，工厂应该是生产(produce)大量的一次性产品。donate捐赠；receive收到；preserve保存。
√
√
Our
appetite
for
new
products
also
11
to
the
problem.We
are
12
buying
new
things.
11.A.adapts
B.returns
C.responds
D.contributes
12.A.tired
of
B.addicted
to
C.worried
about
D.ashamed
for
解析 联系空前的“Our
appetite
for
new
products
also”可知，我们对新产品的渴望也导致了(contribute
to)这个问题。adapt适应；return返回；respond回答，回应。
解析 结合“Our
appetite
for
new
products”可知，我们是对购买新的东西上瘾(be
addicted
to)了。be
tired
of厌倦；be
worried
about担心；be
ashamed
for为……感到羞愧。
√
√
Advertisements
persuade
us
that
13
is
better
and
that
we
will
be
happier
with
the
latest
products.The
result
is
that
we
14
useful
possessions
to
make
room
for
new
ones.
13.A.newer
B.stronger
C.higher
D.larger
14.A.pick
up
B.pay
for
C.hold
onto
D.throw
away
解析 上句中的“new
things”及后面的“with
the
latest
products”都暗示该空填newer。句意为：广告说服我们，越新的越好，有最新的产品我们会更开心。stronger更强壮的；higher更高的；larger更大的。
解析 联系后文的“to
make
room
for
new
ones”可知，我们常常是扔掉(throw
away)还有用的物品，去给新的东西腾出地方。pick
up捡起，收听，学会；pay
for支付；hold
onto抓住不放。
√
√
All
around
the
world，we
can
see
the
15
of
this
throw-away
lifestyle.
Mountains
of
rubbish
just
keep
getting
bigger.
15.A.advantages
B.purposes
C.functions
D.consequences
解析 从后文的“Mountains
of
rubbish
just
keep
getting
bigger.”可知，在全世界我们都可以看到这种随手扔的生活方式所带来的后果(consequence)。advantage好处；purpose目的；function功能。
√
To
16
the
amount
of
rubbish
and
to
protect
the
17
，more
governments
are
requiring
people
to
recycle
materials.
16.A.show
B.record
C.decrease
D.measure
17.A.technology
B.environment
C.consumers
D.brands
解析 结合后文的“more
governments
are
requiring
people
to
recycle
materials”可知，此处指减少(decrease)垃圾的数量。show展示；record记录；measure测量。
√
√
解析 减少垃圾，回收利用的目的是保护环境(environment)。
18
，this
is
not
enough
to
solve
our
problem.
18.A.However
B.Otherwise
C.Therefore
D.Meanwhile
解析 联系空后的“this
is
not
enough
to
solve
our
problem”可知，空前后为转折关系，故用however。otherwise否则；therefore因此；meanwhile同时。
√
Maybe
there
is
another
way
out.We
need
to
repair
our
possessions
19
throwing
them
away.We
also
need
to
rethink
our
attitudes
about
20
.Repairing
our
possessions
and
changing
our
spending
habits
may
be
the
best
way
to
reduce
the
amount
of
rubbish
and
take
care
of
our
environment.
19.A.by
B.in
favour
of
C.after
D.instead
of
20.A.spending
B.collecting
C.repairing
D.advertising
解析 从空前的“We
need
to
repair
our
possessions”可知，我们需要修理我们的物品以便再用，而不是(instead
of)扔掉它们。by通过；in
favour
of支持；after在……之后。
解析 结合前文“Our
appetite
for
new
products”及后文“Repairing
our
possessions
and
changing
our
spending
habits...”可知，我们也需要重新考虑我们的消费(spend)态度了。collect收集；repair修理；advertise做广告。
√
√
第二步：语篇迁移练习
Ⅰ.篇章结构
整体理解以上语篇，完成下列表格
measures
throw-away
recycle
Repairing
changing
replace
repair
disposable
new
contributes
Ⅱ.语法填空
下面是根据以上短文改写的一篇短文，阅读后，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It
is
said
that
we
are
entering
a
throw-away
society,1.
means
that
people
these
days
tend
to
throw
away
old
things
and
buy
new
ones.There
are
a
few
2.
(factor)
behind
this
phenomenon.
which
factors
First
of
all，with
the
3.
(develop)
of
technology，the
company
can
produce
4.
(many)
cheap
products.Apart
from
economic
and
technical
reasons，other
factors
include
people’s
lack
5.
awareness
of
environmental
protection.For
example，some
people
use
disposable
products
for
6._______________(convenient)
every
day
paying
little
attention
to
7._____
impact
on
the
environment.So
our
appetite
for
new
products
also
8.
