外研版（2019） 选择性必修 第四册 Unit 6 Space and beyond课件（4份打包）

(共19张PPT)
Unit
6　Space
and
beyond
新知脉图·素养导引
听歌练音·主题热身
导语Shoulders
of
Giants是2009国际天文年主题曲。歌曲唱出了人类探索星空的历史。从伽利略400年前第一次把望远镜指向天空开始,
从哥白尼提出日心说却被教会处死开始,
从牛顿总结开普勒三大定律提出万有引力学说开始,
天空变得不那么神秘,
然而同时也有更多的东西等待着我们去探索。?
注:
听音填空
Shoulders
of
Giants
It
was
a
calm
and
cloudless
night
but
it
was
all
still
a
blur
A
shaking
of
our
Universe
①____________________?
It
was
Summertime.
.
.
1609
when
Galileo
used
his
telescope
for
the
very
first
time
and
he
saw
mountains
and
craters
on
the
moon
and
a
Milky
Way
with
thousands
of
stars
and
he
saw
Jupiter,
with
four
tiny
moons
was
just
about
to
occur
②__________________on
Earth
that
night
who
knew?
That
Copernicus
was
right
come
outside
with
me
tonight
and
I
can
show
you
wonders
of
the
world
to
surprise
and
delight
I’ve
got
my
telescope
with
me
he
was
the
only
man
③___________________?
that
on
the
Shoulders
of
Giants.
.
.
.
.
.
we’ll
see
beyond!
The
world
turns
round
and
round
now
around
400
years
have
flown
since
Galileo’s
telescope
first
focused
the
unknown
Now
we
use
bigger
glass
to
peer
into
the
past
And
we’re
discovering
the
Universe’s
secrets
at
last
And
there
are
geysers
on
Saturn’s
icy
moon
just
wait
until
you
see
and
planets
④______________________?
while
all
the
Universe
expands
like
a
balloon
from
Galileo’s
tiny
telescope
we’ve
come
so
far
Galileo
was
right
when
he
looked
out
in
the
night
and
he
discovered
wonders
of
the
world
to
surprise
and
delight
circling
hundreds
of
stars
【词海拾贝】
【听力微语系列】
重复是提高听力的重要环节
　　上面这首歌中,
一些词如Galileo,
Copernicus,
night,
telescope,
shoulders等反复出现,
这样我们就能慢慢猜出它们的意思。另外,
一些句子结构也是反复出现。如Galileo
was
right,
Copernicus
was
right等。这些重复使我们领会歌曲的内容和一些词的发音,
有助于提高我们的听力。平时练习听力也是如此,
一遍听不懂再听一遍就会有所提高。
【即时训练】听音频回答问题。
1.
What
will
the
woman
do
with
those
things
in
the
box?
A.
Donate
them
to
the
poor.
B.
Throw
them
away.
C.
Move
them
to
the
new
house.
2.
What
are
the
speakers
mainly
talking
about?
A.
A
flight.
B.
A
special
event.
C.
A
paper.
3.
Who
is
the
man
probably?
A.
A
cook.
B.
A
customer.
C.
A
waiter.
4.
When
will
the
man
see
Dr.
Jones?
A.
On
Wednesday.
B.
On
Thursday.
C.
On
Friday.
5.
What
does
the
woman
mean?
A.
She
has
little
free
time.
B.
She
doesn’t
earn
much.
C.
She
didn’t
get
a
raise.
答案:
1～5.
ABCBB
【听力原文】
Text
1
W:
Peter,
could
you
please
help
me
move
the
box
into
the
car?
M:
No
problem.
Oh,
what’s
inside
the
box?
W:
They
are
Tom’s
toys,
clothes
and
old
books.
I
want
to
send
them
to
the
poor.
Text
2
W:
The
morning
paper
says
the
spaceship
is
taking
off
at
10:
00
am
tomorrow.
M:
Yeah,
it’s
just
another
one
of
this
year’s
events.
Text
3
W:
I’d
like
to
order
the
mushroom
soup
and
a
small
salad.
M:
All
right,
madam.
Take
this
number
and
sit
wherever
you’d
like.
Your
order
will
be
ready
in
about
five
minutes.
Your
total
is
$8.
50.
Text
4
M:
Hi,
Mrs
Wells,
could
you
change
my
appointment
with
Dr.
Jones
to
Friday?
I
have
an
important
meeting
on
Wednesday.
W:
He
is
fully
booked
on
Friday.
What
about
Thursday?
M:
OK.
Text
5
W:
I’m
thinking
about
finding
a
second
job
to
earn
a
bit
of
extra
money
in
my
free
time.
M:
Why?
I
thought
you
got
a
raise
the
other
day.
W:
Yes.
But
I
am
still
not
paid
well.
I
think
I
should
find
a
part-time
job
as
a
tutor
at
night.
【听力译文】
站在巨人的肩膀上
此夜寂静无云,
但一切仍在混沌之中。
一次对我们宇宙的冲击即将发生。
那是一个夏天,
在一六零九年,
当伽利略第一次用他的望远镜,
向天对准焦点,
看到月亮上有许多山峦和火山口,
还看到银河繁星千千万万,
又看到木星旁边有四个卫星在转,
那一夜,
他是地球上唯一知道这一切的人。
哥白尼说得没有错,
今晚和我一起出来吧,
我能向你展示这个世界的奇迹,
尽享惊奇和快乐。
我已带上我的望远镜,
等待,
直到你看见。
站在巨人的肩膀上……
……我们将会看到远方!
世界依然运行,
一圈又一圈,
伽利略首次把他的望远镜指向未知,
已是四百年之前。
现在我们用更大的望远镜,
窥视过去。
宇宙的无穷奥秘正在不停被发现。
冰封的土星卫星上居然有许多喷泉,
几百颗恒星周围也有行星环绕旋转,
此刻宇宙正像气球一般膨胀,
从伽利略的小望远镜开始,
我们已经走了那么远。
伽利略说得没有错,
当他在星空下探索,
就能看到自然的奇妙,
享受惊奇和快乐。(共66张PPT)
Unit
6　Space
and
beyond
Using
language
语法精讲·素养提升
情态动词(Modals)
【语用功能】
情态动词本身有一定的词义,
表示语气的单词。但是不能独立作谓语,
只能和动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词用在行为动词前,
表示说话人对这一动作或状态的看法或主观设想。
情态动词虽然数量不多,
但用途广泛,
主要包括下列单词和短语:
can
(could),
may
(might),
must,
need,
ought
to,
dare
(dared),
shall
(should),
will
(would)
【情境探究】
A:
Can
I
help
you?
B:
Yes,
I
need
a
dress
for
a
formal
party.
A:
Here,
this
one
must
be
the
fittest.
B:
May
I
have
a
try?
A:
Yes,
you
can.
观察上面对话,
并完成句子。
1.
—How’s
your
new
babysitter?
—We
________
ask
for
a
better
one.
All
our
kids
love
her
so
much.
2.
—I
have
prepared
all
kinds
of
food
for
the
picnic.
—Do
you
mean
we
_______
bring
anything
with
us?
3.
It
was
sad
to
me
that
they,
so
poor
themselves,
______
bring
me
food.
couldn’t
needn’t
should
【要义详析】
1.
can,
could
(1)表示能力(体力、知识、技能)。
Can
you
lift
this
heavy
box?
(体力)你能举起这个重箱子吗?
Mary
can
speak
three
languages.
(知识)玛丽会说三种语言。
Can
you
skate?
(技能)你会溜冰吗?
此时可用be
able
to代替。can只有一般现在时和一般过去式;
而be
able
to则有更多的时态。
I’ll
not
be
able
to
come
this
afternoon.
今天下午我不能来了。
当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be
able
to,
不能用can。
He
was
able
to
go
to
the
party
yesterday
evening
in
spite
of
the
heavy
rain.
尽管下着大雨,
他昨天晚上还是去参加了聚会。
(2)表示请求和允许。
—Can
I
go
now?
我现在可以走了吗?
—Yes,
you
can.
/No,
you
can’t.
是的,
可以/不,
你不可以。
此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could,
might代替,
不是过去式,
只是语气更委婉,
不能用于肯定句和答语中。
—Could
I
come
to
see
you
tomorrow?
明天我能来见你吗?
—Yes,
you
can.
(
No,
I’m
afraid
not.
)
可以。(我恐怕不能。)
(3)表示客观可能性(客观原因形成的能力)。
They’ve
changed
the
timetable,
so
we
can
go
by
bus
instead.
他们改变了时间表,
所以我们可以乘公共汽车去了。
This
hall
can
hold
500
people
at
least.
这个大厅至少能容纳500人。
(4)表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度),
用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。
Can
this
be
true?
这能是真的吗?
This
can’t
be
done
by
him.
这不可能是他做的。
How
can
this
be
true?
这怎么是真的?
【即学活用】
选词填空(can/be
able
to)
(1)As
a
human
being,
anyone
____
make
a
mistake.
(2)Will
you
_________come
tonight?
?
(3)I
didn’t
think
this
story
_____
be
true.
can
be
able
to
could
2.
may,
might
(1)表示请求和允许。might比
may语气更委婉,
而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can’t或mustn’t,
表示“不可以,
禁止”。
—Might/May
I
smoke
in
this
room?
我能在这屋里抽烟吗?
—No,
you
mustn’t.
不可以。
—May/Might
I
take
this
book
out
of
the
room?
我能把这本书带出房间吗?
—Yes,
you
can.
(No,
you
can’t
/mustn’t.
)
是的,
你可以。(不,
你不能。)
用May
I.
.
.
?
征询对方许可时比较正式和客气,
而用Can
I.
.
.
?
在口语中更常见。
(2)用于祈使句,
表示祝愿。
May
both
the
bride
and
groom
have
long
and
happy
lives.
祝新郎新娘白头偕老,
幸福美满。
(3)表示推测、可能性(不用于疑问句)。
might不是过去式,
它所表示的可能性比may小。
He
may/might
be
very
busy
now.
他现在可能很忙。
Your
mother
may/might
not
know
the
truth.
你妈妈可能不知道真相。
【即学活用】
用适当的情态动词填空
(1)Life
is
unpredictable,
even
the
poorest
__________become
the
richest.
(2)____
you
be
happy
every
day
and
succeed
in
your
work!
(3)If
you
have
something
important
to
do,
you
_______
waste
any
time.
may/might
May
mustn’t
3.
must,
have
to
(1)表示必须、必要。
You
must
come
in
time.
你必须按时来。
在回答引出的问句时,
如果是否定的,
不能用mustn’t(禁止,
不准),
而用needn’t,
don’t
have
to(不必).
—Must
we
hand
in
our
exercise
books
today?
我们必须今天交练习本吗?
—Yes,
you
must.
—No,
you
don’t
have
to/you
needn’t.
(2)must是说话人的主观看法,
而have
to则强调客观需要。must只有一般现在时,
have
to
有更多的时态形式。
His
play
isn’t
interesting,
I
really
must
go
now.
他的比赛没意思,
我现在必须走了。
I
had
to
work
when
I
was
your
age.
当我是你这个年龄时我不得不工作。
(3)表示推测、可能性(只用于肯定的陈述句)
You’re
Tom’s
good
friend,
so
you
must
know
what
he
likes
best.
你是汤姆的好朋友,
所以你一定知道他最喜欢什么。
Your
mother
must
be
waiting
for
you
now.
你妈妈现在一定在等你。
【即学活用】
用适当的情态动词填空
(1)If
you
_____
smoke,
please
go
out.
(2)My
brother
was
ill,
so
I
______call
a
doctor
in.
?
(3)—Must
I
turn
down
the
radio
now?
—No,
you
___________________.
?
must
had
to
needn’t/don’t
have
to
4.
dare,
need
(1)dare作情态动词用时,
常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中,
过去式形式为dared。
How
dare
you
say
I’m
unfair?
你竟敢说我不公平?
He
daren’t
speak
English
before
such
a
crowd,
dare
he?
在这样一群人面前他不敢说英语,
他敢吗?
If
we
dared
not
go
there
that
day,
we
couldn’t
get
the
beautiful
flowers.
如果那天我们不敢去那里,
我们就不能得到美丽的花。
(2)need
作情态动词用时,
常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must,
have
to,
ought
to,
should代替。
You
needn’t
come
so
early.
你不用来很早。
—Need
I
finish
the
work
today?
我需要今天完成工作吗?
—Yes,
you
must.
/No,
you
needn’t.
是的,
你需要。/不,
你不需要。
(3)dare和
need作实义动词用时,
有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中,
dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中,
dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。
I
dare
to
swim
across
this
river.
我敢游过这条河。
He
doesn’t
dare
(to)answer.
他不敢回答。
He
needs
to
finish
his
homework
today.
他需要今天完成作业。
【即学活用】
选词并用其正确形式填空(dare/need)
(1)You
_______
see
him,
but
I
must.
(2)_____
you
go
home
alone?
(3)—_____
I
pay
the
whole
amount
now?
—Yes,
you
must.
(4)He
asked
me
whether
I
______
swim
across
the
river.
needn’t
Dare
Need
dared
5.
shall
(1)shall
用于第一人称,
征求对方的意见。
What
shall
we
do
this
evening?
今晚我们做什么?
(2)shall
用于第二、三人称,
表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
You
shall
fail
if
you
don’t
work
hard.
(警告)
如果你不努力工作,
你就会失败。
He
shall
have
the
book
when
I
finish
it.
(允诺)
我读完这本书后,
他就可以拿到了。
He
shall
be
punished.
(威胁)
他将受到惩罚。
6.
will,
would
(1)表示请求、建议等,
would更委婉。
Will/Would
you
pass
me
the
ball,
please?
请把球传给我好吗?
(2)表示意志、愿望或决心。
I
will
never
do
that
again.
我再也不会这样做了。
They
asked
him
if
he
would
go
abroad.
他们问他是否会出国。
(3)will表示某种倾向或习惯性动作,
意为“总是会;
老是;
就是”;
否定结构意为“不肯;
不能”。
Some
birds
will
fly
south
when
winter
comes.
冬天来临时,
有些鸟会飞往南方。
(4)would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯时比used
to正式,
且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。
During
the
vacation,
he
would
visit
me
every
other
day.
放假期间,
他每隔一天就会来看我。
The
wound
would
not
heal.
伤口不会愈合。
(5)表示估计或猜想。
It
would
be
about
ten
o’clock
when
she
left
home.
她离开家大约要十点钟。
【即学活用】
选词填空(will/would)
(1)I
still
remember
my
happy
childhood
when
my
mother
______
take
me
to
Disneyland
at
weekends.
(2)Boys
____
be
boys.
They
are
always
naughty.
would
will
7.
should,
ought
to
(1)should,
ought
to表示“应该”,
ought
to表示义务或责任,
比should语气重。
I
should
help
her
because
she
is
in
trouble.
我应该帮助她,
因为她有麻烦。
You
ought
to
take
care
of
the
baby.
你应该照顾婴儿。
(2)表示劝告、建议或命令。should,
ought
to可通用,
但在疑问句中常用should。
You
should/ought
to
go
to
class
right
away.
您应该/应该马上去上课。
Should
I
open
the
window?
我应该打开窗户吗?
(3)表示推测
should,
ought
to
(客观推测),
must(主观推测)。
He
must
be
home
by
now.
(断定他已到家)
他现在一定在家。
He
ought
to/should
be
home
by
now.
(不太肯定)
他现在应该在家。
This
is
where
the
oil
must
be.
(直爽)这一定是放油的地方。
This
is
where
the
oil
ought
to/should
be.
(含蓄)
这应该是放油的地方。
(4)should(表示可能)假如,
万一
If
you
should
change
your
mind,
do
let
me
know.
如果你改变主意,
一定要告诉我。
【即学活用】
选词填空(shall/should)
(1)Nothing
_____
stop
us
from
carrying
out
this
plan.
(2)In
case
you
______
need
any
help,
here’s
my
number.
(3)—What
does
the
sign
over
there
read?
—“No
person
_____
smoke
or
carry
a
lighted
cigarette,
cigar
or
pipe
in
this
area.
”
(4)Manager,
someone
is
waiting
for
you.
_____
he
come
in?
(5)You
_____
get
what
you
want
if
you
behave
well.
shall
should
shall
Shall
shall
8.
情态助动词的词法和句法特征
(1)除ought
to和used
to和have
to以外,
其他情态动词后面只能接不带to的不定式。如果我们把ought
to和used
to看做是固定词组的话,
那么,
所有情态动词无一例外地只能接不带to的不定式:
We
used
to
grow
beautiful
roses.
我们过去常常种这种漂亮的玫瑰花。
I
asked
if
he
would
come
and
repair
my
television
set.
我问他是否来修我的电视机。
(2)情态助动词在限定动词词组总是位居第一:
They
need
not
have
been
punished
so
severely.
他们不需要如此严厉的惩罚。
(3)情态助动词用于第三人称单数现在时的时候,
没有词形变化,
即其词尾无-s形式:
She
dare
not
say
what
she
thinks.
她不敢说她是怎么想的。
(4)情态动词没有非限定形式,
即没有不定式和分词形式,
也没有相应的动名词:
Still,
she
needn’t
have
run
away.
不过,
她不必跑了。
(5)情态助动词的“时”的形式并不是时间区别的主要标志。在不少场合,
情态助动词的现在时和过去时形式都可以表示现在、过去或将来时间:
Would
you
mind
very
much
if
I
ask
you
to
do
something?
如果我让你做什么你会很介意吗?
She
told
him
he
ought
not
to
have
done
it.
她告诉他本不应该这样做。
(6)情态助动词之间是相互排斥的,
即在一个限定动词词组中只能出现一个情态助动词,
但有时却可以与have和be基本助动词连用:
You
should
have
washed
the
wound.
