2020-2021学年度高二下学期英语单元双基精品试卷 选修八 Unit2 Cloning_ Unit3 Inventors and inventions(B）（含答案）

-1123950339725此卷只装订不密封
班级 姓名 准考证号 考场号 座位号
此卷只装订不密封
班级 姓名 准考证号 考场号 座位号
2020-2021学年度高二下学期英语单元双基精品试卷
选修八 Unit2 Cloning_ Unit3 Inventors and inventions （B）
阅读理解
A
As if there weren’t enough of them in the world already, scientists have succeeded in cloning flies. The alike fruit flies are the first insects ever cloned, says the Canadian team that created them. The question everyone asks is why anyone would want to clone flies in the first place. She hopes that the insects, which are very easy to experiment with, will help to adjust the cloning process in other animals and even in humans, where the technique is being researched to aid production of therapeutic(治疗的) stem cells.
In cloning, the DNA-containing nucleus(细胞核) of an adult cell is injected into an egg whose own nucleus has been removed. At the moment, the majority of cloned mice, sheep and other animals die before birth. It is thought this is because the adult DNA is not properly ‘reprogrammed’.
Using flies, researchers might discover genes that are important for this reprogramming, and that have matches in other animals. That is because it is relatively easy in flies to knock out the function of a single gene and then attempt cloning with these cells, which will test whether that gene is important. If such genes are confirmed, then in theory cloned mammalian embryos(晶胚) might be grown in selected solutions that change the activity of those genes to improve the technique’s success rate. Although some groups have attempted to clone insects before, Lloyd says this is the first time it has been successful. The team used a slight difference on the standard cloning process: they transferred nuclei taken from embryos rather than fully-grown adult cells. They sucked several nuclei out of developing fly embryos, and injected them into a fertilized(已受精的) fly egg. From over 800 early attempts, they cloned five adult insects, the group reports in the journal Genetics.
1. The best title of this passage probably is .
A. The importance of clone
B. The first cloned insect
C. The disagreement in clone
D. The advantages of clone
2. The scientists cloned flies because .
A. there are fewer and fewer flies in the world
B. flies are easy to find and cheap to use
C. they can gain some experience before cloning other animals
D. it is safe to clone flies
3. The failure of most cloned animals is due to .
A. the difference of other animals’ genes
B. the improper technique of clone
C. the complexity of other animals
D. the improper rearrange of the adult gene
4. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that .
A. the clone of insects before used grown-up cells
B. the clone of insects were never experimented before
C. this time scientists cloned flies successfully and easily
D. based on this success, other animals will be cloned in large quantities.

B
Traditionally, robots have been hard, made of metal and other rigid material. But a team of scientists at Harvard University in the US has managed to build an entirely soft robot — one that draws inspiration from an octopus(章鱼).
Described in science journal Nature, the “Octobot” could pave the way for more effective autonomous robots that could be used in search, rescue and exploration. “The Octobot is minimal system which may serve as a foundation for a new generation of completely soft, autonomous robots,” the study’s authors wrote.
Robots built for precise, repetitive movements in a controlled environment don’t do so well on rough terrains(地形) or in unpredictable conditions. And they aren’t especially safe around humans, because they’re made out of hard and heavy parts that could be potentially dangerous to their users.
So researchers have been working on building soft robots for decades. They’ve taken inspiration from nature, looking to animals from jellyfish to cockroaches, which are often made up of more flexible matter.
But creating a completely soft robot remains a challenge. Even if engineers build a silicone(硅酮) body, it’s still a grand challenge to construct flexible versions of essential parts, such as a source of power.
“Although soft robotics is still in its early stage, it holds great promise for several applications, such as search-rescue operations and exploration,” Barbara Mazzolai and Virgilio Mattoli of the Italian Institute of Technology Center for Micro-BioRobotics, wrote in a comment. “Soft robots might also open up new approaches to improving wellness and quality of life.”
5. What’s the special feature of “Octobot”?
A. It’s very small. B. It’s made of metal.
C. It’s soft. D. It looks like an octopus.
6. What’s the shortcoming of traditional robots?
A. They’re hard to control. B. They can’t behave well all the time.
C. They can’t predict conditions. D. They’re too heavy to move.
7. Which of the following is wrong?
A. The original robots can work on rough land well.
B. The original robots may hurt people.
C. It’s tough to invent an absolutely soft robot.
D. The soft robots might improve the quality of human life.
8. One of the biggest challenges is to build Octobot’s ________.
A. silicone body B. complex structure
C. precise movements D. flexible power source