(lead)
to
the
problem.
At
present，many
governments
are
encouraging
people
9.
(use)
recyclable
materials.Despite
the
improvement
of
our
living
conditions,10.__________(throw)
old
things
away
should
be
discouraged
and
it
is
everyone’s
responsibility
to
protect
the
environment.
development
more
of
convenience
the
to
use
throwing
leads
文体链接——议论文
1.结构清晰，脉络有序。议论文是高考完形填空较难的一种文体，一般由三个要素组成：论点、论据、结论。论点和论据形成一体，相互印证。有时作者为了使文章脉络清楚，行文流畅，会使用一些连接词，如：on
the
contrary，all
in
all，in
short，generally
speaking，worse
still，on
the
other
hand，in
conclusion，as
a
consequence等。
2.首句制胜，论点明确。议论型完形填空的首句常常是文章的主旨句。作者一般在文章的首段提出论点，然后在各段的首句提出分论点。
3.不同的议论文论点的提出方式不同，有以下三种情况：①开门见山地提出论点，然后再通过具体的论据去说明论点，论据有时候既有正面的论据，也有反面的论据，最后总结全文。②导入式提出论点。先通过叙述生活中的一件具体的事情或描述生活中的现象，然后根据事情或现象所反映的问题提出自己的论点，再用具体的论据去说明自己的论点。③最后提出论点。有些议论文一开始作者仅仅是列举生活中的现象，不表明自己的观点，是通过对具体现象的分析，最后得出一种结论。本文属于第②类。
返
回
本课结束
完形填空
解题策略
深度演练
第4讲 逻辑关系解疑难
内容索引
解题策略
语篇是由一些意义相关的句子根据一定的逻辑关系组织起来的语义整体。逻辑关系隐藏在句子中、句与句之间以及段落的衔接中，体现作者的写作思路和篇章意义，是贯穿整篇文章的主线。
完形填空中的任何一道题该选哪个选项，在文中必有依据。因此，解答完形填空最基本的方法就是根据空格前后所提供的信息或上下文之间的逻辑关系，由逻辑关系中已知部分推断出未知部分，做出符合逻辑的判断。
完形填空中主要考查七大逻辑关系：对立关系、并列和递进关系、目的和因果关系、条件关系、时间关系、层次和顺序关系、例证关系。
1.对立关系
对立关系包括让步、对比和转折关系，常见的标志词和短语有：but，however，yet(然而，但是)，on
the
contrary(相反)，by
contrast(相比之下)，unfortunately，although，even
though，while，nevertheless(然而，不过)，whereas(然而，反之)，in
spite
of(尽管)，regardless
of(不管，不顾)，anyhow，after
all(毕竟)，instead
of(而不是)，rather
than(而不是)，not...but，otherwise(否则)，or
else，to
the
opposite(对立面)，compared
with等。
真题体验1 (2020·天津)
He
has
recently
made
a
significant
16.discovery—loneliness
is
a
serious
social
problem
that
can
contribute
to
depression
and
even
crimes，but
it
can
be
17
in
a
clever
way.The
18.solution？Chat
benches.
17.A.experienced
B.suffered
C.prevented
D.felt
解析 根据空格前的but与空格后的in
a
clever
way及“Chat
benches.”可知，虽然孤独会导致很多问题，但可以通过长椅聊天的方式来预防(prevent)。
√
真题体验2 (2017·江苏)
...He
swore
to
himself
to
39.avoid
music，as
he
hated
getting
to
school
extra
early.
40
，one
day，in
the
music
class
that
was
41.part
of
his
school’s
standard
curriculum，he
was
playing
idly(随意地)
on
the
piano
and
found
it
42.easy
to
pick
out
tunes.
40.A.Therefore
B.However
C.Thus
D.Moreover
解析 本空应用过渡词，后文提到他在随意地弹钢琴(playing
idly
on
the
piano)，音乐老师也在倾听(listen)，由此可知他开始接触乐器了，与上文构成语意上的转折关系，因此选however“可是”。therefore和thus表示因果关系；moreover表示递进关系。
√
2.并列和递进关系
并列和递进关系常用的标志词和短语有：and，or，neither...nor...，not
only...but
(also)...，similarly等。
真题体验3 (2019·北京)
The
students
who
he’s
15.driven
have
gone
on
to
become
physicians，teachers
and
engineers，but
what
they’ve
also
got
out
of
their
time
in
school
is
finding
a
role
model
and
a
friend
in
Wilson.Some
students
16
call
him
“Grandpa”.
