2020-2021学年译林版（2019）高中英语必修3优选作业：Unit1 Nature in the balance Welcome & Reading

Unit 1 Nature in the balance
1.1 Welcome to the unit &Reading

重点词汇 1. __________ n. & vt. 伤害，损害
2. __________ n. 土壤；国土，领土，土地
3. __________ n. 生态系统
4. __________ adj. 海外的，国外的 adv. 向（在）海外，向（在）国外
5. __________ n. 地区，区域；行政区
6. __________ n. 大陆，陆地；洲
7. __________ n. 一百万；许多，大量
8. __________ n. 长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，（电影）片长
9. __________ n. 生物多样性
10. __________n. (pl. species) 种，物种
11. __________ n. 不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体
12. __________prep. 在…下面，在…下方；配不上
13. __________ n. 大量；团，块，堆；一大群 adj. 大批的，广泛的
14. __________adj. 高大的，高耸的；出色的
15. __________ adj. 活着的，活的；在使用的n. 生计，谋生；生活方式
16. __________ vi. 生存，存活 vt. 幸存，幸免于难
17. __________n. 营养素，营养物
18. __________ vi. 不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪
19. __________ n. 农业，农学
20. __________ n. 影响，作用；撞击，冲撞vi. & vt. 有影响；冲击
21. __________n. 灭绝，绝种
22. __________vt. & n. 损害，伤害，损坏，破坏
23. __________ n. 气候；倾向，风气

重点词组 ______________________ 造成很大的损害
2. ______________________ 削减；砍倒
3. ______________________ 感谢…；对…感激
4. ______________________ 在…中起着重要的作用
5. ______________________ 保持良好的平衡
6. ______________________ 十分之一
7. ______________________ 各种各样的…
8. ______________________ 由…组成
9. ______________________ 相应地，转向
10. ______________________ 使分解(为)；使变化(成)
11. ______________________ 被用于
12. ______________________ 处于…危险之中
13. ______________________ 为…的所在地
14. ______________________ 另一方面
15. ______________________ 逐渐增加，扩大
重点句型 1. as的用法
2. 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
【重点词汇】
harm 2. soil 3. ecosystem 4. overseas 5. region 6. continent 7. million 8. length
9. biodiversity 10. species 11. variety 12. beneath 13. mass 14. towering 15. living
16. survive 17. nutrient 18. disappear 19. agriculture 20. impact 21. extinction 22. damage
23. climate
【重点词组】
do much harm 2.cut down 3. be thankful for 4. play a significant role in 5. maintain the fine balance of
6. one in ten 7. a variety of 8. be made up of 9. in return 10. break down 11. be used for
12. in danger of 13. be home to 14. for another thing,
之词汇篇
1. harm harmful adj. 有害的；能造成损害的 harmless adj. 无害的；无恶意的 harmfully adv. 有害地；伤害地 harmlessly adv.无害地；无恶意地 harmfulness n. 伤害；有害
原文：The human race has done much harm. (教材P1)
◆ n. & vt. 伤害；损害
(1) do sb/ sth harm 对… 有害
do harm to sb/ sth 对…有害
out of harm's way在安全的地方；被隔离
There is no harm in (sb's) doing sth / It does no harm (for sb) to do sth (对某人来说) 做某事没有什么坏处；不妨做某事
(2) harm sb/ sth 对…有害
(3) be harmful for sb/ sth 对… 有害
①He may look fierce, but he means no harm .
他可能看上去很凶，但并无恶意。
②The court case will do serious harm to my business.
这起诉讼案件将严重损害我的生意。
③Robots cannot harm humans or allow humans to come to harm.
机器人不能伤害人类或允许人类受到伤害。
【跟踪典例】 完成句子
① ______________________ the environmentally friendly products.
用环保产品是没有害处的
②All these bad habits ___________________ our health.
所有这些坏习惯必将对我们的健康造成威胁。
③As we know, smoking ___________________ one's health.
正如我们所知道的那样，吸烟有害健康。
【答案】
① There is no harm in using ② will surely do harm to ③ is harmful to
辨析：damage, injury, hurt, harm, wound, destroy ①damage “毁坏，损坏”，主要指造成价值，效用，完整性方面的损坏。一般不是彻底的伤害,是可以恢复/复原的.
