(共54张PPT)
中考英语复习语法专题
宾至如归–
宾语从句
通用版
2021
2021年3月
目录
CONTENTS
概述
A
引导词
B
语序
C
时态
D
简化
E
引语
F
概述
PART
01
了解宾语从句
01
宾语从句概述
用法
例句
及物动词后
I
think
(that)
you
are
right.
介词后
He
just
cares
about
whether
he
can
make
more
money.
“系动词+形容词”后
I’m
not
sure
how
old
he
is.
“系动词
+
形容词
+
宾语从句”
“系动词
+
形容词
+
宾语从句”中，从句是复合谓语“系动词
+
形容词”的宾语。
常见的可用于此结构的形容词有：
词汇
意义
词汇
意义
词汇
意义
happy
高兴
sure
确定
afraid
害怕
glad
高兴
sorry
抱歉
thankful
感谢
proud
自豪
certain
确信
satisfied
满意
宾语从句概述
宾语从句可以理解为一个句子以名词性出现，在句子中充当宾语。
因此，宾语从句是一个名词性从句。
如果一个句子以名词性出现，根据其充当句子成分不同，就出现了主语从句、表语从句等。
宾语从句概述
当主句满足以下三个条件时，宾语从句的not须转移到主句中，即主句谓语用否定式，从句谓语用肯定式。
人称：第一人称
谓语：表示观点、信息、推测等心理活动：think,
believe,
suppose,
expect,
guess,
feel,
imagine等；
时态：一般现在时
宾语从句概述
否定转移举例：
I
think
he
isn’t
right.
(?
)
I
don’t
think
he
is
right.
(?
)
引导词
PART
02
三类
02
宾语从句引导词一览
类别
引导词
用法
连词
that
(无实义)
陈述句变宾语从句
whether
/
if
(是否)
一般疑问句变宾语从句
代词
who
(谁)
whoever(无论谁)
what(什么)
whatever(无论什么)
which(哪个)
whichever(无论哪个)
whom(谁)
whose(谁的)
特殊疑问句变宾语从句
副词
when(什么时候)
where(什么地方)
how(怎么)
why(为什么)
whenever(无论何时)
wherever(无论哪里)
that
that
引导宾语从句时，无实义，在从句中不充当任何句子成分，口语或非正式场合可忽略。
I
believe
(that)
he
will
help
you.
He
thinks
(that)
you
should
feel
sorry
about
that.
that不可省略的情况
从句主语是this,
that或被this,
that修饰时；
You
know
that
this
picture
is
very
famous.
主语谓语动词与从句之间有插入语时；
Once
they
found,
by
accident,
that
they
could
look
for
a
new
member.
that不可省略的情况
从句中含有复合句时；
The
speaker
said
that
if
everyone
did
even
one
of
these
things
every
day,
it
could
do
a
lot
to
reduce
global
warming.
that不可省略的情况
一个句子含有由并列连词连接的两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，只有第一个可省略；
He
said
(that)
he
came
from
the
future
and
that
he
was
an
American
soldier
from
the
year
2036.
that不可省略的情况
当it作宾语代替宾语从句时；
As
one
gets
closer,
the
windows
make
it
clear
that
this
is
a
building.
if
/
whether
if
/
whether
引导宾语从句时，不在从句中充当任何句子成分，不可省略。
I
wonder
if
I
can
use
your
dictionary
for
a
while.
They
want
to
know
whether
they
could
have
a
party.
只用
whether
的情况
与or?not连用时
I?don’t?know?whether?he?likes?the?movie?or?not.?
作介词的宾语时
Everything?depends?on?whether?we?have?enough?time.
只用
whether
的情况
放在不定式前，与不定式组成词组时
She?hasn’t?decided?whether?to?go?or?not.
引导宾语从句位于句首时
Whether?my
grandpa
knew
this,
I
don’t
know.
疑问词做引导词
疑问代词可作连接代词引导宾语从句；
疑问副词可作连接副词引导宾语从句；
疑问词作引导词使用时，在从句中充当一定的句子成分。
引导词练习
用that,
if,
whether,
how,
when,
what
填空，每词限用一次。
We
found
that
only
fifteen
percent
of
our
students
exercise
every
day.
