2020-2021学年译林版（2019）高中英语必修3优选作业：Unit2 Natural disasters Grammar & Integrated skills

Unit 2 Natural disasters
2.3 Grammar & Integrated skills

重点词汇 1. __________ n. 飓风
2. __________ n. 会议，研讨会；讨论，商谈
3. __________n. 震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动 vt. 使震惊
4. __________ vt. & vi. 惊吓，害怕 n. 恐慌；惊吓
5. __________n. 电，电力；权力；政权；控制力；能力；能量；力量
6. __________n. 补给，补给品；供应；供应量，储备
vt. 供应，供给，提供
7. __________ vt. 捐赠，赠送；献（血）
8. __________n. 慈善机构（组织）；慈善，施舍；仁爱，宽容
9. __________ n. 全体职工；管理人员 vt. 在…工作，任职于
10. __________ n. 投影片；降低；滑行；山崩
vi. & vt. 滑行；逐渐陷入
11. __________ n. 资金；基金
12. __________ n. 洪水，水灾；大量
vt. & vi. 淹没，泛滥；大量涌入；充满
13. __________ n. 文件，公文；（计算机中的）文档
14. __________adv. 否则，不然；除此以外
15. __________adj. 好奇的；奇特的

重点词组 ______________________ 参加会议
2. ______________________ 打开
3. ______________________ 在路上；即将到来
4. ______________________ 停电；电源故障
5. ______________________ 用完，耗尽
6. ______________________ 浏览，温习；看穿，识破；从…中显露
7. ______________________ 极想做某事
8. ______________________ 涌入，大量地涌到
重点句型 1. 情态动词+have+done
2. 现在分词作伴随状语
3. 现在分词作后置定语
【重点词汇】
hurricane 2.conference 3.shock 4.scare 5.power 6.supply 7.donate 8.charity
9. staff 10.slide 11.fund 12.flood 13.document 14.otherwise 15. curoius
【重点词组】
attend a conference 2.turn on 3.on the way 4.power failure
5. take down 6. look through 7. be curious to do 8. flood in
之词汇篇
1. shock shocked adj.震惊的；震撼的 shocking adj.令人震惊的；可怕的，令人厌恶的；糟糕的
原文：As you can imagine, it was a bit of a shock. 你可以想象，这有点令人震惊。 (教材20)
◆ n. 震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动 vt. 使震惊
(1) in shock 休克；处于极度震惊状态
culture shock 文化冲击
suffer from shock 休克
(2) be shocked at 对……感到惊讶；震惊
be shocked that… 对…感到惊讶；震惊
shocking behaviour 骇人听闻的行为
shocking news 令人震惊的消息
①She still hadn't got over the shock of seeing him again.
竟然又见到了他，她到现在还惊愕不已。
②We were all shocked at the news of his death.
听到他的死讯，我们都感到震惊
③The house was left in a shocking state.
那座房子破败得不成样子了。
【跟踪典例】 完成句子
①It is ______________ that they involved children in the crime.
令人发指的是，他们教唆儿童参与犯罪活动。
②Her death was ______________________ to us all.
她的死使我们所有人都感到非常震惊。
③I _____________________ she should forget me so quickly.
我很震惊，她竟然这么快就忘记我了。
【答案】
①shocking ②a great shock ③was shocked that
2. scare scary adj. 恐怖的，吓人的 scared adj. 害怕的
原文：The strong wind and heavy rain didn’t scare me, 大风和大雨并没有吓到我, (教材P20)
◆vt. & vi. 惊吓，害怕 n. 恐慌；惊吓
(1)scare sb in to doing sth 恐慌某人做某事
scare away/ off 把…吓跑
(2)be scared to death 被吓死；害怕的要死
be scared to do sth/ of doing sth 害怕做某事
be scared that… 害怕…
①We're afraid of failure, so we scare others into cooperating with us.
我们害怕失败，因此，我们就吓唬他人要跟我们合作。
②In high school I was scared to death of you.
高中时我怕你怕得要命。
③Don't be scared to learn something new.
不要害怕学新东西。
【跟踪典例】 完成句子
①They will __________________ small birds.
它们会把小鸟吓跑。
②He looks _____________ but he's really a gentle giant.