②injure是指意外事故等对人体机能造成的伤害,比如伤腿/手/眼等；
③hurt是表示伤害的最常用的单词，可以表示小到手指戳伤大到交通事故的肉体伤害，也可以指心灵上所受到的创伤、”自尊心或者感情“等等的精神性疼痛。
④harm伤害，损害，主要用于有生命的东西，偶尔也用于无生命的事物，常指伤及一个人或其健康、权利、事业等。
⑤wound指枪伤，刀伤，刺伤等皮肉之伤，是出血的，严重的伤，特指战场上受伤，它可以指肉体上的伤害，也可指人们精神上的创伤。
⑥destroy毁灭，消灭，指通过某种有力的或粗暴的手段使之毁灭或无用，一般不能或很难修复。
【跟踪典例】 完成句子
①The building was completely _____________ by fire.
②He _____________ his knee playing hockey.
③A bomb exploded in a hotel, killing six people and ______________ another five.
【答案】
① destroyed ② injured ③ wounding
2. variety various adj. 各种各样的；各种不同的 vary vt./ vi 改变；变更；不同
The forest’s different levels support an unbelievable variety of wildlife. 雨林的不同层次养活的野生动物种类多到难以置信。(教材P3)
◆n. 不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体
(1) a variety of种种；各种各样的
a great variety of 各种各样的；大量的
(2) various of 种种；各种各样的
(3) vary with… 随着…的变化
①There is a wide variety of patterns to choose from.
有种类繁多的图案可供选择。
②There are various treatments available for this condition.
对这种病情有各种疗法。
③The menu varies with the season.
菜单随季节而变动。
【跟踪典例】完成句子
①We offer _________________ weekend breaks.
我们提供的周末假日活动丰富多彩，一应俱全。
②The importance of being an Olympian will ___________________.
参加奥运会对每个运动员而言意义不同
【答案】
① a whole variety of ②vary from athlete to athlete
3. mass
原文： Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor. 往上是阴暗森林地表厚实的落叶层。(教材P3)
◆n. 大量；团，块，堆；一大群adj. 大批的，广泛的
(a mass of/ masses of 许多的；大量的
the mass of / the majority of / most of 大多数
the masses 群众，平民百姓
in mass 全体地，整个地
【跟踪典例】
①_________________ snow and rocks falling down the mountain
从山上滚下来的一堆积雪和石块。
②The reforms are unpopular with _________________ teachers and parents.
大多数教师和家长并不赞成这些改革。
③His heart is linked with the hearts of __________________.
他和群众心连心。
【答案】1. a mass of 2. the mass of 3. the masses
4. living
原文：Each level of the forest forms its own little world, home to different kinds of living things. 雨林的每一层都自成一个小世界，成为各种生物的家园。(教材P3)
◆adj. 活着的，活的；在使用的 n. 生计，谋生；生活方式
(1) all living things 所有生物
the finest living pianist 當世的最杰出的钢琴家
living languages (= those still spoken) 现用语言
a living faith 仍有人信奉的信仰
be within/in living memory记忆犹新
(2) earn one’s living 谋生
make a good/decent/meagre living 过优裕的/体面的/贫困的生活
plain living 简朴的生活
communal living 集体生活
【跟踪典例】 完成句子
①He was the greatest ________________ in England.
他是英国活着的最伟大的小说家。
②The wilderness is _______________ of natural history.
这片荒野是一座活生生的自然历史博物馆。
③If I can't ________________ at painting, at least I can teach someone else to paint.
如果我不能以画画谋生的话，至少我能教别人画画。
【答案】①living novelist ②a living museum ③ make a living
辨析：living; live; alive; lively ① alive 意为“活着”，侧重说明生与死之间的界限，既可指人，也可指物；可用来作表语，后置定语或宾补。虽有死的可能，但还活着。例如：
The badly wounded soldier was still alive when taken to the hospital.
No man alive is greater than he.
He wanted to keep the fish alive.
②living意为“活着”强调说明“尚在人间”，“健在”，可用来指人或物，作定语或表语。例如：
English is a living language.
He is regarded as one of the best living writers at present.
注意：living 前加上 the , 表示类别，指“活着的人们”。例如：
The living must finish the work of those dead .
③live “活着的”，通常指物，不指人，常用来作定语放名词的前面。还指“实况转播的”。例如：
a live wire 有电的电线，a live fish 一条活鱼。
Do you like a live show or a recorded show? 你是喜欢直播还是录音 。
He said he had seen a live whale. 他说他看见过活鲸鱼。
④lively 则意为“活泼的”，“活跃”，“充满生气的”，可作定语、表语或宾补，既可指人，又可指物。例如：
Jenny is a lively girl.
