(共47张PPT)
中考英语复习语法专题
万变归一
–
句子结构
通用版
2021
2021年3月
目录
CONTENTS
句子概述
A
简单句
B
并列句
C
复合句
D
特殊结构
E
概述
PART
01
了解句子
01
句子结构
句子按照其结构可分为：简单句、并列句和复合句。
简单句由一个主谓结构构成；
并列句由两个或两个以上的简单句并列而成；
复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。
句子结构
主语
谓语部分
简单句
PART
02
一个谓语
02
简单句
由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成的句子。
有且只有一个谓语动词。
从动作和状态两方面描述世界：谁做某事，或者谁是怎么样的。
简单句有五种基本形式。
简单句
–
基本句型
主语
+
系动词
+
表语
He
is
a
true
hero.
The
lights
turn
red.
Sichuan
food
tastes
delicious.
简单句
–
基本句型
主语
+
不及物动词
I
don’t
agree.
He
is
playing.
Lucy
and
Lily
come.
简单句
–
基本句型
主语
+
及物动词
+
宾语
I
love
English.
He
plays
basketball.
Lucy
and
Lily
visited
many
places
of
interest.
简单句
–
基本句型
主语
+
及物动词
+
直接宾语
+
间接宾语
My
friend
offered
me
a
ticket.
He
gives
me
advice.
Her
parents
bought
her
a
new
phone.
简单句
–
基本句型
主语
+
及物动词
+
直接宾语
+
宾语补足语
We
keep
the
room
clean.
He
see
them
playing.
The
teacher
made
him
the
monitor.
并列句
PART
03
排排坐
03
并列句
并列句由两个或两个以上简单句并列而成，有两套或两套以上的主谓结构。
各分句可以独立存在；
分句间用连词或特殊符号连接。
并列句
–
并列连词
and
表示并列或顺承关系
Soon
it
was
dark
and
it
started
to
rain
heavily.
Work
hard,
and
you
will
realize
your
dream.
并列句
–
并列连词
but
和
yet
表转折或对比关系
Linda
is
short,
but
she
is
good
at
running.
I
was
in
the
most
beautiful
city
in
the
world,
yet
I
only
wanted
to
go
home.
并列句
–
并列连词
or
表选择关系
Hurry
up,
or
you
will
be
late.
Don’t
judge
anything
or
draw
a
conclusion.
Turn
to
your
teacher
or
use
a
dictionary.
并列句
–
并列连词
for
表原因
I
have
to
go
home
on
foot,
for
I
lost
the
key
to
my
car.
so表结果
This
problem
is
too
hard,
so
few
students
can
work
it
out.
并列句
–
特殊符号
冒号
:
用来连接两个关系密切的分句，第二个分句是第一个的再述或结果
。
She
began
to
work
hard:
she
had
finally
come
to
her
sense.
并列句
–
特殊符号
分号
;
用来连接意义相关且同等重要的分句。
As
a
great
man
says,
“We
make
a
living
by
what
we
get;
we
make
a
life
by
what
we
give.
并列句
–
特殊符号
破折号
—
用来连接并列分句，第二个分句是对第一个分句的补充说明或总结。
All
these
inventions
have
one
thing
in
common
–
the
kids
were
trying
to
solve
problems
in
their
lives.
复合句
PART
04
句子变身
04
复合句
复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成；
复合句只有一个主句；
从句是主句的某一个句子成分；
从句根据性质不同，可分为名词性从句、形容词性和副词性从句。
复合句
名词性从句可在主句中起名词作用，能充当主语、表语、宾语、同位语等句子成分，我们通常称之为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句等。
形容词性从句即定语从句；
副词性从句即状语从句；
复合句
–
名词性从句
名词性从句，中招考点集中在宾语从句中，重点考查引导词，时态、语序三个方面。
主语从句与宾语从句类似。
主语从句通常会用it作形式主语，而把做真正的主语从句置于句末。
复合句
–
主语从句
“It
+
be
+
名词（短语）
+
that
从句”
It’s
good
news
that
you
made
great
progress.
“It
+
be
+
形容词+
that
从句”
It’s
interesting
that
there
are
many
people
who
speak
French
in
Canada.
复合句
–
主语从句
“It
+
be
+
过去分词+
that
从句”
It’s
said
that
Confucius
had
thousands
of
students.
“It
+
不及物动词+
that
从句”
It
happened
that
the
bookstore
was
next
to
the
toy
shop.
复合句
–
主语从句
“It
+
doesn’t
matter+
主语从句”
“It
+
makes
no
difference
+
主语从句”
It
makes
no
difference
whether
you
can
swim
or
not.