你本应该已经洗好了伤口。
Well,
you
shouldn’t
be
reading
a
novel.
嗯,
你不应该读一本小说。
(7)情态动词must一般疑问句的否定回答要用needn’t而不是mustn’t。
—Must
I
read
books
every
day?
我必须每天读书吗?
—No,
you
needn’t.
不,
你不必。
【即学活用】
用适当的情态动词填空
(1)To
speak
excellent
English,
you
don’t
_______be
living
in
England.
?
(2)I’ve
ordered
some
pizza,
so
we
_______
worry
about
cooking
when
we
get
home
tired.
(3)Some
people
who
don’t
like
to
talk
much
are
not
necessarily
shy,
they
____
just
be
quiet
people.
have
to
needn’t
may
课时检测·素养达标
Ⅰ.
单句语法填空
选用can,
may,
must,
can’t,
mustn’t,
needn’t,
should,
could
填空
1.
There
is
air
around
us,
though
we
_____
see
it.
2.
Your
mother
is
getting
better
and
better.
You
_______
worry
about
her.
3.
You
_______
play
football
in
the
busy
street.
4.
—“____
it
be
true?
”
—“Yes.
It
_____
be
true
indeed.
”
can’t
needn’t
mustn’t
Can
must
5.
Tom
____
come
to
the
party
tonight,
but
I’m
not
sure.
6.
______
you
please
fetch
me
some
water?
7.
Young
trees
______
be
planted
in
spring.
8.
—“May
I
take
this
magazine
out
of
the
reading-room?
”
—“No,
you
_______.
”
9.
Please
speak
a
little
louder
so
that
I
____
hear
you.
may
Could
should
mustn’t
can
Ⅱ.
翻译句子(使用情态动词)
1.
你不能去人多的公共场所。
______________________________________?
2.
建议外出戴口罩。
_______________________________________?
3.
如果你发烧,
必须立刻看医生。
_____________________________________________________?
You
mustn’t
go
to
the
crowded
public
areas.
You
should
wear
a
face
mask
when
going
out.
If
you
are
having
a
fever,
you
must
go
to
see
a
doctor
at
once.
4.
保持双手卫生,
否则你会有危险。
__________________________________________?
5.
你应该尽量待在家里。如果可以的话,
你可以看视频学习。
_____________________________________________________________
________________?
Keep
your
hands
clean
or
you
may
be
in
danger.
You
should
stay
at
home
as
much
as
possible.
If
you
can,
you
can
watch
some
study
videos.
【语法主题应用】
I
1.
_______
have
worried
before
I
came
to
the
new
school,
for
my
classmates
here
are
very
friendly
to
me.
Ellen
is
a
fantastic
dancer.
I
wish
I
2.
_______(dance)as
well
as
her.
No
one
3.
____
be
compared
with
Ellen
in
dancing.
Jack
is
a
great
talker.
It’s
high
time
that
he
4.
___(do)
something
instead
of
just
talking.
I
got
close
enough
to
hear
them
speaking
Chinese,
and
I
said
“Ni
Hao
”
just
as
I
5.
______
do
in
China.
Teachers
recommend
parents
6.
_______________(allow)
their
children
under
needn’t
danced
can
did
might
should
not
allow
12
to
ride
bicycles
to
school
for
safety.
Students
7.
_____
obey
school
rules.
One
of
our
rules
is
that
every
student
8.
_____
wear
school
uniform
while
at
school.
?
It
is
required
by
the
rules
that
students
9.
_____
get
grades
not
lower
than
85
in
any
subject
in
order
to
get
the
scholarship.
It
is
beyond
my
understanding
that
many
adults
10.
______
be
so
crazy
about
Harry
Potter
series
like
me.
must
shall
shall
should
课时素养评价
十七　Unit
6　Using
language
【语用训练】
Ⅰ.
用情态动词的正确形式填空
1.
Listen,
please.
You
(may
not/might
not)
_______speak
during
this
exam.
?
2.
They
(can’t/may
not)
_____still
be
out!
3.
You(couldn’t/might
not)
________
smoke
on
the
bus.
4.
With
luck,
tomorrow
(can/could)
_____
be
a
cooler
day.
may
not
can’t
couldn’t
could
5.
You
(can/might)
______
be
right
but
I’m
going
back
to
check
the
times.
6.
You’ve
been
working
all
day.
You
(could/must)
_____
be
very
tired.
7.
I
wonder
who
it
is.
It
(can’t/mustn’t)
_____
be
Lisa.
She’s
still
in
the
library
now.
8.
My
father’s
birthday
is
coming.
What
(shall/may)
_____
I
give
him?
9.
It’s
a
long
time
since
we
met
last
time.
You
(might/should)______
see
us
more
often.
10.
Why
don’t
you
try
on
this
dress?
It
(will/can)____
look
nice
on
you.
might
must
can’t
shall
should
will
Ⅱ.
用适当的情态动词填空
1.
Can
you
help
me?
I
____
never
understand
this.
2.
__________
you
tell
me
what
time
it
is,
please?
3.
Henry
_____
walk
when
he
was
one
year
old.
4.
We
are
going
for
a
walk.
______
you
like
to
join
us?
5.
Tom,
you
_______
leave
your
clothes
on
the
floor
like
this.
6.
The
road
is
wet.
It
_____
have
rained
last
night.
7.
He
has
waited
outside
for
half
an
hour.
_____
he
come
in?
can
Could/Can
could
Would
mustn’t
must
Shall
8.
These
flowers
have
died.
You
______
have
watered
them.
9.
____
she
be
ten
years
old
next
month?
10.
I
____
have
hurt
your
feelings,
but
it
was
not
my
intention.
should
Will
may
【主题阅读】
完形填空
My
name
is
Miranda
Gibson.
I
have
been
at
the
top
of
a
tree
for
five
months
now.
Some
people
might
wonder
　1　
on
earth
I
would
choose
to
do
that.
?
I
have
walked
through
this
forest
many
times.
On
12
December
2011,
　2　
rolled
into
the
forest
and
the
destruction(摧毁)
began.
I
couldn’t
　3　
the
thought
that
these
forests
would
be
　4　
forever.
So,
on
14
December
2011,
I
packed
up
my
life,
　5　
of
my
job
plans,
and
climbed
60
meters
to
the
top
of
this
tree.
I
have
been
here
ever
since.
?
Life
in
the
tree
tops
can
be
　6　
at
times.
I
have
times
when
I
feel
frustrated(沮丧)
and
wish
I
could
　7　,
to
anywhere,
just
have
a
　8　
of
scenery
for
a
minute!
There
are
times
too,
when
I
feel
terribly
　9　.
I
miss
my
friends
and
family.
　10　
these
times,
I
find
myself
loving
the
　11　.
?
Living
on
the
tree
has
been
inspiring.
I
am
willing
to
　12　
up
here
for
as
long
as
it
takes,
　13　
I
honestly
hope
it
won’t
be
too
　14　
before
I
can
put
my
feet
on
the
ground
below
and
stand
in
a
forest
that
will
never
be
　15　.
【文章大意】文章作者是米兰达·吉布森。为了保护森林,
到现在为止,
她已经在树上待了五个月了。她给人们解释了自己选择那样做的原因。
1.
A.
why　　
　B.
when　　　C.
how　　　D.
where
【解析】选A。根据上文I
have
been
at
the
top
of
a
tree
for
five
months
now.
可知,
有些人想知道我为什么会待在树上。故选A。
2.
A.
water
B.
animals
C.
machinery
D.
tourists
【解析】选C。根据下文and
the
destruction
began,
结合选项可知,
是机器开进来,
破坏开始了。故选C。
3.
A.
bear
B.
help
C.
keep
D.
spare
【解析】选A。根据下文So,
on
14
December
2011,
I
packed
up
my
life,
______of
my
job
plans,
and
climbed
60
meters
to
the
top
of
this
tree.
可知,
作者一想到这些森林将永远消失,
就受不了,
所以他决定住在树上。故选A。?
4.
A.
sold
B.
stolen
C.
protected
D.
lost
【解析】选D。根据上文On
12
December
2011,
______
rolled
into
the
forest
and
the
destruction
began.
可知,
森林遭到摧毁,
将永远消失。故选D。?
5.
A.
grew
out
B.
fell
short
C.
ran
out
D.
let
go
【解析】选D。根据下文I
have
been
here
ever
since.
可知,
作者放弃了他的工作计划。故选D。
6.
A.
refreshing
B.
risky
C.
challenging
D.
rewarding
【解析】选C。根据下文I
have
times
when
I
feel
frustrated
and
wish
I
could
______,
to
anywhere,
just
have
a
______of
scenery
for
a
minute!
可知,
在树顶上生活是具有挑战性的一件事情。故选C。?
7.
A.
get
up
B.
get
away
C.
give
in
D.
give
up
【解析】选B。根据上文I
have
times
when
I
feel
frustrated
及空后to
anywhere可知,
作者希望自己能离开这里。故选B。
8.
A.
change
B.
look
C.
search
D.
touch
【解析】选A。根据上文I
have
times
when
I
feel
frustrated
and
wish
I
could
______,
to
anywhere可知,
此处指“风景的改变”,
也就是“换个环境”。故选A。?
9.
A.
confused
B.
nervous
C.
sorry
D.
lonely
【解析】选D。根据下文I
miss
my
friends
and
family.
可知,
有时我也会感到非常孤独,
我想念我的朋友和家人。故选D。
10.
A.
Beyond
B.
Without
C.
Despite
D.
Unlike
【解析】选C。结合前面的There
are
times
too,
when
I
feel
terribly
______.
I
miss
my
friends
and
family可知,
尽管有这些让我感到非常孤独的时刻,
我还是喜欢这种经历。根据语境可知,
前后句意存在让步关系,
故选C。?
11.
A.
height
B.
experience
C.
background
D.
position
【解析】选B。根据下文Living
on
the
tree
has
been
inspiring.
可知,
作者喜欢住在树顶上的经历。故选B。
12.
A.
return
B.
stop
C.
stay
D.
hide
【解析】选C。根据上文Living
on
the
tree
has
been
inspiring.
可知,
作者认为自己愿意在这里待多久就待多久。故选C。
13.
A.
but
B.
though
C.
because
D.
so
【解析】选A。根据前面的
I
am
willing
to
______up
here
for
as
long
as
it
takes我愿意在这里待多久就待多久,
但我真的希望在我能脚踏实地之前不会是太长时间,
站在一个永远不会被砍伐的森林里。可知,
前后句存在转折关系。故选A。?
14.
A.
soon
B.
long
C.
near
D.
bad
【解析】选B。根据前面的I
honestly
hope
it
won’t
be
too和后面的before
I
can
put
my
feet
on
the
ground
below
and
stand
in
a
forest
that
will
never
be
______可知,
但我真的希望在我能脚踏实地之前不会是太长时间,
站在一个永远不会被砍伐的森林里。根据语境及选项可知,
作者希望在他就能脚踏实地之前不会是太长时间。故选B。?
15.
A.
moved
B.
logged
C.
burned
D.
missed
【解析】选B。根据before
I
can
put
my
feet
on
the
ground
below
and
stand
in
a
forest
that
will
never
be
______可知,
此处指“被砍伐”。故选B。?
阅读理解
　　On
February
6,
2020,
American
astronaut
Christina
Koch
arrived
back
on
Earth
after
328
days
in
space.
Her
time
in
space
is
just
one
of
the
records
set
by
herself.
That’s
the
longest
spaceflight
ever
made
by
a
woman,
and
just
one
of
the
many
things
Ms
Koch
achieved
in
space.
Ms
Koch
took
off
from
Earth
for
the
International
Space
Station
(ISS)on
March
12,
2019.
While
in
space,
she
made
5,
248
trips
around
the
Earth,
travelling
2,
237
million
kilometres,
which
is
roughly
the
same
as
291
trips
to
the
Moon
and
back.
During
her
11
months
on
the
ISS,
Ms
Koch
took
part
in
six
spacewalks,
spending
over
42
hours
in
all
outside
the
station.
In
October
of
2019,
Ms
Koch
led
the
first
ever
all-female
spacewalk
with
Jessica
Meir.
But
for
most
astronauts,
space
travel
isn’t
about
setting
records.
It’s
about
doing
science.
Ms
Koch
took
part
in
a
wide
variety
of
special
experiments
including
studying
how
crystals
(晶体)grow
in
space,
how
atoms
(原子)behave
in
extreme
cold
and
learning
more
about
growing
plants
in
low
gravity.
Growing
plants
in
space
could
be
an
important
way
to
provide
food
on
future
trips.
She
also
tested
a
new
way
of
separating
liquids
from
gases.
This
experiment
could
lead
to
simple
methods
of
cleaning
water
and
air
in
space,
which
could
be
very
important
for
future
space
travel.
Ms
Koch
isn’t
just
a
scientist
and
an
astronaut.
She
is
also
being
studied.
She’s
part
of
a
NASA
program
studying
how
astronauts
are
affected
by
being
in
space
for
long
periods
of
time.
Her
trip
was
only
12
days
shorter
than
the
American
record
set
by
Scott
Kelly
in
2016.
As
they
did
with
Mr
Kelly,
NASA
scientists
are
looking
carefully
at
ways
Ms
Koch’s
body
has
been
affected
by
her
time
in
space.
That
research
is
important
for
the
longer
space
trips
NASA
hopes
to
make
in
the
future,
such
as
for
a
base
on
the
moon
or
a
trip
to
Mars.
【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了美国宇航员Koch女士完成了创纪录的太空飞行之后返回了地球,
以及她为太空飞行所做出的巨大贡献。
1.
Which
of
the
following
is
an
achievement
Ms
Koch
has
made?
A.
Making
the
longest
spaceflight
by
herself.
B.
Leading
the
first
women-only
spacewalk.
C.
Cleaning
water
and
air
successfully
in
space.
D.
Staying
outside
the
ISS
continuously
for
42
hours.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知,
在2019年10月,
Koch女士与Jessica
Meir
一起领导了第一次只有女性的太空旅行。所以可知,
Koch女士领导了第一次只有女性的太空旅行。故选B。
2.
What
does
the
author
want
to
tell
us
with
so
many
detailed
figures
in
Paragraph
2?
A.
Koch
made
historic
breakthroughs
in
space.
B.
Koch
went
through
a
life-threatening
space
trip.
C.
Koch
completed
admirable
tasks
in
the
space
travel.
D.
Koch
is
the
most
experienced
astronaut
in
NASA.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句可知,
这次最长时间的太空旅行只是Koch女士在太空中完成的任务之一。然后在接下来的第二段就用大量的数字列举了她在太空旅行中完成了很多令人敬佩的任务。故选C。
3.
Which
statement
agrees
with
the
text?
A.
Astronauts
are
competing
to
set
new
records.
B.
Koch’s
team
produced
their
own
food
in
space.
C.
NASA
has
founded
a
scientific
base
on
the
moon.
D.
Koch’s
research
is
significant
for
space
exploration.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可知,
Koch女士的实验可以导致一种简单的清洗太空中的水和空气的方法,
所以可知,
她的研究对于未来的空间探索具有重要意义。故选D。
4.
What
can
be
the
best
title
for
the
text?
A.
Record-Setting
Astronaut
Koch
Returns
to
Earth
B.
US
Astronauts
Carried
out
Experiments
in
Space
C.
Spacewalks
Have
Successfully
Been
Done
on
the
ISS
D.
NASA
is
Studying
Astronauts
for
Longer
Space
Trips
【解析】选A。标题归纳题。主要介绍了美国宇航员Koch女士完成了创纪录的太空飞行之后返回了地球,
以及她为太空飞行所做出的巨大贡献。所以最佳题目:
创纪录的宇航员Koch返回地球。故选A。(共123张PPT)
Unit
6　Space
and
beyond
Starting
out
&
Understanding
ideas
词汇积淀·素养初探
Ⅰ.
根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词
1.
lived
an
____________(平常的)
life
2.
cast
a
_______(阴影)
on
3.
_______(尖声大叫)
at
sb.
/sth.
4.
_________(暂停)
strike
5.
the
officers
and
_____(全体机组人员)
6.
the
___________(航天飞机)?
7.
ordinary
_________(短途出行)
unexceptional
shadow
scream
suspended
crew
space
shuttle
excursion
Ⅱ.
选词填空
set
foot
on,
become
accustomed
to,
be
aware
of,
take
off,
tune
in,
be
about
to,
a
sense
of,
on
board,
cast
a
shadow
on,
take
one’s
place
1.
I’m
afraid
that
somebody
will
____________because
of
his
serious
mistakes.
?
2.
All
seven
astronauts
________were
killed.
?
3.
Christa
hoped
to
communicate
_________excitement
and
rekindle
interest
in
the
space
programme.
?
4.
The
programme
is
________to
the
tastes
of
young
and
old
alike.
?
take
his
place
on
board
a
sense
of
tuned
in
5.
The
scandal
_______________his
career.
?
6.
I
ask
him
whether
he
was
disappointed
to
be
the
second
person
to
_________the
moon.
?
7.
It
was
special
because
Christa
McAuliffe
aged
37,
an
ordinary
teacher
and
mother,
___________become
the
first
civilian
in
space.
?
8.
We
___________the
potential
problems
and
have
taken
every
precaution.
?
9.
I
hate
to
say
farewell,
but
my
plane
is
about
to
_______.
?
10.
The
boy
has
____________________speaking
English
in
public.
?
cast
a
shadow
on
set
foot
on
was
about
to
are
aware
of
take
off
become
accustomed
to
阅读精研·素养构建
Ⅰ.
文本整体理解:
理清文章架构
Ⅱ.