Everything is lively here.
He had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.
【跟踪典例】 完成句子
①He was buried __________ in the earthquake.
地震把他活埋了。
②The club has ___________ music most nights.
该俱乐部大多数晚上有现场演奏的音乐。
③She was a very well educated girl with a ___________ mind, a girl with ambition.
她是一个非常有教养、头脑活跃、有抱负的女孩。
【答案】①alive ②live ③ lively
5. survive survival n. 幸存，残存；幸存者，残存物 survivor n.幸存者；生还者
原文：While a significant number of jaguars survive here, they are only one element of this forest’s food chain. 。尽管这里生存着数量可观的美洲豹，但它们仅仅是雨林食物链上的一环。(教材P3)
◆vi. 生存，存活 vt. 幸存，幸免于难
survive sth 幸免于； 从… 当中挺/活过来
survive from 从… 存活下来；流传下来
A survive B (by…) A比B活的长(纪念)
survive on 靠…活下来；靠…生存
①She was the last surviving member of the family.
她是这家人中仅存的一员。
②Of the six people injured in the crash, only two survived.
因这次撞车事故受伤的六人中，只有两人活了下来。
③Many birds didn't survive the severe winter.
很多鸟死于这次严冬。
【跟踪典例】
①The company managed to ____________________.
公司设法渡过了危机。
②Some strange customs have ____________________ earlier times.
有些奇怪的风俗是从早年留存下来的。
③She _______________________ ten years.
丈夫死后她又活了十年。
【答案】①survive the crisis ②survived from ?③survived her husband by
6. break down
原文：When a jaguar dies, a tiny army of microorganisms helps break down its body and return the nutrients to the earth. 美洲豹死后，一小支微生物军队会助力其尸体的分解，让营养素重回土壤之中。(教材P3)
◆分解；发生故障；(讨论、关系) 失败; (系统) 瘫痪；（精神等）奔溃；破除 (障碍、偏见等)
【跟踪典例】写出下列句中的break down的中文意思
①Talks with business leaders broke down last night. ______________
②They easily break down when they face difficulties. ______________
③Old-fashioned phones matter when wireless networks break down in disasters. ______________
④It takes a long time to break down prejudices, but we have to keep trying. ______________
【答案】①(讨论、关系) 失败 ②（精神等）奔溃 ③(系统) 瘫痪 ④破除 (障碍、偏见等)
break through 突破；突围；有重要创见 break up 打碎，破碎；结束；解散；衰落
take a break 休息一下
break out v. 爆发；突发
break in 打断；闯入；训练；使逐渐习惯
break away 脱离；放弃；逃跑
break into 闯入；破门而入
break of v. 放弃；改掉（习惯）
break with v. 结束；与…绝交，和…断绝关系；和…决裂
break off 折断；突然停止，暂停
【跟踪典例】
①He's a very talented young actor who's just ready to _____________.
他是一名天赋很高、正待破茧而出的青年演员
②Civil war could come if the country _____________.
如果国家分裂,内战就会来临。
③The?company?wants to?_____________ from?its?down-market?image.?
这个公司想摆脱它面向低消费阶层的形象。
【答案】①break through ②breaks up ?③break away
7. impact
原文：As
the impact of human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer, 随着人类活动影响的不断增加，濒危物种的名单越来越长， (教材P3)
◆n. 影响，作用；撞击，冲撞 vi. & vt. 有影响；冲击
(1) make an impact of/ on 对…产生影响；对…起到作用
The bomb explodes on impact. 炸弹受到撞击就爆炸。
(2) impact on/upon sth（对某事物）有影响，有作用
impact on/upon/with sth 冲击；撞击
【跟踪典例】
①Her father's death ___________________ her childhood years.?
Her father's death ___________________ her childhood years.
父亲去世对她的童年造成巨大影响。
②Airbags?protect?the?driver?in the event of ___________________.?
汽车若遇到正面猛烈撞击，安全气囊可以保护驾车者。
【答案】①impacted greatly on; made an great impact on ②a severe frontal impact
8. damage
原文：we are left with a question: can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”? 这留给我们一个问题：我们能承担得起损害“地球之肺”的后果吗？(教材P3)
◆vt. & n. 损害，伤害，损坏，破坏
cause/ do damage to 对…造成损害
suffer damage 遭受损害
repair damage 修复损害
serious/severe/extensive/permanent/minor damage 重大的/严重的/大范围的/永久性的/轻微的损坏
①The fire badly damaged the town hall.?