复合句
–
主语从句
主语从句出现在疑问句或感叹句中，常用it
作形式主语，主语从句置于句末。
Is
it
true
that
trees
do
two
main
things
to
the
air?
What
a
pity
it
is
that
you
missed
the
concert.
复合句
–
表语从句
充当表语的从句叫表语从句；
表语从句的引导词主要有：that,
whether,
as
if/though,
because和各种特殊疑问词；
It
sounds
as
if
you
enjoyed
drawing
pictures.
Why
is
the
sky
blue?
It’s
because
light
is
made
up
of
many
colors
including
blue.
复合句
–
宾语从句
充当宾语的从句叫宾语从句；
宾语从句主要有三种存在位置：及物动词后、介词后和“系动词+形容词”结构后；
宾语从句考点集中在三种引导词、时态一致、陈述句语序三个方面；
详细要点请参考《宾语从句》讲解及练习。
复合句
–
同位语从句
充当同位语的从句叫同位语从句；
同位语从句的引导词主要有：that,
whether，who,
whom,
whose,
what,
when,
where,
how
和why。
同位语从句前的词常有：idea,
plan,
fact,
hope,
news,
theory,
truth,
information等
复合句
–
形容词性从句
定语从句在复合句中修饰名词或代词（先行词），相当于形容词；
定语从句需要有关系词引导；关系词分为关系代词和关系副词，他们一方面在意义上指代先行词，另一方面在形式上是从句的某一句子成分；
详细要点请参考《定语从句》讲解及练习。
复合句
–
副词性从句
状语从句在复合句中修饰动词、形容词、副词，相当于副词；
状语从句主要有时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句等；
状语从句一般由从属连词引导；
详细要点请参考《状语从句》讲解及练习。
特殊结构
PART
04
谓语动词是核心
05
特殊结构
–
祈使句
祈使句一般用来表示命令、请求、劝说、号召、警告等；
祈使句的主语是第二人称you，常省略；
祈使句的谓语动词用原形，没有时态、人称和数的变化。
祈使句读降调。
特殊结构
–
祈使句
Be
a
creative
boy!
Be
quiet!
Please
give
me
a
hand.
Pass
me
the
ball,
please.
Let
us
go
shopping,
will
you?
Let’s
go
shopping,
shall
we?
Let
him
come
in!
Read
the
book!
特殊结构
–
祈使句
祈使句的否定句，在祈使句前加Don’t.
Don’t
give
up!
Don’t
be
late!
在公共场合或标语中，常用“No+名词/动名词”
No
smoking!
特殊结构
–
感叹句
感叹句用来表达强烈的感情，句末常用感叹号；
祈使句的主语是第二人称you，常省略；
祈使句的谓语动词用原形，没有时态、人称和数的变化。
感叹句读降调。
There
be句型
There
be
结构的基本句型为：There
be
+
主语
+
地点状语/时间状语，表示时间或空间存在某人/事/物；
There
be中的there是引导词，无实际意义；
There
are
many
people
living
here.
There
be句型
谓语动词be与后面主语（或多个主语中离得最近的一个）的人称和数保持一致；
There
be的句型的时态与时间状语保持一致。
There
is
a
sofa
and
some
books.
There
are
some
books
and
a
sofa.
There
was
a
bridge
here
last
year.
There
be句型
There
be
的否定形式，在be动词后面加not，或在主语前加no。要注意some变any。如：
There
is
not
any
water
in
the
pool.
There
is
no
free
lunch
in
the
world.
There
be句型
There
be
的一般疑问句是将be动词提前，但是有情态动词或其它助动词时，则将情态动词或助动词提前。
Are
there
any
students
in
the
classroom?
Will
there
be
world
peace?
Have
there
been
many
flowers
in
the
garden?
There
be句型
There
be
句型有多种时态：
There
is
a
cat
in
the
box.
(一般现在)
There
were
two
balls
on
the
ground.(一般过去)
There
will
be
a
match
between
us.(一般将来)
There
have/has
been
a
famous
artist.(现在完成)
There
would
be
a
fashion
show.(过去将来)
There
be句型
There
be
句型常见的三种结构：
There
is
no
use
(in)
doing
sth.
做某事没有用
There
is
no
use
worrying
or
crying.
There
is
no
need
(for
sb.)
to
do
sth.
（对某人来说）做某事没必要
There
was
no
need
for
you
to
go
there.
There
is
no
doubt
that
…
毫无疑问……
There
is
no
doubt
that
they
had
good
time.
There
be句型
There
be
句型常见的三种结构：
There
is
no
use
(in)
doing
sth.
做某事没有用
There
is
no
use
worrying
or
crying.
