2020-2021学年译林版（2019）高中英语必修3优选作业：Unit1 Nature in the balance extended reading & project

Unit 1 Nature in the balance
1.4 Extended reading & Project-

重点词汇 1. __________ n. 居民，住户
2. __________ n. 首领，最高领导人adj. 主要的；首席的
3. __________ n. 委员会
4. __________ adv. 完全地，全部地，完整地
5. __________ vi. 反对，抗议vt. 坚持声称，申辩 n. 抗议，反对
6. __________ n. 利润，收益；好处vi. & vt. 获益，得到好处
7. __________ n. 辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守
8. __________ adj. 各种不同的，各种各样的
9. __________ n. 过程，进程；步骤，流程vt. 加工，处理
10. __________ adj. 经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的
11. __________n. 政策，方针；原则
12. __________ n.（政府或机构）部门；分部；树枝；支流；分支
13. __________ n. 策略，行动计划；策划，部署
14. __________ vt. 回收利用，再利用
15. __________ adj. 昔日的，前任的；以前的，从前的
16. __________n. 官员，要员adj. 公务的；正式的，官方的
17. __________ n. 贫穷，贫困；贫乏
18. __________vt. 污染；毒死，毒害n. 毒物，毒药
19. __________n. 化学制品adj. 化学的；化学作用的
20. __________ n. 结果，后果；重要性
21. __________adj. 更多的，更进一步的adv. 较远，更远；进一步
vt. 促进，增进

重点词组 ______________________ 环境成本
2. ______________________ 摆脱
3. ______________________ 趋向；往往会
4. ______________________ 把…和… 相联系
5. ______________________ 获利；盈利；赚钱
6. ______________________ 保护，防护；为……辩护
7. ______________________ 指出
8. ______________________ 关心；挂念
9. ______________________ 制定政策
10. ______________________ 携手合作
11. ______________________ 促进经济增长
12. ______________________ 做某事是某人的责任
13. ______________________ 大量的
14. ______________________ 破坏
15. ______________________ 使发生，引起
16. ______________________ 采取措施做某事
重点句型 1. 表语前置倒装
【重点词汇】
resident 2. chief 3. committee 4. entirely 5. protest 6. profit 7. defence/defense
8. various 9. process 10. economic 11. policy 12. branch 13. strategy 14. recycle
15. former 16. official 17. poverty 18. poison 19. chemical 20. consequence 21. further
【重点词组】
environmental cost 2.get rid of 3. tend to 4. connect… with 5. make profit
6. in defence of 7. point out 8. be concerned about 9. make policy 10. work hand in hand
11. advance economic growth 12. it’s one’s duty to do sth 13. large amounts of 14. do harm to
15. take measures to do sth
之词汇篇
1. chief leader/ captain n.首领 major/leading/ primary adj. 主要的；首要的 chiefly adv. 主要地；首先
原文：…Julie Archer, chief of the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee. …诺盖特环境保护委员会的负责人朱莉 · 阿彻。(教材P11)
◆ n. 首领，最高领导人 adj. 主要的；首席的
(1)the chief cause/problem/reason 主要原因/问题/理由
the Chief Education Officer 首席教育官
the chief financial officer of the company 公司的首席财务
in chief 主要地，尤其；在首席地位
(2) army/industry/police chiefs?部队首长；行业巨擘；警察局长
①Unemployment?was?the?chief?cause?of?poverty.?
失业是贫穷的主要原因。
②Tourism?is?now?the?chief?industry?of?Dawson?City.?
旅游业现在是道森市的主要产业。
【跟踪典例】 完成句子
①Financial stress is well established as ____________________ for divorce.
经济压力被充分证实为导致离婚的一个首要因素。
②He?is?the?company's _____________________.?
他是这个公司的首席财务官。
【答案】
① a chief reason ② chief financial officer
2. get rid of
原文：… it’s also given me a cough that I can’t get rid of.. 这还让我患上了咳嗽，久治不愈。(教材P11)
◆摆脱，丢弃，扔掉
rid … of … 除去，摆脱
be rid of 除去;摆脱;得到解脱
rid oneself of 摆脱；从…中解脱
【跟踪典例】完成句子
①She wanted to __________________ her parents and their authority.