火灾使市政厅遭到严重破坏。
②The storm didn't?do?much?damage?.?
暴风雨并未造成严重损失。
③This could cause serious damage to the country's economy.?
这可能对国家的经济造成严重破坏。
【跟踪典例】
①The accident?has not?done?any?_______________.?
那场事故没有造成什么永久性损伤。
②Smoking?can?_______________?your?health.?
吸烟会严重损害你的健康。
【答案】①permanent?damage ②seriously?damage
之句型篇
1. as的用法
原文：As the largest rainforest in the world, it plays a significant role in maintaining the fine balance of the Earth’s ecosystem. 作为世界上最大的雨林，它在维系地球生态系统的微妙平衡上扮演着举足轻重的角色。(教材P2)
【句式分析】
本句中as用作介词，主要表示“作为”“当作”“充当”“如同”等。如：
He treats me as a child. 他把我当小孩看待。
As your doctor, I advise you to eat less. 作为你的医生，我建议你少吃点。
as的常见用法如下：
(1)用作连词，注意以下用法：
①表示“随着”，后接句子。如：
As time passed, things seemed to get worse.
随着时间的推移，情况似乎变得更糟了。
②表示让步，意为“虽然”“尽管”，要用于倒装句（相当于 though，但语气稍弱）。如：
Boy as he was, he behaved like a girl. 他虽然是个男孩，但举止却像个女孩。
Much as I like you, I couldn’t live with you. 我尽管很喜欢你，却不能和你一起生活。
③表示时间，意为“当……时候”。如：
He dropped the glass as he stood up. 他站起来时，把杯子摔了。
As I was coming here, I met your brother. 我来这里时碰到了你的弟弟。
④用于引导原因状语从句，意为“因为” 如：
As you weren’t there I left a message. 因为你不在那里, 我留了个信儿。
(2)as 用作关系代词，主要用法有：
①用在 such, same, as 等之后，引导限制性定语从句。如：
I live in the same place as Tom does. 我和汤姆住在同处。
He’s not such a fool as he looks. 他并不像看上去的那样愚蠢。
He smokes as expensive a cigarette as he can afford. 他抽一种他买得起的最贵的烟。
② 单独用作关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前、之后或中间，且主从句之间一般要用逗号隔开。一般意为“正如”如：
As was expected, he succeeded at last. 正如我们所料，他终于成功了。
I had coffee after dinner, as is my usual practice. 我饭后喝咖啡，这是我的习惯。
【跟踪典例】
①This dictionary is ___________________ you think it is.
这部字典不如你想象的那样有用。
②You will grow wiser ___________________.
你会随着年龄的增长而越来越聪明。
③___________________, nobody was injured in the accident.
　　这次意外虽然显得令人不可思议，却没有人受伤。
【答案】①not as/so useful as ②as you grow older ③Strange as it may seem
介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
原文： The Amazon River, from which the rainforest gets its name, 亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河，(教材P3)
【句式分析】
本句中“from which the rainforest gets its name”是介词from+关系代词which引导的定语从句。介词+关系代词引导的定语从句是高考中的重要考点之一，具体用法如下：
（1）“介词＋关系代词”可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句。
One subject to which country music often returns is "the good old days".
We went to hear this famous singer, about whom we had heard many stories.
（2）“介词＋关系代词”结构中的介词可以是in, on, about, from, for, through, with, to, at, against, without, by,of等。介词放在关系代词前，关系代词只能用whom或which。
There is a big window in my rom through which I can see the railway station.
Old Harry is an ordinary-looking man, on the nose of whom is a pair of thick glasses.
（4）“介词＋关系代词”结构可代替when, where, why, that等。但要注意介词的位置变化以及相应的关系词的变化。
That is the college at which he works.
which he works at.
where he works.
that he works at.
he works at.
【跟踪典例】完成句子
①All of?a?sudden,?he?saw?a?hole?in?the wall,?_______________?the sea water?was running.?
突然，他看见墙上有个洞，海水从洞里涌了出来。
②He?is said to be?admitted?by?a?famous university,?_______________?he has?worked hard?for?three years.?
据说他被一名校录取了，为了这一天他努力学习了三年。
③The?football?fans?began?throwing?missiles,?________________?hit?the?referee.?