I
don’t
know
what
they
are
going
to
do.
Do
you
know
when
the
bookstore
closes
today?
He
showed
us
how
he
worked
out
this
math
problem.
I
wonder
if
June
is
a
good
time
to
visit
Hong
Kong.
I
am
not
sure
whether
your
answer
is
right
or
wrong.
语序
PART
03
陈述句语序
03
从句中必须用陈述句语序，
即“连接词＋主语＋谓语＋其他部分”。如：
I
don’t
know
where
he
lives.
↓
↓
↓
连接词
主语
谓语
时态
PART
04
三大原则
04
宾语从句时态三原则
需要性原则：主句是现在时（包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时），从句时态随句意。如：
Do
you
know
who
________(know)
the
answer？
knows
宾语从句时态三原则
呼应性原则：主句是过去时（包括一般过去时、过去进行时），从句相应地用过去的某种时态。如：
Kate
said
she
___________(read)newspaper
at
this
time
yesterday.
He
told
me
that
he
______
(take)
my
book
by
mistake.
was
reading
took
宾语从句时态三原则
特殊性原则：从句表示客观事实、真理或自然现象，无论主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。如：
Miss
Hu
said
that
the
earth
________(go)
around
the
sun.
goes
简化
PART
05
5种情况
05
宾语从句的简化
宾语从句主语与主句主语相同时，可简化为不定式结构。如引导词有词义，则须保留引导词。
He
doesn’t
know
what
he
can
do.
?
He
doesn’t
know
what
to
do.
宾语从句的简化
主句的谓语动词后跟双宾语，且从句主语与主句间接宾语一致时，可简化为不定式结构。
Can
you
tell
me
what
I
should
do
next?
?
Can
you
tell
me
what
to
do
next?
宾语从句的简化
主句的谓语动词是
order,
require等词，且主句主语与从句主语不一致时，可简化为不定式结构。
Emperor
Qin
ordered
that
his
people
should
join
the
wall
together.
?
Emperor
Qin
ordered
his
people
to
join
the
wall
together.
宾语从句的简化
主句的谓语动词是
find,
hear,
see等感官词，可简化为“宾语+宾补”的形式。
We
often
see
that
he
reads
books
in
the
study.
We
often
see
him
read
books
in
the
study.
宾语从句的简化
有时，宾语从句可以简化为名词（短语）。
We
seldom
believe
what
he
says.
We
seldom
believe
his
words.
直接引语与间接引语
PART
06
设身处地
06
直接引语与间接引语
直接引语就是用引号直接引述别人的原话；
间接引语就是用自己的话转述别人的话。
两种引用方式都要用say,
ask,
tell等动词引述。
A:
I
am
tired.
B:
A
said,
“I
am
tired.”
(直接引语)
C:
A
said
(that)
she
was
tired.
(间接引语)
直接引语与间接引语
要素
直接引语
间接引语
标点
引语在引号内；
引语前有逗号；
引语后有句号、问号、感叹号等
引述动词与引语间不用标点。
引语
对原话不做任何改动
有人称、时态等变化
引述动词
ask
问
order
命令
say
说
tell
告诉
add
补充
shout
叫
repeat
重复
think
想
cry
喊
直接引语变间接引语
–
人称变化
口诀
说明
直接引语
间接引语
一
随
主
二随宾
三
不
变
引号内的第一人称变间引后与主句主语的人称保持一致
引号内的第二人称变间引后与主句宾语的人称保持一致
引号内的第三人
称在变间引后去人
称不变
She
said,“
I
like
Tennis.”
She
said
that
she
liked
tennis
He
said
to
Lily,
“
you
must
get
up
early”
He
told
Lily
that
she
must
get
up
early
She
said
to
me
,
“
They
want
to
help
him”
She
told
me
that
they
wanted
to
help
him
直接引语变间接引语
–
时态变化
直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。
1)
一般现在时→一般过去时态；
She
said:
“
I
am
a
student.