她想摆脱父母及其权威的束缚。
②Try and ___________________ your visitors before I get there.
在我到达之前，想办法把你的客人打发走。
③He wanted to ___________________ the burden of the secret.
他想把秘密说出来，让自己得到解脱。
【答案】
① be rid of ② get rid of ③ rid himself of
3. protest protestant adj. 抗议的；持异议的n. 抗议者；持异议者；
原文：Mr Smith protested against heavy industry. 史密斯先生反对重工业。(教材P11)
◆vi. 反对，抗议 vt. 坚持声称，申辩 n. 抗议，反对
(1) protest about/against/at sth 反对；抗议
protest sth 坚决地表示；申辩
(2) under protest 无奈地；不服气地；不甘心地
in protest以示抗议
raised a storm of protest引起了一场抗议风潮
without protest心甘情愿地；不反对地
①Students took to the streets to protest against the decision.
学生们走上街头，抗议这项决定
②She has always protested her innocence .
她一直坚持说自己是无辜的。
③The building work will go ahead, despite protests from local residents.
尽管当地居民反对，建筑工程将照样进行。
【跟踪典例】
①The director resigned ________________ at the decision.
主任辞职以示抗议这项决定。
②She accepted the charge _________________.
她一声未吭地接受了指控。
③The campaign provided a channel for ________________ the war.
这场运动是反对战争的一种方式。
【答案】1.in protest 2. without protest 3. protest against
4. defence/ defense defend vt./vi. 保卫；防守 defensive adj. 自卫的；防御用的
原文：In defence of the factories, however, I’d like to point out that we also try to control the amount of
pollution we produce. 不过，我要为工厂说句话，我想指出，我们也在努力控制我们制造的污染。(教材P11)
◆n. 辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守
(1) in defense of 防御；保护；保卫
in one’s defense 为某人辩护
national defense 国防
(2) defend oneself 自卫；申辩；自行辩护
defend against 防卫，保卫；抵抗
defend with 用…防卫
①He gave his life in defense of his country.
他在保卫祖国的时候付出了生命。
②I have to say in her defense that she knew nothing about it beforehand.
我得为她说句话，她事先并不知道此事。
③All our officers are trained to defend themselves against knife attacks.
我们所有的警察都接受过自卫训练，能够对付持刀袭击。
【跟踪典例】 完成句子
①We should show respect for many soldiers who died ____________ the country in the China's War of Liberation.
我们应该尊重在中国解放战争中为保卫祖国而牺牲的战士。
②Politicians are skilled at __________________ their critics.
从政者都善于为自己辩解，反驳别人的批评。
【答案】①in defense of ②defending themselves against
5. economic economical adj.经济的；节约的；合算的 economy n. 经济；节约；理财 economist n.经济学者
原文：I’d also like to draw your attention to the economic benefits factories have brought to Norgate. 我还希望您能注意到，这些工厂给诺盖特市带来的经济效益。(教材P12)
◆adj. 经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的
(1)economic growth/cooperation/development/reform 经济增长/合作/发展/改革
(2)an economical car节油型汽车
an economical use of space 节约利用空间
(3) a market economy市场经济
economy class经济舱
【跟踪典例】
①Many people are suffering _____________________.
很多人正遭受着经济困难。
②Last time you told me that you wanted _____________________ packaging.
上次你跟我说要最经济的包装。
【答案】①economic hardship ②the most economical ?
6. official officially adv. 正式地；官方地
原文：A former UN official once said, “Saving our planet, …一位联合国前官员曾经说过：“拯救我们的地球，…(教材P12)
◆n. 官员，要员 adj. 公务的；正式的，官方的
(1)official responsibilities 公务
an official announcement/decision/statement 官方公告/决定/声明
official statistics/figures官方统计/数字
(2) a bank/company/court/government official 银行/公司/法院/政府要员
①It was her first official engagement.
那是她第一次正式约会。
②A senior White House official said the agreement is close.
一位白宫高级官员说协议就要达成了。
【跟踪典例】完成句子
①In India, there are fifteen _____________________.
在印度有15种官方语言。
②_____________________ disclosed that they were on a secret blacklist.
一位政府官员透露说，他们被列入了秘密黑名单。
③The election results have still not been _____________________.