16.A.even
B.ever
C.once
D.already
解析 根据语境，此处表示这些大学生视威尔逊为楷模和朋友，甚至(even)亲切地叫他“爷爷”。
√
真题体验4 (2020·天津)
Just
a
few
days
after
the
signs
went
up，he
found
people
sitting
there
and
engaging
in
active
and
28
conversations.
28.A.formal
B.joyful
C.awkward
D.crazy
解析 空格前的and连接两个表达相同感彩的词，均用来修饰conversations。由active可知，人们进行着积极愉快的(joyful)谈话。
√
3.目的和因果关系
目的和因果关系常用的标志词和短语有：because，for，since，as，thus(因此)，hence(因此)，therefore，so，so...that，such...that，in
order
that，consequently(因此)，accordingly，due
to，thanks
to，on
account
of(由于，因为)，because
of，seeing
that(由于，因为)，in
that(因为)，now
that，as
a
result，for
this
reason等。
真题体验5 (2017·全国Ⅲ)
The
ticket
had
a
strict
no-transfer(不可转让)
45.policy，but
since
passport
information
was
not
required
when
46.booking，any
Canadian
Elizabeth
Gallagher
can
47
it.
47.A.use
B.borrow
C.choose
D.buy
解析 因为前面提到预订的时候并不需要提供护照信息，所以任何叫Elizabeth
Gallagher的加拿大人都可以用(use)这张票。borrow借入；choose选择；buy购买。
√
4.条件关系
条件关系常用的标志词和短语有：if，unless，whether，supposing，on
condition
that，provided
that，depending
on等。
经典体验6 (2019·江苏镇江一模)
As
you
mark
off
another
“Earth
Day”
in
your
calendars，content
that
for
at
least
24
hours
I
remained
in
your
thoughts，I
wanted
to
remind
you
that
I
am
frightened
that
1
I
can’t
soon
receive
the
appropriate
medicine
and
care
I
need，my
illness
will
become
terminal
beyond
all
cures.
1.A.when
B.though
C.if
D.unless
解析 句意为：我担心如果我的疾病得不到恰当的医疗和我所需要的照料，我的疾病就是致命的。if引导条件状语从句。
√
5.时间关系
时间关系常用的标志词和短语有：before，since，as，until，meanwhile，at
the
moment，when，whenever，as
soon
as等。
真题体验7 (2020·江苏)
For
him，it
was
one
thing
to
49.accept
his
own
fate
of
being
blind
and
quite
another
to
allow
something
to
continue
50
it
could
be
fixed
so
easily.
This
moved
him
to
action.
50.A.until
B.when
C.unless
D.before
解析 根据下文“This
moved
him
to
action.”可知，对他来说在可以如此容易解决的情况下，让事情继续下去完全是另一回事。when“当……的时候”，符合此处语境。
√
6.层次和顺序关系
层次和顺序关系常用的标志词和短语有：besides，finally，first，firstly，further，eventually，in
the
first
place，last，next，second，secondly，third，thirdly，to
begin
with，to
start
with，on
the
one
hand，on
the
other
hand等。
真题体验8 (2018·江苏)
49
，the
couple
found
that
their
bodies
turned
for
the
better，with
re-found
strong
muscles
that
they
thought
had
50.lost
forever.
49.A.Initially
B.Eventually
C.Temporarily
D.Consequently
解析 最后(eventually)，夫妻俩发现他们的身体都有所好转。initially最初；temporarily临时地；consequently因此，所以。
√
7.例证关系
例证关系常用的标志词和短语有：all
in
all，altogether，in
brief，in
sum，in
conclusion，in
short，in
summary，on
the
whole，to
sum
up，to
summarize，as
a
proof，as
an
example，for
example，for
instance，in
particular，just
as，namely，such
as，that
is，as
to，say等。
经典体验9
“I
hope
this
method
would
be
put
into
practice
in
the
near
future，
1
in
the
next
10
years，”
he
says.
1.A.imagine
B.say
C.suppose
D.consider
解析 say在此处用作举例，意为“譬如，比方说”。故选B项。
返
回
√
深度演练
第一步：请快速阅读下列短文，并利用上面所学完形填空的解题技巧巧解下列试题。
体裁：议论文 主题语境：人与社会——堆积如山的垃圾
语篇解读
文章主要讲的是堆积如山的垃圾给环境带来的影响。
In
our
modern
world，when
something
wears
out，we
throw
it
away
and
buy
a
new
one.The
1
is
that
countries
around
the
world
have
growing
mountains
of
2
because
people
are
throwing
out
more
rubbish
than
ever
before.
