2020-2021学年译林版（2019）高中英语必修3优选作业：Unit2 Natural disasters Grammar

Unit2 Natural disasters
2.2 Grammar：动词不定式作定语和结果状语
动词不定式
动词不定式的定义：动词不定式（to do），为非谓语动词。在英语语法中，动词不定式是指动词中的一种不带词形变化从而不指示人称、数量、时态的一种形式。它之所以被称做不定式，是因为动词不被限定，或者说不被词性变化所局限。不定式属于非谓语动词形式。
一. 动词不定式作定语
1．动词不定式作定语，通常置于所修饰的词的后面。
①Is this the best way to solve the problem?
这是帮助解决问题的最好方法吗？
②Can you find a proper person to finish this job in time？
你能找到合适的人及时完成这项工作吗?
【跟踪典例】 用所给动词的适当形式填空
① Do you have anything ___________ (do)tonight？
【答案】
①to do
2.不定式作定语，与其被修饰的词在逻辑上有主谓关系或动宾关系。
①He's always the first one to finish the homework.(主谓关系)
他总是第一个完成家庭作业。
②Please give me something to drink.(动宾关系)
请给我点喝的。
注意：动词不定式作定语，且与被修饰的词有逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式动词应该是及物动词；如果不定式动词为不及物动词，则该动词必须与介词连用，使其成为及物的动词短语。
①He wanted to find a new apartment to live in.
他想找一所新公寓住。
【跟踪典例】用所给动词的适当形式填空
①Do you have anything _____________ (take) to your sister?
②Would you please give me some paper _____________ (take)?
【答案】
①to be taken ②to write on
3．当名词或代词被序数词、形容词最高级the first，the last等修饰，且不定式与其逻辑主语为主谓关系时，常用动词不定式作定语。
①He is the first to pose an alternative concept of the world.
他是第一个提出另一种新的世界概念的人。
②Perhaps the best way to read this book is to read it aloud to yourself or with your friends.
也许读这本书最好的方法就是大声地读给自己听或者和朋友一起读。
【跟踪典例】用所给动词的适当形式填空
①He was the last person to ____________ (ask) to speak.
②He is the best man ____________ (do) the job.
【答案】
①to be asked ②to do
4．当被修饰词是表示抽象意义的名词时，常用不定式作后置定语，且不定式常用主动形式。常见的此类名词有ability, chance, idea, attempt, plan, way, opportunity等。
①We now have the ability to gather huge amounts of data.
我们现在有能力收集大量的数据。
②He was the man behind the plan to build a new hospital.
他就是策划建立新医院的人。
【跟踪典例】用所给动词的适当形式填空
①She made a clumsy attempt ____________ (apologize).
②Now he has a chance ____________ (put) his life back in order.
【答案】
①to apologize ②to put
二．动词不定式作结果状语
动词不定式作结果状语通常用于以下句式中：so/ such...to; enough...to; too...to; only to(常表示意外结果或事与愿违的结果)。
①I'm not such a fool as to believe that.
我不至于蠢到相信那种事。
②The food wasn't enough to satisfy his hunger.
这食物不足以让他解饿。
③He hurried to the station to find the train had gone.
他匆忙赶往车站，结果发现火车开走了。
注意：too...to...结构并不一定是“太……而不能”之意。与too...to...搭配的形容词常见的有：pleased, ready, willing, glad, happy等。
She was too tired to take a shower.
她累得不想淋浴了。
【跟踪典例】用所给动词的适当形式填空
①He was not brave enough ____________ (report) the loss of the documents.
②The manager got to the company in a hurry, ____________ (find) that he had left his laptop back at home.
③He's old enough to ____________ (make) a trip alone.
【答案】
①to report ②only to find ③to make
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. Volunteering gives you a chance ________ (change) lives, including your own.
2. US singer Bob Dylan was awarded the 2016 Nobel Prize in Literature, becoming the first songwriter ________ (win) the honour.
3. I have a lot of readings ________ (complete) before the end of this term.
4. There is a note pinned to the door ________ (say) when the shop will open again.
5. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role ________ (play) in making the earth a better place to live.
6. Whatever difficulties I meet, I have confidence __________ (conquer) them.
7. Friedman points out that the green economy is a chance ________ (keep) American strength.
8. His failure ________ (react) quickly enough caused the crash.
9. Bruce is adored by his teachers, for he is always the first ______(hand) in his homework.
10. To most of the people, it seems that the only foreign language ________ (learn) is English.
11. He hurried to the library only ________ (find) it was closed.
12. It is a famous saying that one is never too old ________ (learn).
13. You are lucky enough ______________ (get) the job.
14. One is never too young nor too old __________ (change) his self-image and thereby start to live a new life.
15. The vocabulary and grammatical differences between British and American English are so trivial and few as hardly __________ (notice).