他看上去可怕，实际却是个性格温和的巨人。
③Kelly ____________________ she would not be able to go very far.
凯莉怕她走不了多远。
【答案】
①scare away ②scary ③was scared that
3. supply provide/ offer(同义词)
原文： Were you afraid of running out of supplies? 你是怕补给用完了吗? (教材P20)
◆n. 补给，补给品；供应；供应量，储备 vt. 供应，供给，提供
(1)supply sb with sth/ supply sth to sb 提供给某人某物
(2)a good supply of 大量的
in short supply 供应不足，短缺
supply and demand 供给和需求
(3) provide sb with sth/ provide sth for sb提供给某人某物
offer sb sth/ offer sth to sb提供给某人某物
①We cannot guarantee adequate supplies of raw materials.
我们不能保证提供充足的原料。
②We supply the travel ticket to you and your cycle.
我们为您和您的自行车提供旅行票。
③Food is in short supply all over the country.
食品在全国各地都供应不足。
【跟踪典例】 完成句子
①There's usually __________________ resources around the town center.
通常情况下城镇中心周围有相当好的资源供给。
②The company decided to ___________ the local schools ____________ multimedia equipment.
The company decided to ___________ multimedia equipment ____________ the local schools.
该公司决定向当地的学校提供多媒体设备。
【答案】①a good supply of ②supply, with; supply ,to
4. donate donation n. 捐款，捐赠物；捐赠 donator n. 捐赠者
原文：Many people came to help, food and clothes to charities. 许多人来帮忙，捐赠食物和衣服给慈善机构。(教材P20)
◆捐赠，赠送；献（血）
(1) donate… to… 把… 捐赠给…
(2) make a donation to 向…捐赠
a generous/large/small donation 慷慨/大量/少量捐助
organ donation器官捐献
【跟踪典例】 完成句子
①I?think?it would be?better?to ___________________ a?temporary?shelter for?the?homeless.?
我觉得把钱捐给无家可归者的临时收容所更好。
②Would you like to ___________________ our charity appeal?
你愿意响应我们慈善团体呼吁来捐物吗？
【答案】①donate money to ②make a donation to
5. otherwise
原文：…otherwise the moving water could wash the car away! …否则流动的水会把车冲走! (教材P23)
◆adv. 否则，不然；除此以外
or otherwise或其他情况；或相反
and otherwise 等等；及其他
true or otherwise 真真假假
祈使句+otherwise+陈述句
①My parents lent me the money. Otherwise, I couldn't have afforded the trip.
我父母借钱给我了。否则，我可付不起这次旅费。
②Bismarck, otherwise known as ‘the Iron Chancellor’
俾斯麦，亦称为“铁血首相”
③It was necessary to discover the truth or otherwise of these statements.
有必要查证这些说法的真实性或虚假性。
【跟踪典例】
①We're committed to the project. We wouldn't be here ______________.
我们是全心全意投入这项工作的，否则我们就不会到这里来了
②It was necessary to discover the __________________ of these statements.
有必要查证这些说法的真实性或虚假性。
②You must work hard ______________ you will lose your place in the class.
你必须努力学习，否则你在班上的名次就保不住了。
【答案】①otherwise ②truth or otherwise ③otherwise
6.curious curiously adv. 好奇地 curiosity n. 好奇，好奇心
原文：She was curious to see how much water there was outside. 她很想看看外面有多少水。 （教材P23）
◆adj. 好奇的；奇特的
(1) be curious about 对… 感到好奇
be curious to do sth 极想做某事
It’s curious that… 真奇怪…
(2) out of curiosity 处于好奇
with curiosity/ curiously 好奇地
meet/ satisfy one’s curiosity 满足某人的好奇心
①They were very curious about the people who lived upstairs.
他们对住在楼上的人感到很好奇。
②It was curious that she didn't tell anyone.
她没有告诉任何人，这很反常。
③The letter wasn't addressed to me but I opened it out of curiosity.
那封信不是写给我的，然而我却出于好奇把它拆开了。
【跟踪典例】
①I ____________________ whether you will take kindly to this new solution.
我很好奇，想知道你是否会欣然接受这个新的解决方案。
②____________________, I read English stories everyday.
为了满足我的好奇心，我每天都看英语故事。
③"What are you doing here?" asked Lisa ______________.
