2021届高三高考英语二轮总复习 第三部分第1讲谓语动词(动词的时态和语态、主谓一致课件(117张ppt)

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名称 2021届高三高考英语二轮总复习 第三部分第1讲谓语动词(动词的时态和语态、主谓一致课件(117张ppt)
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第三部分 语法填空和短文改错
语法填空和短文改错两大题型,都是以语法基础知识为根源,虽然分值不是很高,但是在高考中的分量不低,这是其他题型的基础。高考中这两道题在后面,做到此处,很多考生都累了,精力不是很集中了,所以此时唯有手熟,才能轻取。只要经过大量的练习,再加上掌握一定的技法,这两道题能得满分。所以,广大考生一定不要轻视这两道题。
考纲解读
主要考查考生在阅读理解的基础上运用语法的能力。
考情分析
一、语法填空
短文特点
 卷别 
年份 
类别     
全国Ⅰ卷
全国Ⅱ卷
全国Ⅲ卷
2020
2019
2018
2020
2019
2018
2020
2019
2018
文体
新闻报道
说明文
说明文
说明文
记叙文
说明文
记叙文
记叙文
记叙文
主题词
嫦娥四号
北极熊
跑步
新年装饰物
年度
女性
中国
农业
艺术家
旅行经历
大猩猩
考点分析
卷别  
年份 
考点 
全国Ⅰ卷
全国Ⅱ卷
全国Ⅲ卷
2020
2019
2018
2020
2019
2018
2020
2019
2018



连词
并列
?
?
?
?but
?
?
?
?
从句

where
?
that/
which
?
which
that/
which
whose
That/
who
?

?
?
?
?
?
when/as
so
(...that...)
?

?
that
?
?
?
?
?
?
who/
which



介词
?
of/for
?
with
?
?
on
of
for
冠词
?
the
?
the
a
the
?
?
the
固定
结构
(how)
much
?
?
(more)
than
?
?
?
?
?



谓语
时态
touched
have
reported
?
?
have
made
has
grown
pointed
recommended
meant
declared
started
语态
is
constructed
?
?
?
?
?
be
chosen
were
invited
?
主谓
means
are
is
carries
?
?
?
?
?



非谓语
过去
分词
?
?
?
decorated
?
?
?
?
?
现在
分词
?
?
?
coming
saying
feeding
surrounding
listening
?
动名词
?
noting
dying
?
being
?
?
?
looking
不定式
to
find
to
perform
to see
to
care
to
retire
to
improve
to
find
to get
to
stay







动词
?
?
stren-gthen
?
?
?
?
?
?
名词
interest
belief
?
celebr-ation
?
pollution
curio-sity
competition
scien-tist
形容词
?
?
ener-getic
beauty-ful
wonde-rful
global
?
traditi-onal
challe-nged
副词
extremely
poorly
?
certai-nly
finally
actually
gently
hugely
?



?
名词复数
?
?
causes
?
?
?
?
?
?
比较等级
than
(纯空)
higher
longer;
than(纯空)
?
?
than(纯空)
finest
?
loudest
代词
its
?
it(纯空)
?
?
?
?
?
them
由以上表格统计数据分析可知,语法填空有如下命题规律:
1.命题形式:有不给提示词和给提示词两类,其比例通常为3∶7。
2.答案词数:不给提示词的纯空格只能填1个单词,而给提示词的答案可能是1个词、2个词,也可能是多个词。
3.纯空格题的考点:
(1)主要考查连词、介词和冠词(助记:廉洁官)。其中,连词几乎每年必考。
(2)有时要求考生填it,如2018年全国Ⅰ卷。
(3)特别需要注意的是2020年考查了固定结构,如全国Ⅰ卷how much,全国Ⅱ卷more than。
4.给提示词题的考点:
(1)年年考查谓语动词(包括时态、语态、主谓一致等)、非谓语动词和词类转换。
(2)经常考查名词的复数形式、形容词或副词的比较等级,尤其是全国Ⅰ卷。
(3)有时给出代词的主格,要求考生填宾格、物主代词、反身代词等。如:
年份与卷别
给出提示词
答案
2020年全国Ⅰ卷
it
its
2018年全国Ⅲ卷
they
them
解题技法
1.略读全文,了解大意。
2.从句子结构的完整性去思考该填哪类词。
3.从句子意思的完整性去思考具体填哪个词。
4.根据前后句子之间的逻辑关系确定填适当的并列连词或从句的引导词。
5.先易后难,等容易的做好再考虑做难题。
6.做完后再通读一遍,认真检查。
二、短文改错
短文特点
卷别
年份
体裁
短文内容
词数
句数
全国
Ⅰ卷
2020
记叙文
做西红柿炒鸡蛋
113
10
2019
记叙文
作者因一次小“意外”而喜欢上足球运动,并成为一名优秀球员
97
8
2018
记叙文
去年暑假作者去祖父母家感受到的变化
113
8
2017
记叙文
作者暑假学车的经历
109
8
全国
Ⅱ卷
2020
应用文
外国学生学中国功夫
99
8
2019
记叙文
作者希望未来所从事的职业及喜欢该职业的原因
107
7
2018
记叙文
年少时父母让“我”玩纸牌游戏的良苦用心
108
7
2017
记叙文
记叙在我校工作的张氏夫妇的日常消遣
92
7
全国
Ⅲ卷
2020
记叙文
制订饮食计划
102
7
2019
记叙文
作者要开办多家咖啡馆的工作梦想
113
9
2018
记叙文
作者在一次写作课上克服恐惧心理,主动回答问题
102
7
2017
记叙文
作者看到自己的照片时,想起了许多美好的往事
110
6
考点分析
考点
?
年份
卷别     
名词
代词
冠词
数词
介词
连词
谓语
非谓语
动词
词性
误用
比较
等级
常用词
辨析
其他
时态
语态
主谓
一致
情态
虚拟
全国
Ⅰ卷
2020