”
→
She
said
(that)
she
was
a
student.
直接引语变间接引语
–
时态变化
直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。
2)一般将来时→过去将来时
She?said,
"He?will?go?to?see?his?friend.”
→She?said?he?would?go?to?see?his?friend。
直接引语变间接引语
–
时态变化
直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。
3)
现在进行时→过去进行时；
She
said
,“I
am
reading
a
book.”
→She
said
she
was
reading
a
book.
直接引语变间接引语
–
时间状语变化
直接引语变间接引语，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”
He
said,
”I
want
to
go
swimming
now.
”
→
He
said
he
wanted
to
go
swimming
then.
其它常见变化
：ago—before;
this
morning—that
morning
yesterday—the
day
before;
tomorrow—the
next
day
next
week—the
following
week/the
next
week
yesterday
morning—the
morning
before
直接引语变间接引语
–
地点状语变化
直接引语变间接引语，地点状语由“here”改为“there”
He
said,
“I
want
to
come
here
again.
”
→
He
said
he
wanted
to
go
there
again.
直接引语变间接引语
–
谓语动词变化
直接引语变间接引语，谓语动词也会发生变化，主要有三个：come
变成
go,
bring变为take,
am/is变为is
She
said,
“I
am
sad.
”
→
She
said
she
was
sad.
She
said,
“I
came
here
last
year.
”
→
She
said
she
went
there
the
year
before.
直接引语变间接引语
–
谓语动词变化
直接引语变间接引语，指示代词也会发生变化：this
变成
that,
these变为those
She
said,
“This
is
my
new
bike.
”
→
She
said
that
was
her
new
bike.
直接引语变间接引语
–
句型转换
陈述句：用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。say,
也可用tell来代替，注意，可以说say
that,
tell
sb.
that，不可直接说tell
that。
Mayun
often
says,"
China
is
great.
"
→
He
often
says
(that)
China
is
great.
直接引语变间接引语
–
句型转换
一般疑问句：间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词say要改为ask
，语序要变为陈述语序
He
said,
“Do
you
have
any
difficulty
with
pronunciation
?
”
?
He
asked
(me)
whether/if
I
had
any
difficulty
with
my
pronunciation.
直接引语变间接引语
–
句型转换
特殊疑问句：原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask(sb.
)来表达，语序改为陈述句语序
He
said
to
me,“What's
your
name?”
?
He
asked
me
what
my
name
was.
直接引语变间接引语
–
句型转换
祈使句：直接引语是祈使句，则改为tell/order/ask
sb.
(not)
to
do
sth.
其他变化同上。
He
said,
“Please
come
here
tomorrow.”
?
He
asked
me
to
go
there
the
next
day.
直接引语变间接引语
–
句型转换
选择疑问句：间接引语用whether
…
or。
He
asked
me,
“Will
you
stay
at
home
or
go
to
see
a
film?”
?
He
asked
me
whether
I
would
stay
at
home
or
go
to
see
a
film.
练习
填空完成间接引语或直接引语，每空一词。
“Don't
forget
to
give
the
message
to
my
wife,”
he
said
to
Li
Ping.
→
He
_______
Li
Ping
_____??_____??forget
to
give
the
message
to
_______
wife.
“Mum,
please
help
me
find
my
shirt,”
he
said.
→
He
_______??his
mother
_______??help
_______
find
_______??shirt.
told
not
to
his
asked
to
him
his
练习
3.
“Use
your
knife
to
cut
the
boots
open,”
the
officer
said
to
the
guard.
→The
officer
____?the
guard?____
_____
_____?knife
to
cut
the
boots
open.
4.
“Don't
spend
too
much
time
on
football!”
mother
said
to
me.
→Mother
____?me?_____??_____??_____
too
much
time
on
football.
5.
“Will
you
sleep
and
get
up
early,
children?”
father
asked.
