(共91张PPT)
Unit
4 Everyday
economics
Using
language
语法精讲·素养提升
定语从句(Attributive
Clauses)
【语用功能】
定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句,
其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,
一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。定语从句又分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。限定性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用,
不能省略。非限定性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切,
只是对其作一些附加说明,
可以省略。
【情境探究】
用恰当的关系词补全句子并体会其功能。
1.
This
is
a
place
______________roses
grow
wild.
?
2.
The
biggest
challenge
at
the
initial
phase
was
to
persuade
people
to
work
for
me,
______
was
totally
outside
my
experience.
3.
Zhang
therefore
decided
to
return
to
her
home
town
and
grow
roses,
______
surprised
many
people.
where/in
which
which
which
4.
___
people
say,
it
takes
a
village
to
raise
a
child.
5.
As
someone
_________grew
up
in
the
country,
Zhang
already
knew
about
growing
plants.
?
As
who
/that
【要义详析】
1.
定语从句的关系词
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
常见的关系代词包括that,
which,
who(宾格whom,
所有格whose),
as
等。
关系副词包括where,
when,
why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,
同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
2.
定语从句的分类
根据定语从句与先行词的关系,
定语从句可分为限定性定语从句及非限定性定语从句。
(1)限定性定语从句紧跟先行词,
主句与从句不用逗号分开,
从句不可省去。
Any
man
that/who
has
a
sense
of
duty
won’t
do
such
a
thing.
任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。
(2)
非限定性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,
起补充说明作用,
如省去,
意思仍完整。
The
house,
which
we
bought
last
month,
is
very
nice.
这幢房子很漂亮,
是我们上个月买的。
注意:
非限定性定语从句中不能使用关系代词
that。
3.
关系代词的用法
(1)that
that既可以用于指人,
也可以用于指物。在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语,
作宾语可省略。例如:
Mary
likes
music
that
is
quiet
and
gentle.
玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)
The
coat(that)
I
put
on
the
desk
is
blue.
我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)
(2)which
which用于指物,
在句中作主语、宾语或表语,
作宾语可省略。例如:
The
building
which
stands
near
the
train
station
is
a
supermarket.
位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)
The
film(which)
we
saw
last
night
was
wonderful.
我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)
(3)who,
whom
who,
whom
用于指人,
who
用作主语、宾语或表语,
whom用作宾语。在口语中,
有时可用who代替whom,
也可省略。例如:
The
girl
who
often
helps
me
with
my
English
is
from
England.
经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩来自英国。(who
作主语)
Who
is
the
teacher(whom)
Li
Ming
is
talking
to?
正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?
(whom
作宾语)
(4)as
①引导限定性定语从句时,
指与先行词相似的人或物,
必须用于
such/so.
.
.
as.
.
.
或
the
same.
.
.
as.
.
.
结构中,
例如:
Such
people
as
were
mentioned
by
him
were
honest.
被他提到的这样的人是诚实的。
Last
term
our
maths
teacher
set
so
difficult
an
examination
problem
as
none
of
us
worked
out.
上学期我们数学老师出了一道我们没有一个人能解出的数学题。
This
is
the
same
bag
as
I
lost
yesterday.
这是和我昨天买的包一样的包。
②引导非限定性定语从句时,
只能修饰句子,
可置于被修饰句子后面、前面或主谓之间,
翻译成“正如……那样”。例如:
我们都知道,
地球绕着太阳转。
The
earth
moves
around
the
sun,
as
we
all
know.
As
we
all
know,
the
earth
moves
around
the
sun.
The
earth,
as
we
all
know,
moves
around
the
sun.
③在非限定性定语从句中,
which和as引导定语从句时的区别:
which引导的从句不能放在主句前,
而as引导的从句则既可以放在主句前,
也可以放在主句后,
还可以放在主谓之间。
as和which都可以指代一个句子,
但as有“正如”“就像”之意,
which则没有此含义。
as
引导的非限定性定语从句只能修饰句子,
which
引导的非限定性定语从句可以修饰句子,
也可以修饰名词。
【即学活用】
语法填空。
(1)(2019·全国卷I
)If
you
are
a
teenager
living
in
certain
parts
of
the
province,
you
could
be
eligible
(符合条件)for
this
program,
______
provides
eight
weeks
of
paid
employment
along
with
training.
(2)(2019·全国卷I
)During
the
rosy
years
of
elementary
school
(小学),
I
enjoyed
sharing
my
dolls
and
jokes,
______allowed
me
to
keep
my
high
social
status.
which
which
(3)(2019·全国卷I
)Researchers
from
Georgia
Tech
say
that
they
have
come
up
with
a
low-cost
device
(装置)__________gets
around
this
problem:
a
smart
keyboard.
?
(4)___
everyone
knows,
China
is
a
beautiful
country
with
a
long
history.
(5)With
shining
dark
eyes,
he
seems
like
the
kind
of
kid
________
would
enjoy
public
speaking.
that
/which
As
who/that
4.
关系副词的用法
(1)when指时间,
其先行词表示时间,
在句中作时间状语。例如:
This
was
the
time
when
he
arrived.
这是他到达的时间。(when=at
which)
(2)where指地点,
其先行词表示地点,
在句中作地点状语。例如:
This
is
the
place
where
he
works.
这是他工作的地点。(where=at
/in
which)
(3)why指原因,
其先行词是原因,
起原因状语作用。例如:
Nobody
knows
the
reason
why
he
is
often
late
for
school.
没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。(why=for
which)
【即学活用】
语法填空。
(1)She
didn’t
tell
me
the
reason
____
she
refused
the
offer.
(2)(2019·江苏高考)We
have
entered
into
an
age
_____
dreams
have
the
best
chance
of
coming
true.
(3)(2019·天津高考)Their
child
is
at
the
stage
______she
can
say
individual
words
but
not
full
sentences.
(4)(2018·北京高考)The
reason
____
someone
is
triggered
by
something
and
others
are
not
is
often
due
to
one’s
personal
history
and
psychological
traits.
why
when
where
why
5.
定语从句高频考点
(1)当定语从句中含有介词,
介词放在句末时,
who,
whom,
that,
which可省略,
但介词在关系代词前时,
只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如:
There
will
be
a
true
global
village
in
which
telephones,
computers
and
televisions
interact.
将会出现一个电话、电脑、电视互动的真正的地球村。
(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,
介词不可前置,
只能放在原来的位置上。例如:
This
is
the
person
whom
you
are
looking
for.
这就是你要找的那个人。
(3)关系词只能用that的情况:
①先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,
或本身是序数词、形容词最高级时,
只能用that,
而不用which。例如:
He
was
the
first
person
that
passed
the
exam.
他是第一个通过考试的人。
②被修饰的先行词为all,
any,
much,
many,
everything,
anything,
none,
the
one等不定代词时,
只能用that,
而不用which。例如:
Is
there
anything
that
you
want
to
buy
in
the
shop?
你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?
③先行词被the
only,
the
very,
the
same,
the
last,
little,
few
等词修饰时,
只能用that,
而不用which。例如:
This
is
the
same
bike
that
I
lost.
这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
注意:
当先行词指人时,
偶尔也可以用关系代词who。例如:
Wang
Hua
is
the
only
person
in
our
school
who
will
attend
the
meeting.
王华是我们学校唯一将会出席这个会议的人。
④先行词里同时含有人或物时,
只能用that。例如:
I
can
remember
well
the
persons
and
some
pictures
that
I
saw
in
the
room.
我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
⑤以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,
为避免重复,
只能用that。例如:
Who
is
the
girl
that
is
crying?
正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?
⑥主句是there
be
结构,
修饰主语的定语从句用that,
而不用which。例如:
There
is
a
book
on
the
desk
that
belongs
to
Tom.
桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
(4)关系词只能用which,
而不用that
的情况:
①先行词为that,
those时,
用which,
而不用that。例如:
What’s
that
which
is
under
the
desk?
在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?
②关系代词前有介词时,
用which,
而不用that。例如:
This
is
the
room
in
which
he
lives.
这是他居住的房间。
③引导非限定性定语从句,
用which,
而不用that。例如:
Tom
came
back,
which
made
us
happy.
汤姆回来了,
这使我们很高兴。
【即学活用】
语法填空。
(1)(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)While
I
have
only
listed
two
of
each,
there
are
obviously
many
other
situations
____
can
arise.
(2)(2019·天津高考)Our
mission
is
to
create
a
welcoming
environment
in
______
residents
feel
comfortable,
safe
and
a
sense
of
belonging.
(3)(2019·浙江高考)I
realized
that
was
the
only
thing
____
we
had
left.
that
which
that
(4)(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Chinese
models
are
the
faces
of
beauty
and
fashion
campaigns
that
sell
dreams
to
women
all
over
the
world,
______means
Chinese
women
are
not
just
consumers
of
fashion
—
they
are
central
to
its
movement.
which
课时检测·素养达标
Ⅰ.
单句语法填空
1.
The
exact
year
______Anglela
and
her
family
spent
together
in
China
was
2008.
2.
I
borrowed
the
book
Sherlock
Holmes
from
the
library
last
week,
______my
classmates
recommended
to
me.
3.
Students
should
involve
themselves
in
community
activities
______they
can
gain
experience
for
growth.
which
which
where
4.
I
am
looking
forward
to
the
day
_____my
daughter
can
read
this
book
and
know
my
feelings
for
her.
5.
Please
send
us
all
the
information
____you
have
about
the
candidate
for
the
position.
6.
Until
now,
we
have
raised
50,
000
pounds
for
the
poor
children,
______is
quite
unexpected.
when
that
which
7.
Kae,
______sister
I
shared
a
room
with
when
we
were
at
college,
has
gone
to
work
in
Australia.
8.
Many
young
people,
most
of
______were
well-educated,
headed
for
remote
regions
to
chase
their
dreams.
9.
___
is
often
the
case
with
old
people,
my
grandfather
is
fond
of
talking
about
good
old
days.
10.
He
wrote
many
children’
s
books,
nearly
half
of
______were
published
in
the
1990s.
whose
whom
As
which
Ⅱ.
句型转换(将下列句子转换成定语从句
)
1.
My
father
gave
me
a
book.
This
is
a
book
about
Australia.
______________________________________________________.
?
2.
I’d
like
the
photos.
Your
mother
took
them
last
summer.
___________________________________________________.
?
3.
The
train
is
very
comfortable.
We
took
the
train.
________________________________________?
4.
Is
the
car
nice?
She
wanted
to
buy
the
car.
_______________________________________?
?
My
father
gave
me
a
book
which/that
is
a
book
about
Australia
I’d
like
the
photos
which/that
our
mother
took
last
summer
The
train
(which)we
took
is
very
comfortable.
Is
the
car
(which/that)she
wanted
to
buy
nice
5.
I
like
my
hometown.
I
was
born
there.
_________________________________.
?
6.
The
building
is
my
uncle’s
house.
Its
wall
is
white.
_____________________________________________.
?
7.
He
came
late
again.
It
made
his
teacher
angry.
____________________________________________.
?
8.
I
have
many
good
friends
and
some
of
them
are
from
the
USA.
___________________________________________________.
?
I
like
my
hometown
where
I
was
born
The
building
whose
wall
is
white
is
my
uncle’s
house
He
came
late
again,
which
made
his
teacher
angry
I
have
many
good
friends,
some
of
whom
are
from
the
USA
9.
We
know
that
China
has
been
developing
fast
in
the
past
10
years.
________________________________________________________.
?
10.
We
all
dream
of
visiting
Beijing.
There
are
many
places
of
interest
in
Beijing.
______________________________________________________________.
?
As
we
know,
China
has
been
developing
fast
in
the
past
10
years
We
all
dream
of
visiting
Beijing
where
there
are
many
places
of
interest
【语法主题应用】
用适当的关系词填空
Mary,
1.
______drawings
were
shown
at
the
exhibition
last
month,
is
a
model
student
2.
____is
often
praised
for
her
good
work
at
school.
3.
___we
all
know,
Mary
is
famous
for
her
painting
of
horses.
As
soon
as
we
got
into
the
exhibition
hall,
our
eyes
were
caught
by
a
very
large
picture
4.
______was
hung
on
the
wall
in
front
of
us.
The
horse
5.
______was
drawn
in
the
picture
was
exactly
like
a
real
horse.
The
man
6.
____was
riding
on
it
looked
like
a
living
man.
It
was
the
best
picture
7.
____I
whose
who
As
which
which
who
that
had
ever
seen,
and
I
should
say
Mary
is
the
best
young
painter
8.
____I
have
ever
heard
of.
Her
friend
9.
____was
visiting
the
exhibition
told
me
the
reason
10.
____
Mary
painted
well
was
that
it
had
taken
Mary
thousands
of
hours
to
learn
and
practise
drawing.
that
who
why
课时素养评价
十一 Unit
4 Using
language
【语用训练】
Ⅰ.
用适当的关系词填空
1.
I
will
never
forget
the
days
__________
we
spent
together.
2.
I
will
never
forget
the
days
_____
we
stayed
together.
3.
The
reason
__________
he
explained
at
the
meeting
was
not
sound.
4.
The
reason
____
he
was
happy
was
that
he
had
been
praised
by
the
teacher.
5.
Keep
the
book
in
a
place
______
you
can
find
it
easily.
that/which
when
that/which
why
where
6.
This
is
the
house
__________
was
built
by
my
grandfather
forty
years
ago.
7.
I
will
show
you
the
point
______
you
fail.
8.
There
are
some
cases
______
this
rule
does
not
hold
good.
9.
He
had
to
face
the
conditions
______
pressure
was
heavy.
10.
He
is
the
man
__________
I
saw
yesterday.
that/which
where
where
where
whom/that
Ⅱ.
句型转换
1.
The
house
has
been
pulled
down.
He
lived
in
the
house
10
years
ago.
→The
house
______
he
lived
10
years
ago
has
been
pulled
down.
2.
The
school
lies
in
the
east
of
the
town.
He
once
studied
in
the
school.
→The
school
______
he
once
studied
lies
in
the
east
of
the
town.
where
where
3.
Do
you
remember
the
days?
On
those
days
we
played
together.
→Do
you
remember
the
days
_____
we
played
together?
4.
We
went
through
a
period.
During
that
time
communications
were
very
difficult
in
the
rural
areas.
→We
went
through
a
period
_____
communications
were
very
difficult
in
the
rural
areas.
5.
After
graduation
he
returned
to
the
small
town
______
he
grew
up
in.
when
when
which
Ⅲ.
完成句子
1.
The
reason
__________________there
was
that
he
was
ill
in
bed.
他不能到那里
去的原因是他卧病在床。?
2.
We
are
living
in
an
age
________________________on
computer.
?
我们生活在许多事情在电脑上就可以做的时代。
3.
I’ll
never
forget
the
days
_____________together
with
you.
我永远也不会忘记
和你一起工作的日子。?
why
he
could
not
go
when
many
things
are
done
when
I
worked
4.
The
lab
____________________________________
is
not
far
from
here.
?
那个化学家经常做实验的那个实验室离这里不远。
5.
The
factory
__________________________
fell
down
in
the
earthquake.
?
我父亲过去工作的那家工厂在地震中倒塌了。
where
the
chemist
often
does
experiments
where
my
father
used
to
work
【主题阅读】
Ⅰ.
阅读理解
A
(2021·乌鲁木齐高二检测)
Nobody
likes
home
economics
(家政学).
But
restoring
the
program
could
help
us
in
the
fight
against
obesity
and
chronic
(慢性的)diseases
today.
The
home
economics
movement
was
founded
on
the
belief
that
housework
and
food
preparation
were
important
subjects
that
should
be
studied
scientifically.
The
first
classes
occurred
in
the
agricultural
and
technical
colleges
that
were
built
in
the
1860s.
When
most
departments
of
universities
rejected
women,
home
economics
was
a
back
door
into
higher
education.
Indeed,
in
the
early
20th
century,
home
economics
was
a
serious
subject.
When
few
people
understood
germ
(微生物)theory
and
almost
no
one
had
heard
of
vitamins,
home
economics
classes
offered
vital
information
about
washing
hands
regularly,
eating
fruit
and
vegetables
and
not
feeding
coffee
to
babies.
However,
today
we
remember
only
the
fixed
ideas
about
home
economics,
forgetting
the
movement’s
most
important
lessons
on
healthy
eating
and
cooking.
Too
many
Americans
simply
don’t
know
how
to
cook.
Our
diets,
consisting
of
highly
processed
foods
made
cheaply
outside
the
home,
have
contributed
to
many
serious
health
problems.
In
the
last
decade,
many
cities
and
states
have
tried
to
tax
junk
food
heavily
or
to
ban
the
use
of
food
stamps
(食品券)to
buy
soda.
Clearly,
many
people
are
doubtful
about
any
governmental
steps
to
promote
healthy
eating.
But
what
if
the
government
put
the
tools
of
obesity
prevention
in
the
hands
of
children
themselves
by
teaching
them
how
to
cook?
My
first
experience
with
home
economics
happened
two
decades
ago
when
I
was
a
seventh
grader
in
a
North
Carolina
public
school.
A
year
later,
my
father’s
job
took
our
family
to
Wales,
where
I
attended
a
large
school
for
a
few
months.