文本细节理解:
探寻语篇细节信息
1.
What
were
people’s
feelings
when
people
watched
that
first
lunar
landing?
A.
happy　　B.
nervous　
　C.
amazed　
　D.
proud
2.
What
can
we
infer
from
Para.
2?
A.
The
challenger
wasn’t
so
attractive
as
the
first
lunar
landing
to
people.
B.
Christa
was
the
first
to
give
lessons
in
space.
C.
Before
the
1980s,
the
space
shuttle
had
appeared.
D.
The
disaster
made
a
difference
to
people.
3.
What
didn’t
happen
after
the
disaster?
A.
People’s
attitude
to
space
travel
changed.
B.
Space
shuttle
flight
were
suspended
for
over
3
years.
C.
People
succeeded
in
launching
Discovery.
D.
The
disaster
inspires
people
to
continue
space
exploration.
4.
What
is
the
main
idea
of
the
last
paragraph?
A.
The
great
people
in
space
exploration
B.
The
memory
of
the
dead
seven
people
C.
The
cause
of
the
disaster
D.
The
meaning
of
the
disaster
答案:
1～4.
BABD
Ⅲ.
文本素养提升:
阅读技能综合运用
1.
根据课文语境与语句知识细致解构语句。
(1)Millions
watched
that
first
lunar
landing
on
black
and
white
television
sets,
their
hearts
in
their
mouths,
aware
of(形容词短语作状语)how
arduous
and
hazardous
an
undertaking
it
was(how引导的宾语从句),
and
of
the
many
things
that
could
go
wrong(that引导的定语从句).
译文:
数以百万计的人在黑白电视机上观看了第一次登月,
他们心惊胆战,
___________________________________,
也意识到了许多可能出错的事情。
意识到这是一项多么艰巨和危险的事业
(2)Guided
by
a
computer(过去分词短语作状语)that
was
much
less
powerful
than
the
ones(that引导定语从句)used
by
today’s
average
school
students(过去分词短语
作定语),
all
three
astronauts
of
the
Apollo
11
mission
made
it
safely
back
to
Earth.
译文:
阿波罗11号任务的三名宇航员在一台
___________________________________________________,
安全返回地球。
比现在普通学生使用的电脑功能要少得多的电脑的指引下
(3)The
sacrifice
of
the
Challenger
calls
to
us,
reminding
us(非谓语动词短语作状
语)that
we
must
continue
to
reach
for
the
stars(that引导的宾语从句),
no
matter
how
distant
they
might
seem(now
matter
how
引导的让步状语从句).
译文:
挑战者的牺牲召唤着我们,
提醒我们,
无论星星看起来多么遥远,
___________________。
我们都必须继续努力
2.
课文语法填空。
　　Ever
since
Neil
Armstrong
first
set
foot
on
the
Moon,
people
(1)
___________(become)accustomed
to
the
notion
of
space
travel.
So
when
the
Challenger
space
shuttle
took
off,
the
world
seemed
(2)
__________(lose)its
wonder
at
the
amazing
achievements
of
the
astronauts
involved.
But
this
was
going
to
be
(3)___(not)
ordinary
excursion,
and
millions
of
people
tuned
in
to
witness
the
take-
off
on
TV.
It
was
special
have
become
to
have
lost
no
(4)_______
an
ordinary
teacher
was
about
to
become
the
first
civilian
to
give
a
lesson.
(5)_________(tragic),
the
shuttle
exploded
with
all
seven
astronauts
on
board
were
killed.
It
was
the
most
disastrous
space
accident
ever,
and
it
cast
a
shadow
on
people’s
hearts.
(6)_________(follow)the
shock
of
the
disaster,
space
shuttle
flights
were
suspended
(7)___
nearly
three
years.
But
there
was
never
any
doubt
(8)____
manned
flights
would
continue,
and
on
29
September
1988,
the
space
because
Tragically
Following
for
that
shuttle
programme
resumed
with
the
(9)_________(success)launch
of
Discovery.
Although
the
lives
of
its
crew
were
cut
short,
the
(10)________(memorize)of
those
seven
will
live
forever,
written
in
the
stars,
inspiring
us
to
join
them
in
humanity’s
greatest
journey
of
exploration
and
discovery.
?
successful
memory
3.
阅读主题活动。
(1)Why
do
you
think
people
continue
to
explore
space
despite
the
risks?
_________________________________________________________?
(2)Would
you
like
to
go
into
space?
Give
your
reasons.
Yes,
because
I
will
have
a
whole
new
experience
that
most
people
don’t
have.
I
can
also
experience
the
high-tech
by
myself
as
well
as
the
beautiful
sight
in
the
universe.
?
Because
people
still
believe
in
the
significance
of
space
exploration.
要点精研·素养奠基
1.
become
accustomed
to习惯于(做)某事
Ever
since
Neil
Armstrong
first
set
foot
on
the
Moon
back
on
20
July
1969,
people
have
become
accustomed
to
the
notion
of
space
travel.
自从1969年7月20日尼尔·阿姆斯特朗踏上月球以来,
人们已经习惯了太空旅行的概念。
You’re
going
to
have
to
get
used
to
bacon
and
eggs
with
a
few
slices
of
toast
for
breakfast
over
here,
Aunt
Mei!
梅姨,
您得适应这里腌肉、鸡蛋加几片烤面包的早餐!
The
shepherd
was
a
person
who
was
accustomed
to
having
eight
hours’
sleep
a
night.
这个牧羊人是一个习惯每晚睡八个小时的人。
I
must
get
accustomed
to
the
new
job
as
soon
as
possible.
我必须尽快地适应新的工作。
【语块积累】
(1)be/become/grow/get
accustomed
to
(doing)sth.
习惯于(做)某事
(2)get/be
used
to
(doing)sth.
习惯于……
be
used
to
do
sth.
被用来做某事
used
to
do
sth.
过去常常做某事
【即学活用】
语法填空
①I
was
accustomed
to
_____
(be)the
only
child
at
a
table
full
of
adults.
②She
had
not
yet
become
accustomed
__
the
fact
that
she
was
a
rich
woman.
③She
used
to
____(live)with
her
parents,
but
now
she
is
used
to
_____
(live)with
her
classmates
at
school.
being
to
live
living
2.
unexceptional
adj.
平常的
Following
the
Moon
landings,
space
travel
rapidly
became
unexceptional
to
the
public,
as
innovations
succeeded
each
other.
在登月之后,
太空旅行对公众来说很快就变得平常了,
因为创新接踵而至。
Since
then,
Michael
has
lived
an
unexceptional
life.
自那以后,
迈克尔过着平淡的生活。
At
the
age
of
five
the
genius
showed
exceptional
talent
as
a
musician.
这位天才在五岁时就表现出作为音乐家的非凡才能。
This
deadline
will
be
extended
only
in
exceptional
circumstances.
只有在特殊情况下才会延长最后期限。
Nobody
had
much
money
at
the
time
and
I
was
no
exception.
那时候谁都没有很多钱,
我也不例外。
【语块积累】
unexceptional
　　　　
adj.
平常的
exceptional
adj.
杰出的;
罕见的
exception
n.
例外
no
exception
不例外
without
exception
毫无例外;
无一例外
【即学活用】
语法填空
(1)School
governors
have
the
discretion
to
allow
parents
to
withdraw
pupils
in
__________
(exception)circumstances.
(2)The
problem
of
environmental
protection
affects
all
countries,
and
China
is
___
exception.
(3)You
must
all
take
the
examination
_______
exception.
exceptional
no
without
3.
cast
a
shadow
on给……蒙上阴影
It
was
the
most
disastrous
space
accident
ever,
and
it
cast
a
shadow
on
people’s
hearts.
这是有史以来最严重的太空事故,
给人们的心灵蒙上了阴影。
A
researcher
has
now
cast/throw
light
on
the
mystery
of
how
the
pyramids
were
built.
一位研究人员现在已经揭开了金字塔是如何被建造的神秘面纱。
The
children
were
having
fun,
chasing
each
other’s
shadows.
孩子们追逐着彼此的影子,
玩得很开心。
The
new
leader
wants
to
escape
from
the
shadow
of
his
predecessor.
新任领导想要摆脱前任的影响。
【语块积累】
shadow
　　　　　　
n.
阴影,
坏影响
cast/throw
light
on
使(某事)显得非常清楚;
阐明
【易混辨析】shade/shadow
①shade
n.
阴凉处,
背阴处
指树阴等遮挡阳光的阴凉之地,
无一定的轮廓。
Let’s
sit
in
the
shade
and
keep
cool.
我们坐在阴凉处乘凉吧。
These
trees
supply
shade
in
the
summer.
夏天这些树提供一片阴凉。
②shadow
n.
影子,
阴影
指人或物在光照下形成的影像,
有明显的轮廓。
The
trees
throw
their
shadows
on
the
lake.
树在湖上投下了影子。
Suddenly,
she
saw
the
shadow
of
a
man
in
the
window.
突然,
她发现窗户上有个男子的人影。
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空
The
accident
cast
a
shadow
___
the
safety
of
China’s
fast
expanding
subway
network.
(2)小时候树在湖上投下了奇怪的影子给他的心理蒙上阴影。
As
a
child,
the
strange
________
that
trees
throw
on
the
lake
_______________his
psychology.
?
on
shadows
cast
a
shadow
on
4.
suspend
v.
暂停;
中止;
悬;
挂;
吊
Following
the
shock
of
the
Challenger
disaster,
space
shuttle
flights
were
suspended
for
nearly
three
years.
在“挑战者”号灾难发生后,
航天飞机停飞了将近三年。
A
lamp
was
suspended
from
the
ceiling.
一盏吊灯悬挂在天花板上。
The
athlete
received
a
two-year
suspension
following
a
positive
drug
test,
which
was
being
looked
into.
该运动员因药检结果呈阳性而被禁赛两年,
这件事正在调查中。
【语块积累】
suspension　　n.
暂停;
中止
【易混辨析】pause就是一般意义的暂停的意思;
suspension有搁浅,
停职观察,
暂时停学观察的意思。
【即学活用】
语法填空
(1)I
think
her
__________(suspend)from
the
team
was
a
very
harsh
punishment.
(2)Dave
_____________(suspend)
from
school
for
a
week
because
he
violates
the
school
discipline
too
many
times.
?
suspension
was
suspended
5.
crew
n.
(轮船上和飞机上的)全体人员
Although
the
lives
of
its
crew
were
cut
tragically
short,
they
take
their
place
alongside
the
other
heroes
of
space
exploration.
虽然机组人员的生命是悲惨短暂的,
但他们却与其他太空探索英雄们并肩而行。
The
officers
and
crew
prepared
to
abandon
the
vessel
in
an
orderly
fashion.
全体船员秩序井然地准备弃船。
【名师点津】
主谓一致的问题:
audience/class/family/team/group/crowd/crew作主语(强调整体)+单数谓语动词+其他
audience/class/family/team/group/crowd/crew作主语(强调个体)+复数谓语动词+其他
【即学活用】
语法填空
(1)The
class
___(be)to
play
different
parts
in
the
play.
(2)His
audience
mainly
_______(consist)of
football
lovers.
(3)The
crew
___(be)of
different
nationalities
and
have
no
common
language.
are
consists
are
6.
She
planned
to
give
two
15-minute
lessons
from
orbit:
the
first
to
demonstrate
the
controls
of
the
spacecraft
and
explain
how
gravity
worked,
and
the
second
to
describe
the
objectives
of
the
Challenger
programme.
她计划从轨道上讲两节15分钟的课程:
第一节演示航天器的控制并解释重力是如何工作的,
第二节介绍“挑战者”计划的目标。?
【句式解构】
句子中
the
first
to
demonstrate.
.
.
/the
second
to
describe.
.
.
为to
do不定式作定语。
He
was
the
last
guest
to
arrive.
他是最后一个到达的客人。
Neil
Armstrong
was
the
first
to
set
foot
on
the
moon.
尼尔·阿姆斯特朗是第一个登上月球的人。
Miss
Brown
was
the
next
person
to
rise
to
speak.
布朗小姐是下一个起来发言的人。
【知识延伸】
1.
被修饰的名词前有the
only,
the
next,
the
best,
the
first,
the
last以及有序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词时且所填的动词与所修饰的名词之间是主动关系时,
用不定式作后置定语。
He
was
the
first
one
to
think
of
the
idea.
他是第一个想到这一点的人。
2.
只能以不定式作定语的名词:
ability,
anxiety,
attempt,
curiosity,
decision,
desire,
disposition,
failure,
freedom,
inclination,
obligation,
offer,
permission,
plan,
promise,
refusal,
reluctance,
temptation,
tendency,
willingness,
wish,
yearning等表示愿望、企图、打算、能力等意义的词。
Their
decision
to
leave
was
very
annoying.
=Their
decision
that
they
decided
to
leave
was
very
annoying.
他们要走的决定叫人心烦。
3.
被修饰的词语是something,
nothing,
anything等不定代词时,
只能用不定式作后置定语。
There
is
nothing
to
worry
about.
没有什么需要担心的事情。
4.
当定语表示的是将来要做的事情时,
要用不定式作后置定语。
The
letter
to
be
written
is
to
my
father.
这封即将要写的信是写给我的爸爸。
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空
①They
have
now
an
opportunity
_____(go)abroad
to
study
further.
?
②I
have
nothing
_____(say)on
this
question.
?
③He
was
the
first
man
______
(elect)president.
④He
is
the
first
______(win)the
election.
?
(2)
_______________________varies
from
person
to
person.
?
对疼痛的忍受力因人而异。
(3)They
should
be
able
to
find
you
the
best
package
________________.
?
他们应该能提供满足你需要的最佳套餐。
to
go
to
say
elected
to
win
The
ability
to
tolerate
pain
to
suit
your
needs
【要点拾遗】
1.
take
off起飞;
脱下;
事业腾飞;
休假;
突然大受欢迎
When
the
Challenger
space
shuttle
took
off
on
28
January
1986,
the
world
seemed
to
have
lost
its
wonder
at
the
amazing
achievements
of
the
astronauts
involved.
当“挑战者”号航天飞机于1986年1月28日升空时,
世界似乎已经对参与其中的宇航员的惊人成就失去了惊奇。
Many
businesses
started
up
by
college
students
have
taken
off.
许多由大学生创办的企业已经腾飞。
Mitchel’s
schedule
had
not
permitted
her
to
take
time
off,
but
she
still
threw
herself
into
her
career.
米切尔的日程安排使她无法休假,
但她仍积极投入到自己的事业中去。
He
wouldn’t
take
his
hat
off
until
the
plane
took
off.
直到飞机起飞他才摘下帽子。
【语块积累】
take
on　　　
承担;
呈现
take
in
吸收;
理解;
欺骗
take
up
从事(职业);
占据(时间;
空间);
接受(挑战;
建议)
take
over
接管;
继承
【即学活用】
语法填空
(1)The
chameleon(变色龙)can
take
___
the
colours
of
its
background.
(2)The
table
takes
___
too
much
room.
(3)It
is
amazing
that
the
teenager
will
take
____
the
company
next
year.
(4)Don’t
be
taken
__
by
his
words—he
is
a
cheat.
(5)If
this
sweater
is
not
comfortable,
I
suggest
you
take
it
___
immediately.
on
up
over
in
off
2.
scream
v.
(因疼痛,
惊恐,
兴奋等)尖声大叫;
n.
尖叫
The
Challenger
had
exploded
in
mid-air
and
we
all
started
screaming.
“挑战者”号在半空中爆炸了,
我们都开始尖叫。
People
ran
for
the
exits,
screaming
out
in
terror.
人们惊恐万状,
尖叫着奔向出口。
He
screamed
at
me
to
stop.
他冲着我喊,
要我停下来。
While
running
for
his
life,
the
suspect
got
hurt
and
let
out
a
scream
of
pain.
在逃命途中,
嫌犯受伤了,
发出痛苦的尖叫。
【语块积累】
scream
out
　　
高声喊;
大声叫
scream
at
对……大喊
【易混辨析】
cry:
一般指因恐惧、痛苦、惊奇等而喊叫。
shout:
指有意识地高声喊叫,
常用于提出警告、发命令或唤起注意等。
exclaim:
多指因高兴、愤怒、痛苦、惊讶等突发感情而高声喊叫。
roar:
指发出大而深沉的声音、吼叫或咆哮。
scream:
指因恐惧、快乐或痛苦而发出的尖叫声。
yell:
多指求援、鼓励时的呼叫。也可指因外界因素刺激而发出尖厉声音。
call:
指大声说话或喊叫,
以引起某人的注意。
【即学活用】
语法填空
(1)He
covered
her
mouth
to
stop
her
from
_________
(scream).
(2)I
was
screaming
__
them
to
get
out
of
my
house.
(3)A
man
sleeps
in
his
tent
until
he
hears
__
scream
of
terror
from
outside.
screaming
at
a
3.
The
world
went
into
shock,
most
people
having
assumed
that
this
space
flight
would
be
no
more
dangerous
than
travelling
in
an
aeroplane.
世界震惊了,
大多数人认为这次太空飞行不会比乘飞机更危险。?
【句式解构】
本句为no
+比较级+than
和……一样不……。
This
book
is
no
more
interesting
than
that
one.
这本书和那本书一样令人不感兴趣。
John
is
no
more
diligent
than
Tom.
约翰和汤姆一样学习不勤奋。
The
graduate
is
no
more
enterprising
than
Tom.
这个毕业生跟汤姆一样没有进取心。
With
his
purse
stolen,
he
is
no
richer
than
a
beggar.
钱包被偷,
他穷如乞丐。
【知识延伸】
“no
+比较级+than”与“not
+比较级+than”
“no
+比较级+than”用于否定两者,
表示“与……一样不”,
其义大致相当于其中形容词或副词的反义词用于as.