足球球迷们开始扔东西，其中的一个打中了裁判。
【答案】 ①from?which ②for?which ③ one?of?which
I. 单词拼写
1. The?life?in ____________(海外的)?is?different?from?us?at?home
2. The?____________(地区)?is too?dry for plants to grow.
3. It?is geographically?more?diverse?than?any?other ____________(大陆).
4. This?region?is?the home?of many ____________(物种)?of?wild?flower.
5. I was impressed by the ____________(多样性) of dishes on offer.
6. Four levels of parking the b____________ theatre was not enough.?
Few?can??s____________ more than?a week?without?water.
They?watched?the?bus?d____________ into?the?distance.
The number of people employed in a_____________ has fallen in the last decade.?
We?all?know that?panda?is?a?s____________?that is on the edge?of?extinction.
Ⅱ. 单句语法
The?river?is 300?miles?in?____________(long).
The children?called out their?names?in ____________.
Many爌eople爓ere expecting爐he爌eace爐alks爓ould燽reak ____________.
Global爓arming爃as posed燼爏erious爐hreat爐o爐he___________(survive)爋f燼nimals爏uch as爌olar bears
The universities have expanded, thus ___________(allow)many more people the chance of higher education.
Most爋f the爌roblems爓ere燿ue ____________爃uman爀rror.
____________ is known,爄f爓e燼re united爊o爋ne燾an燿efeatus.
8. Leave爃im燼 note燼t爐he reception desk,燺___________爓hich爃e爓ill爈earn爃ow to爁ind爕ou.
I. 阅读理解
A
From the moment you arrive at Houtong Village in northern Taiwan, you'll have no trouble knowing who the real stars are. There's a cat-shaped bridge, pet food bowls on the side of the walkways, street signs with cat pictures, cat-themed cafes and, of course, furry friends wandering freely everywhere.
In the early 1900s, Houtong, in New Taipei City, was the biggest and most technologically advanced coal-mining site in Taiwan. It was a prosperous town with about 6，000 residents and workers, before the mine fell into disuse in 1990.
As most young residents moved away for better opportunities, Houtong became a sleepy village with about 100 residents. But in 2010， Houtong gained popularity after a cat-lover and photographer started blogging about the village's growing stray（无主的） cat population.
Houtong was transformed into a cat-lover sight while also providing a source of income for local villagers. Many of the stray cats, now given affectionate nicknames, are taken care of by local villagers as well as a troop of volunteers.
In addition to the village's many cute kitty-themed shops and cafes, the local government has also seized the opportunity to highlight its long history.
An award-winning pedestrian cat bridge was built. A cat information and education center opened in 2014， featuring higher cat walkways in front of the building. A museum park dedicated to the town's former mining life opened in 2010， later hosting a cat lantern festival in 2012.
But Houtong, now under the spotlight, isn't completely perfect. According to local reports, the town has become an attraction for those looking for a place to abandon their unwanted pets. During the most recent survey, it was estimated that the village is now home to about 286 cats - 50 heads more than two years ago.
With the constant patting and feeding from visitors, some also flagged concerns about the health of the furry residents. The department works with local residents and volunteers to vaccinate（接种疫苗） the cats and provide regular medical treatment. Signs have been set up around town advising visitors how to behave while also pleading for the pet owners' responsibility.
1. Why does Houtong become popular recently？
A. Because it is a town with the biggest coal-mining site.
B. Because it is a town with a long history.
C. Because it is a town where the mine falls into disuse.
D. Because it is a town featuring cats culture.
2. What does Houtong worry about nowadays？
A. Young residents moved far away for better opportunities.
B. The development of the village cannot meet the demands.
C. There are not enough volunteers in the village.
D. The cats are not in good health condition.
3. What does the underlined word "pleading" in the last paragraph mean？ ______
A. Applying. B. Begging. C. Fighting. D. Registering.
B
NASA has a new job listing, and it's no joke. The US space agency is looking for a "joker" to join their journey to Mars.
A journey to Mars is no laughing matter. On average, the red planet is 140 million miles away. A trip there would take around eight months in a small spaceship. As it is difficult to communicate, astronauts（宇航员）will have to wait 20 minutes for a reply when an emergency happens.
"When you're living with others in a confined space for a long time, problems will happen," said Jeffrey Johnson, a scientist at the University of Florida. This is probably why NASA wants an astronaut with a sense of humor." These people have the ability to pull everyone together."
In stressful situations, perhaps humor is a way to know we aren't alone. By laughing together, we share stress. Then we can focus on our jobs instead of just worrying.
