第1讲 主旨概括题
任何一段对话和独白总会围绕一个主旨或一个中心思想展开。有时，主旨要义会比较明确，有时则需要归纳、概括。因此每年的福建试卷中都以各种形式呈现这类题型。这类试题要求我们对听到的内容有一个整体的把握和全面的领会，抓住说话者究竟在说什么。高考中主旨概括题题量一般较少，如2011年此类题目只有两道。常见的提问方式有：
What are the speakers mainly discussing
What's the passage mainly about
What's the topic of the passage
What are the two speakers talking about (in general)
What is the dialogue/conversation about
What is the talk mainly about
A. The history of the school.
B. The courses for the term.
C. The plan for the day.
Welcome to Montfort School, thank you for choosing our school and for joining the happy Montfort family, which has been educating boys since 1916. We are so happy that you have taken time off to be with us today. It is with great pleasure that we have prepared some events that we hope will please you…
【解析】C 该段对话是围绕一个中心“It is with great pleasure that we have prepared some events that we hope will please you.”展开的。对于这种类型的题目，抓住短文的前两句话往往特别重要，因为前两句话往往是主题句，即使不是主题句，也对理解全文有重要的意义。例如： Welcome to Montfort School, thank you for choosing our school and for joining the happy Montfort family, which has been educating boys since 1916. 这句话是一篇演讲稿的开头，欢迎学生来学校，下面则应是具体叙述学生在学校所要参与的活动。故答案选C。
为了把握所听内容的主旨要义，要从说话人的语气上体会主旨大意，抓住关键词，对语段进行整体理解。而不应纠缠在某些小细节上，这样往往会以偏概全。第3讲 推理判断题
话语发生的场合，说话者之间的关系对话语含义的理解起着举足轻重的作用，对这些背景知识的推断能力在一定程度上体现了一个人对口语的理解能力，因而也是听力测试所要考查的项目。
1.数字运算类
例1： What was the normal price of the T shirt
A. $15. B. $30.
C. $50.
W: So what did you buy
M: A T shirt, it was a real bargain. I got it half price, saving 15 dollars.
【解析】B 根据“I got it half price, saving 15 dollars.” 稍加计算就可以判断出正确的答案。
数字类问题包括辨别类和计算类两种：
(1)要注意区分 teen和 ty及four和 five 的读音；要能够辨别多位数，如电话号码，门牌号等。
(2)计算时间、价格、距离、速度、年龄、人或物的数量等；听懂数字间的关系，更要听清问题，因为对运算方法的考查通常寓于问题中；注意与数字运算有关的单词或短语；注意时间是60进制，还要注意百分数、倍数等的数量词。
常见的提问方式有：
How old is the man
How long does it take them to get there if they take a plane
How much will the woman pay…？
How many people are there in…？
Is her age fifteen or fifty
What's the distance between…？
关键词：
more, less, as much/many as, another, double, a couple of, to, past, quarter, half, dozen, couple, thirty percent, three times, century, etc.
2.人物及人物之间关系判断类
例2： What relation is the woman to Mr. Cooper
A. His wife. B. His boss.
C. His secretary.
W: Hello, Thomas Brothers.
M: Hello, this is Mike London here. Is Jack Cooper there by any chance
W: I am afraid not, he is away for a day or two, back on, let's see, Monday morning.
M: Oh, well, perhaps I can leave a message for him.
W: Yes, of course, just a minute. Now, let's see, to Jack Cooper from Mike London.
【解析】C 此题考查对话中人物身份。根据对话中“I am afraid not, he is away for a day or two, back on, let's see, Monday morning.”可以推断出该女士最有可能是Jack Cooper的秘书。
判断人物身份类试题必须根据说话人在特定情景中交谈时所使用的特定的语调及关键词才能作出正确选择。高考的听力对话不外乎下面几种情景：师生；师师；医生与病人；售货员与顾客；警察与司机；老板与职员；记者与被采访者；家长与儿女等。只要考生紧紧抓住相关的关键信息，这类题便能迎刃而解。
常见的提问方式有：
Who are the speakers
What is the relationship between the two speakers
Who is the woman/man (speaking to)
Who is going to pick up the man
关键词：
Customer — Shop assistant: sale, discount, size, style, fashion, price
Professor/ Teacher — Student: course, assignment, term, paper, mid exam, final, summer, grade, quiz, vacation
Customer — Waiter/ Waitress: menu, order, dessert, delicious, taste, bill
Doctor — Patient: headache, stomachache, backache, catch a cold, flu, running nose, fever, temperature, check up, take one's temperature, blood pressure, medicine, pill, operation, recover
Postman — Customer: parcel, package, postcard, stamp, postage, airmail, letter第4讲 观点态度题
说话者总会有说话意图，或是交流信息，或是探讨问题，或是阐述自己的想法，表明自己的态度或意见，而这些意图有些是明说出来的，有些则是隐含在对话的字里行间，需要听者自己揣摩、推断。这类考查项目是听力试题中的难点，考生失误较多。
该类型对话中经常涉及一方对另一方或某一事件、言论、行为的态度和反应，或赞成或反对，或满意或失望，喜、怒、哀、乐等各种情绪。
常见的提问方式有：
What is the man's/woman's attitude toward …according to the conversation
How does the man / woman feel about…？
What does the speaker say about…？
What is the woman/man's opinion of…？
What does the woman / man think of / find…？
此类题目要注意以下两点：
1．分析提示词和关键词。考生可以根据一些提示性的语言或一些相关的词语进行判断，如 I think…； It seems to me that…； As far as I'm concerned, I could say…； It is/sounds true that…同时还要注意表示否定、转折和虚拟等含义的指示词。如：I'd be fired if I accepted your offer.所表达的是拒绝。
2．从字里行间判断。录音材料中不会直接说明态度，但在字里行间会有渗透，因此考生要在听懂对话的基础上，依据语气，充分理解其言外之意和所反映出来的态度。
例： What does the woman mean
A. Cathy will be at the party.
B. Cathy is too busy to come.
C. Cathy is going to be invited.
M: Shouldn't we invite Cathy to the party tonight
W: Invite Cathy She's the one who's planning the whole thing.