.
.
as.
.
.
结构。如:
This
one
is
no
better
than
that
one.
=This
one
is
as
bad
as
that
one.
这个与那个一样不好。
“not
+比较级+than”的意思是“不比……更”“不如”。如:
He
is
not
richer
than
you.
他不如你富有。
This
one
is
not
better
than
that
one.
这个不如那个好。
【即学活用】
一句多译
他认为这个问题和那个一样不难。
(1)
________________________________________________?
(2)
____________________________________________?
He
think
this
question
is
no
more
difficult
than
that
one.
He
think
this
question
is
not
as
difficult
as
that
one.
4.
It
has
now
been
over
30
years
since
the
loss
of
Challenger.
“挑战者”号失事已经30多年了。
【句式解构】
本句为It
is/has
been+时间段+since.
.
.
自从……已经多久了。
It’s
a
thousand
years
since
many
ancient
sculptures
fell
into
ruin.
很多古代的雕塑已经毁了有一千年了。
It
has
been
almost
five
years
since
I
taught
high
school
students.
我不教高中已经有五年了。
It
has
been
over
30
years
since
the
exploration
of
the
space
shuttle.
自从这个航天飞机爆炸已经30多年了。
【知识延伸】
It
is/
has
been+时间段+since.
.
.
自从……已经多久了
It
was
(not
)+时间段+before+一般过去时　过了一段时间就……
It
will
(not
)be+时间段+before
+一般现在时　要过一段时间才会……
It
was+点时间+when.
.
.
It
was+时间状语+that.
.
.
(强调句型)
It
is
3
years
since
he
worked
here.
=he
left
here.
(since从句中的谓语动词若是延续性动词,
要从这个动作结束的时候算起)
It
was
not
long
before
he
sensed
the
danger
of
the
position.
不久他就意识到他处境危险(动作已发生)
It
will
be
half
a
year
before
you
graduate
from
the
school.
　还有半年你才从这个学校毕业(动作未发生)
It
was
3
o’clock
when
they
received
the
telephone.
他们接到电话时是3点钟。
It
was
at
3
o’clock
that
they
received
the
telephone.
他们是在3点钟接到电话的。
【即学活用】
语法填空
(1)It
is
three
years
_____
I
joined
the
Party.
(2)It
will
be
years
______
we
meet
again.
(3)It
was
five
o’clock
_____
he
got
home.
(4)It
was
at
midnight
____
he
arrived
home
yesterday.
since
before
when
that
【一语闻天下】
1.
Another
includes
experimental
aircraft,
such
as
the
X-37,
a
cut-down,
unmanned
descendant
of
the
space
shuttle.
另一项计划则包括研制诸如X-37这样的实验飞机,
它是美国航天飞机的简化及无人驾驶版本。
2.
But
it
does
make
Genghis
Khan
unexceptional
for
his
time
rather
than
some
bloodthirsty
savage.
但却能证明成吉思汗是当代的普通者,
而不是一个只会杀戮的野人。
3.
But,
in
the
shadow
of
George
Floyd’s
death
at
the
hands
of
Minneapolis
Police
Officers,
a
question
persists—how
are
the
shows
we
are
writing
contributing
to
perceptions
of
the
justice
system,
class,
race
and
the
image
of
black
men?
但是乔治·弗洛伊德死在一名明尼阿波利斯警察手中给社会造成了阴影,
因而出现了一个问题:
我们创作的影视作品能怎样影响人们对司法系统、阶级、种族和黑人形象的看法?
4.
Then
she’d
set
up
her
equipment.
Play
the
fearsome
scream
of
a
red-tailed
hawk.
然后,
她架起自已的设备,
播放红尾鹰可怕的尖叫声。
5.
The
citizens
will
be
carried
by
SpaceX’s
Crew
Dragon
spacecraft,
which
was
developed
to
transport
NASA
astronauts.
游客会由SpaceX的载人“龙号”飞船承载。该飞船的研发是为了运送美国宇航局(NASA)的宇航员。
课时检测·素养达标
Ⅰ.
单句语法填空
However,
instead
of
devoting
themselves
to
their
work,
they
find
themselves
working
to
support
the
lifestyle
which
they
have
so
quickly
become
accustomed
__.
2.
It
wasn’t
until
her
friend
was
badly
hurt
that
Kerry
became
aware
__
her
habit
of
finding
fault.
3.
Typically,
more
than
three-quarters
of
Chinese
households
with
televisions
tune
__
to
the
talk
show.
to
of
in
4.
No
man
has
ever
set
foot
___
that
rocky
island,
it’s
impossible
to
land
there.
5.
What
had
happened
cast
a
shadow
___
his
childhood.
6.
It
has
been
ten
years
_____
I
became
a
teacher.
7.
The
first
student
______(take)part
in
the
activity
will
be
awarded
a
prize.
?
8.
He
was
about
_______(make)a
getaway
when
the
policeman
arrested
him.
?
9.
When
the
group
got
to
the
airport,
the
plane
had
taken
___.
10.
After
graduation,
the
graduate
gained
the
ability
______________
(communicate)with
customers
sincerely.
?
on
on
since
to
take
to
make
off
to
communicate
Ⅱ.
句型转换
1.
Because
his
wallet
had
been
stolen,
he
didn’t
know
what
to
do
next.
=_________________________,
he
didn’t
know
what
to
do
next.
(独立主格)?
2.
It
seems
that
they
have
lost
their
desire
for
life.
=They
_______________their
desire
for
life.
(seem
to
have
done)?
3.
He
was
the
first
man
who
set
foot
on
the
moon.
=He
was
_______________________the
moon.
(the+序数词+to
do不定式作定语)?
His
wallet
having
been
stolen
seem
to
have
lost
the
first
man
to
set
foot
on
4.
The
film
is
not
as
wonderful
as
The
Wandering
Earth.
=The
film
is
_____________________The
Wandering
Earth.
(no+比较级+than)?
5.
Because
he
was
devoted
to
reading
novels,
he
didn’t
notice
me
come
in.
=_______________________,
he
didn’t
notice
me
come
in.
(形容词短语作状语)?
no
more
wonderful
than
Devoted
to
reading
novels
Ⅲ.
完成句子
1.
I
seem
_______________________something
I
don’t
understand.
?
我似乎卷入了一件我并不知情的事情当中。
2.
___________________________the
computer
came
into
being.
?
自从计算机问世以来已经有几十年的时间了。
3.
The
first
applicant
_______was
___________________________________.
?
第一个来的应聘者和最后一个来的应聘者一样不积极。
to
have
involved
myself
in
It
has
been
a
few
decades
since
to
come
no
more
active
than
the
last
one
to
come
4.
The
plane
______________,
his
parents
left
the
airport.
?
飞机起飞后,
他的父母就离开了机场。
5.
On
_____________the
new
country,
he
was
aware
that
it
would
be
hard
______________________living
here.
?
一踏上这个新的国家后,
他就意识到习惯这里的生活是困难的。
having
taken
off
setting
foot
on
to
become
accustomed
to
Ⅳ.
结合课文主题使用本单元词汇与句型,
根据提示写一篇50词左右的短文
1.
1969年7月20日,
尼尔·阿姆斯特朗第一次踏上月球,
人们胆战心惊地观看着。
(set
foot
on/独立主格)
2.
但“挑战者”号航天飞机起飞时,
人们似乎对这惊人的成就失去了好奇。(take
off/独立主格)
3.
然而,
伴随着“发现”号的发射,
载人飞行再次继续。(非谓语动词短语作状语)
4.
“挑战者”号的灾难激励着我们,
提醒着我们继续进行太空探索。(非谓语动词短语作状语)
　　Neil
Armstrong
first
set
foot
on
the
Moon
back
on
20
July
1969,
people
watching
it
with
their
hearts
in
their
mouths.
But
the
Challenger
space
shuttle
taking
off,
people
seemed
to
have
lost
their
wonder
at
the
amazing
achievements.
However,
following
the
launch
of
Discovery,
manned
flights
continued
again.
The
Challenger
disaster
inspires
us,
reminding
us
to
continue
the
space
exploration.
?
课时素养评价
十六　Unit
6　Starting
out
&
Understanding
ideas
【语用训练】
Ⅰ.
单句语法填空
1.
They
have
no
way
to
dispose
of
the
_________(hazard)waste
they
produce.
2.
He
went
to
an
____________(exceptional)
state
school,
not
a
fancy
private
one.
3.
Self-driving
_______
(shuttle)and
solar
cars
were
also
on
display
at
the
2014
show.
4.
Neighbours
have
invited
us
out,
given
us
clothes,
and
taken
us
on
__________
(excursion).
hazardous
unexceptional
shuttles
excursions
5.
The
beauty
of
the
Internet,
experts
say,
is
that
it
has
_________(rekindle)
the
joy
of
writing.
6.
“How
much
longer
must
I
go
on
like
this?
”
she
asked
herself
_________(tragic).
7.
One
of
the
back
wheels
shattered
his
skull
and
killed
him
______________
(instantaneous).
8.
He
walked
along
in
the
________
(shadow),
hoping
no
one
would
recognize
him.
9.
I
think
he
fell
down
the
stairs,
and
he
_________
(scream)for
two
or
three
minutes.
10.
Julie
was
_________
(suspend)from
her
job
shortly
after
the
incident.
rekindled
tragically
instantaneously
shadows
screamed
suspended
Ⅱ.
选词填空
set
foot
on;
become
accustomed
to;
be
aware
of;
take
off;
tune
in;
be
about
to;
a
sense
of;
on
board;
cast
a
shadow
on;
take
one’s
place
1.
Just
after
he
finished
repairing,
he
____________his
mistake
right
away.
?
2.
This
is
the
first
time
I
have
left
my
country
and
_________foreign
soil.
?
3.
The
six
astronauts
________will
spend
ten
days
in
space.
?
4.
We
have
____________________his
way
of
speaking.
?
5.
He
_______at
once
and
headed
back
to
the
motel.
?
was
aware
of
set
foot
on
on
board
become
accustomed
to
took
off
6.
More
than
six
million
youngsters
______to
Blockbusters
every
day.
?
7.
It
makes
me
extremely
angry
that
he
has
not
turned
up
when
the
train
_________leave.
?
8.
Mr
Chen
is
ill
today.
I’ll
____________to
give
you
a
lesson.
?
9.
The
tree
_______________the
grass.
?
10.
Bringing
up
a
child
alone
should
give
you
_________achievement.
?
tune
in
is
about
to
take
his
place
cast
a
shadow
on
a
sense
of
Ⅲ.
翻译句子
1.
他回到家里,
又饿又累。(形容词作状语)
_______________________________.
?
2.
我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部。(介词+宾语从句)
______________________________________________________.
?
3.
听到这个消息,
他们都高兴得跳了起来。(现在分词作状语)
_____________________________________.
?
He
arrived
home,
hungry
and
tired
We
are
talking
about
whether
we
admit
students
into
our
club
Hearing
the
news,
they
all
jumped
with
joy
4.
当我出门时,
开始下雨了。
______________________________.
?
5.
下一列到站的火车是从纽约开来的。
______________________________________.
?
As
I
was
going
out,
it
began
to
rain
The
next
train
to
arrive
was
from
New
York
【主题阅读】
Ⅰ.
阅读理解
A
　　What’s
a
spacewalk?
Any
time
an
astronaut
gets
out
of
a
spacecraft
while
in
space,
it
is
called
a
spacewalk.
Astronauts
go
on
spacewalks
for
many
reasons.
For
example,
experiments
can
be
placed
on
the
outside
of
a
spacecraft.
This
lets
scientists
learn
how
being
in
space
affects
different
things.
By
going
on
spacewalks,
astronauts
can
also
fix
certain
things
instead
of
bringing
them
back
to
the
earth
to
fix.
When
astronauts
go
on
spacewalks,
they
wear
spacesuits
to
keep
themselves
safe.
Inside
spacesuits,
astronauts
have
the
oxygen
they
need
to
breathe
and
the
water
they
need
to
drink.
To
keep
the
astronauts
and
the
spacecraft
safe,
the
astronauts
must
leave
and
go
back
to
the
spacecraft
through
a
special
door.
When
on
a
spacewalk,
astronauts
use
safety
tethers
to
stay
close
to
their
spacecraft,
which
connect
the
spacewalkers
with
the
spacecraft.
They
keep
astronauts
from
floating
away
into
space.
Another
way
astronauts
stay
safe
during
spacewalks
is
by
wearing
a
SAFER.
SAFER
is
worn
like
a
backpack.
It
helps
an
astronaut
move
around
in
space.
How
do
astronauts
train
for
spacewalks?
One
way
is
by
going
for
a
swim.
Floating
in
space
is
a
lot
like
floating
in
water.
Astronauts
practice
spacewalks
underwater
in
a
huge
special
swimming
pool.
For
every
one
hour
they
will
spend
on
a
spacewalk,
astronauts
need
to
train
seven
hours
in
the
pool.
Another
way
astronauts
practice
for
a
spacewalk
is
by
using
virtual
reality(虚拟现实).
It
looks
and
feels
just
like
a
spacewalk.
Today,
only
three
countries
have
finished
spacewalks
independently.
They
are
Russia,
the
United
States
and
China.
The
first
person
to
go
on
a
spacewalk
in
the
world
was
Alexei
Leonov
from
Russia.
Zhai
Zhigang
is
the
first
Chinese
astronaut
to
go
on
a
spacewalk.
The
world
record
of
spacewalks
is
held
by
Russian
astronaut
Anatoly
Solovyev.
He
has
been
on
16
spacewalks
and
spent
more
than
82
hours
outside
in
space.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了太空行走。解释了进行太空行走的原因,
太空行走的流程和宇航员如何进行太空行走训练的。最后提到了只有三个国家独立完成了太空行走,
列举了这三个国家在太空行走方面取得的成就。
1.
What
can
an
astronaut
do
by
going
on
a
spacewalk?
A.
Fix
different
objects.
B.
Collect
any
thing
he
wants.
C.
Carry
out
an
experiment.
D.
Study
how
things
change
in
space.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段可知宇航员进行太空行走的原因有很多。例如,
实验可以放在航天器的外部。这让科学家了解在太空环境中是如何影响不同事物的。由此可知,
宇航员进行太空行走能进行实验。故选C。
2.
What
does
the
underlined
word
“tethers”
in
Paragraph
2
probably
mean?
A.
Special
ropes.
　　　　B.
Spacesuits.
C.
Spacecraft.
D.
Special
backpacks.
【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据后文which
connect
the
spacewalkers
with
the
spacecraft可知tethers是连接太空行走者和宇宙飞船的,
可推测tethers是指一种特殊的绳子。由此可知,
画线单词意思为“特殊的绳子”。故选A。
3.
What
can
we
learn
from
the
last
two
paragraphs?
A.
Walking
in
space
is
as
easy
as
going
swimming.
B.
A
virtual
reality
should
be
used
in
a
spacewalk.
C.
Only
three
countries
have
ever
tried
spacewalk.
D.
Russia
keeps
the
world
record
of
spacewalks.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据最后一段可知太空行走的世界纪录由俄罗斯宇航员Anatoly
Solovyev保持。他已经进行了16次太空行走,
在太空中度过了82个多小时。由此可知,
俄罗斯保持着太空行走的世界纪录。故选D。
4.
Where
is
this
passage
most
likely
from?
A.
A
diary.
B.
A
magazine.
C.
A
novel.
D.
A
guidebook.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。文章主要介绍了太空行走。解释了进行太空行走的原因,
太空行走的流程和宇航员如何进行太空行走训练的。最后提到了只有三个国家独立完成了太空行走,
列举了这三个国家在太空行走方面取得的成就。可知文章属于科学知识类,
结合选项可知最有可能来自一本杂志。故选B。
B
　　Photographic
self-portraits
have
existed
for
as
long
as
cameras
have
been
in
human
hands.
But
what
about
selfies
in
space?
On
Twitter
last
year,
NASA
astronaut
Edwin
Aldrin,
who
famously
became
the
second
man
to
walk
on
the
moon
in
July
1969,
laid
claim
to
a
spaceflight
first:
taking
the
first
selfie
in
space
during
the
Gemini
XII
mission
in
1966.
“For
me,
it
needs
to
be
digital
to
be
selfie,
”
argues
Jennifer
Levasseur,
a
director
at
the
Smithsonian
National
Air
and
Space
Museum.
According
to
Levasseur,
the
concept
of
a
selfie
is
directly
linked
to
internet
culture.
“The
thing
that
makes
a
selfie
is
sharing
it,
”
she
says.
Still,
astronauts
have
been
carrying
cameras
aboard
space
vehicles
since
the
1960s.
In
1966,
Aldrin
used
a
Hasselblad
camera
designed
specifically
for
space.
Hasselblad
also
painted
the
first
camera
in
space
a
matte(不光亮的)black
to
reduce
reflections
in
the
orbiter
window.
But
cameras
used
in
space
need
to
survive
extreme
conditions,
like
temperature
swings
from
-149°F
to
248°F,
so
Hasselblad
painted
later
model
silver.
Astronauts
visiting
the
moon
then
had
to
take
out
the
film
and
leave
their
camera
bodies
behind
when
they
returned
to
Earth,
because
early
space
missions
were
limited
by
a
weight
limit
on
the
returned
trip.
Then
a
big
change
in
space
camera
technology
came
after
the
space
shuttle
Columbia
broke
apart
on
its
return
to
Earth
in
2003,
Levasseur
notes.
“Fear
that
they’d
never
be
able
to
bring
film
back
from
space
and
lose
all
that
hard
work
accelerated
the
push
for
digital,
”
she
says.