There
is
no
need
(for
sb.)
to
do
sth.
（对某人来说）做某事没必要
There
was
no
need
for
you
to
go
there.
There
is
no
doubt
that
…
毫无疑问……
There
is
no
doubt
that
they
had
good
time.中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
句子结构练习
分析下列句子结构类型：
1.
we
are
working.。
2.
I
can
swim
very
well.
3.
The
waiter
brought
a
bottle
of
beer
to
me.
4.
Why
does
the
wind
blow.
5.
The
rain
has
been
pulling
down
for
a
whole
day.
6.
Both
Tom
and
Jack
enjoy
country
music.
7.
Jim
asked
you
to
give
his
best
wishes
to
everyone.
8.
You
must
get
the
car
ready
by
tomorrow.
9.
I
have
a
lot
of
clothes
to
wash.
10.
He
gave
his
son
some
advice
on
reading.
11.
Read
me
the
first
paragraph.
12.
I’ve
ordered
some
soup
for
you.
13.
He
began
leaning
English
ten
years
ago.
14.
My
being
late
worried
my
teacher.
15.
The
president
himself
would
visit
our
school.
16.
April
fool’Day
is
the
special
day
of
the
year
17.
He
usually
takes
a
nap
after
lunch.
18.
I
got
it
back
at
once.
19.
He
finished
lunch
and
went
into
the
garden.
20.
The
telephone
rang.
21.
We
study
hard.
22.
His
father
might
have
died.
23.
Will
you
leave
the
door
open/
unclosed
24.
Can
you
make
the
dog
stand
still?
25.
The
landlord
had
them
working
day
and
night.
26.
A
sound
knowledge
of
grammar
is
important
to
good
writing.
27.
We
all
breathe,
eat,
and
drink.
28.
I
woke
up
at
6:00
in
the
morning.
29.
The
book
weighs
five
kilos.
30.
They
will
be
flying
to
London.
31.
The
shop
assistant
found
some
certain
materials
for
me.
32.
He
promised
me
a
new
English-Chinese
dictionary.
33.
Please
pass
a
newly-
published
to
me.
34.
He
lived
in
Guang
Zhou.
35.
The
father
is
showing
the
boy
how
to
plant
trees.
36.
His
uncle
left
him
some
money.
37.
She
has
taught
us
English
for
3
years.
38.
I
like
popular
music.
39.
She
knows
what
to
do
next.
40.
I
hate
arriving
late.
41.
The
meeting
starts
at
three.
42.
My
heart
is
beating
loudly.
43.
Tom’s
birthday
is
two
weeks
away.
44.
He
told
me
the
news
by
telephone.
45.
There
are
many
people
in
the
room.
46.
He
isn’t
as
tall
as
his
brother.
47.
I
have
a
new
sweater.
48.
It
is
important
to
learn
a
foreign
language
now.
49.
Trees
turn
green
in
spring.
50.
He
wants
to
be
a
doctor.
51.
He
refused
to
help
me.
52.
My
teacher
advises
me
to
read
English
every
day.
53.
He
became
ill
again.
54.
He
gives
me
a
pen.
55.
He
speaks
English
better
than
me.
56.
The
earth
is
bigger
than
the
moon.
57.
There
are
some
babies
in
the
garden.
58.
We
have
had
supper.
59.
The
policemen
are
looking
for
the
missed
paper.
60.
They
elected
him
chairman.
【答案与解析】
1.
We
are
working.
我们在工作。主系表
2.
I
can
swim
very
well.
我游泳泳地很好。主谓
3.
The
waiter
brought
a
bottle
of
beer
to
me.
那个使者给我了一瓶啤酒。主谓双宾/主谓宾状
4.
Why
does
the
wind
blow?
风为什么会吹？主谓
5.
The
rain
has
been
pulling
down
for
a
whole
day.
雨已经下了一整天了。主谓
6.
Both
Tom
and
Jack
enjoy
country
music.
汤姆和杰克都喜欢乡村音乐。主谓宾
7.
Jim
asked
you
to
give
his
best
wishes
to
everyone.
吉姆请我把他的最好的祝愿带给每个人。主谓宾补
8.
You
must
get
the
car
ready
by
tomorrow.
到明天为止你一定要把小车准备好。主谓宾补
9.
I
have
a
lot
of
clothes
to
wash.
我有许多的衣服需要洗。主谓宾，to
wash做clothes的定语
10.
He
gave
his
son
some
advice
on
reading.
他在阅读方面给了他的儿子一些建议。主谓双宾
11.
Read
me
the
first
paragraph.
给我读第一段。主谓双宾
12.