【解析】A 此题考生要注意说话者的措辞、语气，女士重复问题“Invite Cathy？”表达她的不同观点，然后通过“She's the one who's planning the whole thing.”快速加工分析，Cathy是整个活动的策划者，言下之意她当然会在晚会现场。这样得出答案为A。第2讲 信息提取题
具体信息是指语篇中的时间、地点、人物等细节性的信息。这些信息是理解和把握对话或独白的主旨必不可少的内容，也常常是听力部分的考查项目。此类试题往往用what, which, how, when, where等提问，经常考到的考点有以下几个方面：
1. 地点场景类
例1：Where are the speakers
A. In a store.
B. In a classroom.
C. In a hotel.
W: May I help you, sir
M: Yes, I seem to have lost my room key.
W: In that case, you need to go to the front desk to get another one.
【解析】C 根据对话中“I seem to have lost my room key…”，“…go to the front desk…”就可以得到信息是在旅馆。
地点题选项一般由表示地点的名词或介词加这类名词组成。有些地点是对话中直接提到的，有些是需要根据对话的内容来判断的，还有的两者兼而有之。地点类常考的地点一般为机场、实验室、学校、商店、车站、图书馆、餐馆、医院、邮局等。常见的提问方式：
Where does this conversation probably take place
Where did sb. go
Where did it happen
Where does e from
Where is…？
What kind of store is she going to
Which place are the speakers trying to find
关键词：
Bank: account, cash, check, savings…
School: campus, dorm, grades, lecture, paper, exam, grades, playground, teacher…
Restaurant: menu, soup, drink, order, bill…
Airport/Station: train, time table, take off, passenger, flight…
Post office: parcel, package, stamp, postage, letter, airmail…
Hospital: cold, fever, pain, cough, trouble, temperature (体温)…
2.时间类
例2： When does the bank close on Saturday
A. At 1：00 pm. B. At 3：00 pm.
C. At 4：00 pm.
W: National Bank, can I help you
M: Yes, please. What are your business hours
W: We open at 9：00 and close at 4：00 during the week. On Saturday we close one hour earlier at 3：00, and we are closed on Sunday.
【解析】B 根据对话中 “We open at 9：00 and close at 4：00 during the week. On Saturday we close one hour earlier at 3：00，” 就可以直接得出答案。
在时间类题目中，常见的提问方式有：
When does the conversation take place
When does the man want to leave
How long did it take the man to…？
When did the football match start
At what time will the two speakers meet
关键词：
ago, before, after, when, until, later, immediately, quarter, a couple of days, fortnight, decade, etc.
3.职业身份类
例3： Who could the man speaker most probably be
A. A person who saw the accident.
B. The driver of the lorry.
C. A police officer.
M: Now, Mrs. Franks, I just like to read your statement back to you, and then you can write your name on it.
W: Fine.
M: I was standing in front of the Second National Bank building at about 8：50 am. I saw a small red car heading for the cross roads of Churchill Avenue, and York Road. It was coming towards me along Churchill Avenue at about 40 miles per hour…
【解析】C 根据statement (陈述)及男士的讲话可以判断，这位男士是一个警官，他是在跟一名事故目击者讲话。
该题型经常提供一个情节，反映所涉及人物的关系或身份。在高考试题中，常见的职业类型有：警察、医生、司机、工作人员、作家、经理、教师、学生等。常见的提问形式有：
What's the woman's job
What's the profession of the man
Who is the woman most probably speaking to
Who is the speaker
What is his/her job
What does he/she do
关键词：
Teacher — Student: class, exam, homework, part time/full time job…
Salesman: price, on sale, try on…
Reporter: news, report…
Doctor — Nurse: medicine, operation …
4.因果关系类
例4： Why does the woman plan to go to town
A. To pay her bills in the bank.
B. To buy books in a bookstore.
C. To get some money from the bank.
M: Did you say you were driving to town this morning
W: Yes, I have to draw some money from the bank to pay my bookstore bills.
【解析】C 根据“to pay my bookstore bills” 就可以直接得出答案。
因果关系类主要对原因进行提问，常与文中表示原因的句子形成因果关系。因此要注意because, for, since, as, so that等引导的句子或短语。
5.计划与行动类
例5： What will Dorothy do on the weekend
A. Go out with her friend.
B. Work on her paper.
C. Make some plans.
M: Do you have any plans for the weekend, Dorothy Would you like to join me for an outing
W: Thanks, but I am going to work on my paper all the weekend.
【解析】B 根据“I am going to work on my paper all the weekend.” 就可以直接得出答案。
计划与行动类主要是针对未来要做的事进行提问，常用将来时态。