There are other examples of team "jokers". One example is the journey to the South Pole led by Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen, Adolf, a cook at Amundsen's team,was a "joker". He made people laugh through the whole difficult and dangerous journey. Amundsen later wrote that Adolf was the most valuable member of the team.
But if you're hoping that your favorite TV comedian（喜剧演员）will fly to Mars, that probably won't happen." Being funny won't be enough to land somebody the job," Johnson said." They also need to be an excellent scientist and engineer." Besides, they must be in top physical condition.
4. Who might get the job offered by NASA？
A. A good cook. B. A talented joker.
C. A humorous engineer. D. A popular comedian.
5. What does "a confined space" in Paragraph 3 mean？
A. a small space B. an open space
C. a secure space D. an empty space
6. How does the author think humor can help astronauts？
A. Reminding them of their family.
B. Bringing them closer on a journey.
C. Helping them know themselves better.
D. Helping them fix professional problems.
7. Why does the author mention the example of the cook？
A. To show the importance of their food.
B. To prove the role of humor in difficult situations.
C. To argue an actor is more important than a scientist.
D. To explain a journey to the South Pole matters a lot.
Ⅱ. 语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When 1 （watch） a film, you may first notice the acting, the music or the amazing set. 2 it is, there's always a lot more to it than first meets the eye. Actually, the film you see on the screen 3 （ be） the product of a huge amount of hard work.
To begin with, sound effects of a film deserve your attention. Those are added after a scene 4 （shoot）. Sound effects are made in the way 5 your expectation. Another aspect we should attach great importance to is visual special effects. The technology of CGI has been 6 （ frequent） used in film-making. In addition, clever camera angles are used by directors 7 （ create） special effects. At last, props also contribute to 8 film's success. Directors tend to make great efforts to research and build proper 9 （ model） and circumstance to make a film look 10 （ reality）.
Ⅲ. 七选五
There's no such thing as being born "good at languages". However, there are people who learn languages well, but that has nothing to do with them being naturally good at it. 1
Good language learners are actively involved in their learning process. They do not expect to learn English only by sitting in the classroom. 3 They are organized and active. They look for creative ways both inside and outside the classroom to try out what they have learned.
Good language learners knows that language is used to communicate. They pay attention to meaning. They have good techniques to practice listening, speaking, reading and writing. They push themselves to speak and try to become fluent. 3
4 It may not be easy at first but thinking in English is worth cultivating as a vital skill that will improve all areas of your language learning. To help you think in English, carry on a dialogue with yourself in English when walking along, sitting on a bus, or taking a break from other studies. Use English whenever and wherever you can.
Good language learners have a long-term devotion to language learning. They work through any feelings of frustration or lack of confidence. They are able to deal with the challenges of learning a new language. 5 Instead, remind themselves how important it is to keep going.
A. Good language learners try to think in the language.
B. Good language learners try to figure out how the language works.