I. 阅读理解
A
When her five daughters were young, Helene An always told them that there was strength in unity. To show this, she held up one chopstick, representing one person. Then she easily broke it into two pieces. Next, she tied several chopsticks together, representing a family. She showed the girls it was hard to break the tied chopsticks. This lesson about family unity stayed with the daughters as they grew up.
Helene An and her family own a large restaurant business in California. However, when Helene and her husband Danny left their home in Vietnam in 1975， they didn't have much money. They moved their family to San Francisco. There they joined Danny's mother, Diana, who owned a small Italian sandwich shop. Soon afterwards, Helene and Diana changed the sandwich shop into a small Vietnamese restaurant. The five daughters helped in the restaurant when they were young. However, Helene did not want her daughters to always work in the family business because she thought it was too hard.
Finally the girls all graduated from college and went away to work for themselves, but one by one, the daughters returned to work in the family business. They opened new restaurants in San Francisco and Los Angeles. Even though family members sometimes disagreed with each other, they worked together to make the business successful. Daughter Elizabeth explains. "Our mother taught us that to succeed we must have unity, and to have unity we must have peace. Without the strength of the family, there is no business."
Their expanding business became a large corporation（企业）in 1996，with three generations of An working together. Now the Ans' corporation makes more than ＄20 million each year. Although they began with a small restaurant, they had big dreams, and they worked together. Now they are a big success.
1. Helene tied several chopsticks together to show
A. the difficulty of growing up
B. the strength of family unity
C. the advantage of chopsticks
D. the best way of giving a lesson
2. We can learn from Paragraph 2 that the An family
A. started a business in 1975
B. bought a restaurant in San Francisco
C. left Vietnam without much money
D. opened a sandwich shop in Los Angeles
3. What can we infer about the An's daughters？
A. They were influenced by what Helene taught them.
B. They could not bear to work in the family business.
C. They did not finish their college education.
D. They were troubled by disagreement among family members.
4. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage？
A. How to Run a Corporation B. Strength Comes from Peace
C. Family Unity Builds Success D. How to Achieve a Big Dream
B
A new study shows students who write notes by hand during lectures perform better on exams than those who use laptops.
Students are increasingly using laptops for note-taking because of speed and legibility（清晰度）.But the research has found laptop users are less able to remember and apply the concepts（观念） they have been taught.
Researchers performed experiments that aimed to find out whether using a laptop increased the tendency to make notes "mindlessly" by taking down word for word what the professors said.
In the first experiment, students were given either a laptop or pen and paper. They listened to the same lectures and were told to use their usual note-taking skills. Thirty minutes after the talk, they were examined on their ability to remember facts and on how well they understood concepts.
The researchers found that laptop users took twice as many notes as those who wrote by hand. However, the typists performed worse at remembering and applying the concepts. Both groups scored similarly when it came to memorizing facts.
The researchers' report said, "While more notes are beneficial, if the notes are taken mindlessly, as is more likely the case on a laptop, the benefit disappears."
In another experiment aimed at testing long-term memory, students took notes as before but were tested a week after the lecture. This time, the students who wrote notes by hand performed significantly better on the exam.
These two experiments suggest that handwritten notes are not only better for immediate learning and understanding, but that they also lead to superior revision in the future.
5. More and more students favor laptops for note-taking because they can
A. write more notes B. digest concepts better
C. get higher scores D. understand lectures better
6. While taking notes, laptop users tend to be
A. skillful B. thoughtful C. mindless D. tireless
7. The author of the passage aims to
A. examine the importance of long-term memory
B. stress the benefit of taking notes by hand
C. explain the process of taking notes
D. promote the use of laptops
8. The passage is likely to appear in
A. a newspaper advertisement B. a computer textbook
C. a science magazine D. a finance report
Ⅱ. 语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
As the new academic year begins, freshmen are entering college campuses across the country, many of them accompanied by parents. Xidian University in Xi'an city has introduced a policy that has caught everyone's attention.
It will give away "Freshman Independence Award" to those 1. ______ come to college alone, not accompanied by parents. Awardees will receive a certificate, a specially2. ______ （design） T-shirt, and a photograph of them entering the campus.
That's a very 3. ______ （create） idea and will encourage the young to be bold enough to travel hundreds or thousands of kilometers on their own 4. ______ （ reach） their new colleges. After all, being independent is 5. ______ essential part of growing up.