选举结果仍未正式宣布。
【答案】①official languages ②A government official ③officially announced
7. consequence
原文：略 (教材P13)
◆n. 结果，后果；重要性
as a consequence/ in consequence 因此；结果
in consequence of/ as a consequence of 由于…的原因
suffer/face/take the consequences of 自食其果；面对/承担…的后果
of no/little consequence 无足轻重，不重要的
①As a consequence, they lag behind other disciplines.
因此，他们落后于其他学科。
②Perhaps as a consequence, schools would often deny the problem.
也许是因为这个原因，学校经常否认这个问题。
③You must be ready to take the consequence.
你必须准备自食其果。
【跟踪典例】
①______________________ his hard work, he was eventually admitted to Nanjing University.
因为他的努力，他最终被南京大学录取。
②___________________, the best advice is probably still to eat your five a day.
因而，最好的建议是依然坚持每天吃五份蔬菜和水果。
③Why should anybody care about children ____________________?
谁会在乎那些无足轻重的孩子们呢？
【答案】①As a consequence of ②As a consequence ③of no consequence
之句型篇
1. 表语前置倒装
原文：Joining us in the studio tonight are James Smith, a local resident; Vincent Brown,…今晚来到我们直播间的有本地居民詹姆斯 · 史密斯、文森特 · 布朗…(教材P11)
【句式分析】
这是一个完全倒装句。主语是 James Smith, a local resident; Vincent Brow… , are 是系动词, Joining us 是表语。为了保持句子结构平衡或强调表语，将表语置于句首，引起倒装。表语前置有以下几种形式：
①形容词做表语前置
Present at the meeting were Professor Smith and his students.
②分词作表语前置
Gone are the days when we had to be in the mercy of weather.
③介词短语做表语前置
On the second floor is a big cinema.
【跟踪典例】
1. ______________ today is Tom
Tom今天没开上学
2. ______________ was a wallet.
地上躺了一个钱包。
3. Attached to the envelop was _______________ .
信封上贴着一张漂亮的邮票。
【答案】1. Absent from class 2. Lying on the ground 3. a beautiful stamp
I. 单词拼写
1. Local r__________ groups have united in opposition to the plan.
2. The movie was shot e__________ on location in Italy.
3. The announcement unleashed a storm of p__________ from the public
4. Most companies these days are just out to make a quick p__________.
5. The only question is how fast the p__________ will be
6. Each school sets its own admissions p__________.
7. Our New York __________ (分部) is dealing with the matter.
8. Skimming is a kind of reading __________ (策略).
9. Environment experts urge people to reuse and __________ (回收利用) plastic bags.
10. They envision an equal society, free of __________ (贫困) and disease.
11. One __________ (后果) of global warming is extinction.
12. For __________ (更多的) details call this number.
Ⅱ. 单句语法
1. Most people have some regret that they just can't seem to get rid ____________.
2. What points can be raised in defence ____________ this argument?
3. The country has made enormous strides ____________ (political) but not economically.
4. The college is not an ____________ (official) recognized English language school.
5. A lot of ____________ (poison) waste water comes from that chemical factory.
6. ____________ a consequence, we have truly entered the Post-Industrial economy.
7. These are the cells thought to give rise ____________ tumors.
8. Present at the meeting ____________ (be) some scientists from China.
I. 阅读理解
A
How do you get a man to do his share of the housework? If you are like most of the women, you will face the question the hard way.
???? A man will enjoy a clean, orderly house, but he usually won't make the effort to clean or organize it. This doesn't mean that a woman has to do all the housework; she may have to manage many of household duties, and request his partner's participation. A woman can often say that men and women should take equal responsibility for housework.
牋牋 Very few men are raised to be fully responsible for housework, and many men look on housework as women's work. On the other hand, most men will readily work around the yard, make repairs and complete projects on weekends or evenings, and it's important that you give your man appreciation for those things, too. Most men will take a little additional housework around the house if asked politely. They are even more likely to do housework if they choose what they want to do, and do it without being monitored.
牋牋 Here is the key： men want to feel that they are doing housework because they want to please their women. Men are much less likely to take on household tasks they consider uninteresting or unimportant. In other words, men are likely to do a household task just for the good of the house.