1.A.key
B.reason
C.project
D.problem
2.A.gifts
B.rubbish
C.debt
D.products
解析 联系后文的“countries
around
the
world
have
growing
mountains
of...rubbish
than
ever
before”可知，堆积如山的垃圾已经成了社会问题(problem)了。key关键；reason原因；project工程。
解析 根据下文中的“throwing
out
more
rubbish”可知，因为人们扔的垃圾越来越多，垃圾已经堆积成山。故选B。
√
√
How
did
we
3
a
throw-away
society？First
of
all，it
is
now
easier
to
4
an
object
than
to
spend
time
and
money
to
repair
it.
3.A.face
B.become
C.observe
D.change
4.A.hide
B.control
C.replace
D.withdraw
解析 由空后的“a
throw-away
society”及后文的几个原因可知，此句意为：我们是如何成为(become)一个随手扔的社会的？face面对；observe观察；change改变。
解析 结合空前的“easier
to”和后文的“than
to
spend
time
and
money
to
repair
it”可知，替换(replace)一件东西比花时间和金钱修理它要容易得多。hide隐藏；control控制；withdraw撤回，退出。
√
√
5
modern
manufacturing(制造业)
and
technology，companies
are
able
to
produce
products
quickly
and
inexpensively.Products
are
plentiful
and
6
.
5.A.Thanks
to
B.As
to
C.Except
for
D.Regardless
of
6.A.safe
B.funny
C.cheap
D.powerful
解析 “modern
manufacturing(制造业)
and
technology”是“companies
are
able
to
produce
products
quickly
and
inexpensively”的原因，因此用thanks
to“多亏，由于”。as
to至于；except
for除了；regardless
of不管，不考虑。
解析 结合前文的“quickly
and
inexpensively”可知，此处是指“产品充足，价格便宜(cheap)”。safe安全的；funny有趣的；powerful强有力的。
√
√
Another
cause
is
our
7
of
disposable(一次性的)
products.As
8
people，
7.A.love
B.lack
C.prevention
D.division
8.A.sensitive
B.kind
C.brave
D.busy
解析 从后文的“to
save
time
and
make
our
lives
easier”可知，此处指忙碌的(busy)人们。sensitive敏感的；kind善良的；brave勇敢的。
解析 从后文“we
are
always
looking
for
to
save
time
and
make
our
lives
easier”可知，我们对于一次性产品的喜爱(love)是我们制造太多垃圾的另一个原因。lack缺乏；prevention阻止；division分开，分割。
√
√
we
are
always
looking
for
9
to
save
time
and
make
our
lives
panies
10
thousands
of
different
kinds
of
disposable
products：paper
plates，plastic
cups，and
cameras，to
name
a
few.
9.A.ways
B.places
C.jobs
D.friends
10.A.donate
B.receive
C.produce
D.preserve
解析 前文讲到一次性产品的使用，因此我们总是寻找能节省时间和让我们的生活变得更容易的方式(way)。place地方；job工作；friend朋友。
解析 由主语Companies可知，工厂应该是生产(produce)大量的一次性产品。donate捐赠；receive收到；preserve保存。
√
√
Our
appetite
for
new
products
also
11
to
the
problem.We
are
12
buying
new
things.
11.A.adapts
B.returns
C.responds
D.contributes
12.A.tired
of
B.addicted
to
C.worried
about
D.ashamed
for
解析 联系空前的“Our
appetite
for
new
products
also”可知，我们对新产品的渴望也导致了(contribute
to)这个问题。adapt适应；return返回；respond回答，回应。
解析 结合“Our
appetite
for
new
products”可知，我们是对购买新的东西上瘾(be
addicted
to)了。be
tired
of厌倦；be
worried
about担心；be
ashamed
for为……感到羞愧。
√
√
Advertisements
persuade
us
that
13
is
better
and
that
we
will
be
happier
with
the
latest
products.The
result
is
that
we
14
useful
possessions
to
make
room
for
new
ones.
13.A.newer
B.stronger
C.higher
D.larger
14.A.pick
up
B.pay
for
C.hold
onto
D.throw
away
解析 上句中的“new
things”及后面的“with
the
latest
products”都暗示该空填newer。句意为：广告说服我们，越新的越好，有最新的产品我们会更开心。stronger更强壮的；higher更高的；larger更大的。
解析 联系后文的“to
make
room
for
new
ones”可知，我们常常是扔掉(throw
away)还有用的物品，去给新的东西腾出地方。pick
up捡起，收听，学会；pay
for支付；hold
onto抓住不放。
√
√
All
around
the
world，we
can
see
the
15
of
this
throw-away
lifestyle.