七选五
A Pen That Draws in Any Color
The Scribble is a magical pen that can scan colors and instantly reproduce the colors. Hold the Scribble’s scanner up to any color, and within a second that color is stored in its memory. 9
Who can use the Scribble?
Children will love the Scribble because it can create different colors, replacing even their biggest box of crayons. Besides, anyone working with color in their professional lives, such as artists, will be able to scan and reproduce colors instantly.
10
Green! One of the most important characteristics of the Scribble is that, since it can reproduce any color, it replaces marking pens, greatly reducing the huge amount of plastic waste.
What’s inside the Scribble?
There will be two different versions of the Scribble, the Scribble K and the Scribble S. The K will be able to reproduce exact colors on paper. It includes a color sensor and a rechargeable battery. 11 The S looks exactly the same as the K, but it is intended for use on screen.
How did we create the Scribble?
We’ve been in the design process for two years and the Scribble has gone through various design changes to get it to where we are now. Because of its small size we have created some ideas never seen before in the color reproduction industry. 12
Thank you for your support.
13 Thank you also for your support! Make sure to bookmark our website and check back often to see the progress as well as the updated times for production and delivery of your Scribble.
A. What do we need the Scribble for?
B. What’s the Scribble’s best colour?
C. It’s the best birthday gift you may choose for your kids.
D. Thank you so much for your concern about the Scribble.
E. There is 1 GB of internal memory that will store over 100,000 colors.
F. We created the Scribble for YOU and want you to be a part of the process.
G. Once stored, that color can be used to draw on paper or on a digital screen.

三、完形填空
Wheeling her red chair and scissors around the city, Katie gives out-of-luck strangers the gift of visibility.
Last summer, Katie saw a man sitting with a 14 asking for help. She asked, “Hey! I’m giving 15 haircuts. Do you want one?”
The man, named Edward, was in his 60s. “ 16 ,” he said, “I have a funeral to go. I was really 17 to get a haircut.” After Katie was done, Edward looked in a mirror. “I look 18 !”
“It’s more than a haircut. I want it to 19 value and respect.” Katie knows that a haircut can 20 a life. As a teen, she 21 a disease that was so severe that her hair thinned seriously. Seeing this, her mother 22 for Katie’s first haircut. “To sit down and have somebody look at me and talk to me like a person and not just an illness helped me feel cared about and less 23 .” she says.
Katie wanted to help people 24 the same way. In 2009, she began her Red Chair Project, reaching out to people on the streets. Katie listens to peopled stories of loss, addiction, and 25 to get back on their feet. The attention 26 works.
It all began with a belief in simple acts of 27 , such as a free haircut. “The way you show up in the world 28 ,” says Katie. “You have no idea what people will do with the kindness that you give them.”
14. A. mask B. chair C. sign D. minor
15. A. perfect B. regular C. special D. free
16. A. Naturally B. Luckily C. Actually D. Eventually
17. A. exploring B. hoping C. begging D. moving
18. A. good B. brave C. healthy D. satisfied
19. A. prove B. show C. appreciate D. combine
20. A. establish B. complete C. change D. reflect
21. A. suffered from B. got through C. put up with D. adapted to
22. A. charged B. applied C. sought D. arranged
23. A. worthwhile B. serious C. alone D. innocent
24. A. feel B. follow C. accomplish D. select
25. A. struggle B. escape C. relief D. performance
26. A. extremely B. apparently C. merely D. hardly
27. A. joy B. honesty C. pride D. kindness
28. A. occurs B. continues C. remains D. matters

四、语法填空
Cloning is а way of 29 (make) an exact copy of another animal or plant. Cloning has two major uses. Firstly, gardeners use it 30 (produce) plants. Secondly, it is valuable for medical research on animals. Cloning plants is straightforward 31 cloning animals is very complicated. The procedure is difficult to undertake and at first it was not accurate enough. Many attempts to clone mammals 32 (fail). At last the determination and patience of the scientists paid 33 in 1996, with a breakthrough — the cloning of Dolly the sheep. Then came the 34 (disturb) news that Dolly was ill. Cloning scientists were cast down to find that Dolly’s illness was more appropriate to a much 35 (old) animal. Altogether Dolly lived for six and a half years, half the length of the life of the original sheep. Dolly’s appearance raised a storm of 36 (object) and had a great impact on the media and public imagination. It aroused an argument over whether 37 was moral to clone human beings.
At present some countries began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning, but other countries like China and the UK, continued to accumulate evidence of the abundant medical aid that cloning could provide. Therefore, scientists still wonder whether cloning will help or harms and 38 it is leading us.