I’ve
ordered
some
soup
for
you.
我已经为你要了一些汤。主谓双宾/主谓宾状
13.
He
began
leaning
English
ten
years
ago.
十年前他开始学英语。主谓宾
14.
My
being
late
worried
my
teacher.
我的迟到让我的老师很担心。主谓宾，动名词短语My
being
late做主语
15.
The
president
himself
would
visit
our
school.
总统将亲自参观我们的学校。主谓宾
16.
April
fool’Day
is
the
special
day
of
the
year
愚人节是一年中很特别的一天。主系表
17.
He
usually
takes
a
nap
after
lunch.
他通常在午饭之后要小睡一会儿。主谓宾
18.
I
got
it
back
at
once.
我马上把它取回
。主谓宾
19.
He
finished
lunch
and
went
into
the
garden.
他吃完午饭后去了花园。主+并列谓语
20.
The
telephone
rang.
电话响了。主谓
21.
We
study
hard.
我们努力学习。主谓
22.
His
father
might
have
died.
他的父亲可能已经去世了。主谓
23.
Will
you
leave
the
door
open/
unclosed?
你要把门开着？主谓宾补
24.
Can
you
make
the
dog
stand
still?
你能让那只狗站着不动吗？主谓宾补
25.
The
landlord
had
them
working
day
and
night.
地主让他们整天工作，主谓宾补
26.
A
sound
knowledge
of
grammar
is
important
to
good
writing.
扎实的语法知识对于写作是重要的。主系表
27.
We
all
breathe,
eat，
and
drink.
我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。主谓
28.
I
woke
up
at
6:00
in
the
morning。
我在早上6点钟起床。主谓
29.
The
book
weighs
five
kilos.
那本书重达10斤。主谓，five
kilos做状语
30.
They
will
be
flying
to
London.
他们将飞往伦敦。主谓宾
31.
The
shop
assistant
found
some
certain
materials
for
me.
那个店员为我找到一些材料。主谓双宾/主谓宾状
32.
He
promised
me
a
new
English-Chinese
dictionary.
他许诺说要给我一本新英汉字典。主谓双宾
33.
Please
pass
a
newly-
published
to
me.
请递给我一本新出版的。主谓双宾/主谓宾状
34.
He
lived
in
Guang
Zhou.
他住在广州。主谓宾
35.
The
father
is
showing
the
boy
how
to
plant
trees.
那位父亲正在给那个男孩演示怎么种树。主谓双宾
36.
His
uncle
left
him
some
money.
他的叔叔留给了他一些钱。主谓双宾
37.
She
has
taught
us
English
for
3
years.
她已经教我们英语三年了。主谓双宾
38.
I
like
popular
music.
我喜欢流行音乐。主谓宾
39.
She
knows
what
to
do
next.
她知道下一步怎么做。主谓双宾
40.
I
hate
arriving
late.
我讨厌来晚。主谓双宾
41.
The
meeting
starts
at
three.
会议在三点开始。主谓
42.
My
heart
is
beating
loudly.
我的心跳的很厉害。主谓
43.
Tom’s
birthday
is
two
weeks
away.
汤姆的生日是在两星期之后。主系表
44.
He
told
me
the
news
by
telephone.
他是通过电话告诉我那个消息的。主谓双宾
45.
There
are
many
people
in
the
room.
房间里有很多人。There
be句型
46.
He
isn’t
as
tall
as
his
brother.
他和他的哥哥不一样高。主系表
47.
I
have
a
new
sweater.
我有一件新运动衣。主谓宾
48.
It
is
important
to
learn
a
foreign
language
now.
现在去学一们外语是非常重要的。主系表
49.
Trees
turn
green
in
spring.
树木在春天变成绿色。主系表
50.
He
wants
to
be
a
doctor.
他要成为一个医生。主谓宾
51.
He
refused
to
help
me.
他拒绝帮助我。主谓宾
52.
My
teacher
advises
me
to
read
English
every
day.
我的老师建议我每天读英语。主谓宾补
53.
He
became
ill
again.
他又病了。主系表
54.
He
gives
me
a
pen.
他给我一只笔。主谓双宾
55.
He
speaks
English
better
than
me.
他说英语比我好。主谓宾
56.
The
earth
is
bigger
than
the
moon.
地球比月亮大。主系表
57.
There
are
some
babies
in
the
garden.
在花园里面有一些婴儿。There
be句型
58.
We
have
had
supper.
我们吃过午饭了。主谓宾
59.
The
policemen
are
looking
for
the
missed
paper.
警察正在寻找失踪的文件。主谓宾
60.
They
elected
him
chairman.
他们推选他当主席。主谓宾补
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