?

√√
?
?

√√

?
?
?
2019



?
?
√√
?
?
?
√√

?
√√
?
2018

?

?

√√

?
?


?
√√
?
2017

?





?
?
?

?

√√
全国
Ⅱ卷
2020


?
?
√√
√√√

?
?
?

?

?
2019

?
?




?
?
?



√√
2018
√√


?
√√

√√
?
?

?
?
?
?
2017

?

?

√√

?
?

?

√√
?
全国
Ⅲ卷
2020



?

√√


?
?

?

?
2019



?



?
?
√√√

?
?
?
2018


?
?
?
√√


?
√√


?
?
2017
?


?

√√
√√
?
?


?

?
总数
12份
12
8
9
2
12
21
12
2
1
13
10
3
11
4
1.长度:短文有6~10句话,100词左右。
2.内容:类似学生习作,贴近学生生活。
3.体裁:近四年都是记叙文。除2020年全国Ⅱ卷是应用文(书信),2017年全国Ⅱ卷以第三人称讲述外,其余都是作者讲述自己的经历和梦想,即主要是以第一人称写的记叙文。
4.考点:几乎涉及高考大纲所列的所有语法项目:名词的单复数、代词、冠词、数词、介词、连词、谓语、非谓语动词、词类转换(词性误用)、比较等级、常用易混词辨析等。可简记为:名代冠,数介连;谓非谓转可较辨。
5.考法:
(1)要求考生增1个词、删1个词、改1个词的比例一般是1∶1∶8。
(2)每句话中最多设2个错。即有的句子无错,有的句子有1处错,有的有2处错。
(3)需要变形的词通常是动词、名词、形容词、副词。助记:动词形、名词数,还有形和副。
(4)少了一个词,要求添加的词有连词、介词、冠词、不定式符号to、人称代词、物主代词等。助记:连介冠,符号to;还有人称和物主。
(5)多了一个词,要求删除的词有连词、介词、冠词、不定式符号to、物主代词、助动词、副词等。助记:连介冠,符号to;还有物主和助副。
(6)标点符号、大小写和词序等不设错。
解题技法
改错要容易,考点须牢记。
三个步骤
1.浏览全文,弄懂文意,标出明显错误。
2.逐句阅读,依据考点,逐句寻找错误。
3.重读全文,仔细推敲,解决个别难题。
三个维度
词法:介词、冠词、连词的多用或少用;词性误用、现在分词与过去分词的混用等。
句法:主谓一致、并列一致、时态前后一致、名词的单复数一致、指代一致。(5个一致)
行文逻辑:因果关系、转折关系、递进关系、意义的肯定与否定等。
题型一 关于谓语动词的语法填空
第1讲 谓语动词(动词的时态和语态、主谓一致)
内容索引
题型二 关于谓语动词的短文改错
——弄清设错点,用对解题技法
题型一 关于谓语动词的语法填空
考点一
考查谓语动词的时态
Tip 1 辨明时态标志词
1.The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe(探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess— (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.(2020·全国Ⅰ)
touched
解析 考查时态。句子主语是The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe,谓语动词是touch。根据时间状语last week可判断用一般过去时。touch down意为“(飞机等)降落,着陆”。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
2.The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane,for example, (form) the core collection of the British Museum that opened in 1759.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)
formed
解析 考查动词的时态。根据上文内容以及时间状语in 1759可知,应用一般过去时。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
3.By about 6000 BC,people (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise.(2020·浙江)
had discovered
解析 考查时态。根据时间状语By about 6000 BC(到大约公元前6000年为止)可知,空格处的谓语动词需用过去完成时,表示到过去某个时间为止已经完成或发生的动作。故填had discovered。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
4.—You are a great swimmer.
—Thanks.It’s because I (practise)a lot these days.
(2020·天津)
have been practising
解析 考查时态。句意为:——你游泳游得很好。——谢谢。这是因为这些天我一直在练习。根据句中的时间状语these days可知,practise这一动作从过去一直持续到现在,并且有可能持续下去,故用现在完成进行时。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
5.In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements...(2019·全国Ⅰ)
have reported
解析 考查时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语In recent years可知,主句用现在完成时态,主语为some Inuit people,故填have reported。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
6.Irene said,“I don’t see any reason to give up work.I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I (make) over the years...”(2019·全国Ⅱ)
have made
解析 考查动词的时态。根据定语从句中的时间状语over the years可知,此处用现在完成时态。故填have made。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
7.Since 2011,the country (grow) more corn than rice.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
has grown
解析 考查时态和主谓一致。由时间状语Since 2011可知,此处用现在完成时,主语the country是第三人称单数,故谓语动词用has grown。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
8.China’s high-speed railways (grow) from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers.
(2018·北京)
have grown
解析 时间状语in the past few years与现在完成时连用,由此可知应该用have grown。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
高考语法填空中,考生可以根据时间标志词或时间状语轻松作答。
1.一般现在时:sometimes,every year/week/day/morning,often,always,usually,seldom,now and then等。
2.一般过去时:once upon a time,yesterday,last week/month/year,just now,the other day,时间段+ago,时间段+later, in+过去的年份。
3.现在完成时:lately,recently,so/by far,by now,up to now,until now,in/during/over the past/last few+时间段等。in/over recent+时间段,since+过去的时间点,ever since等。
技法指导
4.现在进行时:Look!Listen!now, at present,at this moment/time/minute,currently等。
5.过去进行时:at that moment/time/minute,then等。
6.一般将来时:tomorrow,next week/month/year,in (the coming)+时间段,upcoming,in the future等。
7.过去完成时:by+过去的时间,by then,by the end of+过去的时间点,until then,before+过去的时间点。