“你在这里做什么？”丽莎好奇地问。
【答案】①am curious to know ②To meet my curiosity ③with curiosity
之句型篇
1. 情态动词+have+ done
原文： The hurricane must have caused a lot of damage and suffering. 飓风一定造成了很多破坏和痛苦。(教材P20)
【句式分析】
本句中“must have caused”是情态动词+have+done结构，意为“过去肯定做过某事”，表示对过去肯定的推测。
情态动词+have+done结构可表示对过去的推测和对过去的虚拟语气，其中表示对过去的推测的还有：
couldn't/ can’t have done过去不可能做过某事
might have done 过去有可能做了某事
might not have done过去有可能没做某事
表示对过去的虚拟语气的有：
should have done过去本该做某事却没做
shouldn't have done过去本不该做某事却做了
would have done过去本想做但并未做
wouldn't have done过去本不想做但发生了
need have done过去需要做某事但却没做
needn't have done过去不必做某事但却做了
【跟踪典例】
①He said I ___________________ something bad to deserve it.
他说我肯定是罪有应得。
②They ___________________ it much more earlier.
他们早就应该这么做了。
③Peter ___________________ it yesterday.
彼得昨天本不必做这件事。
④He ___________________ such a terrible thing as to keep you waiting so long.
他不可能做出这样糟糕的事，让你等这么长的时间。
【答案】①must have done ②should have done
③needn't have done ④can't have done
2. 现在分词作伴随状语
原文： Many people came to help, food and clothes to charities. 许多人来帮忙，捐赠食物和衣服给慈善机构。(教材P20)
【句式分析】
本句中“donating food and clothes to charities”在句中作状语，伴随状语是指状语的动作伴随主句发生，它的特点是：它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的。“donating”为现在分词，和其逻辑主语“many people”是主动关系，即人们捐赠食物和衣服给慈善机构。过去分词(即done) 则表示被动关系。
①All night long he lay awake, thinking of the problem.
他整夜躺在床上睡不着，思考着那个问题。
②The PE teacher stood in the middle of the playground, surrounded by a group of students.
那位体育老师站在操场中间，被一群学生围着。
【跟踪典例】完成句子
①The dog entered the room, ___________(follow) his master
这条狗跟着主人进了屋。
②The master entered the room, ___________(follow) by his dog
主人进了屋，后面跟着他的狗。
【答案】①following ②followed
3. 现在分词作后置定语
原文：I saw a note from Mr Li on the office door saying he was in the meeting room. 我在办公室门上看到一张李先生的便条，说他在会议室。(教材P21)
【句式分析】
本句中“saying he was in the meeting room” 做“note”的后置定语，意为“写着他在会议室的便条”。
定语是指起修饰限定作用的句子成分，多翻译为“... 的”， 后置定语，顾名思义，放在被修饰词后的定语。现在分词（doing）作定语， 多表主动和进行的含义。有别于过去分词(done)，表被动含义。
①A room facing the sea 一个面朝大海的房间 （房间面向大海，主动）
②A girl standing at the gate 一个正站在门边的女孩 （女孩站在门口，主动）
③A girl called lily 一个被叫做lily的女孩 (女孩被叫做lily，被动)
④A machine invented by the scientists 一个被科学家发明的机器 (机器被发明，被动)
【跟踪典例】完成句子
①The book _________ (write) by him sells well..
它写的书很畅销。
②The man __________ (talk) to my mom is my English teacher.