Most college freshmen are just 18 and have had little chance of travelling in the past years, as they 6. ______ （ occupy）with their high school work. Going to college could be their first chance to be on their own. The policy might 7. ______ （ actual） encourage them to be independent.
However, that does not mean those coming accompanied by parents should be laughed 8. ______ . Many families look forward to the moment when 9. ______ （ they） children will go to college and would like to capture the moment. Many families thus travel from one city to another with their college-going members in 10. ______ （ celebrate）.
基础帮
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.【答案】to change【解析】考查动词不定式作定语。
2.【答案】to win【解析】考查动词不定式作定语。the first to do sth.第一个做某事的人。
3.【答案】to complete【解析】考查动词不定式作定语。和主语之间是主动关系。
4.【答案】???????to complete【解析】考查动词不定式作定语。和主语之间是主动关系。
5.【答案】to play【解析】考查动词不定式作定语。主语和动作之间是主动关系。
6.【答案】to conquer【解析】考查动词不定式的用法。根据句子结构，confidence为抽象名词，因此抽象名词后常用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to conquer。
7.【答案】to keep【解析】a chance to do sth.做某事的机会，固定搭配。chance名词，机会，其后跟动词不定式作定语。故填to keep。
8.【答案】to react【解析】句意：他反应不够快导致了车祸。此处的不定式to react作His failure的后置定语。故填to react。
9.【答案】to hand【解析】句意：布鲁斯深受老师的喜爱，因为他总是第一个交作业的人。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填非谓语动词；由句意可知，空格处作定语修饰the first，修饰序数词作后置定语需用动词不定式形式。故填to hand。
10.【答案】?to learn【解析】【试题解析】句意：对大多数人来说，学习的唯一外语是英语。?the only+名词+不定式，?the?only以及这些词修饰的名词后常接不定式作定语。故填to learn。
11.【答案】to find
12.【答案】to learn【解析】考查固定结构。句意：活到老学到老是一句著名的谚语。此处考查“too…to…（太……而不能）”结构。根据句意和提示词可知，故填to learn。
13.【答案】to get【解析】考查搭配（非谓语动词）。enough to do sth足以做某事，固定搭配。故填to get。
14.【答案】to?change【解析】句意：一个人永远不会因为太年轻或太老而不能改变自己的形象并且因此开始新的生活。too...to...是固定搭配，译为“太……而不能……”，故填?to?change。
15.【答案】?to be noticed【解析】考查不定式被动语态。句意：英美英语在词汇和语法上的差异是微不足道的，很少有人注意到。在固定搭配“so...as to do”中，要使用不定式，因动词notice和名词differences之间是动宾关系，要使用被动语态。故填to be noticed。
I. 阅读理解
A
【解题导语】文章通过讲述一个家族企业的发展历程来强调家庭团结的重要性。Helene和丈夫离开越南时，他们并不富有．Helene给她的女儿讲述了一个关于团结的故事。几双筷子被绑在一起将会很难被折断，家庭亦是如此。
1. B．细节理解题。根据第一段"she tied several chopsticks together, representing a family. This lesson about family unity（她把几根筷子绑在一起，代表一个家庭。这堂关于家庭团结的课…）…"可知，Helene把筷子绑在一起并试着折断它们，是为了显示团结的力量。故选B．
2. C．细节理解题。根据"when Helene and her husband Danny left their home in Vietnam in 1975，they didn't have much money（1975年，当海伦和她的丈夫丹尼离开他们在越南的家时，他们没有多少钱）。"可知，当离开越南时，Helene夫妇并没有太多的钱。故选C．
3. A．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段"Eventually the girls all graduated from college（最后，女孩们都从大学毕业了）"排除C；根据"the daughters returned to work in the family business（女儿们回到家族企业工作）"可知，Helene的女儿们相继都回到了家族企业，但文中未提到她们无法承受家族企业里的工作，排除B；根据"they worked together to make the business successful（他们共同努力使生意成功）"可知，虽然有分歧，但她们还是齐心协力地工作，排除D． 故选A．
4. C．标题归纳题。根据第一段"Helene An always told them that there was strength in unity （海伦总是告诉他们团结就是力量）。"和第三段"to succeed we must have unity（为了成功，我们必须团结一致）"与第四段"and they worked together.Now they are a big success（他们一起工作．现在他们大获成功。）"可知，文章主要讲的是家庭团结对取得成功的重要性。文章没有讲怎样经营一家大型公司，也没有提到怎样实现伟大梦想。故选C．
B
【解题导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍通过实验发现，手写记笔记比用笔记本电脑记笔记更有好处，有利于学生记忆和复习。
5. A．细节理解题。根据文章第二段的Students are increasingly using laptops for note-taking because of speed and legibility（清晰度）.（由于速度和易读性，越来越多的学生使用笔记本电脑做笔记）可知，越来越多的学生喜欢用笔记本记笔记，因为这样他们可以记更多的笔记。故选A.