8.将来进行时:at this time/moment tomorrow等。
Tip 2 语境定时态
1....they smiled and (point) down the river.(2020·全国Ⅲ)
pointed
解析 考查动词的时态。and连接两个并列谓语动词,前后时态应一致。故填pointed。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
2.“This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters,a scientist at Brown University,says,“because it (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon is constructed.”(2020·全国Ⅰ)
means
解析 考查时态。根据直接引语中的excites可判断用一般现在时;主语是it,故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
3.Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award,proud Irene ____________
(declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.Irene said...(2019·全国Ⅱ)
declared
解析 考查动词的时态。该句主语为Irene,此处为谓语成分,根据后文的had以及said可知,用一般过去时态,故填declared。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
4.Our hosts shared many of their experiences and (recommend) wonderful places to eat,shop,and visit.(2019·全国Ⅲ)
recommended
解析 考查时态。and连接两个谓语并列的动词,空格处与shared并列,时态要一致。故填recommended。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
5.When every pupil in the school wears the uniform,nobody _______________
(have) to worry about fashion(时尚).(2019·浙江)
解析 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意为:当每个在校学生都穿校服时,没有人会担心时尚问题。此处用一般现在时描述一般情况;分析句子结构可知,主语是nobody,所以谓语动词用has。或理解为when引导的时间状语从句谓语动词用一般现在时表将来,主句用一般将来时,故还可填will have。
has/will have
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
6.One study in America found that students’ grades (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms.(2019·浙江)
解析 考查时态。分析句子结构可知,此处that引导宾语从句,而从句中缺少谓语动词,同时根据主句谓语动词found和时间状语从句中的introduced可知,此处也应用一般过去时,故填improved。
improved
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
7.On the first day of my first grade,I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach.I (voice) my biggest concern to my mother...(2019·北京)
解析 考查时态。此处的voice意为“表达”,是动词,作谓语,根据上文可知,这里叙述的是过去的事情,用一般过去时。故填voiced。
voiced
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
8. A few months after he had arrived in China,Mr Smith (fall) in love with the people and culture there.(2019·江苏)
解析 考查时态。句意为:史密斯先生到中国几个月后,就爱上了那里的人们和文化。这里描述的是过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时。
fell
1
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10
9.I (hope) to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage,but I couldn’t manage it.(2019·天津)
解析 考查时态。句意为:我本来想给彼得送个礼物来祝贺他结婚,但我没能做到。由couldn’t manage用的是一般过去时可知,空格处表示过去本希望做其事但却没做成,用过去完成时。故填had hoped。
had hoped
1
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5
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7
8
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10
10.When the gorillas and I frightened each other,I was just glad to find them alive.True to a gorilla’s unaggressive nature,the huge animal (mean) me no real harm.(2018·全国Ⅲ)
解析 考查动词的时态。由语境可知,此处事情发生在过去,要用一般过去时态。
meant
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1.瞻前顾后找平行:并列连词连接的平行结构,连接对等的词或对等的结构,可以作为时态判断的依据。常见如下:and,but,or,both...and...,either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...but (also)...等。尤其关注一个主语,两个或两个以上的并列谓语,谓语动词的时态要保持一致。
2.语境提示定时态:如果没有时间标志词或者具体的时间状语,就要联系上下文、前后句中的时态,看看动作是否同时发生或者先后发生,确定填空处的时态。
3.主句从句相对应:宾语从句中,主句如果用一般过去时,从句也应该用过去的时态;但陈述客观事实或真理时,从句用一般现在时。时间、条件状语从句中,主将从现,即主句为一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表将来。
技法指导
Tip 3 牢记固定的句式
1.In any unsafe situation,simply (press) the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.(2018·北京)
press
解析 句意为:在任何不安全的情况下,只要按一下按钮,训练有素的工作人员就会给予你所需要的帮助。根据空后的and可知应该填press。这是一个固定句式,其构成是“祈使句+and+陈述句”。
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2.Susan had quit her well-paid job and (work) as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.(2018·北京)
was working
解析 句意为:去年我去看望苏珊的时候,她已经辞去了高薪工作,正在社区做志愿工作。when引导的时间状语从句用的是一般过去时,表明主句也是过去的某种时态。此处表示去年“我”去看她时她正在进行的动作,因此用过去进行时。
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3.I (drive) down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road. (2017·天津)
was driving
解析 考查时态。句意为:我正开车(was driving)去伦敦,这时突然发现我走错路了。be doing...when...是固定句式,表示“正在做……这时突然……”。