应用文写作
假设你是李华，计划今年考试后去英国旅行三周。请给你的英国笔友Wiley写一封电子邮告诉Wiley你的旅行计划，就游览景点征求他的建议，并约他同游伦敦。
注意：
1.词数80字左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Wiley,






Yours,
Li Hua

读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
Paul and Marie lived in Hossegor, a fashionable seaside resort(度假村) on the Atlantic coast of southern France. They were both in their late fifties. She had dark eyes and black hair while he was a little taller, with gray eyes.
They started a small company when they were young. Through many years of hard work, they established themselves against strong competition. They always worked many hours every day together in their office, often until late into the night, even on weekends, knowing that only very good work would provide them with loyal customers and success.
After years, they were able to buy a small beautiful apartment in a modern building with a balcony(阳台) overlooking a large and beautiful garden that featured a beautiful lawn, some decorative bushes all around, some trees here and there, a small pond in the middle, and even a decorative fountain.
Inside their apartment, everything was very tidy, yet a bit artistic. There were some nice pictures on the walls — dreams of beauty in nature — and on a glass shelf, Paul’s collection of toy locomotives(火车头), symbols of his dreams of exciting travel. Actually Marie had been interested in drawing and painting since she was a little girl, but she has no time to develop her talent because of her busy work.
This went week after week and year after year until a terrible accident happened to their company, causing a heavy financial loss to them. One of their ships, carrying a variety of goods, knocked into a floating iceberg on its trip to America. As a result, the ship got very badly damaged with all its goods and staff on board. When the couple heard the bad news about their ship they burst into tears. Paul became greatly depressed while Marie, who felt less desperate(绝望的) then, tried her best to calm him down by saying that everything would be all right as long as they didn’t lose heart. Gradually, Paul managed to calm himself down and began to face reality. Consequently, they had no choice but to close their company.
Paragraph 1:
It was not long before they had difficulty in supporting themselves.







Paragraph 2:
One day they went to an art exhibit in town.