Today,
astronauts
also
have
access
to
internet
and
social
platforms
in
space
and
can
post
true
space
selfies
made
using
digital
cameras.
Similarly,
space
robots
are
participating
in
selfie
culture,
capturing
remote
pictures
of
themselves
in
space
or
on
other
planets
and
sending
them
back
to
Earth.
【文章大意】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了太空自拍的历史。
5.
Why
do
selfies
in
space
need
to
be
digital
according
to
Jennifer
Levasseur?
A.
Astronauts
are
fond
of
studying
technology.
B.
Astronauts
are
eager
to
be
famous
on
the
Internet.
C.
Astronauts
desire
to
communicate
on
social
platforms.
D.
Astronauts
want
to
overcome
the
fear
in
space.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第二段“对我来说,
自拍必须是数码的,
”史密森国家航空航天博物馆的主管Jennifer
Levasseur说。Levasseur表示,
自拍的概念与网络文化直接相关。“自拍的关键在于分享,
”她说。可推断出Jennifer
Levasseur认为太空自拍之所以需要数字化是因为宇航员想在人类的社交平台交流与互动。故选C。
6.
Why
can
the
Hasselblad
camera
adjust
to
the
temperature
changes
in
space?
A.
It
is
painted
silver.
B.
Its
matte
black
gathers
light.
C.
Its
design
is
special.
D.
It
can
reduce
reflection
itself.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段中的最后一句可知但在太空中使用的相机需要在极端条件下,
比如温度从-149°F到248°F的波动中还能使用的,
所以Hasselblad在后来的模型上涂上了银色。由此可推断出,
Hasselblad的照相机能适应太空气温的变化是因为它被漆成了银色。故选A。
7.
What
contributed
to
the
faster
development
of
camera
technology
in
space?
A.
The
heavy
space
tasks.
B.
A
returned
space
shuttle.
C.
A
spaceflight
crash.
D.
The
improved
film.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第四段中的第二、三句可知2003年哥伦比亚号航天飞机在返回地球时爆炸解体后,
太空摄影技术发生了重大变化。莱瓦瑟说:
“担心他们永远无法把胶卷从太空带回来,
使所有的辛苦工作没有了,
这加速了数字化的发展。”由此可知,
是一次太空飞行事故促成了太空摄像技术的快速发展。故选C。
8.
What
can
be
a
suitable
title
for
the
text?
A.
The
Origin
of
Selfies
in
Space
B.
The
Brief
History
of
Selfies
in
Space
C.
The
Significance
of
Selfies
in
Space
D.
The
Popularity
of
Selfies
in
Space
【解析】选B。标题归纳题。本文第一段最后一句引出太空自拍的话题后,
下文介绍了自拍的起源,
以及太空自拍的现状。由此可推断出,
本文简单介绍了太空自拍的历史。所以最适合这篇文章的题目是“太空自拍的简史”。故选B。
Ⅱ.
阅读填句
Ways
to
Get
Your
Kids
into
Nature
Being
in
nature
for
kids
has
tremendous
health
benefits.
There
are
many
ways
you
can
incorporate
nature
into
your
children’s
lives,
even
if
you
live
in
the
city.
Inspire
curiosity
by
being
curious
yourself.
A
parent’s
excitement
can
be
spread
to
the
children,
and
when
you
show
respect
for
nature,
your
children
follow
suit.
　1　.
“I
don’t
know!
Let’s
find
out
together.
”
is
a
wonderful
way
to
get
the
ball
rolling.
Be
open
to
a
mutual
adventure
and
allow
your
curious
inner
child
to
come
out
while
you
explore
nature
with
your
children.
?
　2　.
If
you
have
to
carpool(拼车)in
the
morning,
turn
off
the
devices
instead
and
encourage
your
children
to
look
out
of
the
window.
The
early
morning
fall
skies
are
beautiful
with
color
and
migrating
birds.
After
all,
even
views
of
nature
from
the
car
window
are
calming
and
beneficial.
?
Stop
thinking
about
nature
time
as
leisure
time.
Time
in
nature
is
an
essential
investment
in
your
children’s
health
and
well-being.
If
you
view
nature
time
as
essential
to
good
health,
you
will
be
more
likely
to
engage
in
it.
　3　,
nurturing
creativity
and
wonder
are
part
of
your
responsibility
as
parents.
?
Look
at
the
stars.
Visit
your
local
observatory,
and
then
drive
out
of
the
city
some
morning
or
evening
for
your
own
stargazing(天体观察)with
a
blanket
and
telescope.
Observing
the
stars
offers
a
deeper
and
wider
understanding
of
the
universe.
　4　.
?
Plant
a
small
garden.
　5　.
Bean
and
pea
plants
grow
quickly
and
can
be
eaten
when
mature,
so
teach
your
children
about
food
and
the
wonder
of
growth.
?
A.
Limit
electronic
devices
while
driving
B.
Encourage
questions
you
don’t
know
the
answers
to
C.
If
you
want
to
raise
your
healthy,
well-balanced
children
D.
If
you
have
the
space,
help
your
children
plant
a
few
vegetables
E.
It
will
teach
teamwork,
pride
in
the
community,
and
family
togetherness
F.
If
your
child
is
interested,
encourage
him
to
get
involved
in
the
community
G.
Allow
yourself
to
think
about
it,
and
talk
to
your
children
about
that
wonder
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了让孩子融入自然的一些方法。
1.
【解析】选B。由后一句可知,
“我不知道!
让我们一起找到答案”这是一个非常棒的可以让活动继续下去的方式。此处表示鼓励孩子一起探索你自己也不知道答案的问题,
从而引起好奇心。选项B中的“不知道答案的问题”和后一句中的“我不知道!
让我们一起找到答案”相呼应,
符合语境。故选B。
2.
【解析】选A。由后一句可知,
如果你必须在早上拼车,
那么关掉电子设备,
然后鼓励你的孩子们往窗外看看。选项A表达的是“开车的时候限制电子设备”,
和后一句中的“关掉电子设备”相呼应。故选A。
3.
【解析】选C。由空格前两句可知,
与自然接触是对你孩子健康和幸福的必要投资。选项C表达的是“如果你想要培养出健康而且明智的孩子”,
是对空格前两句中的“对孩子健康和幸福的必要投资”的承接。故选C。
4.
【解析】选G。由空格前一句可知,
观察星空能够加深对宇宙的理解。选项G表达的是“允许你自己去思考它,
并且和你的孩子们谈论那种神奇”,
选项G种的“那种神奇”指代的是前一句表达的“对宇宙的理解”,
前后呼应。故选G。
5.
【解析】选D。由空前后可知,
开辟一个小菜园。豆角和豌豆可以快速生长,
当成熟的时候就可以食用,
这样可以教会你的孩子们关于食物和生长的奇迹。选项D表达的是“如果你有空间,
帮助你的孩子们种一些蔬菜”,
是对前后的承接与呼应。故选D。
完形填空
　　Space
exploration
has
always
been
the
province
of
　1　:
The
human
imagination
readily
soars
where
human
ingenuity
(聪明才智)struggles
to
follow.
A
Voyage
to
the
Moon,
often
cited
as
the
first
science
fiction
story,
was
written
by
Cyrano
de
Bergerac
in
1649.
Cyrano
was
dead
and
buried
for
a
good
three
centuries
　2　the
first
manned
rockets
started
to
fly.
?
In
1961,
when
President
Kennedy
declared
that
America
would
send
a
man
to
the
moon
by
the　3　’s
end,
those
words,
too,
had
a
dreamlike
quality.
They
resonated
with
optimism
and
ambition
in
much
the
same
way
as
the
most
famous
　4　
speech
of
all,
delivered
by
Martin
Luther
King
Jr.
two
years
later.
By
the
end
of
the
decade,
both
visions
had
yielded
concrete
results
and　5　American
society.
And
yet
in
many
ways
the
two
dreams
ended
up
　6　each
other.
The
fight
for
racial
and
economic
equality
is
intensely
pragmatic
(讲求实用的)and
immediate
in
its
impact.
The
urge
to
explore
space
is
just
the
opposite.
It
is
figuratively
and
literally
otherworldly
in
its
　7　.
?
When
the
dust
settled,
the
space
dreamers
lost
out.
There
was
no
grand
follow-up
to
the
Apollo
missions.
The
technologically
compromised
space
shuttle
program
has
just
come
to
an
end,
with
no　8　.
The
perpetual
argument
is
that
　9　
are
tight,
that
we
have
more
pressing
problems
here
on
Earth.
Amid
the
current
concerns
about
the
federal
deficit,
reaching
toward
the
stars
seems
a
dispensable
luxury—　10　
saving
one-thousandth
of
a
single
year’s
budget
would
solve
our
problems.
?
But
human
ingenuity
struggles
on.
NASA
is
developing
a
series
of
robotic
probes
that
will
get
the
most
bang
from
a
buck.
They
will
serve
as
modern
Magellans,
　11　out
the
solar
system
for
whatever
explorers
follow,
whether
man
or
machine.
On
the
flip
side,
companies
like
Virgin
Galactic
are
plotting
a
bottom-up
assault
on
the
space
dream
by
making
it
a
reality
to
the
public.
Private
spaceflight
could
lie
within
　12　
of
rich
civilians
in
a
few
years.
Another
decade
or
two
and
it
could
go
mainstream.
?
The
space
dreamers
end
up
benefiting
all
of
us—not
just
because
of
the
way
they
expand
human
knowledge,
or
because
of
the
spin-off
　13　
they
produce,
but
because
the
two
types
of
dreams
feed
off
each
other.
Both
Martin
Luther
King
and
John
Kennedy
appealed
to
the
idea
that
humans
can
　14　what
were
once
considered
inherent
limitations.
Today
we
face
seeming
challenges
in
energy,
the
environment,
health
care.
Tomorrow
we
will
transcend
these
as
well,
and
the
dreamers
will
deserve
a
lot
of
the
credit.
The
more
evidence
we
collect
that
our
species
is
　15　greatness,
the
more
we
will
actually
achieve
it.
?
【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。作者认为太空探索一直是梦想家的领域,
它激发了人类的想象力和创造力。而人类的聪明才智也紧追不舍,
最终将人类送上了太空。
1.
A.
dreamers　　　　　　B.
explorers
C.
astronomers
D.
novelists
【解析】选A。句意:
太空探索一直是梦想家的领域:
人类的想象力随时可以在人类的聪明才智努力追随的地方翱翔。
dreamers梦想家;
explorers探险家;
astronomers天文学家;
novelists小说家。该空格对应着后句中的the
human
imagination,
因此推断应该是梦想家。故选A。
2.
A.
after　
　B.
before　
　C.
until　
　D.
while
【解析】选B。句意:
直到他死后三百年第一个人造火箭才开始飞行。
after在……之后;
before在……之前;
until直到……才……;
while当……时候。根据句意和常识可知,
是在他死后才有的人造飞船。故选B。
3.
A.
year
B.
quarter
C.
century
D.
decade
【解析】选D。句意:
1961年,
当肯尼迪总统宣布美国将在十年内将人送上月球时,
那些话也有一种梦幻般的意味。
year年;
quarter一刻钟;
century世纪;
decade十年。该空对应着后文中的by
the
end
of
the
decade,
因此选用decade。故选D。
4.
A.
inspiring
B.
public
C.
dream
D.
freedom
【解析】选C。句意:
这些演讲中洋溢着乐观和雄心壮志,
就像马丁·路德·金发表的最著名的梦想演讲一样。
inspiring鼓舞人心的;
public公众的;
dream梦想;
freedom自由。全文集中讲述梦想,
所以是梦想演讲。故选C。
5.
A.
attacked
B.
industrialized
C.
transformed
D.
accessed
【解析】选C。句意:
在这十年结束前,
这两种愿景都取得了具体成果,
改变了美国社会。
attacked攻击;
industrialized使工业化;
transformed转变;
accessed接近。故选C。
6.
A.
in
conflict
with
B.
in
line
with
C.
in
common
with
D.
keeping
pace
with
【解析】选A。句意:
然而,
这两个梦想在很多方面都以相互冲突而告终。
in
conflict
with和……冲突;
in
line
with符合,
与……一致;
in
common
with与……一样;
keeping
pace
with
跟上。句子中yet
形成转折,
因此选择两种梦想互相冲突。故选A。
7.
A.
aims
B.
influences
C.
concerns
D.
terms
【解析】选A。句意:
探索太空的欲望正好相反。在它的目的上,
无论是比喻上还是字面上,
它都是超凡脱俗的。
aims目标;
influences影响;
concerns关心;
terms条款。根据上文The
fight
for
racial
and
economic
equality
is
intensely
pragmatic
and
immediate
in
its
impact.
The
urge
to
explore
space
is
just
the
opposite.
可知,
此处是指目标上。故选A。
8.
A.
ancestor
B.
successor
C.
forefather
D.
advocate
【解析】选B。句意:
技术上受到威胁的航天飞机计划刚刚结束,
没有继任者。
ancestor祖先;
successor继承人;
forefather先辈;
advocate拥护者。与上文中的has
just
come
to
an
end顺承,
即航天飞机计划搁浅并且没有继承人。故选B。
9.
A.
situations
B.
securities
C.
funds
D.
schedules
【解析】选C。句意:
长期的争论是资金紧张,
我们在地球上有更紧迫的问题。situations状况;
securities证券;
funds资金,
基金;
schedules日程安排。与后句中的federal
deficit(联邦财政赤字)对应,
应该是财政吃紧。故选C。
10.
A.
just
like
B.
on
condition
that
C.
as
if
D.
so
that
【解析】选C。句意:
到达太空是非必需的奢侈品,
好像我们需要节省一整年的千分之一的预算才能解决我们的问题。
just
like正如;
on
condition
that如果;
as
if好像;
so
that
以便。根据句意,
尤其是空前的破折号可知,
此处是一种比方。故选C。
11.
A.
making
B.
figuring
C.
sweeping
D.
mapping
【解析】选D
。句意:
他们将扮演现代麦哲伦的角色,
为探险者绘制出太阳系的蓝图,
无论探险者是人还是机器。making制作;
figuring计算;
sweeping打扫;
mapping绘图。根据句意中提到的Magellans可知,
此处是指为探险者绘制蓝图。故选D。
12.
A.
reach
B.
management
C.
control
D.
knowledge
【解析】选A。句意:
几年后,
富裕的平民百姓可以进行私人太空飞行。reach范围;
management管理;
control控制;
knowledge知识。within
reach
of
够得到,
结合句意。故选A。
13.
A.
productions
B.
chips
C.
technologies
D.
substitutes
【解析】选C。句意:
太空梦想家最终使我们所有人受益——不仅仅是因为他们扩展人类知识的方式,
或者因为他们生产的副产品技术,
而是因为这两种梦想相互促进。
productions产品;
chips炸薯条;
technologies技术;
substitutes替代品。结合句意和语境及句中的or可知,
此处是指技术。故选C。
14.
A.
go
beyond
B.
go
through
C.
go
after
D.
go
over
【解析】选A。句意:
马丁·路德·金和约翰·肯尼迪都呼吁人们能够超越曾经被认为是固有的局限性。
go
beyond超出;
go
through经历;
go
after追求;
go
over复习。根据下文Tomorrow
we
will
transcend
these
as
well,
and
the
dreamers
will
deserve
a
lot
of
the
credit.
明天我们也将超越这些,
而梦想家们将得到很大的赞扬。可知,
此处是指超出固有的局限性。故选A。
15.
A.
in
ignorance
of
B.
capable
of
C.
proud
of
D.
in
favor
of
【解析】选B。句意:
我们收集到的证据越多,
表明我们这个物种有能力成就伟大的事业,
我们就会取得越多的成就。in
ignorance
of不知道;
capable
of能够;
proud
of为……自豪;
in
favor
of支持。根据上文Tomorrow
we
will
transcend
these
as
well,
and
the
dreamers
will
deserve
a
lot
of
the
credit.
可知,
这些都是我们的能力。故选B。(共128张PPT)
Unit
6　Space
and
beyond
Developing
ideas
词汇积淀·素养初探
Ⅰ.
根据本单元所学单词填空
1.
______(提交)
an
application
2.
this
________(很好的)
new
____(光盘)
3.
the
space
________(望远镜)
4.
_____(斜置)
his
chair
5.
stars
________(看不见的)
to
the
naked
eye
submit
awesome
disc
telescope
angle
invisible
6.
the
most
______________(简单的)
task
7.
the
values
of
____________(自律)
and
responsibility
8.
_____(去拿)
your
coat
9.
strain
a
______(肌肉)
10.
season
with
salt
and
_______(胡椒粉)
11.
When
we
______(打喷嚏),
our
eyes
close.
straightforward
self-discipline
fetch
muscle
pepper
sneeze
Ⅱ.
选词填空
in
reality,
enable
sb.
to
do,
allow
sb.
to
do,
work
out,
be
engaged
in,
be
composed
of,
be
invisible
to,
at
the
edge
of,
look
back
to,
be
close
to
1.
He
was
considered
honest,
but
________he
was
not.
?
2.
She
and
her
youngest
son
______________be
reunited
with
their
family
finally.
?
3.
We
_____________a
great
and
most
glorious
cause
now,
never
undertaken
by
our
forefathers.
?
4.
Many
stars
_____________people
on
Earth
because
of
haze
of
light.
?s
in
reality
were
allowed
to
are
engaged
in
are
invisible
to
5.
We
have
had
meaningful
negotiations
and
I
believe
we
__________a
deal.
?
6.
Our
school
has
set
up
a
leading
group
that
_____________old,
middle-aged
and
young
cadres.
?
7.
It
took
me
some
time
to
________what
was
causing
this.