C. They do not rely on the teacher for all the learning.
D. They look for opportunities to talk with native speakers.
E. They don't let themselves give up.
F. They clearly know their own strengths and weaknesses.
G. It has to do with their attitude and the way they learn.
基础帮
Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1. oversea 2. region 3. continent 4. species 5. variety
6. beneath 7. survive 8. disappear 9. agriculture 10. species
Ⅱ. 单句语法
length 2. turn 3. down 4. ?survival
5. allowing 6. to 7. As 8. from
能力帮
I. 阅读理解
A
【解题导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了台湾北部一个叫做猴硐的地方，这个一个以猫文化为特色的村庄。
1. D. 细节理解题。根据第三段关键句"But in 2010， Houtong gained popularity after a cat-lover and photographer started blogging about the village's growing stray （无主的） cat population."（但在2010年，在一位爱猫的摄影师开始在博客上描述村子里越来越多的流浪猫后，猴硐开始大受欢迎。）和第四段关键句"Houtong was transformed into a cat-lover sight while also providing a source of income for local villagers."（猴硐变成了一个爱猫者的景点，同时也为当地村民提供了收入来源。）可知，因为村子里有越来越多的流浪猫，猴硐开始大受欢迎，同时成为爱猫者的景点。由此可知，猴硐最近受欢迎是因为这是一个以猫文化为特色的小镇。故选D项。
2. D.?细节理解题。根据最后一段关键句"With the constant patting and feeding from visitors, some also flagged concerns about the health of the furry residents."（随着游客的不断抚摸和喂食，一些人也对毛茸茸的居民的健康表示担忧。）可知，由于游客的不断抚摸和喂食，猫咪的健康出现了问题，一些人对它们的健康表示担忧。由此可知，现在猴硐担心的是这些猫的健康状况不好。故选D项。
3. B.?词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段关键句"According to local reports, the town has become an attraction for those looking for a place to abandon their unwanted pets."（据当地报道，该镇吸引了那些正在寻找一个地方抛弃他们不想要的宠物的人。）可知，很多人把自己不想要的宠物抛弃在这个小镇。由此可知，面对这种情况，小镇应该是"恳求"宠物主人承担责任，不要随意抛弃自己的宠物，"Begging （for）"意为"恳求"，符合句意。A. Applying申请；B. Begging乞求；C. Fighting战斗；D. Registering注册。故选B项。
B
【解题导语】这是一篇记叙文。美国宇航局有一份新的工作。它正在寻找一个"小丑"来加入前往火星的任务中。文章分析了美国宇航局这么做的原因，还以Adolf Lindstrom?为例，突出了幽默感在该项任务中重要性。
4. C. 推理判断题。根据第三段"This is probably why NASA wants an astronaut with a sense of humor."These people have the ability to pull everyone together."这可能就是为什么美国宇航局想要一个有幽默感的宇航员。"这些人有能力把每个人团结起来。"可知他们需要的是一个幽默的人，所以"C. A humorous engineer.幽默的工程师。"符合要求。故选C.
5. A．词义猜测题。根据第二段中的"A trip there would take around eight months in a small spacecraft乘坐小型宇宙飞船到那里旅行大约需要8个月。"可知，前往火星的行程非常的漫长，而且是在一个小的宇宙飞船中。而第三段中以火星之旅为例（such as on a mission to Mars），表明长时间在"a confined space"中很容易出问题。那么，很明显，a confined space应该指的是像a small spacecraft这样的小空间。A.a?small?space?狭小的空间；B.an?open?space空地；C. a?secure?space安全的空间；D.an?empty?space一片空白。故A选项正确．
6. B．细节理解题。根据第三段中的"This?is?probably?why?NASA?wants?an?astronaut?with?a?sense?of?humor."These?people?have?the?ability?to?pull?everyone?together."这可能就是为什么美国宇航局想要一个有幽默感的宇航员。"这些人有能力把每个人团结起来。"可知，幽默的人具备将所有的人团结在一起的能力。据此可以推断出这样可以促进人们的团队精神。故B选项正确。A选项错在stop上。根据第五段中的内容可知，在充满压力的情况下，幽默可以使我们分享压力。这样，我们就会集中注意力工作而不仅仅担心了。由此可知，幽默可以减轻人们的担心，而不是阻止人们担心。故可排除A选项。故选B．
7. B．推理判断题。前五段提到幽默可以帮助宇航员减轻压力。根据第六段中的" There are other examples of team "jokers". One example is the journey to the South Pole led by Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen, Adolf, a cook at Amundsen's team, was a "joker". He made people laugh through the whole difficult and dangerous journey. Amundsen later wrote that Adolf was the most valuable member of the team.还有其他"小丑队"的例子。一个例子是挪威探险家罗尔德?阿蒙森带领的南极之旅，阿道夫，阿蒙森团队的一个厨师，是个 "小丑"。他让人们在整个艰难危险的旅程中开怀大笑。阿蒙森后来写道，阿道夫是团队中最有价值的成员。"可知，Adolf的幽默感使队员们在整个旅程中哈哈大笑，成功地完成了艰难的旅程，所以，他被认为是最有价值的队员。该段以此为例来证明幽默感在困难处境下的重要性。可知作者提到厨师的例子是为了证明幽默在困境中的作用。故选B．
Ⅱ. 语法填空
1. watching.考查现在分词。句意：当你看一部电影时，你可能会首先注意到它的表演、音乐或令人惊叹的场景。watch和句子主语之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语，故填watching.
2. As.考查固定搭配。句意：事实上，它总是比第一眼看到的要多得多。as it? is事实上，为固定搭配，故填As.
3. is.考查主谓一致。句意：事实上，你在银幕上看到的电影是很多努力的产物。主语为单数名词，所以谓语用第三人称单数形式，故填is.
4. is shot.考查时态语态。句意：这些是在场景拍摄后添加的。表示"被拍摄"，所以用被动语态，描述现状，所以用一般现在时态，主语为单数名词，故填is shot.