选修八 Unit2 Cloning ~ Unit3 Inventors and inventions
答案
阅读理解
【答案】1-4 BCCA
【解析】文章介绍了科学家克隆了苍蝇的原理及相关情况。
1.标题大意题。文章主要讨论的就是第一种被克隆的昆虫——苍蝇。故选B。
2.细节理解题。根据文章第一段“She hopes that the insects, which are very easy to experiment with”可知C正确。
3.推理判断题。根据文章第三段“That is because it is relatively easy in flies to knock out the function of a single gene and then attempt cloning with these cells.”正是因为苍蝇相对比较简单一点，而克隆其他动物比较复杂，故C正确。
4.推理判断题。根据第二段的“the DNA-containing nucleus of an adult cell is injected into an egg whose own nucleus has been removed.”中的an adult cell可知以前克隆昆虫用的是成年的细胞。故A正确。
【答案】5-8 CBAD
【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文讲述了传统意义上，机器人很坚硬，是由金属和其他刚性材料制成的。但在美国哈佛大学的一些科学家从章鱼身上获得灵感，设计了软体机器人，尽管还在探索阶段，但是前景广阔。
5.细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，传统意义上，机器人很坚硬，是由金属和其他刚性材料制成的。但美国哈佛大学的一个科学家小组已经成功地制造了一个完全柔软的机器人，即一个从章鱼身上汲取灵感的机器人。从下文可知Octobot是这个机器人的名字，所以它的最特别的特点是柔软，选项C切题，故选C。
6.细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，因为它们是由坚硬而沉重的部分构成的，可能对使用者构成潜在危险。可知，传统机器人的缺点是他们不能一直表现良好。故选B。
7.细节理解题。根据第三段中第一句可知，机器人在受控环境中能进行精确、重复的运动，但在崎岖的地形或不可预测的条件下，却表现不佳。因此选项A（最早的机器人在崎岖的地形下表现好。）是错的，选A。
8.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知，创造出一个完全柔软的机器人仍然是一个挑战。即使工程师构建了硅胶体，构建关键部件（如电源）的柔软版本仍是一个重大挑战。
可知，最大的挑战之一是建造Octobot机器人的柔性电源，选项D柔性电源，切题，故选D。
二、七选五
【答案】9-13 GBEFD
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种名为the Scribble的笔，这种笔可以扫描颜色并立即再现颜色。文章介绍了这种笔的特点、使用对象、创造过程等信息。
9.前一句提到将the Scribble的扫描器拿到任意颜色处，在一秒钟内该颜色就会存储在其内存中。该空承接上一句中的“that color is stored in its memory”可知，G选项（一旦被储存了，该颜色就能被用于在纸上或数字屏幕上作画。）正确。
10.该空是该段的小标题。该段内容提到：绿色！the Scribble的最重要的特征之一就是绿色环保，因为它可以再现任何颜色，所以它代替了标记笔，极大地减少了大量的塑料浪费。根据该段内容可知，该段主要介绍了the Scribble最重要的颜色。故B选项适合作标题：the Scribble最好的颜色是什么？
11.结合该段标题和该空前一句可知，该处应该介绍的是the Scribble K。选项中只有E选项与此相关：有1GB的内部内存，它可以存储超过100000种颜色。
12.根据该段标题可知，该段介绍的是the Scribble的创造过程。该空前一句提到：由于体积小，我们创造了一些以前在色彩复制行业中从未见过的想法。该空承接上一句，仍然应该提到有关the Scribble的创造过程。选项中只有F选项与此相关：我们为您开发了Scrible，并希望您能参与到我们的开发过程中。
13.根据该段标题和该空后的一句（谢谢你的支持）。那么该空应该表示顾客对the Scrible的关注的感谢。故D选项正确：非常感谢你对the Scribble的关注。
三、完形填空
【答案】14-18 CDCBA 19-23 BCADC 24-28 AABDD
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章通过Katie免费四处为别人理发的故事，告诉我们：简单的一个善举有时候可以对别人产生重要的影响。
14.考查名词词义辨析。句意：去年夏天，凯蒂看见一个人坐在那里，举着一个牌子寻求帮助。A. mask：面具；B. chair：椅子；C. sign：指示牌；D. minor：未成年人。这里指坐在一块写着求助的牌子旁边。故选C项。
15.考查形容词词义辨析。A. perfect：完美的；B. regular：规则的；C. special：特别的；D. free：免费的。根据27空后面提到的“such as a free haircut”可知，这里是免费的理发。故选D项。
16.考查副词词义辨析。A. Naturally：自然地；B. Luckily：幸运地；C. Actually：事实上；D. Eventually：最终地。根据空后爱德华的解释得知，事实上他要去参加一个葬礼。故选C项。
17.考查动词词义辨析。A. exploring：探索；B. hoping：希望；C. begging：乞求；D. moving：移动。根据空前说他要去参加一个葬礼，所以他正希望去剪一下头发。故选B项。
18.考查形容词词义辨析。A. good：好的；B. brave：勇敢的；C. healthy：健康的；D. satisfied：满意的。根据上下文，剪完头发后，爱德华照镜子，觉得剪得不错。故选A项。
19.考查动词词义辨析。A. prove：证明；B. show：展示；C. appreciate感激；D. combine联合。根据空前说这不仅仅是理发，表示这个举动后面的意义是凯特想显示它的价值，用show来搭配value和respect。故选B项。
20.考查动词词义辨析。A. establish：建立；B. complete：完成；C. change：改变；D. reflect：反映。根据空后可知，童年的一场疾病让凯蒂的头发掉了，但是妈妈一场剪发改变了她，change a life符合语境要求。故选C项。
21.考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：十几岁时，她换了一种非常严重的疾病，她的头发严重稀疏。A. suffered from：遭受；B. got through：通过；C. put up with：忍受；D. adapted to：适应。根据空后“a disease that was so severe that her hair thinned seriously.”可知，这里是遭受疾病。故选A项。
22.考查动词词义辨析。A. charged：充电，索价；B. applied：应用；C. sought：寻找；D. arranged：安排。根据上下文，得病后的凯蒂头发掉了很多，所以妈妈决定为她安排一次专业的理发，arrange for...指为……做安排。故选D项。
23.考查形容词词义辨析。A. worthwhile：值得的；B. serious：严肃的；C. alone：独自的；D. innocent：无辜的。根据前文disease可知，凯蒂很欣慰理发师对自己的态度，并没有把她当作生病的病人。故选C项。
24.考查动词词义辨析。A. feel：感觉；B. follow：跟随；C. accomplish：完成；D. select：选择。根据上文可知，凯蒂由于得到理发师的关注而倍感关怀，所以她希望通过免费剪发帮助有需要的人，让这些人也有相同的感觉。故选A项。