It
was
the
first
time
I
had
ever
really
cooked
anything.
I
remember
that
it
was
fun,
and
with
an
instructor
standing
by,
it
wasn’t
hard.
Those
lessons
stuck
with
me
when
I
first
started
cooking
for
my
husband
and
myself
after
college
and
they
still
do.
Teaching
cooking
in
public
schools
can
help
solve
some
problems
facing
Americans
today.
The
history
of
home
economics
shows
it’s
possible.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是家政学的历史和发展。我们今天要正确地对待家政学在健康饮食和烹饪方面的重要意义。
1.
What
do
we
know
about
home
economics
according
to
the
passage?
A.
It
is
a
subject
becoming
more
and
more
popular
with
Americans
B.
It
is
often
used
to
help
fight
against
obesity
and
chronic
diseases
C.
It
once
offered
women
a
special
approach
to
university
education
D.
It
was
first
taught
in
the
agricultural
and
technical
colleges
in
the
early
1900s
【解析】选C。细节理解题。由文章中第二段最后一句When
most
departments
of
universities
rejected
women,
home
economics
was
a
back
door
into
higher
education.
可知,
家政学给了女性一个进入大学接受高等教育的机会。故选C。
2.
What
does
the
third
paragraph
mainly
tell
us?
A.
The
importance
of
regular
hand
washing
B.
The
health
benefits
of
fruit
and
vegetables
C.
The
contents
of
home
economics
classes
in
the
early
20th
century
D.
The
significance
of
teaching
home
economics
in
the
early
20th
century
【解析】选D。段落主旨题。纵观第三段的内容Indeed,
in
the
early
20th
century,
home
economics
was
a
serious
subject.
When
few
people
understood
germ
theory
and
almost
no
one
had
heard
of
vitamins,
home
economics
classes
offered
vital
information
about
washing
hands
regularly,
eating
fruit
and
vegetables
and
not
feeding
coffee
to
babies.
可知,
第三段主要讲述了20世纪初家政学教学的意义。故选D。
3.
In
the
opinion
of
the
author,
how
should
we
fight
against
childhood
obesity?
A.
Children
should
be
taught
how
to
cook.
B.
A
heavy
tax
should
be
put
on
junk
food.
C.
Healthy
eating
should
be
promoted
at
school.
D.
Using
food
stamps
to
buy
soda
should
be
banned.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。由文章第四段中But
what
if
the
government
put
the
tools
of
obesity
prevention
in
the
hands
of
children
themselves
by
teaching
them
how
to
cook?
可知,
在作者看来,
我们应该教孩子们如何做饭来对抗儿童肥胖,
故选A。
4.
What
does
the
author
imply
in
the
last
paragraph?
A.
Her
family
moved
frequently
in
her
childhood.
B.
Cooking
classes
have
a
far-reaching
influence
on
her
later
life.
C.
To
receive
a
better
education,
she
went
to
a
large
school
in
Wales.
D.
Teaching
cooking
is
the
key
to
solving
Americans’
health
problems.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。文章的最后一段主要讲了作者的亲身经历。从作者小时候学会做饭一直到成家后给丈夫、孩子做饭,
这些经历对作者的生活产生了深远的影响。A、C、D三个选项的表述与原文意思不符。故选B。
B
(2021·沈阳高二检测)
An
increase
in
students
applying
to
study
economics
at
university
is
being
attributed
to
(归因于)the
global
economic
crisis
awakening
a
public
thirst
for
knowledge
about
how
the
financial
system
works.
Applications
for
degree
courses
beginning
this
autumn
were
up
by
15%
this
January,
according
to
UCAS,
the
Universities
and
Colleges
Admissions
Service.
A
spokesman
for
the
Royal
Economic
Society
said
applications
to
do
economics
at
A-level
were
also
up.
Professor
John
Beath,
the
president
of
the
society
and
a
leading
lecturer
at
St
Andrews
University,
said
his
first-year
lectures—which
are
open
to
students
from
all
departments—were
drawing
crowds
of
400,
rather
than
the
usual
250.
“There
are
a
large
number
of
students
who
are
not
economics
majors
(专业),
who
would
like
to
learn
something
about
it.
One
of
the
things
I
have
done
this
year
is
to
relate
my
teaching
to
contemporary
events
in
a
way
that
one
hasn’t
traditionally
done.
”
He
said.
University
applications
rose
by
7%
last
year,
but
there
were
rises
above
average
in
several
subjects.
Nursing
saw
a
15%
jump,
with
people’s
renewed
interest
in
careers
in
the
pubic
sector
(部门),
which
are
seen
as
more
secure
in
economic
crisis.
A
recent
study
showed
almost
two
thirds
of
parents
believed
schools
should
do
more
to
teach
pupils
about
financial
matters,
and
almost
half
said
their
children
had
asked
them
what
was
going
on,
although
a
minority
(少数)of
parents
felt
they
did
not
understand
it
themselves
well
enough
to
explain.
Zack
Hocking,
the
head
of
Child
Trust
Funds,
said,
“It’s
possible
that
one
good
thing
to
arise
from
the
downturn
(低迷)will
be
a
generation
that’s
financially
wiser
and
better
equipped
to
manage
their
money
through
times
of
economic
uncertainty.
”
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了由于金融危机,
在大学里越来越多的人申请读经济学,
经济学受到热捧并且公共行业的专业也很受学生的青睐,
因为这些行业的收入在经济危机中更为保险。
5.
Professor
John
Beath’s
lectures
are
______.
?
A.
given
in
a
traditional
way
B.
warmly
received
by
economics
C.
connected
with
the
present
situation
D.
open
to
both
students
and
their
parents
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文章“One
of
the
things
I
have
done
this
year
is
to
relate
my
teaching
to
contemporary
events
in
a
way
that
one
hasn’t
traditionally
done.
”
今年我做过的一件事是以传统教学没有用过的方式把我的教学与当代的事件联系起来。”可知,
Professor
John
Beath
的讲座主要是有关当代发生的一些事情,
与当前的形势联系得很紧密。故选C。
6.
Careers
in
the
public
sector
are
more
attractive
because
of
their______.
?
A.
higher
pay
B.
greater
stability
(稳定)
C.
fewer
applications
D.
better
reputation
(名声)
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据文章“Nursing
saw
a
15%
jump,
with
people’s
renewed
interest
in
careers
in
the
public
sector,
which
are
seen
as
more
secure
in
economic
crisis.
”
(护理行业增长了15%,
人们对公共行业的职业重新产生了兴趣,
人们认为这在经济危机中更有保障。)可知,
公共行业被看成是在经济危机中更加有保障的行业,
所以很多人申请公共行业的专业学习。故选B。
7.
In
the
opinion
of
most
parents,
______.
?
A.
economics
should
be
the
focus
of
school
teaching
B.
more
students
should
be
admitted
to
universities
C.
children
should
solve
financial
problems
themselves
D.
the
teaching
of
financial
matters
should
be
strengthened
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据文章A
recent
study
showed
almost
two
thirds
of
parents
believed
schools
should
do
more
to
teach
pupils
about
financial
matters(最近的一项研究显示,
近三分之二的家长认为学校应该做更多的事情来教学生理财)可知,
家长们希望老师多教学生一些金融方面的知识,
故选D。
8.
What’s
the
main
idea
of
the
text?
A.
Economics
is
attracting
an
increasing
number
of
students.
B.
Universities
have
received
more
applications.
C.
College
students
benefit
a
lot
from
economic
uncertainty.
D.
Parents
are
concerned
with
children’s
subject
selection.
【解析】选A。主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了当前经济危机下,
很多人都申请学经济学来更好地理解金融系统的运行模式和职能,
即经济学吸引了越来越多的人。故选A。
Ⅱ.
语法填空
(2021·天津高二检测)
BEIJING
China
will
establish
a
new
special
economic
zone
in
the
1.
_______
(heavy)polluted
province
of
Hebei
to
promote
integration(一体化)with
2.
_______
neighboring
cities
of
Beijing
and
Tianjin,
the
government
has
announced.
The
Xiongan
New
Area
will
be
3.
_______
the
same
national
importance
as
the
Shenzhen
Special
Economic
Zone,
4.
_______
helped
kick-start
China’s
economic
reforms
in
1980,
the
official
Xinhua
News
Agency
said,
citing
a
circular
released
by
the
Chinese
Cabinet.
The
new
special
economic
zone
5.
_______
(locate)around
100km
south-west
of
Beijing,
close
to
the
Hebei
provincial
capital
of
Shijiazhuang
and
will
house
some
of
Beijing’s
relocated
“non-capital
functions”.
It
is
currently
only
100
square
kilometers
in
area
6.
_______
will
eventually
be
expanded
to
2,
000
square
kilometers.
Beijing,
home
to
22
million
people,
7.
_______
(try)to
control
population
growth
and
relocate
industries
and
other
non-capital
functions
to
Hebei
in
the
8.
_______
(come)years
as
part
of
its
efforts
to
prevent
pollution
and
crowdedness.
The
removal
of
non-capital
functions
from
Beijing
is
part
of
a
greater
strategy
to
integrate
the
development
of
Beijing,
Tianjin
and
Hebei
for
a
better
economic
structure,
9.
_______
(clean)environment
and
improved
public
10.
_______
(serve).
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,
中国政府近期要设立雄安新区,
文章介绍了雄安新区的地理位置及设立的设想和功能。
1.
【解析】heavily。考查副词。句意:
中国将在被严重污染的河北省建立一个新经济特区来加快和邻近城市——北京和天津的一体化进程。在英语中,
副词通常作状语修饰形容词、副词、动词或整个句子,
本句中副词heavily作状语,
修饰形容词polluted。所以要填heavily。
2.
【解析】the。考查定冠词。定冠词the表示特指,
不定冠词a/an表示泛指,
本句使用定冠词the特指河北省两个邻近的城市北京和天津。所以要填the。
3.
【解析】of。考查固定结构。句意:
雄安新区将会和深圳特区有同样的国家重要性。固定结构“of+名词”=“该名词构成的形容词”,
所以句中的“of
importance”=“important”表示重要的;
在句中作表语。所以要填of。
4.
【解析】which。考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词是the
Shenzhen
Special
Economic
Zone,
关系代词which指代先行词,
引导定语从句并在句中作主语。所以要填which。
5.
【解析】is
located。考查动词。句意:
这个新的经济特区位于大约北京西南100千米处,
靠近河北省会石家庄。短语be
located意为“位于……”,
在句中作谓语,
所以要填is
located。
6.
【解析】but。考查连词。句意:
现在它只有100平方千米,
但是最终会拓宽至2
000平方千米。根据句意可知,
上下文之间是转折关系,
要用表示转折关系的连词。所以要填but。
7.
【解析】is
trying。考查时态。句意:
北京现在有2
200万人口,
在努力控制人口增长并在未来几年里向河北重新配置工业和其他非首都功能。本句叙述北京现在正在做的事情,
所以填is
trying。
8.
【解析】coming。考查形容词。形容词coming表示“即将到来的”,
在句中作定语,
修饰years,
表示未来的时间。所以要填coming。
9.
【解析】cleaner。考查比较级。句意:
转移北京的非首都功能是整合北京、天津和河北省发展的一个伟大的策略,
是为了一个更好的工业结构,
更清洁的环境并提升公共服务。句中设空处与前面的better是并列成分,
所以要填cleaner。
10.
【解析】service(s)。考查名词。在英语中,
动词的后面要接名词作宾语,
本句中要用serve的名词形式作动词improve的宾语,
所以要填service(s)。
完形填空
(2021·西安高二检测)
Open
data-sharers
are
still
in
the
minority
in
many
fields.
Although
many
researchers
broadly
agree
that
public
access
to
raw
data
would
promote
science,
most
are
1
to
post
the
results
of
their
own
labours
online.
?
Some
communities
have
agreed
to
share
online-geneticists,
for
example,
post
DNA
sequences
at
the
GenBank
repository
(库),
and
astronomers
are
accustomed
to
2
images
of
galaxies
and
stars
from,
say,
the
Sloan
Digital
Sky
Survey,
a
telescope
that
has
observed
some
500
million
objects—but
these
remain
the
3 ,
not
the
rule.
Historically,
scientists
have
4
sharing
for
many
reasons:
it
is
a
lot
of
work,
until
recently,
good
databases
did
not
exist;
grant
funders
were
not
pushing
for
sharing;
it
has
been
difficult
to
agree
on
standards
for
formatting
data,
and
there
is
no
agreed
way
to
assign
credit
for
data.
?
But
the
5
are
disappearing
in
part
because
journals
and
funding
agencies
worldwide
are
encouraging
scientists
to
make
their
data
6 .
Last
year,
the
Royal
Society
in
London
said
in
its
report
that
scientists
need
to.
“ 7
a
research
culture
where
data
is
viewed
as
private
preserve.
”Funding
agencies
note
that
data
paid
for
with
public
money
should
be
public
information,
and
the
scientific
community
is
recognizing
that
data
can
now
be
shared
online
in
ways
that
were
not
possible
before.
To
match
the
growing
demand,
services
are
springing
up
to
make
it
easier
to
publish
research
products
8
and
enable
other
researchers
to
discover
and
cite
(引用)them.
?
Although
calls
to
share
data
often
concentrate
on
the
9
advantages
of
sharing,
the
practice
is
not
purely
beneficial
to
others.
Researchers
who
share
get
plenty
of
personal
benefits
including
more
connections
with
colleagues,
improved
10
and
increased
citations.
The
most
successful
sharers—those
whose
data
are
downloaded
and
cited
the
most
often—get
noticed,
and
their
work
gets
used.
11 ,
one
of
the
most
popular
data
sets
on
multidisciplinary
repository
Dryad
is
about
wood
density
around
the
world;
it
has
been
12
5700
times.
Co-author
Amy
Zanne
thinks
that
users
probably
range
from
climate-change
researchers
wanting
to
estimate
how
much
carbon
is
stored
in
biomass,
to
foresters
looking
for
information
on
different
grades
of
trees.
“I’d
much
prefer
to
have
my
date
used
by
the
13
number
of
people
to
as
their
own
questions,
”
she
says.
“It’s
important
to
allow
readers
and
reviewers
to
see
exactly
how
you
arrive
at
your
results.
Publishing
data
and
code
allows
your
science
to
be
14
.
”?
Even
people
whose
data
are
less
popular
can
benefit.
By
making
the
effort
to
organize
and
label
files
so
others
can
understand
them,
scientists
can
become
more
organized
and
better
disciplined
themselves,
thus
avoiding
15
later
on.
?
【文章大意】本文属于说明文,
公布自己的研究数据和成果正变得越来越流行,
这不仅对外界有好处,
而且对作者本人也有好处。
1.
A.
restricted
B.
reluctant
C.
desperate
D.
generous
【解析】选B。restricted限制的;
reluctant不情愿的;
desperate绝望的;
generous慷慨的。根据前一句可知,
尽管许多研究者都同意,
但是他们大多数还是不愿意将自己的劳动成果公布在网上。故选B。
2.
A.
accessing
B.
processing
C.
analyzing
D.
identifying
【解析】选A。accessing接近,
使用;
processing处理;
analyzing分析;
identifying确认。分析句子可知,
本句讲述天文学家可以直接使用这个望远镜观测的图像。故选A。
3.
A.
assumption
B.
mystery
C.
exception
D.
phenomenon
【解析】选C。assumption假设;
mystery谜;
exception例外;
phenomenon现象。根据本句not
the
rule可知,
这些情况都是例外。故选C。
4.
A.
longed
for
B.
appealed
to
C.
focused
on
D.
objected
to
【解析】选D。longed
for渴望;
appealed
to呼吁,
吸引;
focused
on关注;
objected
to反对。根据后文可知,
列举了很多科学家反对分享的原因。故选D。
5.
A.
symptoms
B.
barriers
C.
advantages
D.
consequences
【解析】选B。symptoms症状;
barriers障碍;
advantages优势;
consequences结果。根据后文可知,
期刊和资助机构正在鼓励科学家公开数据,
故障碍在消失。故选B。
6.
A.
controllable
B.
unique
C.
reliable
D.
public
【解析】选D。controllable可控制的;
unique唯一的;
reliable可靠的;
public公开的。根据文章可知,
此处指公开自己的数据。故选D。
7.
A.
shift
away
from
B.
end
up
with
C.
give
rise
to
D.
build
【解析】选A。shift
away
from转变;
end
up
with以……结束;
give
rise
to引起;
build创建。根据文章可知,
研究的文化在发生改变。故选A。
8.
A.
secret
B.
digitally
C.
ethically
D.
fairly
【解析】选B。secret秘密的;
digitally数字地;
ethically道德地;
fairly相当。根据文章可知,
越来越多的研究成果以数字版本出版。故选B。
9.
A.
material
B.
individual
C.
moral
D.
economic
【解析】选C。material材料;
individual个人;
moral道德的;
economic经济的。根据文章可知,
本句主要讲述呼吁公开研究数据的道德原因。故选C。
10.
A.
visibility
B.
awareness
C.
condition
D.
confidence
【解析】选A。visibility可见度;
awareness意识;
condition条件;
confidence信心。分享文章可知,
本句讲述公开数据对个人的好处。故选A。
11.
A.
On
the
contrary
B.
As
a
result
C.