?
8.
The
software
_____________access
the
Internet
in
seconds.
?
9.
We
stood
____________the
cliff
and
looked
down
at
the
valley
below.
?
10.
I
like
to
___________my
high-school
days,
which
were
the
happiest
in
my
life.
?
are
close
to
is
composed
of
work
out
enables
you
to
at
the
edge
of
look
back
to
阅读精研·素养构建
Ⅰ.
文本整体理解:
理清文章架构
Ⅱ.
文本细节理解:
探寻语篇细节信息
1.
How
did
people
create
a
world
in
the
sky?
A.
By
their
naked
eyes
B.
By
telescope
C.
By
their
imagination
D.
By
passing
from
mouth
to
mouth
2.
How
does
the
author
organize
the
passage
?
A.
By
the
order
of
time　　　　
B.
By
the
order
of
space
C.
By
giving
examples
D.
By
listing
numbers
3.
Why
is
the
“Eyes
of
Heaven”
referred
to
in
the
para.
4?
A.
To
compare
the
technology
between
our
country
and
other
countries.
B.
To
show
the
effect
it
has
on
space
exploration.
C.
To
prove
its
advantages
over
other
telescopes.
D.
To
show
the
effort
our
country
made
to
see
even
further
into
space.
4.
What
can’t
we
infer
from
the
passage?
A.
The
first
telescope
made
much
difference
to
watching
the
night
sky.
B.
The
Hubble
Space
Telescope
came
into
being
400
years
ago.
C.
”Eyes
of
Heaven”
has
the
ability
to
make
discoveries
beyond
our
imaginations.
D.
There
are
still
much
of
the
universe
to
be
explored.
答案:
1～4.
CCDB
Ⅲ.
文本素养提升:
阅读技能综合运用
1.
根据课文语境与语句知识细致解构语句。
(1)The
planets
were
seen
to
be
worlds
________________(形容词短语作状语
),
______________________________________(独立主格
)?
译文:
这些行星被视为与我们的行星相似,
_________________________。
similar
to
our
own
many
of
them
even
having
their
own
moons.
其中许多甚至有自己的卫星
(2)Nothing
in
history
has
allowed
us
to
see
so
much
over
such
great
distances,
from
enormous
clouds
of
gas
_______________________(where引导的定语从句),
to
huge
black
holes,
and
even
to
new
planets
________________________________
(where引导的定语从句).
?
译文:
历史上没有任何东西能让我们在如此遥远的距离上看到如此之多的东西,
从恒星诞生的巨大气体云,
到巨大的黑洞,
_____________________________________。
where
stars
are
being
born
where
we
might
conceivably
find
life
甚至是我们可能在那里找到生命的新行星
(3)In
these
waters,
more
than
200
meters
deep,
_________________________(where引导的定语从句),
are
extraordinary
creatures
________________________________________________________
(that引导的定语从句).
?
译文:
在这些200多米深的水域里,
光线无法到达,
它们是非同寻常的生物,
_____________________________________。
where
light
cannot
reach
that
appear
as
if
they
are
straight
out
of
science
fiction
看起来就像是直接从科幻小说中脱颖而出
(4)Currently,
China
operates
the
world’s
largest
and
most
powerful
radio
telescope,
___________________(同位语),
___________________(非
谓语动词短语作定语)?
译文:
目前,
_________________________________________——FAST望远镜,
该望远镜于2016年完工。
the
FAST
telescope
completed
in
2016.
中国运营着世界上最大、最强大的射电望远镜
2.
阅读主题活动。
(1)Why
do
you
think
people
have
always
been
interested
in
the
stars?
Because
the
sky
can
be
seen
but
untouched,
full
of
stars,
and
there
are
mysterious
stories
involving
stars,
which
attracts
people
to
know
more
about
them.
?
(2)Have
you
ever
used
a
telescope?
Share
your
experience
with
the
class.
I
used
a
telescope
when
I
visited
China
Museum
of
Science
and
Technology.
Fortunately,
I
got
a
chance
to
look
at
the
stars,
using
a
telescope.
Initially,
using
it
incorrectly,
I
didn’t
see
anything.
Finally,
I
made
it.
The
sky
is
breathtakingly
beautiful,
full
of
shining
stars.
They
are
of
different
shapes,
and
even
some
invisible
to
the
naked
eyes
can
be
seen
clearly.
?
3.
根据课文内容完成短文。
　　Thousands
of
years
ago,
people
already
regarded
the
night
sky
(1)__
an
endless
source
of
fascination.
It
was
believed
(2)____
the
huge
eyes
of
the
large-eyed,
bronze
statues
from
the
Chinese
archaeological
site
at
Sanxingdui,
were
able
to
look
across
great
distances
into
the
stars.
Our
power
to
see
the
sky
changed
(3)___________(dramatic)when
the
first
telescope
was
angled
at
the
night
sky.
It
extended
the
power
of
the
human
eye
and
caused
us
as
that
dramatically
(4)
________(realise)
that
the
universe
is
a
far
larger
place
than
we
ever
imagined.
In
1990,
the
Hubble
Space
Telescope
(5)
____________(launch)into
orbit.
For
(6)
___
first
time
people
could
enjoy
the
beautiful
images
of
our
universe.
These
ranged
from
enormous
clouds
of
gas
and
even
to
new
plants.
In
2016,
the
FAST
telescope
was
built
in
China.
It
is
used
in
the
search
for
dark
matter,
(7)______
can’t
be
observed
by
ordinary
telescopes.
Its
vast
dish
has
the
ability
to
make
discoveries
beyond
our
(8)____________(imagination).
Although
the
to
realise
was
launched
the
which
imaginations
(9)_________(advance
)technology
allows
us
to
see
further
and
further
into
space,
the
human
quest
for
knowledge
reaches
even
beyond
that.
So
much
of
the
universe
remains
unexplored
(10)____
we
are
still
close
to
the
start
of
this
incredible
journey
of
discovery.
?
advanced
that
要点精研·素养奠基
1.
enable.
.
.
to
do.
.
.
使……能够……
Our
power
to
investigate
and
thus
understand
space
changed
dramatically
when
the
first
telescope
was
angled
at
the
night
sky,
increasing
as
it
did
the
power
of
human
eye
and
enabling
us
to
understand
that
the
universe
is
far
lager
than
was
previously
imaginable.
当第一台望远镜对准夜空时,
我们研究和理解太空的能力发生了巨大的变化,
它使人类的眼睛的力量增强,
使我们能够理解宇宙比以前想象的要大得多。
The
new
test
is
believed
to
enable
doctors
to
detect
the
disease
early.
人们相信新的检测手段能够使医生们尽早查出这种疾病。
The
support
systems
to
enable
women
to
realize
their
potential
at
work
are
seriously
inadequate.
使妇女在工作中发挥潜力的支持体系严重不足。
【名师点津】
后缀-en或前缀en-加在某些形容词或名词后/前,
均可构成动词。
后缀-en
sharp
→
sharpen(使)变锋利
deep
→
deepen(使)变深
broad
→
broaden(使)变宽
weak
→
weaken(使)变弱
strength→
strengthen
(使)强壮
前缀
en-
rich
→
enrich
使丰富
large
→
enlarge
扩大
able
→
enable
使能够
danger
→
endanger
使处于险境
courage→encourage
(使)有勇气
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空
①And
I
think
that
when
we
do,
this
will
enable
us
_______(move)
peace
closer
and
move
terror
further
away.
?
②This
will
______(able)the
audience
to
sit
in
comfort
while
watching
the
shows.
(2)It
is
these
skills
that
__________________lifelong
friendships.
?
正是这些技能才使我们能够发展终生的友谊。
(3)The
new
equipment
_________________________the
place
freely.
这个新的设
备使残疾人能自由的进入这个地方。?
to
move
enable
enable
us
to
develop
enables
the
disabled
to
enter
2.
be
engaged
in.
.
.
忙于……
To
see
even
further
into
the
universe,
many
countries
are
now
engaged
in
building
ever
more
advanced
telescopes.
为了更深入地观察宇宙,
许多国家都在建造更先进的望远镜。
He
is
engaged
to
an
elegant
lady
who
is
fond
of
purchasing
cosmetics.
他与一位喜欢购买化妆品的优雅女士订婚了。
Despite
her
illness,
she
remains
actively
engaged
in
shaping
policy.
尽管有病在身,
她还是积极参与政策的制定。
Her
father
engaged
a
tutor
to
improve
her
maths.
她的爸爸请了一位家庭教师给她补习数学。
【语块积累】
be
engaged
in.
.
.
　　　　　
忙于……
=be
busy
doing/with
sth.
忙于做某事
=be
occupied
with
sth.
/in
doing
sth.
忙于做某事
be
engaged
to
sb.
　　　　
与某人订婚
engage
in.
.
.
/doing
sth.
参加;
参与
engage
sb.
to
do
sth.
雇用某人做某事
engagement
n.
订婚;
约会;
雇用
【即学活用】
语法填空
(1)They
were
________
(engage)to
be
married,
but
I
hear
they
have
broken
up.
(2)Try
to
find
humour
in
life
and
engage
__
activities
that
make
you
laugh.
(3)They
planned
to
engage
a
baby-sitter
______(take)care
of
their
newly-born
baby.
?
engaged
in
to
take
3.
invisible
adj.
看不见的
Ultraviolet
rays
are
invisible
to
humans
though
ants
and
honeybees
are
sensitive
to
them.
人类是看不见紫外线的,
尽管蚂蚁和蜜蜂对紫外线很敏感。
Using
telescope,
Galileo
discovered
stars
that
were
invisible
to
the
naked
eye.
[词汇复现]?
伽利略利用望远镜发现了肉眼看不见的恒星。
【语块积累】
be
invisible
to.
.
.
　　　　对……看不见
visible(反义词)
adj.
看得见的;
可见的
【名师点津】in-是否定前缀,
意为“不,
非”
active→inactive
不活泼的　　visible→invisible
看不见的
correct→incorrect
不正确的
complete→incomplete
不完整的
accurate→inaccurate
不正确的
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空
①The
lines
were
so
finely
etched
as
to
be
________(visible)from
a
distance.
②The
house
was
surrounded
by
trees,
invisible
__
enemies.
(2)Not
only
is
the
comet
______
by
telescope
but
also
it
______________________.
?
这颗彗星不仅用望远镜能看见而且肉眼也可以看见。
invisible
to
visible
is
visible
to
the
naked
eye
4.
close
to.
.
.
(时间)快……;
(距离)靠近;
(关系)亲近;
(程度)几乎……
So
much
of
the
universe
remains
unexplored
that
we
are
still
close
to
the
start
of
this
incredible
journey
of
discovery.
宇宙中有如此多尚未被探索的地方,
我们只是接近这不可思议的发现之旅的开始。
It’s
close
to
showtime
now,
so
you
should
step
into
the
dressing
room.
表演时间快到了,
你得进化妆室了。
Stand
close
to
me,
so
you
can
have
a
better
look.
站得离我近点,
你可以看得更清楚。
I
became
close
to
my
grandfather
before
his
death.
在我祖父去世前,
我开始与他亲密起来。
The
anxious
consultant
was
close
to
tears
with
frustration,
but
she
held
back.
这个焦虑的顾问沮丧得几乎要哭了,
但她忍住了。
【名师点津】close与closely
close
to
中的close
既可以是副词也可以是形容词。
closely
adv.
紧密地;
(关系)亲密地;
(程度)仔细地
The
students
were
sitting
close
together
and
whispering.
学生们紧挨着坐在一起窃窃私语。
Light
industry
is
closely
related
to
agriculture.
轻工业和农业密切相关。
The
couple
are
chatting
closely.
这对夫妻正在亲密地聊天。
【即学活用】
(1)选词填空
(close/closely)
①The
scientists
got
______
in
touch
with
the
astronauts.
②Come
_____
to
me.
I
want
to
tell
you
something
important.
③The
_____
friends
are
talking
with
each
other
______.
(2)When
I
saw
his
face,
I
came
_______________.
?
当我看到他的脸时,
我差一点就笑出来了。
(3)The
___________have
a
secret
that
must
________________.
?
这对密友之间有个秘密要严加保守。
closely
close
close
closely
close
to
laughing
close
friends
be
closely
guarded
5.
For
example,
the
ancient
Shu
Kingdom,
discovered
at
the
Chinese
archeological
site
at
Sanxingdui,
were
believed
to
have
been
able
to
look
across
great
distances
into
the
stars.
例如,
在三星堆的中国考古遗址发现的古蜀国,
人们认为它能够从很远的地方看到星星。?
【句式解构】
本句sb.
/sth.
be
believed
to
have
done句式,
表示“据认为做了……”。
The
game
is
believed
to
have
cast
a
shadow
on
the
team.
据说这个比赛给这个团队蒙上了阴影。
Bell
is
believed
to
set
out
for
America
to
have
a
holiday.
贝尔被认为要动身去美国度假。
The
consultant
is
believed
to
be
abusing
his
right
in
dealing
with
the
complaint
from
a
customer.
据说这个顾问在处理顾客的投诉问题时滥用了他的权利。
The
scholar
is
believed
(to
be)learned/a
learned
professor.
据说这个学者是博学的/一个博学的教授。
【语块积累】
sb.
/sth.
be
believed/
considered/thought
类似结构的还有:
pretend,
happen,
appear,
seem,
claim及be
said
to
do
sth.
等。
【名师点津】
动词不定式的形式及意义
·一般式
形式　主动:
to
do
被动:
to
be
done
意义　与谓语动词表示的动作同时或先后发生
·进行式
形式　to
be
doing
意义　谓语表示的动作(情况)发生时,
不定式表示的动作正在进行或即将发生
·完成式
形式　主动:
to
have
done
被动:
to
have
been
done
意义:
先于谓语的动作发生或表示想做而未曾实现的愿望或计划等
·完成进行式
形式　to
have
been
doing
意义　不定式表示的动作先于谓语表示的动作发生,
且谓语的动作发生时其仍在进行
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空
①Several
young
men
pretended
_____(be)policemen,
but
were
caught
at
last.
?
②The
engine
just
won’t
start.
Something
seems
___________(go)wrong
with
it.
?
(2)The
suspect
________________________________for
many
times.
据说这个嫌
疑人已经被询问了好多次了。?
(3)Citizens
__________________________the
air
pollution.
?
市民似乎正在抱怨空气污染。
to
be
to
have
gone
was
believed
to
have
been
questioned
seem
to
be
complaining
about
【要点拾遗】
1.
be
composed
of.
.
.
由……组成
The
500-metre
dish
of
the
“Eye
of
Heaven”,
as
it
is
known,
is
being
used
in
the
search
for
dark
matter,
thought
to
be
composed
of
subatomic
particles
invisible
to
ordinary
telescopes.
据了解,
500米长的碟状“天眼”被用于寻找暗物质,
暗物质被认为是由普通望远镜看不见的亚原子粒子组成的。
Assignments
for
this
course
consist
of
two
individual
assignments
and
one
group
assignment.
本课程作业包括两份个人作业以及一份小组作业。
This
collection
is
made
up
of
three
parts:
poems,
essays
and
short
stories,
especially
historical
ones.
这本册子是由诗、散文和短篇小说尤其是历史小说三部分组合而成的。
These
nine
planets,
together
with
the
sun,
make
up
what
is
called
our
solar
system.
这九大行星和太阳一起组成了我们的太阳系。
【语块积累】
·由……组成的多种表达:
整体+consist
of+部分
部分+make
up+整体
整体+be
made
up
of+部分
整体+be
composed
of+部分
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空
The
newly-published
book
consists
__
10
chapters,
each
chapter
having
30,
000
words.
(2)一句多译
我们队由15
名队员组成。
______________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________?
of
Our
team
consists
of
15
members.
?
Our
team
is
made
up
of
15
members.
?
Our
team
is
composed
of
15
members.
2.
Astronauts
also
need
to
keep
themselves
clean.
?
宇航员也需要保持自己的清洁。
【句式解构】
“keep+宾语+宾语补足语”句式,
表示“使……处于某状态”。
The
situation
kept
him
in
a
dilemma.
这种情况使他左右为难。
If
you
change
your
address,
please
keep
me
informed.
如果你换地址了,
请告知我。
He
kept
his
eyes
closed
to
relax
himself.
他在闭目养神。
It
is
a
waste
of
money,
if
you
keep
the
light
on
during
the
day
time.
如果你白天把灯开着,
那是浪费钱。
【语块积累】
宾语补足语的形式:
能跟keep一样可以用现在分词,
过去分词,
形容词,
副词,
介词短语,
名词作宾补的词有:
find+宾语+宾语补足语”结构意为“发现……处于某种状态”;
“leave+宾语+宾语补足语”结构意为“使……保持/处于某种状态”。
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空
①We
went
abroad,
keeping
our
pet
dog
_____(take)care
of.
②He
kept
his
son
_______(run)on
the
track
in
spite
of
the
strong
wind.
③Looking
through
the
window,
she
found
the
boss
______(bury)in
his
routine
work.
④(2019·天津高考)Yet,
now
that
I’m
growing
and
the
world
I
once
knew
as
being
so
simple
is
becoming
more
complex,
I
find
myself
_______
(need)a
way
to
escape.
taken
running
buried
needing
(2)We
should
______________________________.
?
我们应该保持教室整洁干净。
(3)I’m
sorry
to
_____________________________.
?
对不起,
让你久等了。
keep
our
classroom
clean
and
tidy
have
kept
you
waiting
for
so
long
3.
Imagine
what
would
happen
if
they
caught
a
cold
and
started
to
sneeze!
?
想象一下,
如果他们感冒并开始打喷嚏会发生什么事!