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背熟固定句式,触发做题敏感点。
1.It/This/That is the first/second/...time that sb. /sth. have/has done sth. 这/那是某人/某物第一/二/……次做某事。
2.It/This/That was the first/second/...time that sb. /sth. had done sth. 这/那是某人/某物第一/二/……次做某事。
3.hardly/scarcely/rarely...had done...when sb. /sth. did...和no sooner had done...than sb. /sth. did表示“一……就……”。
4.It is (high) time that sb. /sth. did/should do...
到了某人/某物该做……的时候了。
5....was/were doing...when sb. /sth. did某人/某物正在做……这时突然……
6.祈使句+and+陈述句,陈述句为一般将来时。
技法指导
考点二
考查谓语动词的语态
1.“This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters,a scientist at Brown University,says,“because it means we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon (construct).”(2020·全国Ⅰ)
is constructed
解析 考查时态和语态。整句话的时态为一般现在时,且the moon与construct(组成,构成)之间是被动关系,故用一般现在时的被动语态。
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2.One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait(画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their finest work,so that he could choose the best.The artist was sure he would (choose),but when...(2020·全国Ⅲ)
be chosen
解析 考查动词的语态。主语he和动词choose之间是被动关系,空格前有would,故用“be+及物动词的过去分词”。
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3.The parts of a museum open to the public (call) galleries or rooms.
(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)
are called
解析 考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知,句中缺少谓语,主语the parts与动词call之间为被动关系,且此处说明客观事实,故用一般现在时的被动语态。
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4.And,as more children were born,more food (need).(2020·浙江)
was needed
解析 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。food和need之间是被动关系,因此用被动语态;由上文的were born可知,此处用一般过去时;且food在此处为不可数名词,作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。因此填was needed。
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5.On the last day of our week-long stay,we (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars...
(2019·全国Ⅲ)
were invited
解析 考查时态和语态。由On the last day of our week-long stay可知,句子时态为一般过去时。we和invite之间是被动关系,故用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were invited。
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6.They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals (install) by 2022 for the Beijing Winter Olympics.(2019·江苏)
will have been installed
解析 考查动词的时态和语态。句意为:他们正努力确保在2022年北京冬奥会之前安装5G终端。表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作,用将来完成时。“5G终端”和“安装”之间是被动关系,用被动语态,故填 will have been installed。
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7.A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who (trap) in the mountains for two days. (2018·北京)
had been trapped
解析 句意为:一位救援人员冒着生命危险救了两名被困在山里两天的游客。故填had been trapped。根据risked可知,主句用了一般过去时,表示冒险救人的动作发生在过去,被困在山里这一动作发生在这之前,属于过去的过去,即用过去完成时;主语two tourists和trap之间是被动关系,故用过去完成时的被动语态。
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8.My washing machine (repair) this week,so I have to wash my clothes by hand.(2018·天津)
is being repaired
解析 句意为:我的洗衣机本周正在被修理,因此我只好用手洗我的衣服。my washing machine与repair之间是被动关系,需用被动语态;再根据后面的“我只好用手洗衣服”可知,洗衣机正在被修理,需用现在进行时的被动语态。
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9.I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan_________
_________(carry) out in the past two years.(2018·江苏)
had been
解析 句意为:上个月我被派到那个村子,去看了看在过去的两年里这个发展计划实施得怎么样了。根据in the past two years可知,应用完成时,carry out发生在was sent to之前,应用过去完成时;the development plan与carry之间是被动关系,故用过去完成时的被动语态,故填 had been carried。
carried
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10.I still remember visiting a friend who’d lived here for five years and I
_____________(shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
(2018·浙江)
解析 考查时态和语态。根据后面的learnt可知,此处说的是过去的事,故用一般过去时;而I与shock之间是被动关系,故用被动语态。
was shocked
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1.步骤:①确定主语;②判断主语和动词的关系:如果主语是动作的发出者,要用主动语态;如果主语是动作的承受者,要用被动语态。
2.特别注意:不及物动词(词组)没有被动语态。如:breathe,happen,exist,remain,rise,taste,survive,belong to,break out,break down,come up,come true,take place等。
3.牢固掌握时态的被动形式
①一般现在时:is/am/are done