For
example
D.
After
all
【解析】选C。On
the
contrary相反;
As
a
result因此;
For
example比如;
After
all毕竟。根据后文可知,
本句是前一句的举例说明。故选C。
12.
A.
downloaded
B.
updated
C.
optimized
D.
addressed
【解析】选A。downloaded下载;
updated更新;
optimized优化;
addressed做演讲。根据文章可知,
本句讲述最受欢迎的数据下载次数。故选A。
13.
A.
moderate
B.
maximum
C.
average
D.
estimate
【解析】选B。moderate温和的;
maximum最大的;
average平均的;
estimate估计。根据文章可知,
作者希望自己的数据能够帮助更多的人。故选B。
14.
A.
reversible
B.
profitable
C.
reproducible
D.
recognizable
【解析】选C。reversible可逆的;
profitable可盈利的;
reproducible可再生的;
recognizable可认出的。公开数据和代码结果能让你的科学研究衍生。故选C。
15.
A.
crisis
B.
confusion
C.
risk
D.
conflict
【解析】选B。crisis危机;
confusion混淆;
risk风险;
conflict冲突。根据本句可知,
公布研究数据有助于让科研者更有条理,
经受训练以避免之后的困惑。故选B。(共135张PPT)
Unit
4 Everyday
economics
Starting
out
&
Understanding
ideas
词汇积淀·素养初探
Ⅰ.
根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词
1.
Sweat
ran
down
her
________.
汗水从她的额头上流下来
2.
their
_____faces
他们木然的表情
3.
feel
_____
感到眩晕
4.
realize
the
________
意识到潜力
5.
___________young
people
有创业精神的年轻人
6.
the
initial
_____
起初阶段
7.
________my
product
购买我的产品
forehead
blank
dizzy
potential
enterprising
phase
purchase
8.
worldwide
___________systems
全球经销系统
9.
a
decent
______
可观的奖金
10.
seek
________
寻求指导
11.
an
expert
_________
专家顾问
distribution
bonus
guidance
consultant
Ⅱ.
选词填空
contribute
to,
dream
of,
most
of
all,
be
surrounded
by,
access
to,
as
to,
be
willing
to,
be
fond
of
1.
(2019·江苏高考)We
__________our
high
intelligence
so
that
we
assume
that
when
it
comes
to
brain
power,
more
must
be
better.
?
2.
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)We’ve
all
been
there:
in
a
lift,
in
line
at
the
bank
or
on
an
airplane,
_____________people
who
are,
like
us,
deeply
focused
on
their
smartphones
or,
worse,
struggling
with
the
uncomfortable
silence.
?
are
fond
of
surrounded
by
3.
If
we
are
in
the
habit
of
raising
doubts
____whether
what
we
are
told
is
true,
we
can
find
the
correct
answer
and
learn
more.
?
4.
He
did
not
compromise
easily,
but
____________accept
any
constructive
advice
for
a
worthy
cause.
?
5.
Now
Alia
waited
for
the
war
to
end
and
__________peace
and
a
new
library.
?
6.
It
was
really
annoying;
I
couldn’t
get
________the
data
bank
you
had
recommended.
?
as
to
was
willing
to
dreamed
of
access
to
7.
He
had
more
job
satisfaction,
a
better
marriage
and
was
healthier.
__________,
he
was
happier,
far
happier.
?
8.
(2018·江苏高考)Arts
____________cultural
development
when
people
gather
together
to
share
their
experience
and
renew
their
energy.
?
Most
of
all
contribute
to
阅读精研·素养构建
Ⅰ.
文本整体理解:
理清文章架构
general
situation
of
the
company
one
of
the
best
1.
____
products
in
Asia.
reasons
for
starting
a
business
ideal
conditions
for
growing
roses
experiencing
the
2.
________
of
being
her
own
boss
and
giving
something
3.
_____
to
her
home
town
challenges
getting
4.
__________
and
advice
and
persuading
people
to
5.
_____
for
her
rose
freedom
back
investment
work
advice
for
young
entrepreneurs
you
need
a
good
idea,
hard
work,
6.
_____________,
a
sound
business
plan,
7.
______________,
and
good
management
and
negotiating
skills.
Don’t
be
too
8.
_________.
Know
your
own
9.
_____
and
those
of
the
people
you
work
with
determination
access
to
capital
ambitious
limits
Ⅱ.
文本细节理解:
探寻语篇细节信息
1.
What
is
the
main
idea
of
this
passage?
A.
How
to
grow
roses?
B.
How
to
start
a
new
business?
C.
A
girl’s
business
blossoms
in
growing
roses.
D.
How
to
face
obstacles?
2.
Which
words
can
best
describe
Zhang
Yue?
A.
nervous
and
humourous.
B.
determined
and
enterprising.
C.
concerned
and
grateful.
D.
realistic
and
pessimistic.
3.
What
can
we
infer
from
Para.
1?
A.
With
butterflies
in
her
stomach,
Zhang
Yue
gave
a
presentation.
B.
After
success,
she
accepted
the
interview.
C.
The
four
people
gave
no
advice
to
her.
D.
Zhang
Yue
was
a
green
finger.
4.
Which
isn’t
the
reason
for
Zhang
Yue
starting
a
business
in
her
home
town?
A.
Ideal
conditions
for
growing
roses.
B.
Experiencing
the
freedom
of
being
her
own
boss.
C.
Giving
back
to
her
home
town.
D.
Finding
an
ideal
job
is
hard
abroad.
5.
What
is
the
main
purpose
of
the
passage?
A.
To
introduce
the
main
reasons
why
young
people
choose
to
start
their
own
business.
B.
To
analyse
the
pros
and
cons
of
young
people
starting
their
own
business.
C.
To
encourage
all
young
people
to
start
their
own
business
after
graduation.
D.
To
help
young
people
think
more
realistically
before
starting
their
own
business.
答案:
1～5.
CBADD
Ⅲ.
文本素养提升:
阅读技能综合运用
1.
根据课文语境与语句知识细致解构语句。
(1)She
couldn’t,
however,
hide
the
line
of
sweat
running
down
her
forehead(分词
作定语),
which
was
caused
partly
by
the
heat
of
the
television
studio(which引导的
非限制性定语从句),
but
more
by
fear
of
the
four
people
seated
in
front
of
her.
?
译文:
然而,
她无法掩饰____________________________________________,更
多的是因为害怕坐在她前面的四个人。
额头上流淌的汗水,
部分是由于电视演播室的高温
(2)The
biggest
challenge
at
the
initial
phase
was
to
persuade
people
to
work
for
me(to
do
不定式作表语),
which
was
totally
outside
my
experience(which引导的非
限制性定语从句).
?
译文:
在最初阶段,
最大的挑战是______________________________________。
(3)Seeing
her
peers(分词作状语表时间)who
also
dream
of
success
and
independence(who引导的定语从句),
Zhang
has
mixed
feelings.
?
译文:
_________________________________,
张喜忧参半。
说服人们为我工作,
这完全超出了我的经验
看到同样梦想着成功和独立的同龄人
2.
阅读主题活动。
(1)What
do
you
think
has
contributed
to
Zhang
Yue’s
success?
Her
sound
business
plan,
passion
and
devotion.
The
support
from
more
experienced
people,
such
as
investment
and
guidance.
?
(2)Have
you
ever
thought
about
starting
your
own
business?
Give
your
reasons.
Yes,
because
I
can
experience
the
freedom
of
being
my
own
boss
just
like
Zhang
Yue
and
I
can
apply
what
I
have
learnt
to
practice.
?
要点精研·素养奠基
1.
take
a
deep
breath深吸一口气
Feeling
dizzy,
Zhang
Yue
took
a
deep
breath
as
she
struggled
to
finish
her
presentation.
感到头晕的张月深吸了一口气,
努力完成她的演讲。
Vic
told
me
that
he
could
hold
his
breath
for
more
than
two
minutes
underwater.
维克跟我说他可以在水中憋气超过两分钟。
The
best
activities
for
stamina
are
fairly
energetic;
they
need
to
get
you
slightly
out
of
breath.
最能够锻炼耐力的是那些需要一定体能、能让人呼吸稍感急促的活动。
If
you
run
very
fast,
you
may
lose
your
breath.
如果你跑得很快,
你可能会喘不过气来。
We
have
to
breathe
in
and
out
so
many
times
a
minute.
每分钟我们都得呼吸那么多次。
【语块积累】
hold
one’s
breath
屏住呼吸
out
of
breath
上气不接下气
lose
one’s
breath
喘不过气来
breathe
in
吸气;
吸入(气体)
breathe
out
呼气;
呼出(气体)
【即学活用】
语法填空。
(1)We
lifted
our
heads
to
breathe
__
the
fresh,
clear
air.
(2)Her
lips
parted
as
if
she
were
about
to
take
__
deep
breath.
(3)He
held
his
______
(breathe)while
the
results
were
read
out.
in
a
breath
2.
potential
n.
(事物的)潜力,
可能性 adj.
潜在的
It
was
only
after
graduating
from
university
overseas
and
returning
to
visit
her
parents
that
he
realised
the
potential.
直到在海外大学毕业,
回国看望父母后,
他才意识到了这种潜力。
(2019·天津高考)Anyone
can
calculate
their
biological
age,
identify
potential
risks
and
take
steps
to
improve
their
own
health
in
the
long
run.
任何人都可以计算自己的生物年龄,
识别潜在风险,
并采取措施改善自己的长期健康状况。
The
company
in
the
charge
of
the
chairwoman
certainly
has
the
potential
for
growth.
由女会长掌管的那家公司肯定有发展潜力。
词汇复现
Numerous
patients
didn’t
realize
the
potential
risks
to
health
associated
with
the
drug.
大量的病人没有意识到这种药物对健康的潜在危害。
词汇复现
【语块积累】
the
potential
of
(doing)sth.
(做)某事的可能性/潜力
have
the
potential
to
do
sth.
有潜力做某事
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空。
①People
who
do
not
smoke
have
less
potential
__
suffering
from
lung
cancer
than
those
who
smoke.
②He
has
the
potential
__
be
appointed
as
manager
this
year.
(2)Considering
that
Frank
didn’t
_____________________the
important
work
well,
the
boss
fired
him.
?
考虑到富兰克没有做好这份重要工作的潜力,
老板开除了他。
of
to
have
the
potential
to
do
3.
enterprising
adj.
有创业精神的;
有事业心的;
有进取心的
All
over
the
world,
an
increasing
number
of
enterprising
young
people
are
thinking
of
starting
their
own
businesses,
as
the
growing
economy
creates
more
opportunities.
在世界各地,
越来越多有进取心的年轻人正在考虑创业,
因为经济增长创造了更多的机会。
There
are
plenty
of
small
industrial
enterprises.
有许多小型工业企业。
The
trainee
didn’t
anticipated
that
he
would
get
a
job
in
which
enterprise
was
rewarded.
?
这个实习生没有预料到他会得到一个对事业进取精神有回报的工作。词汇复现
He
was
eager
to
return
to
a
more
entrepreneurial
role
in
which
he
had
a
big
financial
stake
in
his
own
efforts.
他渴望回到一个更多参与创业的角色,
那样他所付出的努力会与自己的经济利益息息相关。
【语块积累】
enterprise
n.
公司;
企业;
事业(心);
进取心;
创业精神
entrepreneurial
adj.
创业的;
具有创业精神的
【即学活用】
(1)写出下列句子中的画线部分的汉语释义。
①Debra
is
a
very
enterprising
young
black
businesswoman
who
is
involved
in
a
lot
of
activities.
(
)
②The
couple
have
been
working
in
the
small
and
medium-sized
enterprise
ever
since
they
graduated.
(
)
③Researchers
pay
attention
to
individual
behavior
as
well
as
entrepreneurial
team.
(
)
有事业心的
企业
创业的
(2)The
employees
working
in
this
_________
are
___________.
在这家企业工作的员工有进取心。
enterprise
enterprising
4.
purchase
v.
购买 n.
购买;
购买的东西
If
you
are
not
satisfied
with
your
purchase
we
will
give
you
a
full
refund.
所购之物若不合意,
我们将全额退款。
Most
of
those
shares
were
purchased
from
brokers.
大部分的股份是从经纪人手中购得的。
I
need
to
get
a
purchase
order
for
a
marketing
campaign.
我需要拿一张订购单,
为一个营销活动采购。
The
shepherd
living
in
a
temple
has
some
purchases
to
make
in
town.
?
住在寺庙的这个牧羊人要去城里买些东西。词汇复现
【语块积累】
(1)purchase
sth.
for
sb.
为某人买某物
purchase
sth.
for+money
买某物花多少钱
purchase
sth.
from
从……购买某物
(2)the
purchase
of
对……的购买
(3)purchaser
n.
购买人;
采购员;
买主
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空。
①Among
his
_________
(purchase)were
several
tins
of
beans.
②With
the
Spring
Festival
approaching,
train
tickets
must
____________
(purchase)two
weeks
in
advance.
?
(2)用purchase进行同义句转换。
He
paid
￥
200,
000
for
his
new
car.
=_____________________________________?
purchases
be
purchased
He
purchased
his
new
car
for
￥
200,
000.
5.
consultant
n.
顾问
Our
company
didn’t
have
a
specialist,
so
we
hired
a
consultant.
我们的公司没有一位专家,
所以我们聘用了一位顾问。
It
is
recommended
that
you
should
consult
your
doctor.
建议你去咨询医生。
If
you
have
no
idea
about
it,
consult
a
dictionary,
please.
要是你对这个问题不清楚,
请你查字典。
Before
firing
the
new
employee,
the
manager
consulted
with
the
board
about
it.
经理在解雇那名新员工之前和董事会商议过。
【语块积累】
consult
v.
请教;
咨询;
查阅
consult
(with)sb.
about
sth.
就某事向某人咨询;
与某人商量某事
【巧学助记】语境助记consult
She
is
consulting
with
her
deskmate
whether
to
consult
their
teacher
or
to
consult
a
dictionary
on
the
question.
关于这个问题,
她正和同桌商议是请教老师还是查阅词典。
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空。
①Tom
consulted
____
his
brother
on
his
plan.
②His
work
as
a
_________
(consult)consisted
in
advising
foreign
companies
on
the
siting
of
new
factories.
(2)根据语境猜测词义。
①Shirley’s
brother
is
now
a
consultant
heart
surgeon
in
Sweden.
(
)
②
Consult
the
chart
on
page
44
for
the
correct
cooking
times.
(
)
③Everybody
likes
to
consult
with
him
about
their
problems;
large
or
small.
(
)
with
consultant
顾问
查阅
商议
6.
access
to
接近,
去……的通路,
使用……的机会(权利)
What
really
matters
is
a
sound
business
plan,
access
to
capital,
and
good
management
and
negotiating
skills.
真正重要的是一个健全的商业计划,
资金的获取,
以及良好的管理和谈判技巧。
The
only
access
to
the
farmhouse
is
across
the
fields.
去那间农舍的唯一道路是穿过田野。
Villagers
say
the
fence
would
restrict
public
access
to
the
hills.
村民们说这个围栏将限制公众进入山区。
They
now
have
access
to
the
mass
markets
of
Japan
and
the
UK.
他们现在进入了日本和英国的大众市场。
The
country
has
no
access
to
foreign
loans
or
financial
aid.
该国得不到任何外国贷款或经济援助。
【语块积累】
(1)have/get/gain/obtain
access
to.
.
.
可以接近/会见/进入……
(2)accessible
adj.
可进入的;
可使用的
be
accessible
to
可进入……;
可使用……;
易接近……
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空。
①(2018·江苏高考)Kids
shouldn’t
have
access
__
violent
films
because
they
might
imitate
the
things
they
see.
②All
the
sites
are
free
to
the
public
and
_________
(access)to
anyone
with
an
Internet
connection.
③Fallen
rocks
cut
off
the
only
______
to
the
village,
so
it
is
not
_________
to
outside
now.
(access)
to
accessible
access
accessible
(2)一句多译。
住在这里的人可以免费去那个游泳池。
①___________________________________________________.
(access)?
②______________________________________________________.
(accessible)?
People
living
here
get
access
to
that
swimming
pool
for
free
People
living
here
are
accessible
to
that
swimming
pool
for
free
7.
They
stared
back,
their
blank
faces
giving
no
clue
as
to
what
they
would
say
next.
?
他们回望着我,
脸上毫无表情,
不知道接下来要说什么。
【句式解构】句子中
their
blank
faces
giving
no
clue
为“逻辑主语+
现在分词”的独立主格结构。独立主格结构的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致,
它独立存在。
Head
down,
eyes
on
my
smartphone,
I
stepped
into
the
road
and
a
car
shot
past,
missing
me
by
centimeters.
我低着头,
眼睛盯着智能手机,
走到马路上,
一辆车飞驰而过,
离我差了几厘米。
Mary
has
written
two
novels
,
both
of
them
having
been
made
into
television
series.
玛丽已经写了两部小说,
都被拍成了电视剧。
All
the
tickets
sold
when
they
arrived,
they
went
away,
disappointed.