1. The passage is mainly about how to
A. get men to do some housework
B. get men to serve their families
C. praise men's housework
D. make men do all the housework
2. According to the passage, a man
A. is willing to do housework
B. likes to be told to do housework
C. is taught to be responsible for housework from childhood
D. likes a clean house but doesn't make effort to do it
3. In order to get men to do some housework, women should often
A. order them to do their share
B. ask them to do some housework politely
C. blame men's laziness
D. monitor men's work
4. According to the passage, the underlined sentence (in Para. 4) means that men won't
A. work without any payment
B. do unimportant household tasks
C. do housework without women's praise
D. please their wives
B
Six weeks before his birthday, Giuseppe Paterno achieved the dream of a lifetime： He got a university degree.
Mr. Paterno's graduation has inspired news coverage around the world, partly because of his age. But he has mainly drawn attention because his life story speaks of commitment,a theme that has encouraged as millions of schoolchildren in Italy and elsewhere faces extraordinary uncertainty during the coronavirus pandemic.
Born in Palermo in 1923， the first of seven children in a "very poor family," Mr. Paterno began working soon after finishing elementary school. "The family was large, there was only one paycheck, we were under fascism, and times were tough," he said.
Eventually, he ended up at a publishing house where an enlightened boss persuaded his father to send him back to school for a three-year vocational degree. Mr. Paterno then worked for an insurance agency while he took private classes to become a telegraph operator. He used skills from the operator job when he was drafted into the navy in World War Ⅱ. The job also opened doors to the State Railways Company, where he worked for more than four decades.
It was only after he retired, in the mid-1980s, that he returned to his books, taking theology courses through the Archdiocese of Palermo after a chance meeting with a philosophy professor who urged him to follow his love.
Mr. Paterno's son, Ninni Paterno, said that the family had not expected all the attention. "It's unbelievable!" the younger Paterno said of his father. "He achieved his goal, but he didn't mean to be famous in newspapers around the world."
University officials are hoping that Mr. Paterno will continue his studies on waster's course. But he isn't so sure. "I have to admit that in this moment, I don't know whether I would do it with the same spirit," he said on Wednesday. Still, Mr. Paterno said he would probably continue anyway.
5. What's the main reason for the world to report Mr. Paterno's graduation？
A. His experience shows the spirit of commitment.
B. Mr. Paterno achieved his dream at an old age.
C. His graduation ceremony was during the coronavirus pandemic.
D. His achievement is extraordinary.
6. What does the underline word "the job" in paragraph 4 refer to？
A. Working for an insurance company.
B. Severing in the navy in World War Ⅱ.
C. A telegraph operator.
D. The job in the State Railway Company.
7. What can we learn about Mr. Paterno's son's words？
A. The family had not agreed Mr. Paterno's decision.
B. Mr. Paterno didn't want to gain the world's attention.
C. Mr. Paterno suffered a lot to achieve his goal.
D. Mr. Paterno's achievement is not worth mentioning.
8. What can we learn from the passage？ ______
A. It's never too late to achieve a dream.
B. No pains, no gains.
C. Young at heart.
D. Practice makes perfect.
Ⅱ. 语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It is discovered that the birds that people value most are endangered 1. ______ climate change. In the Guanacaste region of Costa Rica, we spent four years identifying and 2. ______ （count） birds in a range of landscapes and habitats. Then, we 3. ______ （ask） hundreds of people in all those places - farmers, birdwatchers, people in cities - to rank the birds we had counted .
The birds that people rank highest are 4. ______ （general） found in rainforests, with their ecosystems most 5. ______ （ threaten） by climate change. In this particular part of the world, we're seeing the drought period get longer and the rainy season get 6. ______ （short） in certain years. Climate is becoming more unpredictable. As the forest dries out, the 7. ______ （ condition） for birds are becoming more extreme. For one thing, if trees don't get enough water 8. ______ （grow） their leaves in the rainy season, then birds and other animals struggle to find enough food and nesting material for their breeding season. In the future, we predict that rainforests will become dry forests, 9. ______ means we may be seeing less of those birds. That's not only 10. ______ loss for biodiversity but also for people's history and culture.