②一般过去时:was/were done
③现在完成时:have/has been done
技法指导
④一般将来时:will be done
⑤现在进行时:is/am/are being done
⑥过去进行时:was/were being done
⑦过去完成时:had been done
⑧过去将来时:would be done
4.情态动词的被动形式:情态动词+be done。
5.特别注意动词的不规则变化,不要因为细节而失分。
1. This is why decorating with plants,fruits and flowers (carry) special significance.(2020·全国Ⅱ)
考点三
考查主谓一致
carries
解析 考查时态及主谓一致。此处陈述客观事实,所以用一般现在时;从句主语是动名词短语decorating with...,所以从句谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。此题不要被flowers干扰,要找对从句的真正主语。
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2.Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations,three are declining,six (be) stable,one is increasing,and nine lack enough data.(2019·全国Ⅰ)
are
解析 考查时态和主谓一致。本句其他谓语用了一般现在时,本句的主语six指代six polar bear subpopulations,表示复数意义,故本空应填谓语动词are。
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3.The musician along with his band members (give) ten performances in the last three months.(2019·江苏)
has given
解析 考查动词的时态与主谓一致。句意为:在过去的三个月里,这名音乐家与他的乐队成员已经完成了十场演出。由in the last three months可知,这句话的时态为现在完成时;along with连接两个名词作主语时,谓语动词应与前面的名词在人称和数上保持一致,故填has given。
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4.Amy,as well as her brothers, (give) a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.(2019·天津)
was given
解析 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意为:上周埃米和她的兄弟们回到村庄时受到了热烈的欢迎。根据时间状语last week可知,应用一般过去时;as well as连接两个并列的主语时,谓语动词应与前面的主语一致,即与Amy一致,故此处应用第三人称单数形式;Amy与give之间是被动关系,故用被动语态。
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5.While running regularly can’t make you live forever,the review says it __ (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking,cycling or swimming.
(2018·全国Ⅰ)
is
解析 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知,这里用一般现在时,主语it是第三人称单数形式,故谓语动词用is。
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6. Fast food (be) full of fat and salt;by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.(2017·全国Ⅰ)
is
解析 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据行文的时态可知,此处用一般现在时;句子的主语Fast food(快餐)是不可数名词短语,故填be的第三人称单数形式is。
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1.核心定义:主谓一致即语法形式的一致,数的一致。
①主语为单数可数名词或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式。
②主语为单个不定式(短语),动名词(短语)或主语从句时,谓语动词用单数形式。
③主语为复数名词或两个或以上不定式(短语),动名词(短语)或主语从句时,谓语动词用复数。
④a large quantity of+名词,谓语动词用单数;quantities of+名词,谓语动词用复数。
⑤如果定语从句缺少主语,谓语动词与先行词,即从句所修饰的名词或代词保持数的一致。
技法指导
2.就近原则
①either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...but (also)...,not...but...等并列连词连接主语时。
②there be 句型中,谓语动词与最近的主语保持数的一致。
3.就远原则:名词+介词短语+名词,谓语动词与离的远的第一个名词,即句子的主语保持数的一致。
介词短语包括:with/along with/together with/as well as/rather than/in addition to/including等。
考点四
考查情态动词和虚拟语气
1.If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers,I (not,be) where I am.(2020·江苏)
wouldn’t be
解析 考查虚拟语气。句意为:我如果没有面对那么多的障碍,就不会有今天的我。根据if条件句中的hadn’t been faced with...可知,从句与过去事实相反,由此判断出本句是虚拟语气。再由主句中的I am可知,主句与现在事实相反,故用would do。本句考查的是含有错综条件句的虚拟语气。
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2.What a pity!You missed the sightseeing,or we (have) a good time together.(2019·江苏)
would have had
解析 考查虚拟语气。句意为:真遗憾!你错过了这次观光,否则我们会在一起玩得很开心。根据关键词or可知,这里表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,谓语动词应用would have done。
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3.The workers were not better organized,otherwise they ________________________
(accomplish) the task in half the time.(2019·天津)
would have accomplished
解析 考查虚拟语气。句意为:工人们没有被组织好,否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。此处otherwise表达了一种含蓄虚拟;otherwise前的内容所述的是过去的事实,相当于if引导的条件状语从句“If the workers had been better organized”,因此后半部分应用“主语+would have done sth. ”结构。
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4.In today’s information age,the loss of data can (cause) serious problems for a company.(2018·北京)
cause
解析 考查情态动词的基本用法。句意为:在如今这个信息时代,数据的丢失可能会给一个公司造成严重的问题。情态动词后面需要用动词原形,故填 cause。
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5.I can’t find my purse.I could (leave) it in the supermarket yesterday,but I’m not sure. (2018·天津)
have left