当他们到达的时候,
票都卖光了,
他们失望地走开了。
【名师点津】独立主格结构
该结构一般作状语,
表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等,
常见的独立主格结构是:
(1)名词/代词+
名词
(2)名词/代词+
形容词/副词/介词短语
(3)名词/代词+
现在分词/
过去分词/
不定式
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空。
①Lots
of
work
_____(do),
I
have
to
stay
at
home
all
day.
?
②Then
she
leapt
backwards,
back
______
(arch)and
fur
on
end,
tail
held
out
stiffly.
(2)①我手里拿着剑跟着他。
_______________________________.
?
②The
human
body
is
composed
of
organs,
___________________________(每一
个都有特定的工作去做).
?
to
do
arched
I
followed
him
here,
sword
in
hand
each
having
a
definite
job
to
do
(3)句型转换。
The
trees
there
are
extremely
tall,
and
some
measures
over
90
meters.
→The
trees
there
are
extremely
tall,
some
__________
over
90
meters.
measuring
8.
It
was
only
then
that
the
locals
began
to
believe
me.
?
直到那时,
当地人才开始相信我。
【句式解构】本句为强调句型,
强调的是时间状语“then”。
These
things
were
real,
and
it
was
within
their
reality
that
Cunningham
saw
both
beauty
and
potential.
这些都是真实的,
坎宁安在他们的真实中看到了美和潜力。
Mary
feeds
the
dog
every
morning
at
8
a.
m.
玛丽每天早晨8点喂狗。
(1)强调主语Mary:
It
is
Mary
who/that
feeds
the
dog
every
morning
at
8
a.
m.
.
(2)强调宾语
the
dog:
It
is
the
dog
that
Mary
feeds
every
morning
at
8
a.
m.
.
(3)强调状语①强调时间:
It
is
every
morning
at
8
a.
m.
that
Mary
feeds
the
dog.
②强调地点:
It
is
in
the
garden
that
Mary
feeds
the
dog
every
morning
at
8
a.
m.
.
Mary是在花园里喂的狗。注意不能用where代替
that,
同样,
如果强调时间状语,
不能使用when。
【名师点津】强调句型知多少
(1)强调句型中的it
不能用其他词代替。
(2)用is
还是was
要根据原句的时态而定:
属于现在或将来时间范畴的所有时态用is;
属于过去时间范畴的所有时态用was。
(3)被强调部分指人时,
可以用who
代替that,
其他情况一律用that。如果强调时间状语不能用
when
代替
that,
同样,
如果强调地点状语,
不能使用
where。
(4)判断句子是否为强调句型的方法:
去掉it
is/was
与that/who,
剩余部分若结构完整、句意明确,
则为强调句型,
否则就不是。
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空。
①You
are
waiting
at
a
wrong
place.
It
is
at
the
hotel
____
the
coach
picks
up
tourists.
②
__
is
my
father
that/who
will
have
a
face-to-face
talk
with
me.
③It
was
when
I
got
back
to
my
apartment
____
I
first
came
across
my
new
neighbors.
④It
was
because
of
their
help
____
a
disaster
was
avoided.
(2)父母关心的是孩子的安全。(强调宾语)
______________________
parents
are
concerned
about.
?
that
It
that
that
It
is
children’s
safety
that
【要点拾遗】
1.
distribution
n.
(商品的)分销,
经销;
分配;
分布;
分发;
分送
After
I
went
on
TV,
a
major
Asian
manufacture
of
cosmetics
was
willing
to
purchase
my
product
and
help
with
its
distribution.
我上电视后,
一家亚洲主要化妆品制造商愿意购买我的产品并帮助其分销。
Some
of
the
victims
are
complaining
loudly
about
the
uneven
distribution
of
emergency
aid.
其中一些灾民大声地抱怨紧急援助物资分配不均。
The
key
focus
of
the
marketing
mix
will
be
on
price
and
distribution.
营销组合的重点将放在价格与配送上。
The
organization
distributed
food
to
the
earthquake
victims.
这个机构向地震灾民分发了食品。
【语块积累】
distribute
v.
分发;
分配;
分销;
使散开;
使分布;
分散
distribute.
.
.
among.
.
.
在……之间分发……
【即学活用】语法填空。
(1)The
map
shows
the
___________
(distribute)of
this
species
across
the
world.
(2)The
money
was
distributed
______
schools
in
the
area.
distribution
among
2.
guidance
n.
指导;
引导;
导航
She
advises
that
people
be
realistic
and
seek
guidance
from
expert
consultants
before
rushing
into
things.
她建议人们实事求是,
在仓促行事之前,
先征求专家顾问的意见。
The
guidance
systems
didn’t
work
and
the
missile
couldn’t
hit
its
target.
导航系统失灵,
导弹未能命中目标。
We
hired
a
local
guide
to
get
us
across
the
mountains.
我们雇了一名当地人做向导带领我们翻山越岭。
She
guided
us
through
the
busy
streets
to
the
cathedral.
她带领我们穿过繁忙的街道去大教堂。
【语块积累】
guide
n.
指南;
导游,
向导
vt.
指导;
引路
under
one’s
guidance
在某人的指导下
【即学活用】
完成句子。
(1)________________________(在他姐姐的指导下),
he
completed
my
project.
?
(2)When
the
meeting
was
over,
the
secretary
______________________(带领这名
新员工到)the
manager’s
office.
?
(3)There
is
___________(一名导游)
on
every
bus.
?
(4)The
stranger
_________________(带领我穿过)the
noisy
street.
?
Under
his
sister’s
guidance
guided
the
new
worker
to
a
tour
guide
guided
me
through
3.
A
few,
like
Zhang
Yue,
find
themselves
lucky
enough
to
get
investment
and
the
all-important
input
and
support
from
more
experienced
business
people.
?
像张月这样的少数人发现自己很幸运,
能够从拥有更多经验的商人那里获得投资和重要的投入和支持。
【句式解构】本句为“find
+
宾语+宾语补足语”结构,
表示“发现……处于某种状态”。
Mary
hurried
there,
only
to
find
them
out.
玛丽匆匆赶到那里,
结果却发现他们都出去了。
When
he
woke
up,
he
found
himself
in
hospital.
当他醒来时,
发现自己在医院里。
I
found
a
number
of
people
already
working
there.
我发现很多人已经在那里工作了。
The
old
man
found
his
hometown
much
changed.
这位老人发现自己的家乡有了很大的变化。
【名师点津】
“find+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,
表示“发现……处于某种状态”,
宾语补足语可由名词/形容词/副词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词充当。若宾语与宾语补足语之间为主动关系,
要用doing作宾语补足语,
若为被动关系,
则用done。
类似的能接名词/形容词/副词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词作宾语补足语的还有:
keep/leave/+宾语+宾语补足语 使.
.
.
……处于某状态
with+宾语+宾语补足语,
宾语补足语还可以用to
do表示动作尚未发生。
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空。
①We
went
home,
finding
our
pet
dog
_____
(fix)its
eyes
on
an
insect.
②To
improve
our
linguistic
skills,
many
of
us
have
to
endure
hours
of
school
lessons
or
evening
classes,
with
our
heads
______
(bury)
in
textbooks.
?
(2)You
will
_____________________.
?
你会发现她是一个漂亮的女孩。
(3)The
cup
________________.
?
杯子被发现破了。
fixing
buried
find
her
a
beautiful
girl
was
found
broken
4.
She
advises
that
people
be
realistic
and
seek
guidance
from
expert
consultants
before
rushing
into
things.
她建议人们实事求是,
在仓促行事之前,
先征求专家顾问的意见。?
【句式解构】此句为advise后跟从句用虚拟语气即“(should+)动词原形”。
【名师点津】
后跟名词性从句,
从句谓语用“(should+)动词原形”的动词:
一个“坚持”(insist);
两道“命令”(order,
command);
四条“建议”(suggest,
propose,
advise,
recommend);
四点“要求”(demand,
desire,
request,
ask)。
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空。
①The
workers
in
the
factory
demanded
that
their
pay
________(raise)
by
20
percent.
?
②He
advised
his
grandma
that
she
____________(make)good
use
of
her
spare
time.
(2)The
doctor
demanded
that
Mary
____________________________________
____
(在工作和玩耍之间保持平衡).
?
be
raised
(should)make
(should)keep
a
balance
between
work
and
play
【一语闻天下】
1.
The
Mini
AI
Teacher
with
support
for
offline
translations
will
be
available
for
purchase
with
a
starting
price
of
499RMB.
这款迷你AI老师起售价499元人民币,
支持离线翻译。
2.
More
than
20,
000
Facebook
employees
had
searchable
access
to
those
accounts.
The
investigation
is
ongoing,
but
already
the
company
has
found
vulnerable
data
that
dates
back
to
2012,
writes
Krebs.
超过2万名Facebook员工可以搜索访问这些账户。这项调查仍在进行中,
但是该公司已经发现了可以追溯到2012年的易受攻击的数据,
克雷布斯写道。
3.
Lockdowns
have
been
a
controversial
aspect
of
the
COVID-19
pandemic.
Yes,
they
undoubtedly
save
lives,
but
they
also
cause
major
ongoing
economic
issues—disrupting
industries,
causing
job
losses
and
associated
financial
pain.
新冠疫情期间的居家隔离饱受争议。毫无疑问,
居家隔离能挽救生命,
但也会造成重大经济问题,
各行各业停摆,
造成失业和相关经济损失。
4.
The
final
result
is
a
calorie-free
sweetener
without
many
of
the
concerns
of
both
sugar
and
other
sugar
substitutes.
最终获得的甜味剂不含热量,
省去了对糖和糖替代品的诸多担忧。
课时检测·素养达标
Ⅰ.
单句语法填空
1.
You
need
a
password
to
get
access
__
the
computer
system.
2.
They
advise
that
a
passport
_________(carry)with
you
at
all
times.
?
3.
She
opened
the
box
and
looked
at
her
_________
(purchase),
which
were
appealing.
4.
If
a
cook
is
found
________
(smoke),
he
will
be
fired.
to
be
carried
purchases
smoking
5.
It
was
not
what
he
said
but
what
he
did
____
had
an
effect
on
me.
6.
Our
eyes
_____
(fix)on
her,
she
came
in,
with
butterflies
in
her
stomach.
7.
The
company
has
gradually
expanded
its
___________
(distribute)network
to
include
Canada
and
Mexico.
that
fixed
distribution
Ⅱ.
句型转换
1.
We
came
to
this
small
town,
hoping
to
live
a
simple
life.
=We
came
to
this
small
town
____________
living
a
simple
life.
(介词短语作状语)?
2.
I
find
that
he
is
willing
to
learn
English.
=I
find
__________to
learn
English.
(find+宾语+宾语补足语)?
3.
The
minister
advised
him
to
leave
as
soon
as
possible.
=The
minister
advised
_________________
as
soon
as
possible.
(虚拟语气)?
in
the
hope
of
him
willing
that
he
should
leave
4.
Because
the
water
had
risen,
they
could
not
cross
the
river.
(转化成强调句型
)
_____________________________________________________________
5.
In
the
presence
of
so
many
people
he
was
little
tense,
and
it
was
understandable.
(which引导非限制性定语从句)
_______________________________________________________
______________?
It
was
because
the
water
had
risen
that
they
could
not
cross
the
river.
?
In
the
presence
of
so
many
people
he
was
little
tense,
which
was
understandable.
Ⅲ.
完成句子
1.
Their
room
was
on
the
third
floor,
its
window
__________________________.
?
他们的房间在第三层楼上,
窗户俯视着操场。
2.
______________________,
he
still
made
the
same
mistake.
?
他被批评了很多次,
但还是犯了同样的错误。
3.
_______________________________
I
knew
the
truth.
?
只是在他告诉了我之后,
我才知道这个真相。
overlooking
the
sports
ground
Criticized
for
many
times
It
was
only
after
he
had
told
me
that
4.
When
you
see
a
studio
quality
photo,
______________
and
do
some
more
nvestigations.
?
当你看到工作室质量的照片,
退后一步,
做更多的调查。
5.
He
changed
his
mind
again,
_____________________.
?
他又改变了主意,
这使我们大家都生气了。
take
a
step
back
which
made
us
all
angry
Ⅳ.
结合课文主题使用本单元词汇与句型,
根据提示写一篇50词左右的短文
。
1.
有许多年轻的创业者梦想着成功和独立。(dream
of
)
2.
但我建议,
他们应该实事求是,
在急于求成之前先向专家顾问寻求指导。(advise的虚拟语气/rush
into)
3.
最重要的是,
不要太有野心,
要为一路上的挑战做好准备。(advice的虚拟语气/名词性从句)
4.
我认为这些建议有助于他们成功。(contribute
to)
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
There
are
many
young
entrepreneurs
dreaming
of
success
and
independence.
But
I
advise
that
they
should
be
realistic
and
seek
guidance
from
expert
consultants
before
rushing
into
things.
The
most
important
advice
is
that
they
shouldn’t
be
too
ambitious
and
be
prepared
for
the
challenges
along
the
way.
I
think
these
tips
can
contribute
to
their
success.
?
课时素养评价
十 Unit
4 Starting
out
&
Understanding
ideas
【语用训练】
Ⅰ.
单句语法填空
1.
The
men
lay
sick
on
the
deck,
rubbing
fevered
chests
and
_________(forehead).
2.
She
took
out
the
plate,
stared
_______(blank)at
the
dried-up
food
on
it,
and
tipped
it
into
the
bin.
3.
Kids
on
the
edge
of
the
merry-go-round
(旋转木马)are
experiencing
greater
force,
and
therefore
are
getting
______(dizzy)
than
those
at
the
center.
foreheads
blankly
dizzier
4.
But
we
found
48
women
running
big
companies
as
chief
executives
or
___________(chairwoman)
throughout
the
world,
up
from
35
last
year.
5.
The
company
has
identified
60
________(potent)customers.
6.
I
dare
not
believe
that
I
am
a
talent,
but
I
believe
that
my
fighting
spirit
and
___________(enterprise)
spirit.
7.
An
assessment
of
the
welfare
system
would
involve
careful
study
of
its
______
(input)
and
outputs.
chairwomen
potential
enterprising
inputs
8.
Steam,
water
and
ice
constitute
the
three
______(phase)
of
the
same
matter.
9.
This
kind
of
the
tree
has
a
very
wide
___________(distribute)
in
this
area.
10.
I
hope
that
my
______________(entrepreneur)
experience
inspires
you.
phases
distribution
entrepreneurial
Ⅱ.
选词填空
contribute
to;
as
to;
dream
of;
most
of
all;
be
surrounded
by;
be
willing
to
1.
We
have
achieved
what
our
forefathers
never
even
__________.
?
2.
Fresh
air
and
exercise
can
____________good
health.
?
3.
__________,
she
learned
to
be
self-reliant.
?
4.
_____your
final
grade,
that
depends
on
your
final
examination.
?
5.
If
you
____________sell,
we’ll
buy.
?
6.
He
_________________reporters
who
had
been
lying
in
wait
for
him.
?
dreamed
of
contribute
to
Most
of
all
As
to
are
willing
to
was
surrounded
by
Ⅲ.
课文语法填空
The
programme—Young
start-ups
had
an
interview
1.
____Zhang
Yue,
chairwoman
of
Rose
Valley
Co.
,
Ltd.
Firstly,
she
introduced
the
general
situation
of
the
company.
It
was
one
of
the
best
rose
producers
in
Asia
and
a
major
Asian
manufacturer
of
cosmetics
was
willing
2.
__________(purchase)
her
products
and
help
with
its
distribution.
Then,
she
told
us
the
reason
why
she
3.
______
(start)
a
business
in
her
hometown.
Not
only
were
conditions
ideal
in
her
hometown
for
growing
roses
4.
___
also
she
wanted
to
give
something
back
to
her
hometown.
Most
importantly.
She
wanted
to
experience
the
freedom
of
being
her
own
boss.
with
to
purchase
started
but
5.
________,
on
the
way
to
success
she
met
with
many
obstacles,
the
biggest
of
6.
______was
to
persuade
people
to
work
for
her.
Finally,
she
gave
some
advice
for
young
entrepreneurs.
On
one
hand,
they
should
be
realistic
and
seek
7.
________
(guide)from
expert
consultants
before
rushing
into
things.
On
8.
___other
hand,
they
need
more
than
a
good
idea,
hard
work
and
determination.
9.
_____really
matters
is
a
sound
business
plan,
access
to
capital,
and
good
management
and
negotiating
skills.
Most
of
all,
don’t
be
too
10.
_________(ambition).
They
should
know
their
own
limits
and
those
of
the
people
they
work
with.
?
However
which
guidance
the
What
ambitious
完成句子
1.
My
cousin
went
to
Shenzhen,
______________________.
?
我表兄去了深圳,
希望在那儿找份工作。(现在分词作状语)
2.
___________________,
Nadia
had
only
two
years
of
schooling.
由于出生于贫
寒家庭,
纳迪亚只上过两年学。(过去分词作状语)?
3.
_________________________all
this
happened.
?
所有这一切发生在周一晚上。(It
is/was+被强调的部分+that/who+原句其他部分)
hoping
to
find
a
job
there
Born
in
a
poor
family
It
was
on
Monday
night
that
4.
She
tore
up
my
photos,
______________.
她撕碎了我的照片,
这使我很难过。
(which引导非限制性定语从句)?
5.
We
advise
that
___________________________.
?