Mountains
of
rubbish
just
keep
getting
bigger.
15.A.advantages
B.purposes
C.functions
D.consequences
解析 从后文的“Mountains
of
rubbish
just
keep
getting
bigger.”可知，在全世界我们都可以看到这种随手扔的生活方式所带来的后果(consequence)。advantage好处；purpose目的；function功能。
√
To
16
the
amount
of
rubbish
and
to
protect
the
17
，more
governments
are
requiring
people
to
recycle
materials.
16.A.show
B.record
C.decrease
D.measure
17.A.technology
B.environment
C.consumers
D.brands
解析 结合后文的“more
governments
are
requiring
people
to
recycle
materials”可知，此处指减少(decrease)垃圾的数量。show展示；record记录；measure测量。
√
√
解析 减少垃圾，回收利用的目的是保护环境(environment)。
18
，this
is
not
enough
to
solve
our
problem.
18.A.However
B.Otherwise
C.Therefore
D.Meanwhile
解析 联系空后的“this
is
not
enough
to
solve
our
problem”可知，空前后为转折关系，故用however。otherwise否则；therefore因此；meanwhile同时。
√
Maybe
there
is
another
way
out.We
need
to
repair
our
possessions
19
throwing
them
away.We
also
need
to
rethink
our
attitudes
about
20
.Repairing
our
possessions
and
changing
our
spending
habits
may
be
the
best
way
to
reduce
the
amount
of
rubbish
and
take
care
of
our
environment.
19.A.by
B.in
favour
of
C.after
D.instead
of
20.A.spending
B.collecting
C.repairing
D.advertising
解析 从空前的“We
need
to
repair
our
possessions”可知，我们需要修理我们的物品以便再用，而不是(instead
of)扔掉它们。by通过；in
favour
of支持；after在……之后。
解析 结合前文“Our
appetite
for
new
products”及后文“Repairing
our
possessions
and
changing
our
spending
habits...”可知，我们也需要重新考虑我们的消费(spend)态度了。collect收集；repair修理；advertise做广告。
√
√
第二步：语篇迁移练习
Ⅰ.篇章结构
整体理解以上语篇，完成下列表格
measures
throw-away
recycle
Repairing
changing
replace
repair
disposable
new
contributes
Ⅱ.语法填空
下面是根据以上短文改写的一篇短文，阅读后，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It
is
said
that
we
are
entering
a
throw-away
society,1.
means
that
people
these
days
tend
to
throw
away
old
things
and
buy
new
ones.There
are
a
few
2.
(factor)
behind
this
phenomenon.
which
factors
First
of
all，with
the
3.
(develop)
of
technology，the
company
can
produce
4.
(many)
cheap
products.Apart
from
economic
and
technical
reasons，other
factors
include
people’s
lack
5.
awareness
of
environmental
protection.For
example，some
people
use
disposable
products
for
6._______________(convenient)
every
day
paying
little
attention
to
7._____
impact
on
the
environment.So
our
appetite
for
new
products
also
8.
(lead)
to
the
problem.
At
present，many
governments
are
encouraging
people
9.
(use)
recyclable
materials.Despite
the
improvement
of
our
living
conditions,10.__________(throw)
old
things
away
should
be
discouraged
and
it
is
everyone’s
responsibility
to
protect
the
environment.
development
more
of
convenience
the
to
use
throwing
leads
文体链接——议论文
1.结构清晰，脉络有序。议论文是高考完形填空较难的一种文体，一般由三个要素组成：论点、论据、结论。论点和论据形成一体，相互印证。有时作者为了使文章脉络清楚，行文流畅，会使用一些连接词，如：on
the
contrary，all
in
all，in
short，generally
speaking，worse
still，on
the
other
hand，in
conclusion，as
a
consequence等。
2.首句制胜，论点明确。议论型完形填空的首句常常是文章的主旨句。作者一般在文章的首段提出论点，然后在各段的首句提出分论点。
3.不同的议论文论点的提出方式不同，有以下三种情况：①开门见山地提出论点，然后再通过具体的论据去说明论点，论据有时候既有正面的论据，也有反面的论据，最后总结全文。②导入式提出论点。先通过叙述生活中的一件具体的事情或描述生活中的现象，然后根据事情或现象所反映的问题提出自己的论点，再用具体的论据去说明自己的论点。③最后提出论点。有些议论文一开始作者仅仅是列举生活中的现象，不表明自己的观点，是通过对具体现象的分析，最后得出一种结论。本文属于第②类。
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回
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