6. C．细节理解题。根据第三段的Researchers performed experiments that aimed to find out whether using a laptop increased the tendency to make notes "mindlessly" by taking down word for word what the professors said.（研究人员进行了一些实验，目的是通过逐字逐句地记下教授们说的话，来找出使用笔记本电脑是否会增加"无意识"地做笔记的倾向）可知，使用笔记本电脑记笔记的学生在记笔记的过程中往往是无意识的、不动脑的。A．skillful熟练的；B．thoughtful深思的；C．mindless无意识的，盲目的；D．tireless不知疲倦的。故选C.
7. B．写作意图题。根据文章第一段A new study shows students who write notes by hand during lectures perform better on exams than those who use laptops（笔记本电脑）（一项新的研究表明，在课堂上用手写笔记的学生在考试中的表现比使用笔记本电脑的学生好）和最后一段These two experiments suggest that handwritten notes are not only better for immediate learning and understanding,but that they also lead to superior revision in the future.（这两个实验表明，手写笔记不仅有利于即时学习和理解，而且有助于将来更好地进行修改。）可知，文章介绍通过实验发现手写记笔记比用笔记本记笔记好处更多，学生更容易记住记的材料，所以作者是想强调用手记笔记的好处。故选B.
8. C．文章出处题。根据文章第一段中的Researchers performed experiments that…（研究人员进行的实验…）及倒数第二段中的In another experiment aimed at testing long-term memory（在另一个测试长期记忆的实验中）可知，研究结果是通过科学实验得出的，所以短文应该出现在科学杂志上。A. a newspaper advertisement ??报纸广告；B. a computer textbook计算机教科书；C. a science magazine科学杂志；D. a finance report 财务报告。故选C.
Ⅱ. 语法填空
本文是说明文。随着新学年的开始，全国各地的大一新生纷纷进入大学校园，他们中的许多人都是在家长的陪伴下入学的。本文讨论了大学新生报到是否应该家人陪伴的问题。
1. who.考查定语从句。句意：学校将颁发"新生独立奖"给那些独自来大学而没有父母陪伴的学生。分析句子可知，空格处引导定语从句，修饰those,从句中作主语，指人，用关系代词who,故填who.
2. designed.考查过去分词。句意：获奖者将获得一份证书，一件特别设计的t恤，以及一张他们进入校园留念的照片。分析句子可知，design作定语，修饰T-shirt,二者之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语，故填designed.
3. creative.考查形容词。句意：这是一个非常有创意的想法，将鼓励年轻人勇敢地独自旅行数百或数千公里去他们新的大学。分析句子可知，修饰名词用形容词，故填creative.
4. to reach.考查不定式。句意：这是一个非常有创意的想法，将鼓励年轻人勇敢地独自旅行数百或数千公里去他们新的大学。" travel hundreds or thousands of kilometers on their own " 旅行数百数千公里为了做某事，分析句子可知，to reach不定式是目的状语，故填to reach.
5. an.考查冠词。句意：毕竟，独立是成长的重要组成部分。part是可数名词，根据句意，此处表示泛指，且essential以元音音素开头，故填an.
6. were occupied.考查动词时态语态。句意：大多数大学新生都只有18岁，由于他们在高中时忙于学习，很少有机会去旅游。be occupied with sth."忙于做某事"，是固定短语，由with their high school work 可推断，用一般过去时，且主语they是复数，故填were occupied.
7. actually.考查副词。句意：这项政策实际上可能会鼓励他们变得独立。修饰动词encourage用副词作状语，故填actually.
8. at.考查介词。句意：然而，这并不意味着有父母陪伴的孩子就应该被嘲笑。laugh at嘲笑，是固定短语，根据句意，故填at.
9. their.考查代词。句意：许多家庭都期待着他们的孩子上大学的那一刻，并想要体验那一刻。修饰名词用形容词性物主代词，故填their.
10.celebration.考查名词。句意：许多家庭因此与他们上大学的成员从一个城市旅行到另一个城市来庆祝。介词后接名词作宾语，celebration"庆祝"，此处用作不可数名词。故填celebration.