正在和我妈妈谈话的人是我的英语老师。
【答案】①written ②talking
I. 单词拼写
1. People were swimming in the ocean despite the h__________ warning.
2. The largest c__________ room could seat 5,000 people.
3. Political p__________ depends upon economic strength.
4. They are very generous givers to c__________.
5. The insurance __________ (基金) would inject $750 into the banks.
6. She repainted the __________ (在楼上的) rooms and closed off the second floor.
7. We don't want this __________ (文件) falling into the wrong hands.
8. The __________ (员工)in this shop are very helpful.
Ⅱ. 单句语法
1. We were ___________ (shock) at the size of his debts.
2. He made a noise and scared ___________ the animals.
3. Fears that the world was about to run out ___________ fuel proved groundless.
4. His father will supply him ___________ travelling expenses.
5. Shut the window, ___________ it'll get too cold in here.
6. They ___________ (do) it much more earlier.
7. The dog entered the room, ___________ (follow) his master
8. Children ___________ (introduce) to reading early develop strong verbal skills.
I. 阅读理解
A
iPhone 12 Outlook
Featuring the same 6.1-inch display size as the iPhone 11 and iPhone XR before it, iPhone 12 is making the transition from an LCD screen to OLED. With flat aluminum（铝） sides for an overall look, it more closely matches the iPad Pro and iPad
Air. Aside from the flat sides, iPhone 12 still largely resembles the iPhone 11. Around back, it has two cameras housed in a glass circle, which makes for a nice contrast with the rest of the smooth back panel. To avoid being broken or cracked when dropped, iPhone 12 is covered with what Apple describes as a "ceramic（陶瓷） shield".
Camera
The iPhone 12 has a 12-megapixel f/1.6 main camera-the fastest aperture（光圈） in any iPhone yet. The low-light performance has improved, and its advancements in computational photography to maximize detail and dynamic range has also been achieved. The front camera on the iPhone 12 is gaining Night Mode, as well.
Processor
iPhone 12 is powered by the company's new A14 Bionic processor, which is the first smartphone chip built on a 5nm process, leading to improved performance and efficiency. It's claimed that the processor is up to 50 percent faster than the leading chips in Android smartphones.
Wireless charging
To improve wireless charging on the iPhone 12， it contains a "MagSafe" system with built-in magnets to guarantee that the iPhone 12 properly lines up with the
MagSafe accessories （配件）.
1. What is the size of iPhone 12？
A. About 6.1-inch as that of iPhone Max.
B. The same size as iPad Pro.
C. Bigger than that of iPhone 11.
D. As big as iPhone XR.
2. What's the function of the "MagSafe" system？ ______
A. To carry out the wired charging of iPhone 12.
B. To perfectly match the iPad Pro and iPad Air.
C. To make sure the iPhone 12 is right for the MagSafe accessories.
D. To process the information in a more rapid way.
3. Which of the followings is TRUE about iPhone 12？
A. There are only two cameras placed separately in front and back.
B. It is powered by A14 Bionic processor used in Android smartphones.
C. All cameras of iPhone 12 have the Night Mode.
D. A ceramic shield helps protect against breaking and cracking.
B
Growing up, "family" meant something very different to Bianca Jones Marlin. Her biological parents provided attendance to multiple children, giving Marlin the joy of having many brothers and sisters from different backgrounds. On occasions, she would stay up late listening to the stories from their past homes-stories filled with suffering and sadness. These stories had a lasting impact on Marlin. "There were stories of abuse, of not getting the proper nutrition or proper care that a child would need," Marlin says. "Taking my passion for science and what I've learned from the stories, and putting them together is what I really want to do."
Today as a neurobiologist, Marlin researches how suffering can be passed down from generation to generation. At Columbia University's Zuckerman Institute, she studies the molecular mechanisms of stresses in parents that can affect the brain structure and sensory experiences of their future generations.
Marlin's investigations examine a process known as epigenetic inheritance, in which biochemical markers acquired from experiences or environmental conditions can change how our genes are expressed inside of cells. In the case of the mice she works with, Marlin creates a stressful association with a particular smell, which in turn increases the number of olfactory cells inside the mice's brains used to detect that specific smell. She then looks at whether or not the children are born with more of these olfactory cells as a result of their parent's suffering. If that proves to be true, Marlin plans to find and potentially even affect the epigenetic switches responsible for changing the children's biology or behavior-eventually improving the outcomes for the children.
"The passion of my work stems from my desire to apply neurobiology and the science of learning to understanding how both positive and negative experiences in life influence brain health." says Marlin.