→
Father
_____?the
children
_____
____
?and
_____?up
early.
told
use
his
knife
told
not
to
spend
asked
to
sleep
get
练习
变下列直接引语为间接引语。
1.“Stop
talking,
please,”
the
monitor
said
to
the
class.
__________________________________
2.“Repeat
it
three
times,”
the
teacher
said
to
her.
______________________________________
3.“Will
you
buy
some
bread
for
me?”
he
said
to
her.
______________________________________
4.“Don't
take
off
your
coat,”
she
said
to
her
sister.??
______________________________________
5.
“Stay
here!”
the
officer
said
to
the
soldier.
_____________________________________
The
monitor
asked
the
class
to
stop
talking.
The
teacher
told
her
to
repeat
it
three
times.
He
asked
her
if
she
could
buy
some
bread
for
him.
She
told
her
sister
not
to
take
off
her
coat.
The
officer
told
the
soldier
to
stay
there.
https://www.21cnjy.com/help/help_extract.php中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
宾语从句练习
一、判断下列各句哪句含有名词性从句，并指出是什么从句：
1.
China
is
no
longer
what
it
used
to
be.
2.
The
truth
that
the
earth
turn
around
the
sun
is
known
to
all.
3.
It
was
snowing
when
he
arrived
at
the
station.
4.
How
he
persuaded
the
manager
to
change
the
plan
is
interesting
to
us
all.
5.
The
news
that
they
had
won
the
game
soon
spread
over
the
whole
school.
6.
The
news
that
you
told
me
yesterday
was
really
disappointing.
7.
That
is
where
LuXun
used
to
live.
8.
He
spoke
as
if
he
understood
what
he
was
talking
about.
9.
Do
you
remember
the
teacher
who
taught
us
English
at
middle
school?
10.
I
wonder
why
she
refused
my
invitation.
二、用适当的连词填空：
1.
I
can’t
decide
____________
dictionary
I
should
buy.
2.
That’s
____________
he
refused
my
invitation.
3.
I
am
very
interested
in
____________
he
has
improved
his
pronunciation
in
such
a
short
time.
4.
____________
we
need
is
more
time.
5.
The
fact
____________
she
had
not
said
anything
at
the
meeting
surprised
everybody.
6.
____________
and
____________
they
will
meet
has
not
been
decided
yet.
7.
Please
tell
me
____________
you
are
waiting
for.
8.
Is
that
____________
you
are
looking
for?
9.
Would
you
please
tell
me
____________
the
nearest
post
office
is?
10.
I
don’t
know
____________
he
will
agree
to
the
plan
or
not.
三、选择填空：
1.
Do
you
see
_____
I
mean?
A.
that
B.
/
C.
how
D.
what
2.
Tell
me_____
is
on
your
mind.
A.
that
B.
what
C.
which
D.
why
3.
We
must
stick
to
_____
we
have
agreed
on.
A.
what
B.
that
C.
/
D.
how
4.
Let
me
see
_____.
A.
that
can
I
repair
the
radio
B.
whether
-I
can
repair
the
radio
C.
I
can
repair
the
radio
D.
whether
can
I
repair
the
radio
5.
Keep
in
mind
_____.
A.
that
the
teacher
said
B.
what
did
the
teacher
say
C.
that
did
the
teacher
say
D.
what
the
teacher
said
6.
Could
you
advise
me
_____?
A.
which
book
should
I
read
first
B.
what
book
should
I
read
first
C.
that
book
1
should
read
first
D.
which
book
I
should
read
first
7.
He
was
criticized
for
_____.
A.
he
had
done
it
B.
what
he
had
done
C.
what
had
he
done
D.
that
he
had
done
it
8.
Would
you
kindly
tell
me
_____?
A.
how
can
I
get
to
the
Beijing
Railway
Station
B.
how
I
can
get
to
the
Beijing
Railway
Station
C.
where
can
I
get
to
the
Beijing
Railway
Station
D.
whether
can
I
get
to
the
Beijing
Railway
Station
9.
Mrs.
Smith
was
very
much
impressed
by
_____.
A.
what
had
she
seen
in
China
B.
that
she
had
seen
in
China
C.
what
she
had
seen
in
China
D.
which
had
she
seen
in
China
10.