解析 句意为:我找不到我的钱包了。我昨天可能把它落在了超市里,但我不确定。根据句中的时间状语yesterday可知,空格处是对过去发生事情的推测,需用“情态动词+have done”,故填 have left。
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6.They might have found a better hotel if they (drive) a few more kilometers. (2018·北京)
had driven
解析 根据主句的谓语形式以及语境可知,if条件句应该用过去完成时,表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的结构:主句谓语用“should/would/could/might+have done”,从句谓语用“had+过去分词”。
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7.There is a good social life in the village,and I wish I (have) a second chance to become more involved. (2018·江苏)
had
解析 句意为:在这个村子里社交生活良好,我希望我能再有机会更多地参与其中。I wish后接从句,从句要用虚拟语气。叙述与现在事实相反的假设,从句谓语用did(be动词用were);叙述与过去事实相反的假设,从句谓语用had done;叙述与将来事实相反的假设,从句谓语用would/could do。由语境可知,此处叙述与现在事实相反的假设,故填 had。
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8. If we (catch) the flight yesterday,we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now. (2018·天津)
had caught
解析 句意为:如果我们昨天赶上了航班的话,我们现在就在海滩上享受假期了。根据前半句中的时间状语yesterday以及后半部分中的would be enjoying及时间状语now可知,这是一个错综时间条件句。从句表示与过去的事实相反的假设,故用“had+动词的过去分词”。故填 had caught。
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1.情态动词不单独使用
①基本用法:情态动词+be/do
②被动形式:情态动词+be+done
③表示对过去的推测:情态动词+have done
2.if 条件句的虚拟
①对过去的虚拟,if 条件句中用had done
②对现在的虚拟,if 条件句中用一般过去时
技法指导
3.固定句式
①It’s (high) time that...did/should do...
②would rather (that) sb. did(对现在/将来的虚拟)或者would rather (that) sb. had done(对过去的虚拟)
③suggest/advise/order/require/insist 后的 that从句中的虚拟:从句谓语动词用should+do,should 可以省略
④wish that sb. did/were(对现在的虚拟)或者wish that sb. had done(对过去的虚拟)
4.关键词 without/or/otherwise/but for 往往是虚拟语气的提示词。
返 回
1.Actually,I start to learn kung fu when I was seven years old,but I have long been out of practice.(2020·全国Ⅱ)
题型二 关于谓语动词的短文改错——弄清设错点,用对解题技法
设错点1
谓语动词时态或语态的误用
答案 start→started
解析 根据时间状语从句when I was seven years old可知,叙述的是作者7岁时发生的事情,所以主句谓语用一般过去时。
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2.For example,every morning,my dad has to have a bowl of egg soup while I had to eat an apple.(2020·全国Ⅲ)
答案 had→have
解析 根据every morning判断句子用一般现在时。
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3.Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are using for cooking.(2016·全国Ⅰ)
答案 using→used 
解析 fresh vegetables and high quality oil与use之间为被动关系。be used for被用于。
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1.上下文中时态应一致:若上文是一般过去时,则下文同样用一般过去时;若上文是一般现在时,则下文同样用一般现在时。
2.看主语和谓语之间是主动还是被动关系,确定语态。
①被动语态的构成形式:a.一般时:be done;b.进行时:be being done;c.完成时:has/have/had been done。
②“情态动词+be+过去分词”结构中be动词不可遗漏。
③及物动词(短语)之后若无宾语应用被动语态;不及物动词(短语)无被动语态。
解题技法
1.Still I unwilling to play the games with them sometimes.I didn’t realize how right my parents were until I entered high school.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
设错点2
系动词/助动词的缺失或动词过去式和过去分词的混用
答案 在I后面加was
解析 be unwilling to do sth. 不愿意做某事。此处说的是过去的事情,主语是I,所以be动词用was。
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2.It was Monday morning,and the writing class had just begin.(2018·全国Ⅲ)
答案 begin→begun
解析 由语境可知,此处是过去完成时,要用“had+过去分词”结构。begin的过去分词为begun。
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3.About one month after this photo was took,I entered my second year of high school and became a new member of the school music club.(2017·全国Ⅲ)
答案 took→taken
解析 被动语态的结构为“be+及物动词的过去分词”,take的过去分词是taken。
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1.在句中作表语的形容词或名词(短语)、不定式、分词等前面不能没有系动词。
2.不规则动词的过去式和过去分词形式易混用。如began用作begun,gave用作given等。
3.在改正时态错误时,注意动词的正确形式变化,不要因写错单词形式而丢分。
解题技法
The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks,and mistakes as well.(2018·全国Ⅲ)
设错点3
谓语动词单复数的误判
答案 include→includes
解析 分析句子结构可知,此处为代词that作主语,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。
1.主语是单数形式,谓语动词就用单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语动词就用复数形式。
2.倒装句中谓语的数与其后的主语的数一致。
解题技法
1.I like eating fried tomatoes with eggs,and I thought it must to be easy to cook.(2020·全国Ⅰ)
设错点4
情态动词后的动词形式错误和虚拟语气的错用
答案 删除第一个to
解析 情态动词must后跟动词原形。
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2.No matter how many times I asked to watch them,my parents would not to let me.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