4. What is the main idea of Paragraph 1？
A. Marlin's interest in science.
B. Marlin's suffering in children.
C. The influence of the stories on Marlin.
D. The brief introduction to Marlin's family.
5. What is the function of olfactory cells？
A. To sense specific stress.
B. To lessen the mice's suffering.
C. To change epigenetic inheritance.
D. To discover some particular smell.
6. What can be learned from Paragraph 3？
A. Olfactory cells decrease in the mice in the test.
B. Marlin has improved the outcomes for the children.
C. Biochemical markers are likely to change gene expression.
D. Parents' suffering can't be passed down to their children.
7. Where is the text probably from？
A. A science magazine. B. A travel journal.
C. An exhibition guidebook. D. A literature review.
Ⅱ. 语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Now many singers and bands have little to do with good music. They know little about what good music means. What is the cause？
Most of these singers so far have1. （ see） music as a "job" because it is a good source of 2. （make） money. And if you have a good 3. （appear） and also original or expensive clothes to show off at your concerts then your voice is not 4. important as it should be. The public will prefer to admire more the most interesting parts of your body and even forget that you are there 5. （show） your music skills, not your dancing, which is important too, but not at such a high level.
Therefore, many young girls on TV choose to wear 6. most provocative?（挑逗性的）clothes to catch attention, but when it comes to singing they are in a complete mess and one doesn't need to have an ear for music to notice their lack 7. talent.
However, the young generation should understand talent and a good voice matter more in their musical career. All the 8. （performance） that have little to do with good music fail to be welcomed on stage. If a young man has a great voice and wants to become a 9. （success）singer, he should take some special courses in this area, because they will help
10. （he）improve singing abilities.
Ⅲ. 七选五
A dog snoring away the afternoon on the living room floor. Walruses napping belly-up on a beach. Lions stretching out on the grassland. These sleepy scenes may make people wonder why these other mammals（哺乳动物）seem to be getting so much more sleep than humans. Do they actually need more sleep？ Are they just sleeping because they can？（1） ______ Be prepared for a surprising and fascinating answer to these questions：
（ 2） ______
Though constantly studied, sleep is one of the great mysteries modern science hasn't completely cracked. "We really don't know what sleep is for," said Dr. David Raizen.
（ 3） ______ Across many studies of mammalian sleep, scientists have observed that less sleep is connected with larger body sizes. A reason for this may be that the larger an animal is, the more calories it needs, and the more time it needs to spend eating.
However, the matter is far from settled. （4） ______ Some differences in observed sleep might not be what they seem. Just because a house cat sleeps for 18 hours a day doesn't mean it needs all that sleep to function, Raizen said. Some sleep is probably a matter of convenience - done when it's not safe for an animal to be out, when food availability is low or simply because there's nothing else to do.
As for human sleep？ Raizen said the most important thing is for people to listen to their bodies and get as much sleep as they feel they need. （5） ______
A. Nobody knows.
B. Should humans be sleeping more, too？
C. More efforts are being put in interpreting sleep better.
D. Scientists are doing research trying to find the answer.
E. Sleep is complex, hard to measure in wild animals and even harder to interpret.
F. One idea is that sleep in mammals has something to do with body size and diet.
G. It is about eight hours for most folks but might be as few as five and as many as eleven.
基础帮
Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1. hurricane 2. conference 3. power 4. charity
5. fund 6. downstairs 7. document 8. staff
Ⅱ. 单句语法
1. shocked 2. off 3. of 4. with
5. otherwise 6. should have done 7. following 8. introduced
能力帮
I. 阅读理解
A
【解题导语】本文章是一篇广告布告类阅读，是一则iPhone 12手机的介绍，介绍了这款手机的外观、相机、处理和无线充电灯情况。
1. D.细节理解题。根据第一段Featuring the same 6.1-inch display size as the iPhone 11 and iPhone XR before it, iPhone 12 is making the transition from an LCD screen to OLED.（iPhone12拥有与iPhone11和之前的iPhoneXR相同的6.1英寸显示屏尺寸，正在从LCD屏幕过渡到OLED）可知，iPhone12的尺寸和iPhoneXR一样大，故选D.
2. C.细节理解题。根据最后一段To improve wireless charging on the iPhone 12， it contains a "MagSafe" system with built-in magnets to guarantee that the iPhone 12 properly lines up with the MagSafe accessories.（为了改进iphone12的无线充电，它包含一个内置磁铁的"MagSafe"系统，以保证iphone12与MagSafe配件正确对齐）可知，MagSafe系统的功能是确保iphone12可以匹配MagSafe配件，故选C.
3. D.细节理解题。根据第一段To avoid being broken or cracked when dropped, iPhone 12 is covered with what Apple describes as a "ceramic（陶瓷）shield".（为了避免摔坏或摔裂，iphone12被苹果称为"陶瓷防护罩"）故选D.