我们建议立即采取措施。(advise
虚拟语气)
which
upset
me
steps
(should)
be
taken
at
once
【主题阅读】
Ⅰ.
阅读理解
A
(2021·包头高二检测)
Having
a
smart
phone
may
not
be
as
smart
as
you
think.
They
may
let
you
surf
the
Internet,
listen
to
music
and
take
photos
wherever
you
are.
.
.
but
they
also
turn
you
into
a
workaholic(工作狂),
it
seems.
A
study
suggests
that,
by
giving
you
access
to
emails
at
all
times,
the
smart
phone
adds
as
much
as
two
hours
to
your
working
day.
Experts
found
that
British
people
work
an
additional
460
hours
a
year
on
average
as
they
are
able
to
respond
to
emails
on
their
mobiles.
The
study
shows
the
average
UK
working
day
is
between
9
and
10
hours,
but
2
more
hours
is
spent
responding
to
or
sending
work
emails,
or
making
work
calls.
Almost
one
in
ten
admits
spending
up
to
three
hours
outside
their
normal
working
day
checking
work
emails.
Some
workers
say
they
are
on
call
almost
24
hours
a
day.
Nearly
two-thirds
say
they
often
check
work
emails
just
before
they
go
to
bed
and
as
soon
as
they
wake
up,
while
over
a
third
have
replied
to
one
in
the
middle
of
the
night.
The
average
time
for
first
checking
emails
is
between
6
a.
m
and
7
a.
m,
with
more
than
a
third
checking
their
first
email
in
the
period,
and
a
quarter
checking
them
between
11p.
m.
and
midnight.
Ghadi
Hobeika,
marketing
director
of
Pixmania,
said:
“The
ability
to
access
millions
of
Apps
has
made
smart
phone
invaluable
for
many
people.
However,
there
are
disadvantages.
Many
companies
expect
their
employees
to
be
on
call
24
hours
a
day,
seven
days
a
week,
and
smart
phones
mean
that
people
cannot
get
away
from
work.
The
more
frequently
in
contact
we
become,
the
more
is
expected
of
us
in
a
work
capacity.
”
【文章大意】这篇文章主要介绍了使用智能手机也许并不像你想的那样明智。使用智能手机可以让你随时随地上网、听音乐、拍照片,
但也可能让你变成工作狂。最新调查显示,
智能手机能让你随时查收邮件,
这可能会让你每天的工作时间延长多达两个小时。
1.
With
a
smart
phone
the
average
UK
working
day
is______.
?
A.
11
to
12
hours
B.
9
to
10
hours
C.
8
hours
D.
2
hours
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据文章第二段的The
study
shows
the
average
UK
working
day
is
between
9
and
10
hours,
but
2
more
hours
is
spent
responding
to
or
sending
work
emails,
or
making
work
calls.
可知英国的平均工作日工作时间为9至10个小时,
但使用智能手机会延长到11至12小时,
故选A。
2.
We
can
learn
from
the
text
that
the
British
people______.
?
A.
prefer
to
check
emails
in
the
morning
B.
are
crazy
about
different
smart
phone
C.
work
more
hours
with
smart
phones
D.
shorten
their
normal
working
hours
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文章第二段的A
study
suggests
that,
by
giving
you
access
to
emails
at
all
times,
the
smart
phone
adds
as
much
as
two
hours
to
your
working
day.
可知,
有了智能手机,
英国人工作时间更长,
故选C。
3.
What
does
the
underlined
word
“invaluable”
mean?
A.
Useless.
B.
Necessary.
C.
Expensive.
D.
Cheap.
【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段画线词后两句可知,
此处表转折,
表示“智能手机”也有缺点,
许多公司希望他们的员工能够每天24小时随时等待电话通知,
智能手机使得人们无法从工作中抽身。从而可以猜测出画线词之前的内容在讲智能手机的优点。故此处invaluable表达“极为重要的”之意,
故选B。
4.
What
does
Ghadi
Hobeika
feel
about
smart
phones?
A.
They
are
unimportant
for
most
of
people.
B.
They
have
disadvantages
for
some
companies.
C.
They
are
useful
to
improve
a
work
ability.
D.
They
make
it
impossible
for
people
to
rest.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据文章最后一段However,
there
are
disadvantages.
Many
companies
expect
their
employees
to
be
on
call
24
hours
a
day,
seven
days
a
week,
and
smart
phones
mean
that
people
cannot
get
away
from
work.
The
more
frequently
in
contact
we
become,
the
more
is
expected
of
us
in
a
work
capacity.
可知,
Ghadi
Hobeika认为智能手机让人们很难得到休息,
故选D。
B
(2021·十堰高二检测)
Economists
have
studied
how
markets
work
for
a
long
time.
Generally,
they
work
well.
But
markets
do
not
always
perform
as
expected.
Jean
Tirole
of
France
won
the
Nobel
Prize
in
Economics
for
studying
why
markets
are
imperfect,
or
inefficient,
and
what
governments
can
do
to
regulate
them.
The
Nobel
prize
committee
announced
the
$1.
1
million
prize
in
Stockholm
to
Jean
Tirole.
It
called
Mr
Tirole“one
of
the
most
influential
economists
of
our
time”.
The
organization
said
he
had
done
important
research
in
a
number
of
areas.
But
it
said,
“most
of
all
he
has
clarified
how
to
understand
and
regulate
industries
with
only
a
few
powerful
firms.
”
Mr
Tirole
works
at
the
Toulouse
School
of
Economics
in
Toulouse,
France.
He
is
61
years
old.
For
about
30
years,
Mr
Tirole
has
researched
periods
when
markets
failed,
that
is,
when
they
did
not
provide
good
results
in
price
and
competition.
He
looked
at
how
a
small
number
of
large
companies,
or
even
a
single
company,
can
strongly
influence
industries.
Banking
and
telecommunications
were
among
the
industries
he
studied.
The
Nobel
committee
said
that
unregulated
markets
often
produce
socially
undesirable
results.
They
can
result
in
higher
prices
or
companies
that
use
their
market
position
to
block
others.
The
committee
said
it
chose
Mr
Tirole
because
he
thought
about
how
best
to
regulate
markets.
For
example,
Tore
Ellingsen,
Chairman
of
the
committee
that
awards
the
economics
prize,
says
Mr
Tirole
showed
the
need
to
develop
better
rules
for
the
banking
industry.
This
became
urgent
after
the
world
financial
crisis
of
2008—2009.
The
economics
prize
is
called
the
Bank
of
Sweden
Prize
in
Economic
Sciences
in
Memory
of
Alflred
Nobel.
Alfred
Nobel
did
not
establish
the
prize.
It
was
first
presented
in
1969.
【文章大意】本文讲了法国的Jean
Tirole
赢得诺贝尔经济学奖的事。Jean
Tirole获得诺贝尔经济学奖是因为他研究了市场不完美、无效的原因以及政府如何做来调整市场。
5.
The
passage
tells
us
that
Jean
Tirole______.
?
A.
has
studied
the
economics
in
Sweden
B.
is
the
first
to
win
the
Nobel
Prize
in
Economics
C.
is
highly
praised
by
Chairman
of
the
committee
D.
has
made
regulations
for
large
companies
【解析】选C。
细节理解题。根据Tore
Ellingsen,
Chairman
of
the
committee
that
awards
the
economics
prize,
says
Mr
Tirole
showed
the
need
to
develop
better
rules
for
the
banking
industry.
可知,
诺贝尔委员会主席亲自颁发这一奖项给Jean
Tirole,
Tirole表明需要为银行业制定更好的规则。委员会主席非常赞赏他。故选C。
6.
What
can
we
learn
from
the
passage?
A.
Jean
Tirole’s
research
made
the
markets
imperfect
or
inefficient.
B.
Banking
and
telecommunications
are
strongly
influential
industries.
C.
The
world
financial
crisis
of
2008—2009
regulated
the
markets.
D.
Alfred
Nobel
was
unwilling
to
establish
economics
prize.
【解析】选B。
推理判断题。根据Banking
and
telecommunications
were
among
the
industries
he
studied.
可知,
银行和电信是他研究的行业,
说明银行和电信是影响较大的行业。2008—2009世界经济危机后银行业需要规范的情况最紧急;
Alfred
Nobel
did
not
establish
the
prize.
没有说不愿意。故选B。
7.
The
underlined
word“undesirable”in
Paragraph
4
can
best
be
replaced
by______.
?
A.
harmful
B.
unbelievable
C.
beneficial
D.
convincing
【解析】选A。
词义推测题。harmful有害的;
unbelievable不可信的;
beneficial有益的;
convincing有信服力的。undesirable所在的句子的意思是:
诺贝尔委员会说不受管制的市场往往产生不良的社会结果。下一句的意思是:
它们可能会导致更高的价格或有的公司利用其市场地位来限制其他公司。故选A。
8.
What
is
the
article
mainly
about?
A.
The
life
of
Jean
Tirole.
B.
The
research
of
Jean
Tirole.
C.
The
history
of
Nobel
Prize
in
Economics.
D.
Jean
Tirole
Wins
Nobel
Economics
Prize.
【解析】选D。
主旨大意题。本文主要讲了Jean
Tirole
赢得诺贝尔经济学奖的事。故选D。
Ⅱ.
阅读填句
How
to
Start
a
Business
Unemployment
rate
is
so
high
in
present
society
that
many
young
people
are
thinking
about
starting
their
own
business.
However,
setting
up
on
your
own
will
by
no
means
be
easy.
1 ?
Make
a
business
plan.
If
you
decide
to
start
a
business,
the
first
thing
you
must
do
is
to
draw
up
a
realistic
business
plan—this
is
a
working
document
that
describes
the
business,
its
objectives,
its
financial
forecasts
and
so
on.
2 ?
3 ?
Once
you
have
a
detailed
business
plan
and
enough
evidence
to
believe
that
your
idea
is
viable(可行的),
it
is
time
to
go
and
see
the
bank
manager.
It
is
important
to
shop
around
to
find
which
bank
offers
the
best
deal
and
who
you
feel
most
comfortable
with.
Make
sure
what
you’re
getting
is
right
for
you
and
your
business.
Develop
a
survival
strategy.
4 One
of
the
biggest
stumbling
blocks
to
people
starting
a
business
can
be
understanding
all
the
legislation.
That
can
be
tax,
employment,
trade,
health
and
safety
or
environment.
It
can
be
confusing
if
you
have
never
run
your
own
business.
?
Get
yourself
noticed.
In
order
to
make
your
business
a
success,
you
must
ensure
that
consumers
know
it
exists.
5
For
example,
if
you
are
running
a
local
plumbing
company,
then
delivering
leaflets
in
your
area
would
be
the
best
option.
?
A.
So
it
is
really
important
to
make
a
business
plan.
B.
The
tips
below
may
help
you
to
start
a
business.
C.
A
bank
would
not
consider
lending
money
unless
you
show
a
detailed
business
plan.
D.
Be
sure
to
attract
much
attention.
E.
Choosing
how
to
advertise
depends
on
the
type
of
the
business.
F.
Get
access
to
finance.
G.
Make
sure
you
are
running
your
business
correctly
by
the
law.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。本文主要给自主创业的人提出了一些建议。
1.
【解析】选B。本空总括文章第一段的内容并用来引起下文中的建议。故选B项。
2.
【解析】选C。根据小标题“做一个创业计划”可知下文肯定要说创业计划的重要性,
C项“如果没有详细的创业计划,
银行是不会考虑给你贷款的”符合题意。故选C项。
3.
【解析】选F。根据下文的内容“找银行贷款”可知是要
“获得资金支援”。
故选F项。
4.
【解析】选G。根据下文“can
be
understanding
all
the
legislation”可知G项“确保你是依法经营”符合题意。故选G项。
5.
【解析】选E。根据小标题可知,
这个段落是讲如何把自己宣传出去,
让消费者知道你的公司的存在。空后举了一个具体事例进行说明,
故选E项。
完形填空
(2021·福州高二检测)
President
Coolidge’s
statement,
“The
business
of
America
is
business,
”
still
points
to
an
important
truth
today—that
business
institutions
have
more
prestige(威望)in
American
society
than
any
other
kind
of
organization,
including
the
government.
Why
do
business
institutions
1
this
great
prestige?
?
One
reason
is
that
Americans
2
business
as
being
more
firmly
based
on
the
ideal
of
3
than
other
institutions
in
society.
Since
competition
is
seen
as
the
major
4
of
progress
and
prosperity
by
most
Americans,
competitive
business
institutions
are
petition
is
not
only
good
in
itself,
it
is
the
means
by
which
other
basic
American
6
such
as
individual
freedom,
equality
of
opportunity,
and
hard
work
are
protected.
?
Competition
7
the
freedom
of
the
individual
by
ensuring
that
there
is
no
monopoly(垄断)of
power.
In
contrast
to
one
all-powerful
government,
many
businesses
compete
against
each
other
for
8
.
Theoretically,
if
one
business
tries
to
take
unfair
advantage
of
its
customers,
it
will
lose
to
competing
business
which
treats
its
customers
more
fairly.
Where
many
businesses
compete
for
the
customers’
dollars,
they
cannot
afford
to
9
them
like
inferiors
or
slaves.
?
A
10
is
often
made
between
business,
which
is
competitive,
and
11
,
which
is
a
monopoly.
Because
business
is
competitive,
many
Americans
believe
that
it
is
more
supportive
of
freedom
than
government,
even
though
government
leaders
are
elected
by
the
people
and
business
leaders
are
not.
Many
Americans
believe,
then,
that
competition
is
as
important,
or
even
more
important
than
democracy
in
preserving
12
.
?
Competition
in
business
is
also
believed
to
13
the
ideal
of
equality
of
opportunity.
Competition
is
seen
as
an
open
and
fair
race
where
success
goes
to
the
swiftest
person
14
his
or
her
social
class
petitive
success
is
commonly
seen
as
the
American
15
to
social
rank
based
on
family
background.
Business
is
therefore
viewed
as
an
expression
of
the
idea
of
equality
of
opportunity
rather
than
the
aristocratic(贵族的)idea
of
inherited
privilege.
?
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了美国人认为以竞争为基础的商业机构比其他机构更加坚定,
美国人可以通过商业竞争实现他们的个人价值。竞争不仅保护顾客的利益,
也会保护商业机构。竞争的工商业与垄断的政府经常形成鲜明对照。在这样的社会体制下,
美国人不依靠家庭背景决定社会地位。
1.
A.
qualify
B.
restrict
C.
impress
D.
possess
【解析】选D。句意:
为什么商业机构拥有如此高的威望?
qualify取得资格;
restrict限制;
impress给人印象;
possess拥有,
占有。结合上文可知商业机构拥有很高的威望。故选D。
2.
A.
refer
B.
view
C.
reflect
D.
confirm
【解析】选B。refer参考;
view看待,
观察;
reflect反映;
confirm确认。结合下文business
as
being
more
firmly
based
on
the
ideal
of可知,
美国人认为商业比其他产业更坚定地建立在竞争的理想之上。短语view
as意为“认为……是……”。故选B。
3.
A.
competition
B.
cooperation
C.
admiration
D.
determination
【解析】选A。
competition竞争;
cooperation合作;
admiration钦佩;
determination决心。结合下文competition
is
seen
as
the
major.
.
.
可知,
此处指商业比其他产业更坚定地建立在竞争的理想之上。故选A。
4.
A.
result
B.
component
C.
source
D.
resource
【解析】选C。result结果;
component组成部分;
source来源;
resource资源。结合下文of
progress
and
prosperity
by
most
Americans可知,
竞争被大多数美国人视为进步和繁荣的主要源泉。故选C。
5.
A.
estimated
B.
respected
C.
admitted
D.
rejected
【解析】选B。
estimated估计;
respected尊重;
admitted承认;
rejected拒绝。结合上文内容可知,
商业机构拥有很高的威望,
那么有竞争力的商业机构就会受到尊重。故选B。
6.
A.
manners
B.
cultures
C.
values
D.
customs
【解析】选C。manners礼貌;
cultures文化;
values价值观念;
customs习俗。结合后文such
as
individual
freedom,
equality
of
opportunity,
and
hard
work列举的都是美国的价值观。故选C。
7.
A.
protects
B.
builds
C.
illustrates
D.
presents
【解析】选A。protects保护;
builds创建;
illustrates说明;
presents呈现。根据上文such
as
individual
freedom,
equality
of
opportunity,
and
hard
work
are
protected可知,
竞争可以保护个人自由。故选A。
8.
A.
profits
B.
savings
C.
costs
D.
funds
【解析】选A。profits利润,
收益;
savings储蓄,
存款;
costs花费;
funds资金。结合下文compete
for
the
customers’
dollars可知,
企业是为了利润而相互竞争的。故选A。
9.
A.
attend
B.
treat
C.
serve
D.
charge
【解析】选B。句意:
在许多企业为了顾客的钱而竞争的地方,
他们不能像对待下级或奴隶那样对待顾客。
attend参加;
treat对待;
serve服务;
charge收费。根据上文it
will
lose
to
competing
business
which
treats
its
customers
more
fairly可知,
此处指对待顾客的方式。故选B。
10.