答案 去掉would not后的to
解析 would (not)表示“意愿”时后面直接跟动词原形,不需要加to。
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3.We can chose between staying at home and taking a trip.(2016·全国Ⅱ)
答案 chose→choose 
解析 考查动词形式。根据语法知识可知,情态动词can后要用动词原形。
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4.Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby.(2016·全国Ⅱ)
答案 删除can或can→should 
解析 考查虚拟语气。suggest表示“建议”,后面的宾语从句要用should do形式,should可以省略,故答案有两种改法。
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1.情态动词后应接动词原形,后接形容词或名词时需与系动词be构成系表结构。
2.注意虚拟语气中be动词通常用were。
3.suggest,order,require,insist等表建议、命令、要求和坚决要求的动作后的宾语从句常用“should+动词原形”结构,should可以省略。
解题技法
增分单句训练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Only 300 people will (allow) to climb it each year,and only during spring.(2020·山东青岛二中模拟)
深度演练
be allowed
解析 考查被动语态。分析句子可知,空格处是谓语动词。其主语是300 people,与动词allow之间是被动关系,故要用一般将来时的被动语态,故填be allowed。
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2.—I’m still working on my project.
—Oh,you’ll miss the deadline.Time (run) out.
(2020·黑龙江实验中学模拟)
is running
解析 考查动词的时态。run out为不及物动词短语,没有被动语态,此处强调“时间正在流逝”,故用现在进行时。
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3.Before that,The Magical Pen,loosely based on Chinese children’s book Ma Liang With the Magical Pen, (win) multiple international prizes.(2020·云南昆明一中质检)
had won
解析 分析句子结构可知,此处win用作谓语动词,结合上文“Before that”可知,此处应用过去完成时。故填had won。
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4.Schools were quite bare,and the students (have) tiring days,walking miles to get to school often barefoot.(2020·广东深圳质检)
had
解析 由“Schools were quite bare”可知,这里用一般过去时叙述过去的事实。故填had。
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5.—Come on,Kitty.
—Oh,good heavens! Both my legs are nearly to give out.I _________________
(walk) for hours like a dog.(2020·江苏丹阳质检)
have been walking
解析 根据时间状语for hours可知,这个动作从过去开始一直在持续,故应用现在完成进行时。
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6.On the first day,all students attended an assembly.During it,we _________
(tell) by the headmaster that the best way to earn respect was to work hard and achieve high grades.(2020·北师大附中模拟)
were told
解析 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知,此处是谓语动词,由下文的was判断此处应用一般过去时;主语we和tell之间是被动关系,故用一般过去时的被动语态;主语we是复数,故填were told。
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7.I wonder if my complaint about the quality of your products ______________
(handle) tomorrow.(2020·天津南开中学模拟)
will be handled
解析 分析句子可知,my complaint和handle之间是被动关系,应用被动语态;wonder后面接了一个由if引导的宾语从句,if意为“是否”,从句时间标志为tomorrow,要用一般将来时,所以是一般将来时的被动语态will be handled。
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8.It is the sixth time that WHO (declare) such an emergency since 2005.(2020·山东淄博第二次质检)
has declared
解析 根据固定句型:It/This/That is the first/second/...time that sb. /sth. have/has done sth. 这/那是某人/某物第一/二/……次做某事,that后的从句使用现在完成时,主语WHO是第三人称单数形式,用has done。故填has declared。
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9.Since red (believe) to keep misfortune and evil spirits away,it can be noticed in everything from clothing to lanterns.(2020·四川天府中学质检)
is believed
解析 描述主语现在的状态,用一般现在时,“红色”和“认为”之间是被动关系,用被动语态,所以填is believed。
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10.The city faces the Mediterranean Sea and (sit) on the northeast coast of the Iberian Peninsula.(2020·河南中原名校统考)
sits
解析 此处描述客观事实,应用一般现在时,主语为The city,故谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填sits。
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Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
1.It was the first time that I performed Latin dance with a classmate on stage.
(2020·四川德阳高中二诊)
答案 在performed前加had
解析 分析句子可知,本句为固定句式“it was the+序数词+time+主语+had done...”,故从句应是过去完成时结构。故在performed前面加上had。
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2.I include a small amount of money,and the next day I gave him the note and money in a small envelope when he got on the bus.(2020·广东实验中学质检)
答案 include→included
解析 根据and后的句子的时态可知,应使用一般过去时。故将include改为included。