B
【解题导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Bianca Jones Marlin因为小时候受到来自不同背景兄弟姐妹的故事的影响，决定把对科学的热情和从故事中学到的东西结合起来，于是今天，作为一名神经生物学家，Marlin研究痛苦是如何代代相传的。文章介绍了她的研究过程以及她对自己工作的看法。
4. C. 段落大意题。根据第一段Growing up, "family" meant something very different to Bianca Jones Marlin. Her biological parents provided attendance to multiple children, giving Marlin the joy of having many brothers and sisters from different backgrounds. On occasions, she would stay up late listening to the stories from their past homes-stories filled with suffering and sadness. These stories had a lasting impact on Marlin. "在成长过程中对"家庭"有着截然不同的理解。她的亲生父母照顾了她的多个孩子，这让Marlin感到很高兴，因为她有很多来自不同背景的兄弟姐妹。有时，她会熬夜听他们过去的故事---充满痛苦和悲伤的故事。这些故事对Marlin产生了持久的影响。Marlin说："有关于虐待的故事，关于没有得到孩子所需要的适当的营养或适当的照顾的故事，把我对科学的热情和我从故事中学到的东西结合起来，这是我真正想做的。"）可知，第一段的主要讲的是故事对 Marlin的影响。故选C.
5. D. 细节理解题。根据第三段中 In the case of the mice she works with,Marlin creates a stressful association with a particular smell,which in turn increases the number of olfactory cells inside the mice's brains used to detect that specific smell.（在她研究的老鼠身上，Marlin创造了一种与特定气味有关的压力，这反过来增加了老鼠大脑中用来检测特定气味的嗅觉细胞的数量）可知，嗅觉细胞的功能是发现某种特殊的气味。故选D.
6. C. 细节理解题。根据第三段中Marlin's investigations examine a process known as epigenetic inheritance,in which biochemical markers acquired from experiences or environmental conditions can change how our genes are expressed inside of cells.（Marlin的研究考察了一种被称为表观遗传的过程，即从经验或环境条件中获得的生化标记可以改变我们的基因在细胞内的表达方式）"可知，生化标记可能改变基因表达。故选C.
7. A. 文章出处题。根据文章主要介绍了Bianca Jones Marlin因为小时候受到来自不同背景兄弟姐妹的故事的影响，决定把对科学的热情和从故事中学到的东西结合起来，于是今天，作为一名神经生物学家，Marlin研究痛苦是如何代代相传的。文章个绍了她的研究过程以及她对自己工作的看法。可推知，文章可能选自科学杂志。A. A science magazine科学杂志；B. A travel journal游记；C. An exhibition guidebook展览指导；D. A literature review文献参考，故选A.
Ⅱ. 语法填空
1. seen. 考查过去分词。句意：到目前为止，大多数歌手都把音乐视为一种"工作"，因为它是赚钱的好来源。see sth.as"把某事看作（视为）"，so far"到目前为止"，用于现在完成时，空格前有助动词have, see的过去分词是seen,故填seen.
2. making. 考查动名词。句意：到目前为止，大多数歌手都把音乐视为一种"工作"，因为它是赚钱的好来源。介词of后面用动词的ing形式作宾语，故填making.
3. appearance. 考查名词。句意：如果你有一个好的外表，也有原创或昂贵的衣服在你的音乐会上炫耀，那么你的声音就不是那么重要了。根据空格前a good可以判断，此处应用单数名词appearance"外貌；外表"，故填appearance.
4. as. 考查副词。句意：如果你有一个好的外表，也有原创或昂贵的衣服在你的音乐会上炫耀，那么你的声音就不是那么重要了。as+ adj./ adv. +as…意为"和……一样"，表示同级的比较。第一个as为副词，通常修饰形容词或副词，第二个as为连词。故填as.
5. to show. 考查不定式。句意：公众更喜欢欣赏你身体中最有趣的部分，甚至忘了你是来展示你的音乐技巧的，而不是你的舞蹈。分析句子可知，此处表示"你来这里"的目的，应用动词不定式，故填to show.