【句式解构】本句是if引导的虚拟条件句。
If
I
were
you,
I
would
choose
to
work
in
a
small
town.
如果我是你,
我会选择在小城镇工作。(事实上我不是你)
If
it
had
not
been
for
your
help
yesterday,
I
could
not
have
paid
the
university
fee.
如果昨天没有你的帮助,
我不会支付得起大学学费。(事实是你昨天已经帮助了我,
所以我支付了学费)
If
things
were
to
be
twice,
all
would
be
wise.
假如凡事都可以重新做一次,
人人皆可成为聪明人。(事实是并不是所有的事都可以重新做一次)。
【名师点津】
主从句时态
虚拟条件句
主句
例句
与现在事实相反的假设
If+主语+动词的过去式(be动词用were)
主语+should,
would,
could,
might+动词原形
If
I
were
you,
I
should
seize
the
chance
to
go
abroad.
与过去事实相反的假设
If+主语+had+过去分词
主语+should,
would,
could,
might+have+过去分词
She
would
have
come
to
enjoy
the
party
if
she
hadn’t
been
very
busy.
与将来事实相反的假设
①If+主语+动词过去式
②If+主语+were
to+动词原形　
③If+主语+should+动词原形
主语+should,
would,
could,
might+动词原形
If
you
came/were
to
come/should
come
tomorrow,
we
would
have
the
meeting.
注意:
(1)如果从句中有were,
had,
should,
可以省略if,
用倒装句式“were/had/should+主语”。
If
I
were
at
school
again,
I
would
study
better.
=Were
I
at
school
again,
I
would
study
better.
如果我回到学校,
我会学得更好。
If
you
had
come
earlier,
you
would
have
caught
the
bus.
=Had
you
come
earlier,
you
would
have
caught
the
bus.
如果你早点来,
你就赶上公共汽车了。
If
it
should
rain
tomorrow,
we
would
not
go
climbing.
=Should
it
rain
tomorrow,
we
would
not
go
climbing.
如果明天下雨,
我们就不去爬山了。
(2)若省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定形式时,
不能用动词的缩略形式。
Were
it
not
for
the
expense,
I
would
go
abroad
now.
(√)
Weren’t
it
for
the
expense,
I
would
go
abroad
now.
(×)
如果不是因为费用问题,
我现在就出国了。
【即学活用】
语法填空
(1)If
all
the
creatures
on
earth
___________(disappear)in
the
future,
human
would
die
out
too.
(2)If
there
_____
(be)no
air
or
water,
there
would
be
no
living
things
on
the
earth.
(3)If
he
_________(take)my
advice,
he
would
not
have
made
such
a
mistake.
?
disappeared
were
had
taken
课时检测·素养达标
Ⅰ.
单句语法填空
1.
The
committee
made
up
of
20
members
wants
to
keep
the
law
________(effect).
2.
Every
substance,
no
matter
what
it
is,
is
composed
__
very
small
particles
called
molecules.
.
3.
If
you
came
tomorrow,
we
__________(have)the
meeting.
?
4.
Bell
is
considered
_______________(invent)the
telephone.
?
5.
He’s
close
to
_______
(sign)a
contract
when
he
stopped.
effective
of
would
have
to
have
invented
signing
6.
The
soldiers
were
engaged
__
a
military
operation
close
to
the
Ugandan
border.
7.
If
she
refuses
to
follow
rules
about
car
safety,
she
won’t
be
allowed
_____(use)the
car.
?
8.
They
designed
a
new
programme
to
enable
older
people
_______(study)at
college?
9.
If
you
make
this
mistake
again,
I
will
keep
you
________
(stand)for
a
day.
10.
If
I
_____
(be)you,
I
would
take
an
umbrella.
in
to
use
to
study
standing
were
Ⅱ.
句型转换
1.
It
is
said
that
he
has
been
designated
as
the
incoming
minister.
___________________________________________________(sb.
/sth.
be
said.
.
.
)?
2.
But
for
his
generous
help,
I
couldn’t
have
gone
through
the
hard
time.
______________________________,
I
couldn’t
have
gone
through
the
hard
time.
(if引导的条件虚拟句)?
He
is
said
to
have
been
designated
as
the
incoming
minister.
If
he
hadn’t
helped
me
generously
3.
Because
nobody
had
any
more
to
say,
the
meeting
was
closed.
___________________________,
the
meeting
was
closed.
(独立主格)?
4.
Those
who
were
affected
by
the
earthquake
will
get
financial
aid
from
local
government.
Those
_______________________will
get
financial
aid
from
local
government.
(非
谓语动词作定语)?
5.
As
we
all
know,
he
once
was
put
into
prison.
We
all
know
___________________________________.
(同位语从句)?
Nobody
having
any
more
to
say
affected
by
the
earthquake
the
fact
that
he
once
was
put
into
prison
Ⅲ.
完成句子
1.
The
girl
staring
at
him,
the
boy
_________________didn’t
know
what
to
say.
?
姑娘两眼望着他,
这个从事教学的男孩不知道说什么好。
2.
The
stone
discovered
by
the
farmer
________________________________________.
?
这个农民发现的这块石头被认为可以追溯到唐代。
3.
It’s
only
with
the
heart
that
one
can
see
rightly
and
what
is
essential
____________the
eye.
?
只有用心才能发现真相,
只靠眼睛是看不见的。
engaged
in
teaching
was
believed
to
date
back
to
the
Tang
Dynasty
is
invisible
to
4.
Each
group
should
______________at
least
ten
members.
?
每组至少应由十人组成。
5.
They
found
the
three
__________target
practice,
one
of
whom
__________tears
with
frustration.
?
他们发现那三个人在练习打靶,
其中一个人沮丧得快要哭出来了。
be
composed
of
engaged
in
was
close
to
Ⅳ.
结合课文主题使用本单元词汇与句型,
根据提示写一篇50词左右的短文
1.
使人们一直探索的夜空是无穷的魅力源泉。(keep+宾语+宾语补足语)
2.
随着望远镜的发明,
我们可以看到许多肉眼看不见的美丽事物。(telescope/be
invisible
to/the
naked
eyes/with复合结构)
3.
虽然太空望远镜使我们能看到越来越远的太空,
但宇宙的许多地方仍有待探索。(allow
sb.
to
do/非谓语动词作定语)
The
night
sky
which
keeps
people
exploring
has
been
an
endless
source
of
fascination.
With
telescope
invented,
many
beautiful
things
invisible
to
our
naked
eyes
can
be
seen.
Although
the
space
telescopes
allow
us
to
see
further
and
further
into
space,
there
are
much
of
the
universe
to
be
explored.
?
课时素养评价
十八　Unit
6　Developing
ideas
【语用训练】
Ⅰ.
单句语法填空
1.
Glass
is
used
to
make
spectacles,
microscopes
and
_________(telescope).
2.
The
boy
was
watching
a
mirror
______(angle)
to
reflect
light
from
a
window.
3.
We
still
don’t
know
how
many
_______
(galaxy)there
are
in
the
universe.
4.
We
could
have
flashed
by
one
another
like
two
pieces
of
______(cosmos)
dust.
5.
The
mission
could
___________(conceivable)be
accomplished
within
a
week.
telescopes
angled
galaxies
cosmic
conceivably
6.
Nanotechnology
is
the
science
of
materials
at
the
molecular
or
_________
(subatom)
level.
7.
There
are
________
(particle)of
dust
in
the
air.
8.
Breeze
wafts
yellow
leaves
in
the
air,
Autumn
watches,
closely,
silently,
________(invisible).
9.
Could
you
_____
(fetch)me
the
apples
that
I
bought
from
the
supermarket?
10.
Infections
are
spread
by
coughing,
spitting,
and
________(sneeze).
subatomic
particles
invisibly
fetch
sneezing
Ⅱ.
选词填空
in
reality;
enable.
.
.
to;
allow.
.
.
to;
work
out;
be
engaged
in;
be
composed
of;
be
invisible
to;
at
the
age
of;
look
back
to;
be
close
to
1.
There
is
________a
gap
between
the
ideal
and
the
actual.
?
2.
The
new
test
should
______
doctors
__
detect
the
disease
early.
3.
The
Government
will
_____
them
__
advertise
on
radio
and
television
4.
In
the
east,
our
country
adjoins
Korea
and
_________Japan.
?
in
reality
enable
to
allow
to
is
close
to
5.
The
student
decided
to
________the
difficult
problem
by
himself.
?
6.
As
I
look
out,
I
___________that
memorable
day.
?
7.
He’d
dropped
out
of
high
school
___________16.
?
8.
He
does
wholesale
business,
while
his
brother
____________retail
business.
?
9.
Many
stars
overhead
_____________the
naked
eye.
?
10.
The
paper
_____________three
parts:
preface,
main
text
and
conclusion.
?
work
out
look
back
to
at
the
age
of
is
engaged
in
are
invisible
to
is
composed
of
完成句子
1.
I
know
a
garden
________________________________.
?
我知道一个花园,
在那里你可以找到野草莓。(where引导定语从句)
2.
The
boy
___________________________.
?
刚才和我说话的那个男孩是我弟弟。(to
whom引导定语从句)
3.
The
house
__________________________is
my
uncle’s.
?
窗户面朝街的那座房子是我叔叔的。(whose引导定语从句)
where
you
can
find
wild
strawberries
to
whom
I
spoke
is
my
brother
whose
windows
face
the
street
4.
The
room
_________________________.
?
朝南的房间是我们的教室。(现在分词短语作定语)
5.
The
concert
____________________was
a
great
success.
该交响乐团举行的音
乐会大为成功。(过去分词作定语)?
facing
south
is
our
classroom
given
by
the
symphony
【文体解读】
Ⅰ.
阅读理解
A
　　Do
astronauts
get
space
sickness
when
they
travel
from
Earth
to
the
International
Space
Station
(ISS)?
Yes,
astronauts
can
get
space
sickness
travelling
to
the
ISS.
It
is
less
likely
travelling
in
the
cramped
(拥挤的)Russian
Soyuz
spacecraft
used
to
transport
astronauts
there
now,
than
the
old
Space
Shuttle
that
was
used
until
2011.
The
ability
to
move
around
in
the
Space
Shuttle
increased
the
chance
of
space
sickness
happening.
As
you
probably
know,
gravity
is
lower
inside
the
ISS.
The
low
gravity
in
space
allows
astronauts
to
float
around,
which
looks
like
fun,
but
it
can
help
cause
space
sickness.
Recent
experiments
show
that
space
sickness
is
related
to
our
inner
ear.
Two
separate
parts
of
the
inner
ear
respond
to
sudden
changes
in
direction.
If
you
shake
or
move
your
head
very
quickly,
you
can
get
dizzy.
However,
this
normally
passes
very
quickly.
This
normal
response
is
upset
under
low
gravity:
your
inner
ear
thinks
you
are
constantly
moving.
It
takes
some
time
to
adapt
to
the
new
condition
of
weightlessness.
It
is
made
worse
if
you
move
your
head
while
your
body
is
still
adapting.
This
is
why
previous
astronauts
travelling
in
the
larger
Space
Shuttle
were
likely
to
suffer
from
space
sickness
more
than
the
current
astronauts
travelling
in
the
cramped
Soyuz
spacecraft.
The
astronauts
were
less
likely
to
move
their
heads
around
very
much
in
a
narrow
space.
Space
sickness
was
not
talked
about
in
the
early
space
missions
(任务).
The
original
Mercury
and
Gemini
spacecraft
were,
like
the
current
Soyuz,
cramped.
The
astronauts
were
less
likely
to
get
sick,
so
space
sickness
no
longer
became
a
concern
of
NASA.
In
1983
the
first
detailed
study
was
carried
out
aboard
a
Space
Shuttle
flight
(STS-7)by
astronaut-doctor
Norm
Thagard.
His
and
all
later
studies
were
hampered
by
the
astronauts
themselves.
None
of
them
wanted
to
admit
being
space
sick.
They
were
worried
that
mission
control
might
remove
them
from
space
walking
opportunities,
or
even
worse,
that
they
might
not
get
included
on
later
space
missions.
【文章大意】本文是说明文。宇航员会得太空病吗?
文章介绍了会造成太空病的原因。
1.
What
was
the
problem
with
the
Space
Shuttle?
A.
It
was
too
slow.
B.
It
was
too
small.
C.
It
broke
down
often.
D.
It
had
too
much
space.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段中的It
is
less
likely
travelling
in
the
cramped
Russian
Soyuz
spacecraft
used
to
transport
astronauts
there
now,
than
the
old
Space
Shuttle
that
was
used
until
2011.
The
ability
to
move
around
in
the
Space
Shuttle
increased
the
chance
of
space
sickness
happening.
可知,
先前使用的太空飞船空间太大,
增加了宇航员得太空病的几率。故选D项。
2.
How
does
low
gravity
hurt
astronauts?
A.
It
fools
their
inner
ear.
B.
It
causes
pain
in
their
head.
C.
It
stops
them
shaking
their
head.
D.
It
prevents
them
measuring
their
weight.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第三段可知,
在太空低重力的环境中,
内耳应对突然改变的方向的能力受到了干扰,
会将宇航员漂浮的状态视作对方在不断移动,
进而造成宇航员的晕眩,
如果宇航员摇头,
晕眩会加剧。故选A项。
3.
Why
wasn’t
NASA
worried
about
space
sickness
until
later
missions?
A.
The
condition
had
been
kept
secret
to
the
public.
B.
There
were
few
detailed
studies
on
it.
C.
The
old
spacecraft
were
better
equipped.
D.
The
astronauts
were
less
likely
to
get
sick.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第四段可知,
先前使用的“水星”号飞船和“双子星座”号飞船与现在使用的“联盟”号飞船的空间一样狭窄,
所以宇航员不易得太空病。再结合第一段中的It
is
less
likely
travelling
in
the
cramped
Russian
Soyuz
spacecraft
used
to
transport
astronauts
there
now可知,
若飞船空间狭小,
则宇航员不易得太空病,
这也是为什么美国国家航空航天局之前未将太空病视作忧患的原因。故选D项。
4.
What
does
the
underlined
word
“hampered”
in
the
last
paragraph
mean?
A.
Changed.
　　　　　
B.
Improved.
C.
Blocked.
D.
Compared.
【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句后两句可知,
宇航员们不愿意承认自己曾遭受太空病的侵扰,
担心这会影响自己的职业生涯,
这妨碍了对太空病的研究。由此推知,
画线词hampered意为“阻碍,
妨碍”。故选C项。
B
　　Since
people
first
launched
rockets
into
space
in
the
1950s,
we
have
been
leaving
behind
all
sorts
of
things.
Some
of
them,
like
the
camera,
were
lost
by
astronauts
while
they
did
work
outside
their
spacecraft.
But
much
of
the
space
junk
is
made
up
of
little
pieces
of
things
that
were
once
bigger
objects,
until
they
struck
each
other
and
broke
apart.
But
space
junk
falling
on
roofs
is
not
the
biggest
worry.
Scientists
are
concerned
about
the
“Kessler”
problem.
Imagine
what
happens
when
an
empty
rocket
strikes
another
while
orbiting
the
earth.
Two
big
things
become
many
smaller
things.
They
then
hit
other
things.
The
pieces
get
smaller
and
smaller
until
they
form
a
cloud
of
junk
that
blocks
the
path
of
future
space
vehicles.
Marco
Castronuovo,
an
Italian
Space
Agency
researcher,
says
launching
a
satellite
into
space
that
would
get
very
close
to
some
of
the
larger
pieces
of
space
junk.
The
satellite
would
connect
a
small
rocket
to
the
useless
object.
When
the
rocket
explodes,
it
pushes
the
junk
into
a
lower
and
slower
orbit,
nearer
the
Earth.
After
a
time,
the
junk
burns
up
in
the
atmosphere.
Mr
Castronuovo
has
proposed
using
a
number
of
small
satellites
with
robotic
arms.
One
arm
would
catch
the
space
junk,
and
another
arm
would
connect
the
rocket.
He
imagines
that
each
satellite
could
jump
from
one
large
piece
of
junk
to
another.
He
thinks
this
method
could
destroy
about
ten
large
objects
each
year.
Scientists
have
been
concerned
about
space
junk
for
many
years.
Right
now,
the
costs
of
the
clean-up
have
been
too
great.
Mr
Castronuovo
says
his
system
could
be
put
in
place
for
a
much
more
reasonable
amount
of
money.
So
what
can
be
done
to
clean
up
the
space
around
our
planet?
【文章大意】本文是篇说明文,
主要讲的是太空中存在着许多垃圾,
这些垃圾慢慢会对地球及以后发射的太空飞船构成威胁,
科学家们正在研究如何清理它们。
5.
We
can
learn
from
the
text
that
much
of
the
space
junk
______.
?
A.
was
left
by
the
astronauts
on
purpose
B.
is
mainly
made
up
of
broken
spaceship
C.
is
usually
made
of
small
pieces
of
things
D.
burns
up
before
it
reaches
the
atmosphere
【解析】选C。细节理解题。从第一段的“But
much
of
the
space
junk
is
made
up
of
little
pieces
of
things
that
were
once
bigger
objects”可知,
许多的太
空垃圾都是由曾经是更大物体的小碎片构成的。故选C项。
6.
Now
scientists
are
most
worried
that
space
junk
will
______.
?
A.
harm
the
future
space
vehicles
B.
do
some
harm
to
the
atmosphere
C.
fall
on
people’s
house
roofs
D.
destroy
the
habitat
of
wildlife
【解析】选A。推理判断题。从第三段的“The
pieces
get
smaller
and
smaller
until
they
form
a
cloud
of
junk
that
blocks
the
path
of
future
space
vehicles.