Ⅲ. 七选五
When applying for American universities, many students believe that public universities are more formal than private ones. Famous American Ivy League（常春藤）colleges, however, are all private, while other top institutions are public.（1） ______
（ 2） ______
This is one of their biggest differences. Public universities are funded by the state through taxation while private universities are funded by donations. Tuition fees（学费）of private universities are usually much higher in comparison.
Different student pools
To ensure the education of students in the state, public universities mainly include local people who enjoy discounted tuition fees for studying in their home state.（3） ______ This is partly because many local students cannot afford high tuition fees.
Different school scales（规模）
（ 4） ______ They will also have larger class size. But private colleges are not as large and have smaller class sizes to show its strength.
School establishment history
Private universities enjoy a longer history than public ones.（5） ______ But it wasn't until the mid-19th century that some first-class public universities appeared,such as the University of California, Berkeley.
Students need to consider completely which one is suitable for them in various aspects, such as teaching quality and social activities.
A. Different sources of funding.
B. Different amount of tuition fees.
C. But which one is better between the private ones and public ones？
D. So what are the differences between these two types of universities？
E. Most public universities have bigger campuses and larger student bodies.
F. Private universities, however, have a higher percentage of international students.
G. Princeton University, one of the oldest Ivy League schools, for example, was founded in 1746.
基础帮
Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1. resident 2. entirely 3. protest 4. profit 5. process 6. policy
7. branch 8. strategy 9. recycle 10. poverty 11. consequence 12. further
Ⅱ. 单句语法
of 2. of 3. politically 4. officially
5. poisonous 6. As 7. to 8. are
能力帮
I. 阅读理解
A
【解题导语】本文主要讲述的是如何让男人做家务的问题。
1. 根据首段How do you get a man to do his share of the housework? If you are like most of the women, you will face the question the hard way.可知本文主要讲述的是如何让男人做家务的问题，故选A。
2. 根据第二段 A man will enjoy a clean, orderly house, but he usually won't make the effort to clean or organize it.可知根据这篇文章，男人喜欢干净的房子，但不努力去做，故选D。
3. 根据Most men will take a little additional housework around the house if asked politely.可知为了让男人做一些家务，女人应该经常礼貌地让他们做一些家务，故选B。
4. 根据最后一段Men are much less likely to take on household tasks they consider uninteresting or unimportant. In other words, men are likely to do a household task just for the good of the house.可知该句的意思是男人不是做一些不重要的家务，故选B
B
【解题导语】本文是一篇人物故事类记叙文。主要讲述的是一位意大利爷爷96岁大学毕业追寻梦想的故事。
5. A. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的But he has mainly drawn attention because his life story speaks of commitment （但他之所以受到关注，主要是因为他的人生故事讲述了承诺）可知，他的事迹被全世界报道的主要原因是他的人生故事体现了承诺精神，故选A.
6. C. 词义猜测题。根据原文第四段中Mr. Paterno then worked for an insurance agency while he took private classes to become a telegraph operator. He used skills from the operator job when he was drafted into the navy in World War II. （帕特诺先生随后在一家保险公司工作，同时参加私人课程，成为一名电报员。第二次世界大战时，他应征加入海军时，运用了操作员的技能。）可知this job指代的是A telegraph operator（电报员工作）。故选C.
7. B. 细节理解题。根据原文He achieved his goal, but he didn't mean to be famous in newspapers around the world （他实现了自己的目标，但他并不想在世界各地的报纸上出名）可知他并不想受到全世界的关注，故选B.
8. A. 推理判断题。这篇文章讲述的是一位老人在96岁高龄时大学毕业追寻梦想的故事，他的经历可以说明追逐梦想永远不会晚，故选A.
Ⅱ. 语法填空
1. by.考查介词。句意：人们发现人们最珍视的鸟类因气候变化而濒临灭绝。捕杀动作的执行者，所以用介词by,故填by.
2. counting.考查动名词。句意：我们花了四年时间在一系列的景观和栖息地中识别和3. asked.考查时态。句意：然后，我们要求所有这些地方的数百人--农民、观鸟人、城市里的人--对我们数过的鸟进行排序。描述过去的事情，所以用一般过去时态，故填asked.
4. generally.考查副词。句意：人类排名最高的鸟类一般分布在雨林中，它们的生态系统受到气候变化的威胁最大。修饰句子，所以用副词，故填generally.