5. beyond.考查固定搭配。句意：音效的制作超出了你的预期。beyond one's expectation超出某人所料，为固定搭配，故填beyond.
6. frequently.考查副词。句意：CGI技术在电影制作中得到了广泛的应用。修饰动词，所以用副词，故填frequently.
7. to create.考查不定式。句意：此外，导演们还利用巧妙的拍摄角度来制作特效。use sth. to do用某物做某事，为固定搭配，故填to create.
8. a.考查冠词。句意：最后，道具也有助于电影的成功。泛指一个，所以用不定冠词，故填a.
9. models.考查名词的数。句意：导演往往会努力研究和建立适当的模式和环境，使电影看起来真实。model为可数名词，所以用复数泛指，故填models.
10. real.考查形容词。句意：导演往往会努力研究和建立适当的模式和环境，使电影看起来真实。作表语，所以用形容词，故填real .
本文讲述当你看一部电影时，你可能会首先注意到它的表演、音乐或令人惊叹的场景。事实上，你在银幕上看到的电影是很多努力的产物。
Ⅲ. 七选五
语篇解读这是一篇说明文。没有天生就擅长语言这回事。然而，有些人学语言学得很好，但这与他们天生就擅长这门语言无关，与他们的态度和学习方式有关。文章主要介绍了好的语言学习者所具备的一些良好学习态度和学习方式。
1. G. 细节理解题。根据上文"There's no such thing as being born "good at languages". However, there are people who learn languages well, but that has nothing to do with them being naturally good at it世上没有天生"擅长语言"的东西。然而，有些人学好语言，但这与他们天生擅长语言无关。"可知，本句应承接上文继续说明有些人语言学得好的真正原因：与他们的态度和学习方式有关，G选项中they指代上文people who learn languages well. 故G选项"这与他们的态度和学习方式有关"符合语境，故选G.
2. C. 细节理解题。根据上文"Good language learners are actively involved in their learning process. They do not expect to learn English only by sitting in the classroom.好的语言学习者积极参与他们的学习过程。他们不指望只坐在教室里学英语"以及后文"They are organized and active. They look for creative ways both inside and outside the classroom to try out what they have learned.他们是有组织和积极的。他们在教室内外寻找创造性的方法来尝试他们所学的东西。"可知上文提到好的语言学习者不指望只坐在教室里学习英语，后文则提到他们具有主动性和积极性，可推测本句与上一句并列，也是在列举好的语言学习者不会只是依赖老师来学习语言。故C选项"他们不依赖老师来进行学习"符合语境，故选C.
3. D. 推理判断题。根据上文"Good language learners knows that language is used to communicate. They pay attention to meaning. They have good techniques to practice listening, speaking, reading and writing. They push themselves to speak and try to become fluent.好的语言学习者知道语言是用来交流的。他们注重意义。他们有很好的技巧来练习听、说、读、写。他们强迫自己说话，试图变得流利。"可知，本段说明了好的语言学习者学习语言的方式之一是他们将语言用于交流，本句本段最后一句，应承接上文继续说明他们是如何将语言用来交流的，故D选项"他们寻找机会与母语为英语的人交谈"符合语境，故选D.
4. A. 细节理解题。根据后文"It may not be easy at first but thinking in English is worth cultivating as a vital skill that will improve all areas of your language learning. To help you think in English, carry on a dialogue with yourself in English when walking along, sitting on a bus, or taking a break from other studies. Use English whenever and wherever you can.一开始可能不容易，但用英语思考是值得培养的一项重要技能，它将提高你语言学习的各个方面。为了帮助你用英语思考，当你走路，坐在公共汽车上，或在其他学习中休息时，用英语与自己进行对话。随时随地使用英语。"可知，本段说明的方法是：用语言思考，A选项中think in the language对应后文中think in English. 故A选项中in the language对应后文中think in English。故A选项"好的语言学习者努力用语言思考"符合语境，故选A.
5. E. 推理判断题。根据上文" Good language learners have a long-term devotion to language learning. They work through any feelings of frustration or lack of confidence. They are able to deal with the challenges of learning a new language.好的语言学习者长期致力于语言学习。他们克服挫折感或缺乏信心。他们能够应付学习一门新语言的挑战。" 以及后文"Instead, remind themselves how important it is to keep going.相反，提醒自己坚持下去是多么重要。"可知，好的语言学习者会克服挫折感和不自信，即不轻易放弃，故E选项"他们不让自己放弃"符合语境，故选E.