A.
comment
B.
complaint
C.
choice
D.
contrast
【解析】选D。comment评论;
complaint抱怨;
choice选择;
contrast对比。结合上下文可知,
商业之间的竞争性与政府的垄断性形成一种对比。故选D。
11.
A.
department
B.
government
C.
business
D.
economy
【解析】选B。department部门;
government政府;
business生意;
economy经济。竞争性的商业代表着经济,
而政府往往必须是垄断性的,
由政府掌控。二者形成对比。下文中it
is
more
supportive
of
freedom
than
government也体现了此处指的是垄断性的政府。故选B。
12.
A.
security
B.
prices
C.
freedom
D.
discipline
【解析】选C。security安全;
prices价格;
freedom自由;
discipline纪律。根据上文“由于商业竞争激烈,
许多美国人认为商业比政府更能支持自由,
尽管政府领导人是由人民选举出来的,
而企业领导人则不是。”可知,
此处是在讨论个人自由的问题,
故选C。
13.
A.
strengthen
B.
define
C.
cherish
D.
supervise
【解析】选A。strengthen加强;
define定义;
cherish珍惜;
supervise监督。结合下文Competition
is
seen
as
an
open
and
fair
race
where
success
goes
to
the
swiftest
person可知,
竞争被视为一场公开而公平的竞赛,
胜利属于跑得最快的人,
那么竞争也被认为加强了机会均等的理想。故选A。
14.
A.
as
a
result
of
B.
by
means
of
C.
in
terms
of
D.
regardless
of
【解析】选D。as
a
result
of由于;
by
means
of依靠;
in
terms
of按照;
regardless
of无论,
不顾。根据上文Competition
is
seen
as
an
open
and
fair
race可知,
竞争被视为一场公开而公平的竞赛,
那么无论(regardless
of)这个人的社会阶层背景如何,
成功总是属于跑得最快的人。故选D。
15.
A.
contribution
B.
solution
C.
alternative
D.
appeal
【解析】选C。contribution贡献;
solution解决方案;
alternative选择;
appeal呼吁。根据下文可知,
商业被视为机会平等观念的表达,
而不是继承特权的贵族观念。那么本句话应当表示“竞争是基于家庭背景的社会地位之外的另一种选择”。其他选项不符合语境。故选C。(共130张PPT)
Unit
4 Everyday
economics
Developing
ideas
词汇积淀·素养初探
Ⅰ.
根据汉语提示用本单元所学单词填空
1.
under
the
___________
trading
system 在常规交易制度下
2.
The
law
____________against
women
该项法律歧视女性
3.
the
Green
_____________
绿赤道庄园?
4.
________quality
coffee
优质咖啡
5.
____flavour
清淡的味道
6.
one
______per
cup
每杯一卡路里
7.
their
_________judgement
他们的主观判断
conventional
discriminates
Equator
Estate
superior
mild
calorie
subjective
8.
________difficulty
财政困难
9.
The
door
locks
____________
这门会自动锁上
10.
share
happiness
and
______
分享快乐与悲伤
11.
____a
car
租车
12.
the
_______of
a
flight
机票费用
13.
_____of
trust
滥用信任
14.
_______of
theft
盗窃受害者
financial
automatically
sorrow
hire
expense
abuse
victims
Ⅱ.
选词填空
make
ends
meet,
interfere
with,
go
into
debt,
at
the
expense
of,
rent
out,
as
is
often
the
case,
be
subject
to,
take
on,
take
off,
be
relevant
to
1.
What
is
in
no
doubt
is
that
the
sharing
economy
___________
our
daily
lives
increasingly
as
well
as
to
the
global
economy.
?
2.
Today
the
action
of
sharing
________extra
meaning.
?
is
relevant
to
takes
on
3.
So
if
we
send
out
a
robot
with
the
single
instruction
of
fetching
coffee,
it
will
have
a
strong
desire
to
secure
success
by
disabling
its
own
off
switch
or
even
killing
anyone
who
might
____________its
task.
?
4.
Much
as
I
dislike
my
present
job,
I
have
to
do
it
to
______________.
?
5.
Avoid
luxuries
so
that
you
don’t
___________.
?
interfere
with
make
ends
meet
go
into
debt
6.
In
addition
to
these
reasons,
you
can
also
_______your
house
to
someone
else,
thus
creating
an
extra
source
of
income
for
yourself.
?
7.
_________________all
over
the
world
with
new
areas
of
economic
activity,
the
sharing
economy
is
developing
faster
than
existing
regulations
or
ongoing
supervision.
?
8.
The
sharing
economy
is
_________in
all
sorts
of
areas.
?
9.
He
achieved
fame
and
wealth
_______________his
health.
?
10.
Students
who
violate
quiet
hours
____________a
fine
of
$25.
?
rent
out
As
is
often
the
case
taking
off
at
the
expense
of
are
subject
to
阅读精研·素养构建
Ⅰ.
文本整体理解:
理清文章架构
Ⅱ.
文本细节理解:
探寻语篇细节信息
1.
What
is
the
topic
of
the
passage
?
A.
The
sharing
economy.
B.
The
popularity
of
the
sharing
economy.
C.
The
advantages
of
the
sharing
economy.
D.
The
disadvantages
of
the
sharing
economy.
2.
What
is
the
author’s
attitude
towards
the
sharing
economy?
A.
critical.
B.
optimistic.
C.
pessimistic.
D.
objective.
3.
What
is
the
purpose
of
the
1st
paragraph
?
A.
To
introduce
the
topic.
B.
To
inform
us
of
the
concept
of
the
sharing
economy.
C.
To
call
on
us
to
share
things
with
others.
D.
To
arouse
the
reader’s
interest
in
the
sharing
economy.
4.
Which
one
is
the
disadvantage
of
the
sharing
economy?
A.
It
can
reduce
waste.
B.
It
can
reduce
our
demand
for
goods
of
high
quality.
C.
It
can
lead
to
information
being
revealed.
D.
It
can
benefit
our
environment.
5.
What
can’t
we
infer
from
the
passage?
A.
Sharing
is
of
benefit
to
establishing
positive
emotional
bonding.
B.
There
are
many
kinds
of
the
action
of
sharing.
C.
Our
increasing
demand
for
quality
goods
and
services
contributes
to
sharing
economy.
D.
The
future
of
the
sharing
economy
must
be
bright.
答案:
1～5.
ADACD
Ⅲ.
文本素养提升:
阅读技能综合运用
1.
根据课文语境与语句知识细致解构语句。
(1)We
are
using
technology
to
reduce
the
money
that
we
spend
on
goods
and
services
(that引导的定语从句),
or
to
make
money
out
of
those(与前面的to
reduce并列)that
we
don’t
use
ourselves
all
of
the
time(that引导的定语从句).
?
译文:
我们正在使用技术来减少我们在商品和服务上的花费,
_________________
_____________________。
或者从那些我们不
经常使用的东西中赚钱
(2)What
is
in
no
doubt(what引导的主语从句
)is
that
the
sharing
economy
is
increasingly
relevant
to
our
daily
lives
as
well
as
to
the
global
economy.
(that引导
的表语从句
)?
译文:
毫无疑问,
共享经济与_____________________________________。
我们的日常生活以及全球经济越来越相关
(3)It
is
expanding
at
such
a
rate
that(such.
.
.
that引导的结果状语从句)we
can
only
imagine
what
it
will
comprise
in
the
future.
(what引导的宾语从句)?
译文:
它的扩张速度如此之快,
以至于我们只能想象___________________。
它在未来会构成什么
2.
阅读主题活动。
(1)What
do
you
think
are
other
benefits
and
problems
of
the
sharing
economy?
It
can
help
build
up
trust
between
each
other
but
it
may
lead
to
the
difficult
management.
For
instance,
the
sharing
bikes
bring
convenience
for
people,
but
people
place
the
bikes
at
random
and
even
occupy
the
room
of
the
sidewalk.
?
(2)What
are
your
experiences
of
the
sharing
economy?
Share
one
with
us.
For
example,
I
often
see
some
useful
information
and
suggestions
about
our
study
while
surfing
on
the
Internet.
Then
I
will
share
them
with
my
classmates
to
improve
our
study.
3.
课文语法填空。
We
have
been
told
to
share
things
with
others
since
we
were
toddlers,
but
today
the
action
of
sharing
takes
on
extra
meaning,
varying
from
car
shares
to
home
shares,
and
even
to
pet
shares.
The
sharing
economy
is
taking
off
in
all
sorts
of
areas.
We
can
benefit
from
(1)__.
It
meets
people’s
increasing
demand
for
quality
goods
and
services
at
(2)__________
(compete)prices.
It
not
only
allows
people
(3)
_______(make)or
save
money
and
to
make
connections
and
even
new
friends
but
also
favours
the
environment
by
reusing
items
and
reducing
the
number
of
polluting
(4)_______
(vehicle)on
the
road.
However,
the
sharing
economy
has
some
problems.
(5)___
is
often
the
case
with
new
areas
of
economic
activity,
it
is
developing
faster
than
existing
regulations
or
ongoing
supervision.
Besides,
it
is
subject
(6)__
abuse
of
it
competitive
to
make
vehicles
As
to
trust.
What’s
more,
personal
information
about
almost
every
part
of
our
lives
may
(7)
__________(collect).
(8)
_________
there
are
some
problems
with
the
sharing
economy,
what
is
in
no
doubt
is
that
the
sharing
economy
is
(9)
___________
(increasing)relevant
to
our
daily
lives
and
the
global
economy.
It
is
expanding
at
such
a
rate
that
we
can
imagine
(10)
_____
it
will
comprise
in
the
future.
?
be
collected
Although
increasingly
what
要点精研·素养奠基
1.
sorrow
n.
令人悲伤的事;
不幸 v.
感到悲伤
Parents
and
teachers
keep
reminding
us
to
share
toys,
snacks,
books,
happy
memories,
and
sometimes
even
sorrows
with
others.
家长和老师不断提醒我们要和别人分享玩具、零食、书籍、快乐的回忆,
有时甚至还有悲伤。
He
expressed
his
sorrow
at
the
news
of
her
death.
听到她的死讯,
他表示哀伤。
The
detective
always
woke
with
a
sense
of
deep/great
sorrow
and
depressing
loss.
词汇复现
这个私家侦探醒来时总是满怀哀愁,
抑郁惆怅。
Her
friend
was
sorrowing
over
the
loss
of
a
child.
她的朋友在为失去孩子感到悲痛。
Roy
told
his
sorrowful
tale
with
simple
words
anybody
could
understand.
罗伊用简单的、人人都能理解的语言讲述了他那个伤感的故事。
【语块积累】
(1)joys
and
sorrows
喜与悲
(2)sorrowful
哀伤的;
悲伤的
【即学活用】语法填空。
(1)His
father’s
face
looked
suddenly
soft
and
_________
(sorrow).
(2)To
be
honest,
I
feel
lonely
because
no
one
share
my
joys
and
_______
(sorrow).
sorrowful
sorrows
2.
take
on
呈现(某种特征,
面貌);
承担(责任);
开始雇用某人
Today,
the
action
of
sharing
takes
on
extra
meaning.
今天共享行为呈现出额外的意义。
No
other
department
was
able
or
willing
to
take
on
the
job.
词汇复现
没有其他部门能够或乐意承担这项工作。
They
are
not
always
willing
to
take
on
untrained
workers,
but
there’s
no
harm
in
asking.
他们并不总是乐意雇用未经培训的工人,
但问问也无妨。
The
sharing
economy
is
taking
off
in
all
sorts
of
areas.
共享经济正在各个领域蓬勃发展。
【语块积累】
take
off
脱下;
飞机起飞;
事业腾飞;
休假
take
in
吸收;
理解;
欺骗
take
up
从事(职业);
占据(时间;
空间);
继续;
接受(挑战;
建议)
take
over
接管;
继承
【即学活用】用适当的介词或副词填空。
(1)In
the
past
ten
years,
great
changes
have
taken
place
in
my
lovely
home
town,
making
it
take
___a
new
look.
(2)The
big
table
takes
___
too
much
room
so
that
it
was
difficult
to
pass
by.
(3)She
decided
that
I
was
the
ideal
person
to
take
____
the
job.
(4)He
didn’t
take
__
what
he
read
because
his
mind
was
on
something
else.
(5)The
plane
took
___
for
LA,
lost
an
engine
as
it
climbed,
and
crashed
just
off
the
runway.
on
up
over
in
off
3.
hire
v.
/n.
(短期的)租用;
租借;
雇用
Whether
it’s
an
online
shop
where
we
can
hire
designer
clothes
at
rock-bottom
prices,
or
a
platform
from
which
we
can
rent
out
our
flats
for
a
couple
of
days,
it’s
out
there.
无论是一家网店,
我们可以以最低价租借名牌服装,
或是一个平台,
我们可以出租我们的公寓几天,
共享经济就在那里。
Companies
hiring
out
narrow
boats
to
visitors
report
full
order
books.
出租运河小船的各公司称船已预订一空。
The
costumes
are
on
hire
from
the
local
theatre.
戏装可向本地剧院租用。
The
historian
hired
himself
out
to
whoever
needed
his
services.
词汇复现?
这个历史学家以前从事临时服务业。
【语块积累】
hire
out
to
sb.
向某人出租……
on
hire
在出租的
hire
oneself
out
打工;
受雇
for
hire
供出租
【知识延伸】①hire的反义词
fire
②词义相近的词有:
employ
v.
雇用,
聘任 较正式用词,
一般指正规机构、大公司等聘用职员。
rent租赁 rent
out
出租(房屋,
土地等)
for
rent
待租
【即学活用】语法填空。
(1)There
are
three
small
boats
available
___
hire.
(2)All
their
cars
were
already
out
___
hire.
(3)They
were
so
poor
that
they
had
to
hire
__________
out
on
the
farms.
for
on
themselves
4.
expense
n.
费用,
花费
Some
companies
are
taking
unfair
advantage
of
this
situation
to
expand
their
share
of
the
market,
often
at
the
expense
of
more
traditional
and
established
companies.
一些公司利用这种情况不公平地扩大市场份额,
通常是以传统和老牌公司为代价。
The
estate
was
transformed
at
great
expense.
词汇复现
庄园改建花了一大笔费用。
The
payments
he
gets
barely
cover
his
expenses.
他几乎是入不敷出。
We
were
taken
out
for
a
meal
at
the
company’s
expense.
公司出钱请我们外出就餐。
They
purchase
expensive
goods
to
display
their
status.
词汇复现
他们购买昂贵的商品来显示他们的身份。
【语块积累】
(1)at
the
expense/cost
of
sb.
/sth.
在牺牲(或损害)……的情况下
living/household/medical/legal
expenses
生活费用;
家庭开支;
医疗、律师费用
at
sb’s
expense
由某人付钱;
由某人负担费用
(2)expensive
昂贵的
【易混辨析】fare/fee/tip/expense
fare:
车、船费,
(交通工具)票价;
fee:
(付给专业人员,
如医生、律师等的)酬金;
入场费;
报名费;
会费;
tip:
小费,
赏钱;
expense:
支出,
费用。
【即学活用】选词填空(fare/fee/tip/expense)。
(1)I
didn’t
have
enough
money
to
pay
the
bus
____
that
day.
(2)I
expect
you
have
to
pay
your
lawyer
a
fat
___.
(3)The
wealthy
man
admitted
that
he
had
left
the
waitress
a
large
___.
(4)The
construction
was
built
at
public
_______.
fare
fee
tip
expense
5.
What’s
more,
sharing
encourages
us
to
reuse
items,
thereby
cutting
down
on
waste.
更重要的是,
分享鼓励我们重新利用物品,
从而减少浪费。?
【句式解构】本句为现在分词短语“cutting
down
on
waste”作自然而然的结果状语。
Their
car
was
caught
in
a
traffic
jam,
thus
causing
a
delay.
他们的汽车遇上了交通堵塞,
因而耽搁了。
His
parents
died,
leaving
him
an
orphan.
他父母去世了,
使他成了孤儿。
I
hurried
to
the
station,
only
to
find
the
train
had
left.
我匆匆忙忙赶到火车站,
结果发现火车已经离开了。
He
lifted
a
rock
only
to
drop
it
on
his
own
feet.
他搬起石头结果砸了自己的脚。
【名师点津】
现在分词作结果状语,
表示自然而然的结果;
to
do不定式作结果状语,
表示出乎意料的结果。
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空。
①He
was
busy
writing
a
story,
only
________
(stop)once
in
a
while
to
eat
some
food.
②He
raced
through
the
living
room,
only
______(find)
the
front
door
closed.
?
③The
mother
died,
_______
(leave)a
lot
of
money
for
her
children.
stopping
to
find
leaving
(2)The
hospital
has
recently
obtained
new
medical
equipment,
_____________
___________________.
这家医院最近获得了新的医疗设备,
使更多的病人接受
了治疗。
?
(3)He
returned
after
the
war,
__________________________________.
他战后回
来,
结果却被告诉他妻子已经离开了他。?
allowing
more
patients
to
be
treated
only
to
be
told
that
his
wife
had
left
him
【要点拾遗】
1.
set
up
建立,
设立,
准备,
安排
He
has
accumulated
enough
money
to
set
up
a
company.
他已经积累了足够成立一个公司的钱。词汇复现
Give
me
a
call
on
Friday
to
set
up
a
time,
OK?