5. threatened.考查with复合结构。句意：人类排名最高的鸟类一般分布在雨林中，它们的生态系统受到气候变化的威胁最大。with的宾语和threaten之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾补，故填threatened.
6. shorter.考查比较级。句意：在世界的这一特定地区，我们看到干旱期在某些年份变长，雨季在某些年份变短。和前面的longer一样用比较级表示"更短"，故填shorter.
7. conditions.考查名词的数。句意：随着森林的干涸，鸟类生存的条件变得越来越极端。谓语为are,所以用复数名词作主语，故填conditions.
8. to grow.考查不定式。句意：一方面，如果树木在雨季没有足够的水来生长叶子，那么鸟类和其他动物就很难为繁殖季节找到足够的食物和筑巢材料。enough+名词，后跟不定式作后置定语，故填to grow.
9. which.考查非限制性定语从句。句意：在未来，我们预测雨林将变成干林，这意味着我们可能会看到更少的鸟类。指代前面句子，在非限制性定语从句中作主语，故填which.
10. a.考查冠词。句意：这不仅是生物多样性的损失，也是人类历史和文化的损失。泛指一个，所以用不定冠词，故填a.
本文讲述由于气候的变化，影响了一些稀有鸟类的繁殖。在未来，雨林将变成干林，这意味着人们可能会看到更少的鸟类。这不仅是生物多样性的损失，也是人类历史和文化的损失。
Ⅲ. 七选五
语篇解读:这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了美国公立大学和私立大学的区别。
1. D. 细节理解题。由本段首句"When applying for American universities, many students believe that public universities are more formal than private ones."（在申请美国大学时，许多学生认为公立大学比私立大学更正规。）和下文每段小标题"Different student pools"（不同的学生资源），"Different school scales"（不同的学校规模）及"School establishment history"（建校史）可知，下文在讲美国公立大学和私立大学的区别，此处应该引出"美国公私大学的区别"这个话题，承接上下文，D选项"那么这两种类型的大学有什么区别呢？"切题。故选D项。
2. A. 标题归纳题。此处选择小标题，要对第二段内容进行概括总结。由第二段"This is one of their biggest differences. Public universities are funded by the state through taxation while private universities are funded by donations. Tuition fees （学费） of private universities are usually much higher in comparison."（这是它们最大的区别之一。公立大学由国家通过税收资助，而私立大学则由捐赠资助。相比之下，私立大学的学费通常要高得多。）可知，第二段讲了美国公立大学的资金来源于税收，私立大学的资金来源于捐赠，说明美国公立大学和私立大学的资金来源不同，承接下文，A选项"不同的资金来源。"切题。故选A项。
3. F. 细节理解题。由小标题"Different student pools"（不同的学生资源）和上一句"To ensure the education of students in the state, public universities mainly include local people who enjoy discounted tuition fees for studying in their home state."（为了保证学生在本州的教育，公立大学主要包括在本州学习享受折扣学费的当地人。）可知，本段主要讲美国公立大学和私立大学的学生来源不同，已经讲了公立大学的学生来源于当地人，那么此处应该讲私立大学的学生来源，承接上文，F选项"然而，私立大学的国际学生比例更高。"切题。故选F项。
4. E. 推理判断题。由小标题"Different school scales"（不同的学校规模）和本段尾句"But private colleges are not as large and have smaller class sizes to show its strength."（但私立大学规模不大，班级规模较小，以显示其实力。）可知，本段主要讲美国公立大学和私立大学的规模不同，已经讲了有关私立大学规模的相关情况，那么此处应该讲公立大学的规模是怎么样的，承接上下文，E选项"大多数公立大学有更大的校园和更大的学生群体。"切题。故选E项。
5. G. 推理判断题。由小标题"School establishment history"（建校史）和上一句"Private universities enjoy a longer history than public ones."（私立大学的历史比公立大学长。）可知，本段主要讲美国公立大学和私立大学不同的建校史，上文讲私立大学的历史比公立大学长，可得出作者在此处会进行进一步举例说明，解释为什么私立大学建校历史更悠久，只有G项符合建校史的内容，承接上文，G选项"例如，普林斯顿大学是历史最悠久的常春藤盟校之一，成立于1746年。"切题。故选G项。