We
took
it
for
granted
___
A.
that
they
were
not
coming
B.
that
were
they
not
coming
C.
they
were
coming
not
D.
were
they
not
coining
11.
I
really
don't
know
_____
A.
I
should
do
next
B.
what
should
I
do
next
C.
what
I
should
do
next
D.
how
I
should
do
next
12.
I'm
afraid
_____.
A.
the
little
girl
will
have
to
be
operated
on
B.
that
will
the
little
girl
have
to
operate
on
C.
the
little
girl
will
have
to
operate
on
D.
that
will
the
little
girl
have
to
be
operated
on
13.
She
walked
up
to
_____.
A.
where
did
I
stand
B.
where
I
stood
C.
I
stood
there
D.
where
I
stood
there
14.
Can
you
tell
me
_____?
A.
who
is
that
gentleman
B.
that
gentleman
is
who
C.
who
that
gentleman
is
D.
whom
.is
that
gentleman
15.
We'll
give
you
_____.
A.
that
do
you
need
B.
what
do
you
need
C.
whatever
you
need
D.
whether
do
you
need
16.
They
want
us
to
know
_____
to
help
us.
A.
what
can
they
B.
what
they
can
C.
how
they
can
D.
how
can
they
17.
We
must
put
_____
into
practice.
A.
what
we
have
learned
B.
that
we
have
learned
C.
that
have
we
learned
D.
what
have
we
learned
18.
Did
she
say
anything
about
_____?
A.
that
the
work
was
to
be
done
B.
how
was
the
work
to
be
done
C.
that
was
the
work
to
be
done
D.
how
the
work
was
to
be
done
19.
He
was
never
satisfied
with
_____.
A.
what
she
had
achieved
B.
had
what
she
achieved
C.
she
had
achieved
D.
that
she
achieved
20.
These
photographs
will
show
you
_____.
A.
what
does
our
village
look
like
B.
what
our
village
looks
like
C.
how
does
our
village
look
like
D.
how
our
village
looks
like
21.
Peter
insisted
_____
he
pay
the
bill.
A.
on
that
B.
what
C.
that
D.
on
which
22.
They
urged
_____
the
library
open
during
the
vacation.
A.
when
B.
where
C.
why
D.
that
23.
We
wish
we
could
have
learned
_____
when
we
were
at
high
school.
A.
what
you
did
B.
that
you
had
done
C.
that
what
you
did
D.
what
did
you
do
24.1
will
describe
to
you
_____
I
saw
when
there.
A.
what
B.
that
C.
which
D./
25.
From
_____
I
should
say
he
is
a
good
worker.
A.
what
1
know
of
him
B.
that
I
do
know
of
him
C.
what
do
I
know
of
him
D.
that
do
I
know
of
him
26.
I
will
give
this
dictionary
to
__
wants
to
have
it.
A.
whomever
B.
anyone
C.
whoever
D.
someone
27._____
they
will
come
here
hasn'
t
been
decided
yet.
A.
What
B.
That
C.
When
D.
Where
28.
_____
was
said
here
must
be
kept
secret.
A.
Who
B.
The
thing
C.
Whatever
D.
Where
29.
It
is
still
a
question
_____
we
shall
have
our
sports
meet.
A.
if
B.
that
C.
what
D.
when
30.
I'm
going
anyway.
_____
she
will
go
is
up
to
her
to
decide.
A.
If
or
not
B.
Whether
or
not
C.
If
D.
That
【答案】
一、
1、表语从句；2、同位语从句；3、不是；4、主语从句；5、同位语从句；6、不是；7、表语从句；8、宾语从句；9、不是；10、宾语从句
二、
1.
which;
2.
why;
3.
how;
4.
What;
5.
that;
6.
when,
where;
7.
who(m);
8.
what;
9.
where;
10.
whether
三、
1~5
DBABD
6~10
DBBCA
11~15
CABCC
16~20
BADAB
21~25
CDAAA
26~30
CCCDB
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