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3.But when it come to pigs,we somehow reach an agreement that pigs are lazy,ugly,stupid and shameless.(2020·湖北武汉华师附中调研)
答案 come→comes
解析 考查主谓一致。此处描述客观事实,应用一般现在时,主语为it,谓语动词用第三人称单数。故将come 改为comes。
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4.For me,taking notes was of great help.I also come to know many professors who were available for extra help whenever I needed it.
(2020·福建厦门双十中学模拟)
答案 come→came
解析 分析上下句时态可知,应用一般过去时,故将come改为came。
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5.Desperate to slow the fast-moving virus,the Chinese authorities had extended the country’s national holiday,and crippled land,rail and air transport.
(2020·四川成都七中调研)
答案 had→have
解析 根据语境可知,表示过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响和结果,应该用现在完成时,主语是复数。故将had改为have。
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6.Then she carefully wiped the hat clean before handing it to the old man.Seeing that,the boys were stopped laughing.(2020·湖南九师联盟质检)
答案 删除were
解析 此处句中boys和stop之间是主动关系,故删除were stopped中的were。
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7.After the PRC was found,he returned to China to help develop China’s national defense.(2020·新疆二诊)
答案 found→founded
解析 本句中the PRC与found构成被动关系,故将found改为founded。
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8.In addition to that burden,many out-of-class activities held in my school,some of which,I dare say,are very boring.(2020·陕西宝鸡中学二模)
答案 在held前加are
解析 activities与hold之间是被动关系,应该用被动语态,此处缺少be与过去分词held作句子的谓语,主语是复数,谓语也随之用复数形式,根据后面的时态可知,用一般现在时,故在held前加are。
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9.After that,my grandfather and I had walked slowly,appreciating the scenery and laughing along the way.(2020·安徽江南十校质检)
答案 删除had
解析 分析语境可知,动作发生在过去,应用一般过去时。故删除walked前面的had。
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10.If I had to go somewhere far away,I’ll take the public transportation.
(2020·广东深圳二模)
答案 had→have
解析 根据后文“I’ll take the public transportations.”可知,主句为一般将来时,从句应用一般现在时表将来,主语为I,故将had改为have。
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Ⅰ.词汇升级——文似看山不喜平
用高级词汇替换下列动词
1.ask sb. for help(帮助)→turn sb. for help
2.attend(参加)→participate ___
3.affect/work(有影响;起作用)→make difference
4.consider(考虑)→take sth. account/consideration
5.decide(决定)→make decision
6.know(知道)→be aware ____
7.like(喜欢)→be fond /have a taste /be crazy ______
增分写作训练
——谓语动词在写作中的应用
to
in
a
into
a
of
of
for
about
8.laugh loud(大笑)→burst laughter
9.remember(记住)→keep/bear mind
10.master(对……熟练掌握)→have a good command ____
11.succeed(成功)→make __
12.tell(告知)→inform sb. sth. /that...
13.thank(感谢)→___________
14.use(使用)→ use of/ advantage of
15.visit(参观)→pay visit ____
into
in
of
it
of
appreciate
make
take
a
to
Ⅱ.句式升级
1.主动变被动,原汁原味更生动
①Last Sunday,our school held a five-kilometer cross-country running race.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)
___________________________________________________________________②I heard the local gallery will hold a Chinese Painting Exhibition,so I am writing to apply to be a volunteer.(2019·全国Ⅰ)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
③We would be delighted if you could give your performance in person.(2019·全国Ⅲ)
_____________________________________________________________
Last Sunday,a five-kilometer cross-country running race was held in our school.
Having heard that a Chinese Painting Exhibition will be held in the local gallery,I am writing to apply to be a volunteer.
We would be delighted if your performance could be given in person.
2.情态动词和虚拟语气运用要得体
①要是没有你的帮助和专业指导,我们不会做得这么出色。(but for虚拟)
(2020·浙江)
________________________________________________________________________________
②因为我熟悉中国绘画文化,我可以让外国人和当地人更加了解它。(情态动词can)
(2019·全国Ⅰ)
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
③希望你能考虑我的邀请。(wish 虚拟)(2019·全国Ⅲ)
_________________________________________________
But for your help and professional instruction,we couldn’t have done so brilliantly.
Because of my familiarity with Chinese painting culture,I can get foreigners and the locals to know more about it.
I wish you could take my invitation into consideration.
返 回
本课结束