25.考查名词词义辨析。A. struggle：挣扎；B. escape：逃跑；C. relief：减轻；D. performance：表演。根据空前可知，凯蒂在理发过程中聆听了这些不幸的人们的故事，空格处应与loss，addiction构成并列名词，struggle最符合句意。故选A项。
26.考查副词词义辨析。A. extremely：极其地；B. apparently：明显地；C. merely：仅仅；D. hardly：几乎不。凯蒂免费理发，聆并听关注不幸人们的故事，让这些人重拾希望和温暖，所以对他们而言，这份关心显然起了作用。故选B项。
27.考查名词词义辨析。A. joy：高兴；B. honesty：诚实；C. pride：自豪；D. kindness：善良。根据free haircut可知这是一个善举。故选D项。
28.考查动词词义辨析。A. occurs：发生；B. continues：继续；C. remains：保留；D. matters：要紧。凯蒂知道剪发可以改变生活，所以此处是指我们在世界上的行为很重要。故选D项。
四、语法填空
【答案】
29. making 30. to produce 31. while 32. failed 33. off
34. disturbing 35. older 36. objection(s) 37. it 38. where
【解析】本文主要讲述了克隆的定义、克隆的用途以及人们对克隆的不同看法。
29.考查非谓语动词。该空位于介词of后，故应用动词-ing形式。答案为making。
30.考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，空处作目的状语，应用动词不定式，故填to produce。
31.考查连词。根据语境可知，空处前后表示两种情况的对比，故用while。
32.考查时态。根据语境可知，此处表示过去的许多尝试都失败了，故用一般过去时。答案为failed。
33.考查副词。科学家的决心和耐心终于有了回报。pay off：得到好结果，成功，符合语境。故填off。34.考查形容词。根据语境可知，此处表示令人不安的消息，故填disturbing。
35.考查形容词的比较级。根据语境和空前的much可知，此处应用形容词的比较级。故答案为older。
36.考查名词。此处指Dolly的出现引起了巨大的反对风暴。根据语境和空前的of可知，此处应填名词形式，又因objection可作可数名词也可作不可数名词，且空前无限定词修饰，故填objection(s)。
37.考查代词。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，该空应填it作形式主语，后面的to clone human beings为真正的主语。
38.考查宾语从句。根据语境可知，此处表示它将带领我们到哪里去，故用where引导宾语从句。
应用文写作
【范文】
Dear Wiley,
How is everything going? I’m glad to tell you that I’m planning to have a 3-week tour to London after the terminal examination at the end of this December. Now let me share my travel plan with you.
I’m scheduled to visit the Tower of London, which is the old castle that the king used to live in. I’m also eager to see Big Ben, Westminster Abbey and the London Eye. So famous are these attractions that I have been dying to visit them for many years.
I’d like to receive your advice on my plan. I would also appreciate it if you could show me around London. Talk later.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一封邮件，简要地与笔友谈论自己去英国旅游的计划。
第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时和一般将来时。
第二步：列提纲（重点词组）
have a 3-week tour to London，after the terminal examination，share my travel plan with you，be scheduled to，the Tower of London，used to，Big Ben，Westminster Abbey，the London Eye，be eager to，be dying to
第三步：连词成句
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
第五步：润色修改
六、读后续写
【范文】
Paragraph 1:
It was not long before they had difficulty in supporting themselves. In reality they were unable to afford some necessities in life such as food and clothes, let alone the luxuries that they had been used to possessing. Gradually Paul came up with an idea to sell their apartment to overcome the financial obstacles but it was rejected by Marie instantly. After all, the apartment meant a lot to them and selling it was apparently unbearable. However, what other ways could they find to solve the problem?
Paragraph 2:
One day they went to an art exhibit in town. There they saw a picture about a scene of their town but they agreed that it was not impressive. No sooner had Marie returned home than she set about drawing a picture about the same scene. Surprisingly Paul praised her for it and encouraged her to draw more, which greatly increased her confidence. What was more satisfying to them was that a friend offered to purchase it at a high price. It was then that the turning point of their life really arrived.
【解析】本文以人物为线索。主要讲述了两人创办了一家小公司，每天努力工作，给他们带来了忠实的客户和成功，甚至还买了一套带阳台的漂亮小公寓。因为工作，Marie都没有时间发展自己画画的爱好。然而，公司发生了一次严重的事故，他们其中一艘载有各种货物的船在前往美国的旅程中撞上了浮冰山，给他们造成了严重的经济损失，因此公司倒闭了，生活难以维持。
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容可知，第一段可描写他们公司倒闭后艰难的生活。
②由第二段首句内容可知，第二段可描写他们通过这次展览他们想出的解决问题的办法。
2.续写线索：生活难以度日——卖公寓——看画展获得办法——绘画作品——朋友购买——生活出现转机