星期五给我打电话安排时间,
好吗?
Set
aside
some
time
each
day
to
write,
even
if
it
is
only
five
minutes.
每天留出一些时间来写作,
即使只有五分钟。
I
do
not
want
to
set
down
a
series
of
facts
in
a
diary
as
most
people
do.
我不像大多数人那样在日记中记下一系列的事实。
【语块积累】
set
about
着手;
开始做
set
aside
将……放在一边;
为……节省或保留(钱或时间)
set
down
放下,
写下,
登记
set
off
出发,
动身;
引发,
使爆炸,
燃放
set
out
启程,
动身;
阐述;
陈列;
开始做
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空。
①Ralph
W.
Emerson
would
always
set
_____
new
ideas
that
occurred
to
him.
②Upon
graduation,
Charlotte
returned
to
Montreal
and
set
___
a
private
clinic.
③They
agreed
to
set
_____
their
differences
and
work
together
for
peace.
down
up
aside
(2)一句多译。
他开始着手粉刷整幢房子,
可是只完成了前面的部分。
①He
______________________________but
finished
only
the
front
part.
(set
about)?
②He
___________________________
but
finished
only
the
front
part.
(set
out)?
③He
__________________________________
but
finished
only
the
front
part.
(begin)?
set
about
painting
the
whole
house
set
out
to
paint
the
whole
house
began
to
paint/painting
the
whole
house
【名师点津】set
out和set
about都可表示“开始做……”,
但set
out后跟动词不定式,
set
about后跟名词、动名词。
2.
be
beneficial
to对……有益
Taking
it
as
an
object
of
study,
psychologists
have
published
various
papers
stating
that
the
behaviour
of
sharing
is
beneficial
to
setting
up
positive
emotional
bonding.
心理学家把它作为一个研究对象,
发表了许多论文,
指出分享行为有利于建立积极的情感联系。
Only
in
that
way
can
we
enjoy
the
immeasurable
benefits
of
the
Internet.
只有这样,
我们才能享受互联网带来的不可估量的好处。
The
new
regulations
will
be
of
benefit
to
everyone
concerned.
新规章将使所有有关人员受益。
Each
institute
needs
people
working
for
the
benefit
of
the
community.
词汇复现?
每个学院需要一些为公众利益服务的人。
You’ll
both
benefit
from
the
gesture
of
goodwill.
你俩都会从这善意的姿态中受益。
【语块积累】
benefit
sb.
/sth.
对某人/某事有益
benefit
from/by.
.
.
得益于……,
从……中受益
be
of
benefit
to.
.
.
对……有益
for
the
benefit
of.
.
.
为了……的利益
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空。
①Actually,
these
books
are
__
great
benefit
to
the
staff.
②Everyone
benefited
_______
limiting
their
intake
of
tea
to
just
three
or
four
cups
a
day.
③Reading
is
_________
(benefit)to
all
of
us.
④Walk
outdoors
regularly
for
sunshine
is
beneficial
__
everyone.
of
from/by
beneficial
to
(2)一句多译。
骑自行车既健康又环保。
①Cycling
_______
health
and
the
environment.
②Cycling
_____________health
and
the
environment.
?
③Cycling
_____________health
and
the
environment.
?
benefits
is
of
benefit
to
is
beneficial
to
3.
theft
n.
偷窃;
偷盗
Some
people
have
experienced
damage
to
their
properties
whilst
renting
out
their
homes
and
others
have
found
themselves
victims
of
theft
or
attack
while
sharing
rides.
一些人在出租房屋时遭受了财产损失,
而另一些人则发现自己是共享乘车工具时遭到盗窃或袭击的受害者。
Her
assistant
was
accused
of
theft
and
fraud
by
the
police.
她的助手被警方指控犯有盗窃和欺诈罪。
The
freshman
was
charged
with
three
counts
of
burglary.
词汇复现
那位大一新生被控犯有三次盗窃罪。
The
correspondent
was
serving
a
sentence
for
robbery
with
violence.
词汇复现
这个记者因暴力抢劫而正在服刑。
【易混辨析】
theft是泛指所有的偷窃类型,
扒手或者商店里的顺手牵羊一般都用这个
burglary
多指进入私人房屋的盗窃
robbery
就是抢劫,
粗暴型
【即学活用】
选词填空(theft/
burglary/
robber)。
①He
receives
a
10-year
prison
sentence
for
armed
_______.
②After
the
________
I
had
all
the
locks
changed.
③We
automatically
insure
your
belongings
against
fire
and
____.
robbery
burglary
theft
课时检测·素养达标
Ⅰ.
单句语法填空
1.
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)While
the
sun’s
rays
can
age
and
harm
our
skin,
they
also
give
its
_________(benefit)
Vitamin
D.
2.
The
Office
of
Residence
Life
may
change
the
door
lock
combination
at
any
time
__
the
expense
of
the
resident
if
it
is
found
that
the
student
has
shared
the
combination
with
others.
3.
She
made
some
rules
full
of
love
and
respect
to
“manage”
her
students.
In
return,
her
students
took
___
a
completely
new
look.
beneficial
at
on
4.
(2019·北京高考)Alice
Moore
is
a
teenager
entrepreneur
(创业者),
who
in
May
2015
set
___
her
business
AilieCandy.
5.
Mary
hurried
back
only
______(find)her
mother
dying
in
the
hospital.
?
6.
European
football
is
played
in
80
countries,
_______
(make)it
the
most
popular
sports
in
the
world.
up
to
find
making
7.
(2018·浙江高考)The
most
welcome
sight
on
a
cold,
wet
winter
night
in
London
is
the
familiar
shape
of
a
London
taxi
cab
approaching
with
its
yellow
“
___
hire”
sign
shining
brightly.
8.
You
can
take
focus
on
one
of
your
skills
and
learn
a
trade
that
is
relevant
__
that
skill.
9.
___
is
often
the
case,
anything
is
possible
for
those
who
hang
on
to
hope.
10.
When
I’m
thinking
of
her,
I
get
depressed
and
_________(sorrow)with
tears
in
my
eyes.
for
to
As
sorrowful
Ⅱ.
句型转换
1.
It’s
common
for
him
to
shout
when
he’s
angry.
He
shouts
when
he
gets
angry,
________________.
(as引导定语从句)?
2.
An
earthquake
struck
Wenchuan
in
2008,
and
thereby
caused
many
people
to
lose
their
lives.
An
earthquake
struck
Wenchuan
in
2008,
______________many
people
to
lose
their
lives.
(doing引导的结果状语从句)?
as
is
often
the
case
thereby
causing
3.
There
is
no
doubt
that
you
will
succeed
in
your
scientific
research.
_________________is
that
you
will
succeed
in
your
scientific
research.
(what引导
的名词性从句)?
4.
Tom
was
a
very
cute
baby
so
that
I
couldn’t
help
smiling
at
him.
Tom
was
___________________I
couldn’t
help
smiling
at
him.
(such.
.
.
that
引导结
果状语从句)?
What
is
in
no
doubt
such
a
cute
baby
that
5.
Because
Australia
is
separated
from
other
continents
for
millions
of
years,
Australia
has
many
plants
and
animals
which
are
not
found
in
any
other
country
in
the
world.
____________________________for
millions
of
years,
Australia
has
many
plants
and
animals
___________any
other
country
in
the
world.
(非谓语动词作状语和定
语)?
Separated
from
other
continents
not
found
in
Ⅲ.
完成句子
1.
He
was
fined
for
speeding,
________________with
him.
?
他因超速而被罚款,
这对他而言是常有的事。
2.
Walking
is
extremely
___________your
body
shape.
?
散步对于塑形非常有好处。
3.
The
government
shouldn’t
develop
economy
_______________polluting
our
environment.
?
政府不应该以污染环境为代价而发展经济。
as
is
often
the
case
beneficial
to
at
the
expense
of
4.
Up
to
now,
officials
have
not
made
any
response
to
this
case
__________food
safety.
?
到目前为止,
官员还没有对这次与食品安全有关的事件作出回应。
5.
Since
the
company
_________,
the
city
___________a
new
look.
?
自从这家公司被建立后,
这个城市呈现出了新的面貌。
relevant
to
was
set
up
has
taken
on
Ⅳ.
结合课文主题使用本单元词汇与句型,
根据提示写一篇50个词左右的短文
1.
共享的行为在各个领域都在兴起。(take
off)
2.
毫无疑问,
共享经济对很多人都是有益的。(名词性从句/
be
beneficial
to)
3.
然而,
共享经济的兴起会导致管理困难,
这是经常发生的事情。(as
is
often
the
case)
4.
因此如何管理共享的东西是值得考虑的。(thereby)
____________________________________________________________________
The
action
of
sharing
is
taking
off
in
all
sorts
of
areas.
What
is
in
no
doubt
is
that
the
sharing
economy
is
beneficial
to
a
large
number
of
people.
Nonetheless,
the
rise
of
the
sharing
economy
can
lead
to
difficult
management,
as
is
often
the
case.
Thereby
how
to
manage
the
sharing
things
is
worth
considering.
?
课时素养评价
十二 Unit
4 Developing
ideas
【语用训练】
Ⅰ.
单句语法填空
1.
_______(consultant)
your
doctor
about
how
much
exercise
you
should
get.
2.
In
six
letters
he
poured
out
to
her
his
hopes,
his
feelings,
and
his
___________
(frustration).
3.
If
you
were
______(hire)a
person
for
this
job,
what
would
you
look
for?
Consult
frustrations
hiring
4.
A
toddler
requires
close
__________(supervise)and
firm
control
at
all
times.
5.
All
________(expense)are
to
be
equally
divided
between
you
and
I.
6.
Jane
was
very
much
_______(abuse)by
the
landlady,
but
she
held
in
her
temper.
7.
There
have
been
several
_____(theft)and
robberies
in
this
area.
8.
Over
the
past
two
decades
it
has
added
pocket
knives
and
leather
______(purse).
supervision
expenses
abused
thefts
purses
9.
Sand
bucket
and
tool
set
are
the
best
beach
toys,
especially
for
________(toddler)
and
young
children.
10.
I
left
the
lawn
and
moved
in
the
white
light
and
silence
along
the
road,
aimless
and
_________(sorrow).
toddlers
sorrowing
Ⅱ.
选词填空
be
relevant
to;
take
on;
be
subject
to;
as
is
often
the
case;
at
the
expense
of;
be
beneficial
to;
take
off;
response
to
1.
The
case
___________judicial
review.
?
2.
I
don’t
think
what
he
said
___________the
topic
we
are
discussing.
?
3.
She
________extra
work
on
Sundays.
?
4.
He
devoted
his
time
to
football
_______________his
studies.?
is
subject
to
is
relevant
to
takes
on
at
the
expense
of
5.
_________________with
human
beings,
many
animals
sleep
a
lot
when
young,
but
sleep
much
less
when
they
get
older.
?
6.
The
7
a.
m.
express
to
London
will
be
________next
month.
?
7.
Economic
reform
_____________the
development
of
our
country.
?
8.
There
has
been
no
__________his
remarks
from
the
government.
As
is
often
the
case
taken
off
is
beneficial
to
response
to
【主题阅读】
阅读理解
(2021·贵阳高二检测)
It
was
once
unheard-of
to
be
a
businessman
in
China.
Nowadays,
though,
it’s
quite
common
to
become
your
own
boss.
Let’s
say
you
have
an
idea.
Maybe
you
want
to
open
an
English
school
or
sell
Japanese
comics.
First,
you
need
a
business
plan.
It
sets
out
what
you’ll
sell
and
how
much
everything
will
cost.
Most
businesses
that
fail
didn’t
have
this.
If
you
need
to
borrow
money
at
the
start,
banks
will
ask
for
a
detailed
plan.
The
best
starting
place
for
a
business
plan
is
the
4Ps:
product,
place,
price
and
promotion.
All
these
must
be
strong
to
be
successful.
?Product
Your
product
must
have
something
unique.
What
makes
it
special
compared
to
other
similar
products?
If
you
want
to
start
a
noodle
shop
that
has
nothing
new,
don’t
expect
people
to
show
much
interest.
You
can
research
your
product.
For
food,
let
people
try
it
for
free.
For
toys,
let
a
few
children
play
with
them
to
see
if
they
like
them.
?Place
There’s
no
point
having
a
product
that
people
want
to
buy
if
your
shop
is
in
an
empty
mall.
Think
about
which
type
of
person
is
going
to
buy
what
you
sell.
Where
do
they
usually
go
shopping?
When
looking
at
possible
places,
spend
the
day
there.
See
how
many
people
pass
by.
Also,
are
there
other
shops
nearby
selling
similar
products?
If
so,
how
can
you
be
better
than
them?
?
?Price
Work
out
how
much
it
costs
to
make
or
provide
your
product.
As
a
general
rule,
your
price
will
be
double
the
cost.
After
all,
you’re
also
paying
for
rent,
staff
and
you
need
to
eat
too!
?Promotion
How
can
you
attract
people
to
your
shop?
Advertising
in
newspapers
and
on
TV
is
expensive.
Perhaps
you
can
get
free
advertising
by
getting
a
newspaper
to
write
about
your
business.
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。在现在的中国,
创业当老板的现象随处可见。创业的第一步是要有一份详尽的商业计划,
包括售卖的产品和费用等内容。要想创业成功,
必须做好四个方面的准备:
产品、地点、价格和促销手段。
1.
What’s
the
best
title
for
the
passage?
A.
How
to
start
a
business
B.
Starting
a
business
soon
C.
Starting
your
own
business
D.
Preparations
for
starting
a
business
【解析】选C。根据第一段“Nowadays,
though,
it’s
quite
common
to
become
your
own
boss.
.
.
First,
you
need
a
business
plan.
”和第二段“The
best
starting
place
for
a
business
plan
is
the
4Ps:
product,
place,
price
and
promotion.
All
these
must
be
strong
to
be
successful.
”可知,
在中国,
创业是很普遍的现象,
文章主要讲了创业的一些注意事项,
故选C。
2.
According
to
the
author,
the
reason
why
most
businesses
fail
is
due
to
lack
of
______.
?
A.
a
business
plan
B.
a
shop
C.
money
D.
successful
businessmen
【解析】选A。根据第一段“First,
you
need
a
business
plan.
It
sets
out
what
you’ll
sell
and
how
much
everything
will
cost.
Most
businesses
that
fail
didn’t
have
this.
”可知,
大多数失败是因为没有详细的商业计划,
故选A。
3.
If
you
want
to
start
a
noodle
shop,
you
should
______.
?
A.
expect
people
to
show
much
interest
B.
research
your
noodles
C.
let
people
try
it
at
a
low
price
D.
let
children
have
a
try
【解析】选B。根据第三段“If
you
want
to
start
a
noodle
shop
that
has
nothing
new,
don’t
expect
people
to
show
much
interest.
You
can
research
your
product.
For
food,
let
people
try
it
for
free.
”可知,
如果开一家面馆,
你需要研究你的产品——面条,
故选B。
4.
What
does
“If
so”
in
Paragraph
4
refer
to?
A.
There
are
shops
selling
the
goods
like
yours
B.
Many
people
pass
by
C.
You
should
think
about
which
type
of
person
is
going
to
buy
what
you
sell
D.
You
should
spend
the
day
on
possible
places
【解析】选A。根据第四段“Also,
are
there
other
shops
nearby
selling
similar
products?
If
so,
how
can
you
be
better
than
them?
”可知,
画线部分指的是,
附近有卖相似产品的商店,
故选A。?
5.
You
are
selling
toys
to
children.
It
costs
5
yuan
to
make
each
one.
How
much
should
you
charge
the
children
for
each
toy?
A.
15
yuan.
B.
5
yuan.
C.
10
yuan.
D.
50
yuan.
【解析】选C。根据第五段“As
a
general
rule,
your
price
will
be
double
the
cost.
”可知,
一般情况下,
价格是成本的两倍,
故选C。
Ⅰ.
语法填空
(2021·曲阜高二检测)
Modern
technology
1.
______(allow)the
economical
construction
of
rail
and
road
links
across
Eurasia.
The
Chinese
government
believes
the
construction
can
greatly
encourage
its
2.
______(grow)and
make
it
a
superpower.
3.
______
(make)trade
and
travel
more
economical
and
4.
______
(quick),
it
will
construct
more
land
and
sea
transportation
facilities.
The
Chinese
government
has
announced
a
trillion
(万亿)dollar
plan
5.
______
is
called
“The
Belt
and
Road”.
If
successful,
6.
______
might
produce
trade
worth
more
than
2.
5
trillion
dollars
within
a
decade,
which
will
be
7.
______
great
benefit
to
4.
4
billion
people.
Significant
progress
has
already
been
made.
The
first
freight
(货运)train
8.
______
(run)from
Europe
to
China
set
out
in
2011.
A
major
5,
400
kilometer
highway
to
St.
Petersburg
from
the
Yellow
Sea
9.
______
(open)in
2018,
allowing
vehicles
to
travel
10.
______
distance
in
10
days.
This
is
a
new
travel
option
for
economical
tourism
and
sightseeing
along
Silk
Road
places.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国政府对“一带一路”的建设以及“一带一路”对经济和旅游的重大影响。
1.