6. the. 考查冠词。句意：因此，电视上的许多年轻女孩选择穿最具挑逗性的衣服来吸引眼球，但当谈到唱歌时，她们就一团糟了，不需要听音乐就可以发现她们缺乏才华。根据空格后most provocative,?此处为形容词最高级，前面需加定冠词the,故填the.
7. of. 考查介词。句意：因此，电视上的许多年轻女孩选择穿最具挑逗性的衣服来吸引眼球，但当谈到唱歌时，她们就一团糟了，不需要听音乐就可以发现她们缺乏才华。lack of"缺少；缺乏"，固定搭配，故填of.
8. performances. 考查名词复数。句意：所有的与好音乐无关的表演都不受欢迎。performance"表演；演出"，可数名词，前面有all修饰，应用复数形式，故填performances.
9. successful. 考查形容词。句意：如果一个年轻人有一副好嗓子，想成为一个成功的歌手，他应该学习这方面的一些专门课程，因为这些课程将帮助他提高歌唱能力。此处作定语修饰名词singer,应用形容词successful"成功的"，故填successful.
10. him. 考查代词。句意：如果一个年轻人有一副好嗓子，想成为一个成功的歌手，他应该学习这方面的一些专门课程，因为这些课程将帮助他提高歌唱能力。此处作动词help的宾语，应用代词的宾格him,故填him.
本文是一篇议论文。现在许多歌手和乐队都把音乐视为一种很好赚钱的"工作"，然而，年轻一代在音乐生涯中更应该懂得天赋和好嗓音。所有与好音乐无关的表演都不受欢迎。
Ⅲ. 七选五
语篇解读: 本文是一篇说明文。主要讲了包括人类在内的哺乳动物的一些睡眠现象，并分析了可能的原因，尽管睡眠经常被研究，但睡眠仍然是现代科学尚未完全破解的最大谜团之一。
1. B. 细节理解题。根据上文"Do they actually need more sleep？ Are they just sleeping because they can？"（它们真的需要更多睡眠吗？它们睡觉只是因为它们可以吗？）和下文"Be prepared for a surprising and fascinating answer to these questions：（对这些问题惊人的答案做好准备吧。）"可知，空格处是一个问句，且上文提到的是动物，由此推知此处应提到人类。B项Should humans be sleeping more, too？（人类也应该多睡点吗？）符合语境。故选 B.
2. D. 推理判断题。此空独立成段，故应起到承上启下的作用，前文是"Be prepared for a surprising and fascinating answer to these questions：（对这些问题惊人的答案做好准备吧。）"，下文讲的是科学家所做的研究。结合选项可知选项D. Scientists are doing research trying to find the answer.（科学家们正在研究，试图找到答案。）能起到承上启下的作用，选项中的 research对应下文的study。故选D.
3. F. 推理判断题。空格处是首句，起到总结段落大意的作用。根据下文"scientists have observed that less sleep is connected with larger body sizes. A reason for this may be that the larger an animal is, the more calories it needs, and the more time it needs to spend eating.（科学家观察到睡眠不足与体型增大有关。其中一个原因可能是，动物越大，它需要的卡路里就越多，它吃东西的时间也就越长。）"可知本段主要讲睡眠与动物体型及饮食的关系。F项"其中一个想法是哺乳动物的睡眠与体型和饮食有关"。故选F.
4. E. 细节理解题。根据上文"However, the matter is far from settled.（然而，这个问题还远远没有解决。）"及下文"Some differences in observed sleep might not be what they seem.（观察到的睡眠中的一些差异可能并不像它们看起来的那样。）"由此可知睡眠为题是一个非常复杂的问题，结合选项可知选项E.Sleep is complex, hard to measure in wild animals and even harder to interpret.（睡眠是复杂的，很难在野生动物身上测量，甚至更难解释。）符合语境。故选E.
5. G. 细节理解题。空格处尾句，且本段主要讲人类的睡眠，故空格处要与本段话题一致且衔接上文自然，上文是"Raizen said the most important thing is for people to listen to their bodies and get as much sleep as they feel they need.（Raizen 说最重要的是人们倾听自己身体的声音，根据自己的需要进行足够的睡眠。）"，结合选项可知G. It is about eight hours for most folks but might be as few as five and as many as eleven.（对于大多数人来说，这个时间大约是 8个小时，但可能只有5个小时，也可能多达十一个小时。）上文承接自然。故选G.