”可知,
如果太空中形成了垃圾云层,
那以后发射的太空飞船就会遇到危险了。可知现在科学家最担心太空垃圾会危害未来空间飞行器。故选A项。
7.
It
implies
in
the
last
but
one
paragraph
that
______.
?
A.
clearing
up
the
space
will
actually
cost
little
B.
small
rockets
also
do
harm
to
the
atmosphere
C.
only
robots
can
clear
up
the
space
completely
D.
it
is
still
difficult
for
us
to
clear
up
the
space
【解析】选D。推理判断题。从倒数第二段的内容可知,
清理太空垃圾不是一件非常容易的事情,
故选D项。
8.
What
is
the
text
mainly
about?
A.
Space
junk
threatens
earth’s
orbital
environment.
B.
Scientists
use
different
methods
to
clear
up
space
junk.
C.
Spacecrafts
will
meet
with
a
lot
of
space
junk
in
the
future.
D.
Marco
comes
up
with
many
methods
to
deal
with
space
junk.
【解析】选A。主旨大意题。本文主要讲的是太空中存在着许多垃圾,
这些垃圾慢慢会对地球及以后发射的太空飞船构成威胁,
科学家们正在研究如何清理它们。故选A项。
【技巧点拨】
推理判断题往往是针对文中某一句话,
也可能是某几句话,
从文章的表面含义挖出所隐藏的内容,
最终推出答案。本文第2小题,
从第三段的“The
pieces
get
smaller
and
smaller
until
they
form
a
cloud
of
junk
that
blocks
the
path
of
future
space
vehicles.
”可知,
如果太空中形成了垃圾云层,
那以后发射的太空飞船就会遇到危险了,
可知现在科学家最担心太空垃圾会危害未来空间飞行器,
A项正确。
Ⅱ.
阅读填句
　　根据短文内容,
从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A
New
Trend
of
Micro
Museums
Is
Making
Science
Portable
　　Science
museums
are
amazing.
You
can
see
large
dinosaur
bones
from
the
huge
creatures
that
disappeared
thousands
of
years
ago
or
take
a
look
at
cells
under
a
microscope.
　1　.
?
You
can
learn
so
much
at
a
science
museum
if
living
close
enough
to
one.
However,
for
those
who
don’t
live
in
a
city,
getting
a
chance
to
visit
science
museums
is
not
easy.
“　2　,
their
influence
is
limited.
There
just
aren’t
enough
science
museums,
”
said
Charles
Philipp.
“And
due
to
the
high
costs,
it’s
unlikely
that
we’ll
be
seeing
a
bunch
of
new
traditional
science
museums
popping
up
all
over
the
country
anytime
soon.
”
Philipp
and
his
partner
Amanda
Schochet
have
decided
to
reinvent
science
museums
by
getting
them
small.
They
founded
MICRO,
a
nonprofit
organization
that
builds
tiny
6-foot-tall
science
museums,
which
are
portable
and
replicable
(可复制的).
　3　.
They
can
get
access
to
it
for
free
in
such
places
as
waiting
rooms
of
hospitals,
libraries,
airports,
and
even
shopping
malls.
?
　4　,
they
made
it
with
the
help
of
a
team
of
engineers,
storytellers,
and
designers.
Each
of
the
micro
museums
has
a
scientific
topic.
The
first
museum
is
the
Smallest
Mollusk
(软体动物)
Museum
showing
the
world
of
mollusks,
which
has
won
great
popularity
as
the
only
museum
devoted
just
to
mollusks.
A
second
museum
is
the
Perpetual
Motion
Museum
that
focuses
on
physics
and
engineering
and
will
officially
open
next
year.
It
asks
why
things
move,
and
why
they
stop.
　5　Hopefully
one
will
come
to
a
neighborhood
near
you
soon.
?
A.
Science
museums
are
beneficial
B.
While
the
content
is
vitally
important
C.
Although
it
costs
nothing
to
visit
museums
D.
The
plan
is
to
get
people
of
all
ages
connected
with
science
E.
Even
though
making
the
tiny
museums
a
reality
was
difficult
F.
Such
new
museums
allow
people
to
explore
fun
scientific
topics
G.
You
can
also
learn
to
think
like
an
engineer
by
building
a
model
ship
【文章大意】本文介绍了一种只有6英尺高的便捷式可复制的微型科学博物馆,
它使人们更容易接触科学博物馆和学习新的科学知识。
1.
【解析】选G。根据前一句“You
can
see
large
dinosaur
bones
from
the
huge
creatures
that
disappeared
thousands
of
years
ago
or
take
a
look
at
cells
under
a
microscope”和下文中的“You
can
learn
so
much
at
a
science
museum
.
.
.
one”可知,
此处应是举例你可以在科学博物馆做的事情,
故G项符合语境。
2.
【解析】选B。结合上文中提及博物馆的好处以及下文讲到“their
influence
is
limited.
There
just
aren’t
enough
science
museums”可知,
空处与后半句有转折关系,
故B项合适,
此处意为“尽管科学博物馆的内容非常重要,
但是它们产生的影响有限”。
3.
【解析】选D。上文提到了Charles
Philipp和Amanda
Schochet决定建造微型科学博物馆,
空处说明了他们建造微型科学博物馆的目的,
是对前一句的进一步阐述。
4.
【解析】选E。根据上文对微型科学博物馆的描述及下文“they
made
it
with
the
help
of
a
team
of
engineers,
storytellers,
and
designers”可知,
建造这样的科学博物馆绝非易事,
但他们成功了,
故E项符合语境。
5.
【解析】选F。上文主要介绍了两种主题的微型科学博物馆,
第一种以软体动物为主题,
第二种则关注物理学和工程学,
这些新型科学博物馆能够使人们了解科学方面的知识,
故F项符合语境。
话题写作·素养升级
描述太空生活经历
【范例点评】
假如现在是2050年,
你刚参加过学校组织的一次火星旅游,
请根据提示写一篇80词左右的短文。要点如下:
1.
出行方式及路线(乘航天飞机到达太空站再到达火星);
2.
所见所闻,
如外星人(alien);
3.
你的感受。
It
is
2050.
Our
school
organized
a
trip
from
the
Earth
to
Mars.
Firstly,
we
reached
a
space
station
by
a
spacecraft
after
a
one-day
journey
from
Earth.
After
a
short
break
and
then
two
hours
later,
we
landed
on
Mars.
The
aliens
on
Mars
are
very
kind
and
friendly,
and
what
surprised
us
is
that
they
speak
English
much
better
than
us.
There
are
lots
of
other
amazing
things.
We
even
came
across
a
talking
stone.
The
living
environment
of
aliens
is
really
comfortable.
This
is
much
better
than
we
thought.
What
a
wonderful
journey!
【布局】
【文体解读】
1.
话题特点
　　太空生活经历,
属于新课程标准“人与自然”主题语境中的“宇宙探索”主题群,
旨在通过将特定主题和学生的生活建立联系,
深化学生对宇宙探索的认识。写该类主题的作文,
首先要思考太空生活的细节,
然后用相关的词汇和表达组织作文框架,
最后形成全文。
2.
话题词汇
(1)the
same
as.
.
.
　　　　　
和……一样
(2)stay
clean
and
neat
保持整洁
(3)have
a
knowledge
of.
.
.
对……了解
(4)just
as
we
do
on
earth
就像我们在地球上做的一样
(5)astronaut
宇航员
(6)in
space
在太空
3.
话题句式(试着替换方框中的黑体部分,
变成你需要表达的意思)
开篇常用句式:
(1)
Living
in
space
is
not
the
same
as
living
on
Earth.
(2)The
astronauts’
bodies
change
in
space.
(3)The
way
they
stay
clean
and
neat
is
different
too.
结尾常用句式:
(1)Hoping
you
can
have
a
knowledge
of
the
life
in
space.
(2)As
far
as
I
am
concerned,
life
in
space
is
inconvenient
but
interesting.
(3)In
my
opinion,
living
in
space
will
be
turned
into
reality
one
day.
【迁移训练】
你的朋友Jim给你来信,
想通过你所观看的太空生活影片和新闻报道来了解宇航员,
请根据提示信息,
介绍一下你的观点:
1.
宇航员漂浮使骨头开始变得又软又薄。
2.
在太空中,
没有重力的牵引,
血液会流向上半身和头部。
3.
宇航员回到地球必须休息,
以便他们的身体有时间制造新的血液和水。
注意:
1.
词数80个左右;
2.
开头和结尾已给出,
不计入总词数。
Dear
Jim,
　　I’m
writing
to
introduce
to
you
how
the
astronauts
stay
healthy
in
space.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li
Hua
【遣词】
1.
失去力量　　　　　
___________?
2.
导致骨骼变弱
________________________?
3.
对……不利
____________?
4.
重力的牵引
________________?
5.
看起来浮肿
_________?
6.
制造新的血液
______________?
7.
晕倒
_____
lose
strength
cause
the
bones
to
get
weak
be
bad
for.
.
.
the
pull
of
gravity
look
puffy
make
new
blood
faint
【造句】
1.
完成句子
(1)他们的腿不怎么活动,
他们的下背部开始失去力量。
They
do
not
use
their
legs
much
and
their
lower
backs
begin
to
___________.
?
(2)这种情况导致骨头变得脆弱和薄。
This
_________________________and
thin.
?
(3)这对宇航员的身体非常不利。
It
_____________astronauts’
bodies.
?
(4)在太空中,
因为没有重力的牵引,
血液会流向上半身和头部。
In
space,
because
there
is
no
________________,
the
blood
moves
to
the
upper
body
and
head.
?
lose
strength
causes
the
bones
to
get
weak
is
very
bad
for
the
pull
of
gravity
2.
句式升级
(5)用非谓语动词和非限制性定语从句把(1)(2)(3)合并。
They
do
not
use
their
legs
much
and
their
lower
backs
begin
to
lose
strength,
causing
the
bones
to
get
weak
and
thin,
which
is
very
bad
for
astronauts’
bodies.
?
(6)把(4)改成简单句。
In
space,
without
the
pull
of
gravity,
the
blood
moves
to
the
upper
body
and
head.
?
【成篇】
Dear
Jim,
　　I’m
writing
to
introduce
to
you
how
the
astronauts
stay
healthy
in
space.
　　Living
in
space
is
not
the
same
as
living
on
Earth.
In
space,
astronauts
float.
They
do
not
use
their
legs
much
and
their
lower
backs
begin
to
lose
strength,
causing
the
bones
getting
weak
and
thin,
which
is
very
bad
for
astronauts’
bodies.
The
heart
and
blood
change
in
space,
too.
In
space,
without
the
pull
of
gravity,
the
blood
moves
to
the
upper
body
and
head.
Water
in
the
body
also
does
the
same
thing,
which
makes
the
astronauts’
faces
look
puffy.
When
the
astronauts
come
back
to
Earth,
the
astronauts
have
to
rest
so
their
bodies
have
time
to
make
new
blood
and
water.
If
they
don’t,
they
can
feel
very
weak.
They
might
even
faint!
　　Hoping
you
can
have
a
knowledge
of
the
life
in
space.
Yours,
Li
Hua
主题活动·素养提升
The
topic:
space
exploration
Pros:
Many
new
products,
such
as
weather
and
communication
satellites,
are
products
of
space
programs.
It
can
help
predict
dangers
and
protect
the
earth.
It
can
help
us
expand
our
living
room.
Cons:
Space
may
be
polluted
by
human
beings
and
break
the
natural
balance
of
space.
There
may
be
another
horrible
truth
that
we
may
be
found
by
aliens
because
of
the
satellites
sent
to
the
far
space.
The
time
and
money
spent
on
space
exploration
is
too
much
to
calculate.
Your
opinion:
_______________________________?
I
am
in
favour
of
space
exploration.
The
reason:
First
of
all,
it
has
produced
thousands
of
useful
products
that
help
to
improve
our
economy,
productivity
and
lifestyle,
strengthening
the
overall
national
strength.
Second,
taking
the
lead
in
space
exploration
can
make
the
people
proud
and
increase
their
sense
of
belonging
to
the
country.
What’s
more,
space
exploration
makes
us
understand
the
outer
environment,
construction
of
atmosphere
and
the
regular
pattern
of
stars.
?
名作赏读·素养培优
【导语】
《夏洛的网》是一部描写关于友情的童话,
在朱克曼家的谷仓里,
小猪威尔伯和蜘蛛夏洛建立了最真挚的友谊。威尔伯的生命有危险时,
看似渺小的夏洛用自己的力量救了威尔伯,
但,
这时,
蜘蛛夏洛的生命却走到了尽头。作者用童话的叙事风格表现出对生命本身的赞美与眷恋,
给了我们关于生命的深沉的思索。
Chapter
11　The
Miracle
The
next
day
was
foggy.
Everything
on
the
farm
was
dripping
wet.
The
grass
looked
like
a
magic
carpet.
The
asparagus
patch
looked
like
a
silver
forest.
On
foggy
mornings,
Charlotte’s
web
was
truly
a
thing
of
beauty.
This
morning
each
thin
strand
was
decorated
with
dozens
of
tiny
beads
of
water.
The
web
glistened
in
the
light
and
made
a
pattern
of
loveliness
and
mystery,
like
a
delicate
veil.
Even
Lurvy,
who
wasn’t
particularly
interested
in
beauty,
noticed
the
web
when
he
came
with
the
pig’s
breakfast.
He
noted
how
clearly
it
showed
up
and
he
noted
how
big
and
carefully
built
it
was.
And
then
he
took
another
look
and
he
saw
something
that
made
him
set
his
pail
down.
There,
in
the
center
of
the
web,
neatly
woven
in
block
letters,
was
a
message.
It
said:
SOME
PIG!
Lurvy
felt
weak.
He
brushed
his
hand
across
his
eyes
and
stared
harder
at
Charlotte’s
web.
“I’m
seeing
things,
”
he
whispered.
He
dropped
to
his
knees
and
uttered
a
short
prayer.
Then,
forgetting
all
about
Wilbur’s
breakfast,
he
walked
back
to
the
house
and
called
Mr
Zuckerman.
“I
think
you’d
better
come
down
to
the
pigpen,
he
said.
”
“What’s
the
trouble?
”
asked
Mr
Zuckerman.
“Anything
wrong
with
the
pig?
”“N-not
exactly,
”
said
Lurvy.
“Come
and
see
for
yourself.
”The
two
men
walked
silently
down
to
Wilbur’s
yard.
Lurvy
pointed
to
the
spider’s
web.
“Do
you
see
what
I
see?
”
he
asked.
Zuckerman
stared
at
the
writing
on
the
web.
Then
he
murmured
the
words
“Some
Pig.
”
Then
he
looked
at
Lurvy.
Then
they
both
began
to
tremble.
Charlotte,
sleepy
after
her
night’s
exertions,
smiled
as
she
watched.
Wilbur
came
and
stood
directly
under
the
web.
“Some
pig!
”
muttered
Lurvy
in
a
low
voice.
　“Some
pig!
”
Whispered
Mr
Zuckerman.
They
stared
and
stared
for
a
long
time
at
Wilbur.
Then
they
stared
at
Charlotte.
“You
don’t
suppose
that
that
spider.
.
.
”
began
Mr
Zuckerman—but
he
shook
his
head
and
didn’t
finish
the
sentence.
Instead,
he
walked
solemnly
back
up
to
the
house
and
spoke
to
his
wife.
“Edith,
something
has
happened,
”
he
said,
in
a
weak
voice.
He
went
into
the
living
room
and
sat
down
and
Mrs
Zuckerman
followed.
“I’ve
got
something
to
tell
you,
Edith,
”
he
said.
“You
better
sit
down.
”Mrs
Zuckerman
sank
into
a
chair.
She
looked
pale
and
frightened.
“Edith,
”
he
said,
trying
to
keep
his
voice
steady,
“I
think
you
had
best
be
told
that
we
have
a
very
unusual
pig.
”A
look
of
complete
bewilderment
came
over
Mrs
Zuckerman’s
face.
“Homer
Zuckerman,
what
in
the
world
are
you
talking
about?
”
she
said.
“This
is
a
very
serious
thing,
Edith,
”
he
replied.
“Our
pig
is
completely
out
of
the
ordinary.
”“What’s
unusual
about
the
pig?
”
asked
Mrs
Zuckerman,
who
was
beginning
to
recover
from
her
scare.
“Well,
I
don’t
really
know
yet,
”
said
Mr
Zuckerman.
“But
we
have
received
a
sign,
Edith—a
mysterious
sign.
A
miracle
has
happened
on
this
farm.
There
is
a
large
spider’s
web
in
the
doorway
of
the
barn
cellar,
right
over
the
pigpen,
and
when
Lurvy
went
to
feed
the
pig
this
morning,
he
noticed
the
web
because
it
was
foggy,
and
you
know
how
a
spider’s
web
looks
very
distinct
in
a
fog.
And
right
spang
in
the
middle
of
the
web
there
were
the
words
‘Some
Pig’.
The
words
were
woven
right
into
the
web.
They
were
actually
part
of
the
web,
Edith.
I
know,
because
I
have
been
down
there
and
seen
them.
It
says,
‘Some
Pig,
’
just
as
clear
as
they
can
be.
There
can
be
no
mistake
about
it.
A
miracle
has
happened
and
a
sign
has
occurred
here
on
earth
right
on
our
farm,
and
we
have
no
ordinary
pig.
”“Well,
”
said
Mrs
Zuckerman,
“it
seems
to
me
you’re
a
little
off.
It
seems
to
me
we
have
no
ordinary
spider.
”“Oh,
no,
”
said
Zuckerman.
“It’s
the
pig
that’s
unusual.
It
says
so,
right
there
in
the
middle
of
the
web.
”