【解析】allows。考查动词时态。根据下句中believes得知,
用一般现在时,
主语是单数,
谓语动词也用单数。故填allows。
2.
【解析】growth。考查名词。形容词性物主代词后接名词,
促进它的发展,
故填growth。
3.
【解析】To
make。考查不定式。根据此句后半部分可知前半部分作目的状语,
表示“为了……”,
故填To
make。
4.
【解析】quicker。考查形容词比较级。and表示并列,
前后形式一致,
前面more
economical是比较级,
后面也用比较级,
故填quicker。
5.
【解析】which/that。考查定语从句关系词。先行词a
trillion
dollar
plan,
在定语从句中作主语,
指物,
用that或which,
故填which/that。
6.
【解析】it。考查代词。这里指代的是前面万亿美元的“一带一路”计划,
故填it。
7.
【解析】of。考查介词。be
of+抽象名词”,
这时的of短语相当于这个名词的同根形容词,
作为表语表示主语的性质或特征。be
of
benefit表示“有益的”,
故填of。
8.
【解析】running。考查非谓语动词。本句谓语动词是set
out,
run和谓语之间没有连词,
要用非谓语,
火车和行驶是主动关系,
故填running。
9.
【解析】was
opened。考查被动语态。故5400千米的公路在2018年被开放,
用过去时的被动语态。故填was
opened。
10.
【解析】the。考查冠词。特指5400千米的距离,
用定冠词表示特指,
故填the。
Ⅱ.
阅读填句
(2021·枣庄高二检测)
When
I
was
a
little
girl,
my
mom
would
say,
“Half
the
fun
of
doing
anything
is
sharing
it
with
others.
”
1 .
Friends
and
mates
allow
us
to
enjoy
our
successes
and
our
joys,
comfort
us
in
our
hard
moments,
and
provide
a
mirror
for
us
to
learn
more
about
ourselves.
I’ve
always
looked
at
friends
as
the
family
we
choose.
They
enrich
our
lives.
As
Robert
Louis
Steven
once
said,
“ 2 ”.
?
To
be
a
good
friend
or
partner,
it’s
important
to
be
a
good
listener.
Hear
what
your
friend
or
mate
has
to
say
first
rather
than
jump
to
conclusions
or
get
defensive.
3 .
When
they
hear
their
words
repeated
back
to
them,
it
can
help
them
to
realize
what
they
said
was
not
exactly
what
they
meant
to
say.
?
4 .
You
know
the
old
golden
rule,
“Care
for
others
the
way
you
would
like
them
to
care
for
you.
”
The
support
of
a
friend
during
a
tough
time
could
make
the
difference
between
success
and
failure.
Encouragement
and
confidence
are
the
gifts
that
can
help
change
a
person’s
life.
?
Take
care,
though,
with
whom
you
choose
to
have
close
relationship,
for
they
can
have
a
great
effect
on
your
self-respect
and
life
path.
As
someone
once
told
me
“ 5 .
They
will
either
take
you
up
or
down.
”?
A.
I
am
afraid
so
B.
It
is
quite
true
C.
Friendship
is
the
most
important
factor
D.
Sometimes
it
is
useful
to
be
their
mirror
E.
A
friend
is
a
present
which
you
give
yourself
F.
The
attitudes
of
your
friends
are
like
the
buttons
on
a
lift
G.
Patience,
sympathy
and
understanding
are
also
important
qualities
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。通过本文叙述得知,
做任何事的一半乐趣就是和别人分享。朋友是你自己给自己的礼物。
1.
【解析】选B。前面讲到妈妈说的话,
后面又显示出在生活中体验到了这句话的正确性,
故选B。
2.
【解析】选E。根据前面所讲到的朋友带来的好处,
可知,
朋友是你自己给自己的礼物。故选E。
3.
【解析】选D。根据下文可知,
有时候学会倾听,
然后把朋友的话反馈给他们的时候,
能够帮助朋友意识到他们所说的话并非是他们想要说的话。说明倾听有时会成为一面有用的镜子。故选D。
4.
【解析】选G。后面讲到像你希望别人关心你一样关心别人,
可知我们需要有耐心,
同情心和理解。故选G。
5.
【解析】选F。根据下文“他们要么带你上去要么带你下来”可知,
你朋友的态度就像电梯的按钮。故选F。
话题写作·素养升级
写正反观点的议论文
【范例点评】
假定你是李华,
你的美国朋友
Tom听说在中国通过扫描二维码就可以实现非现金支付,
他感到不可思议,
请你写封邮件告知他非现金支付在中国的一些情况,
内容包括:
1.
非现金支付的定义
2.
非现金支付的优点
3.
非现金支付的缺点
4.
你的结论
注意:
词数80个左右,
开头已给出,
不计入数内。
Dear
Tom,
I’m
glad
to
tell
you
something
about
non-cash
payments
in
China.
Non-cash
payments
are
making
payments
with
cards,
mobile
phones
and
other
electric
devices.
Some
think
it
provides
us
with
more
convenience.
What’s
more,
we
can
save
much
time
when
purchasing
on
the
Internet
platform.
Besides,
we
don’t
have
to
worry
about
getting
the
fake
cash.
Others
think
despite
their
convenience,
it
will
take
more
risks
protecting
your
private
possessions.
For
example,
we
might
be
monitored
while
paying
for
what
we
have
bought.
Meanwhile,
what
if
we
are
in
a
place
without
Internet
access
or
our
phone
battery
dies?
In
conclusion,
non-cash
payments
are
under
construction,
so
it
will
be
more
popular
in
the
years
to
come.
【布局】
【文体解读】
1.
话题特点
观点类作文需根据题目给出的观点,
按照提纲的结构要求对其进行论证。一般开头提出问题,
主体陈述不同的观点及其理由,
结尾说明自己的观点。
2.
话题词汇
(1)Some.
.
.
Others.
.
.
.
一些人……另一些人……
(2)hold
different
opinions
持有不同的观点
(3)in
favor
of
支持
(4)Besides/in
addition
另外
(5)Moreover/what’s
more
而且
(6)From
my
point
of
view
从我的观点来看
(7)on
the
contrary
相反
(8)In
conclusion
总之
(9)advantages
and
disadvantages
优缺点
(10)On
one
hand
一方面
(11)On
the
other
hand
另一方面
(12)Every
coin
has
two
sides.
凡事都有利弊。
3.
话题句式(试着替换方框中的黑体部分,
变成你需要表达的意思)
(1)The
topic
of
mobile
payment
is
becoming
more
and
more
popular
recently.
People
hold
different
opinions
about
it.
(2)Some
people
say
they
are
in
favour
of
mobile
payment
.
(3)They
hold
the
view
that
mobile
payment
makes
people’s
daily
life
more
and
more
convenient
.
(4)What
is
more,
by
mobile
payment,
we
can
pay
easily
wherever
we
go
.
(5)Others
think
that
mobile
payment
has
some
disadvantages.
(6)Firstly,
you
might
be
monitored
while
paying
for
what
you
have
bought
so
that
your
account
could
be
stolen
.
(7)Secondly
(Besides),
mobile
payment
can
lead
to
excessive
consumption
.
(8)From
my
point
of
view,
I
think
mobile
payment
is
more
convenient
for
our
daily
life
.
【迁移训练】
目前,
一些诸如GG,
MM,
Xia
Mi
等网络俚语在青少年中极为盛行,
并且出现在家庭作业报告,
甚至全国入学考试的作文中。请你以“Should
Internet
Slang(俚语;
行话)Be
Prohibited
(禁止)?
”为题,
用英语写一篇短文,
内容如下:
1.
一些同学认为:
网络俚语生动、时尚且充满幽默与智慧,
使网上聊天更快捷。2.
另一些同学认为:
网络俚语缺乏思想性,
没有被大部分人理解、接受,
过多使用使人不解,
甚至造成误解。3.
你的观点。
注意:
1.
短文开头已经给出,
不计入总词数;
2.
词数:
80左右;
3.
参考词汇:
生动的vivid;
智慧intelligence
【遣词】
1.
时尚的
__________
2.
幽默
______
3.
使困惑
_______
4.
误解
________________
5.
落后
__________
fashionable
humor
confuse
misunderstanding
fall
behind?
【造句】
1.
完成句子
(1)有人赞成网络俚语。
Some
are
___________Internet
Slang.
?
(2)他们认为网络俚语生动、时尚且充满幽默和智慧。
They
________________Internet
Slang
is
vivid,
fashionable
and
full
of
humor
and
intelligence.
?
in
favour
of
hold
the
view
that
(3)我认为我们生活在信息时代。
____________________,
we
live
in
the
Information
Age.
?
(4)我们不了解网络俚语,
我们似乎就会落伍。
We
don’t
know
the
Internet
Slang.
And
we
seem
to
__________the
times.
From
my
point
of
view
fall
behind
2.
句式升级
(1)用非谓语动词作状语把句(1)和句(2)合并。
Some
are
in
favour
of
Internet
Slang,
holding
the
view
that
Internet
Slang
is
vivid,
fashionable
and
full
of
humor
and
intelligence.
?
(2)用非谓语动词作状语和条件句把(3)(4)改为复合句。
From
my
point
of
view,
living
in
the
Information
Age,
if
we
don’t
know
the
Internet
Slang,
we
seem
to
fall
behind
the
times.
?
【成篇】
Should
Internet
Slang
Be
Prohibited?
The
topic
of
Internet
Slang,
such
as
“GG,
MM,
Xia
Mi”,
is
becoming
more
and
more
popular
recently.
People
hold
different
opinions
about
it.
Some
are
in
favour
of
Internet
Slang,
holding
the
view
that
Internet
Slang
is
vivid,
fashionable
and
full
of
humor
and
intelligence.
Besides,
it
makes
chatting
on
the
Internet
quicker.
However,
others
think
Internet
Slang
lacks
depth
of
thought
and
is
too
simple.
What’s
more,
it
is
hard
to
understand
and
not
accepted
by
most
people.
The
words
sometimes
might
make
people
confused,
even
resulting
in
misunderstanding.
Every
coin
has
two
sides.
From
my
point
of
view,
living
in
the
Information
Age,
if
we
don’t
know
the
Internet
Slang,
we
seem
to
fall
behind
the
times.
It
will
be
OK
as
long
as
these
terms
are
used
correctly
in
proper
situations.
主题活动·素养提升
The
topic:
e-commerce
Pros:
It
is
more
convenient
since
we
do
not
have
to
waste
during
the
traffic
jam
or
waiting
in
the
line.
It
can
provide
us
a
wide
range
of
choices
about
what
we
need.
It
can
save
us
much
time
that
we
spend
in
going
to
supermarket.
.
.
.
Cons:
It
is
challenging
and
changing
the
traditional
model
of
running
business.
It
is
dependent,
which
would
make
a
man
lazy.
It
may
cheat
us
by
providing
fake
products.
.
.
.
Your
opinion:
__________________________.
?
The
reason:
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________?
I
am
in
favour
of
e-commerce
Each
coin
has
two
sides.
E-commerce
does
have
its
limits,
but
it
is
actually
booming
in
every
corner
of
our
lives.
We
can
buy
clothes,
food
and
almost
everything
on
the
Internet.
Besides,
we
can
book
the
hotel,
tickets
and
pay
various
kinds
of
bills
on
it,
which
is
more
convenient.
名作赏读·素养培优
【导语】《小妇人》这部小说以家庭生活为描写对象,
以家庭成员的感情纠葛为线索,
描写了马奇一家的天伦之爱。马奇家的四姐妹中,
无论是为了爱情甘于贫困的梅格,
还是通过自己奋斗成为作家的乔,
以及坦然面对死亡的贝思和以扶弱为己任的艾美,
虽然她们的理想和命运都不尽相同,
但是她们都具有自强自立的共同特点。文中描写了她们对家庭的眷恋;
对爱的忠诚以及对亲情的渴望。《小妇人》是一本以女性角色为主,
强调女权意识的半自传体小说。文中注重表现女性意识,
宣扬美好品质。
Little
Women(excerpt)
“Really,
girls,
you
are
both
to
be
blamed,
”
said
Meg,
beginning
to
lecture
in
her
elder-sisterly
fashion.
“You
are
old
enough
to
leave
off
boyish
tricks,
and
to
behave
better,
Josephine.
It
didn’t
matter
so
much
when
you
were
a
little
girl,
but
now
you
are
so
tall,
and
turn
up
your
hair,
you
should
remember
that
you
are
a
young
lady.
”
“I’m
not!
And
if
turning
up
my
hair
makes
me
one,
I’ll
wear
it
in
two
tails
till
I’m
twenty,
”
cried
Jo,
pulling
off
her
net,
and
shaking
down
a
chestnut
mane.
“I
hate
to
think
I’ve
got
to
grow
up,
and
be
Miss
March,
and
wear
long
gowns,
and
look
as
prim
as
a
China
Aster!
It’s
bad
enough
to
be
a
girl,
anyway,
when
I
like
boy’s
games
and
work
and
manners!
I
can’t
get
over
my
disappointment
in
not
being
a
boy.
And
it’s
worse
than
ever
now,
for
I’m
dying
to
go
and
fight
with
Papa.
And
I
can
only
stay
home
and
knit,
like
a
poky
old
woman!
”
And
Jo
shook
the
blue
army
sock
till
the
needles
rattled
like
castanets,
and
her
ball
bounded
across
the
room.
“Poor
Jo!
It’s
too
bad,
but
it
can’t
be
helped.
So
you
must
try
to
be
contented
with
making
your
name
boyish,
and
playing
brother
to
us
girls,
”
said
Beth,
stroking
the
rough
head
with
a
hand
that
all
the
dish
washing
and
dusting
in
the
world
could
not
make
ungentle
in
its
touch.
“As
for
you,
Amy,
”
continued
Meg,
“you
are
altogether
to
particular
and
prim.
Your
airs
are
funny
now,
but
you’ll
grow
up
an
affected
little
goose,
if
you
don’t
take
care.
I
like
your
nice
manners
and
refined
ways
of
speaking,
when
you
don’t
try
to
be
elegant.
But
your
absurd
words
are
as
bad
as
Jo’s
slang.
”
“If
Jo
is
a
tomboy
and
Amy
a
goose,
what
am
I,
please?
”
asked
Beth,
ready
to
share
the
lecture.
“You’re
a
dear,
and
nothing
else,
”
answered
Meg
warmly,
and
no
one
contradicted
her,
for
the
“Mouse”
was
the
pet
of
the
family.
素养小测
初步
感知
1.
What
does
the
underlined
word
“airs”mean
in
Paragraph
6?
A.
The
mixture
of
gases
that
surrounds
the
earth
and
that
we
breathe.
B.
A
way
of
behaving
that
shows
that
sb.
thinks
that
they
are
more
important
than
they
really
are.
2.
Does
Jo
want
to
be
a
boy
or
a
girl?
Why
is
that?
___________________________________________________________
______
答案:
B
Jo
wants
to
be
a
boy.
That
is
because
she
thinks
it’s
bad
enough
to
be
a
girl.
素养小测
理性
判断
3.
Does
Beth
approve
of
Jo
becoming
more
boyish?
______________
思维
拓展
4.
What
does
the
goose
represent
in
Western
culture?
________________
No.
she
doesn’t.
It
represents
love.
译文:
《小妇人》(节选)
“我说姑娘们,
你们两个都不对,
”梅格开始以姐姐的身份说教。
“约瑟芬,
你已经长大了,
不应再玩男孩子的把戏,
应该检点一些。你还是小姑娘时这倒没有什么,
但你现在已长得这么高,
而且网起了头发,
就得记住自己是个年轻女士。”
“我不是!
如果网起头发就把我当女士的话,
我就梳两条辫子,
直到二十岁,
”乔大声叫起来。她拉掉发网,
披落一头栗色的厚发。”
我恨我得长大,
得做马奇小姐。我恨穿长礼服,
恨故作正经的漂亮小姐。我喜欢男孩子的游戏,
男孩子的活儿以及男孩子的风度,
却偏偏是个女孩子,
真是倒霉透了。当不成男孩真让我止不住失望,
可现在比以往任何时候都要糟,
因为我是那么想跟爸爸一起参加战斗,
却只能待在家中做女工,
像个死气沉沉的老太太!
”乔抖动蓝色的军袜,
把里头的针弄得铮铮作响,
线团也滚落到整个房间。
“可怜的乔!
真是不幸,
但有什么办法呢?
你只好把自己的名字改得男子气一些,
扮演我们姐妹的哥哥,
找点安慰。”贝思一边说,
一边用手抚摸着她那蓬乱的脑袋,
尽管洗了那么多碗碟,
掸了那么多灰尘,
这只手的触摸还是很温柔。
“至于你,
艾美,
”梅格接着说,
”你过于讲究,
过于一本正经。你的神态现在看上去挺有趣,
但要是一不小心,
长大就会变成个装模作样的小傻瓜。如果不刻意作态,
你的言谈举止倒是十分优雅的,
不过你那些荒谬的言语和乔的傻话却是半斤对八两。”
“如果乔是个假小子,
艾美是个小傻瓜,
请问,
我是什么?
”贝思问道,
准备好听说教。
“你是个乖宝贝,
再没别的,
”梅格亲热地答道。此话无人反驳,
因为这位“小胆鼠”是全家人的宠儿。
