2020-2021学年度高一下学期英语单元双基精品试卷 必修三 Unit4 Astronomy the science of the stars （A）（含答案）
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-1123950339725此卷只装订不密封
班级 姓名 准考证号 考场号 座位号
此卷只装订不密封
班级 姓名 准考证号 考场号 座位号
2020-2021学年度高一下学期英语单元双基精品试卷
必修三 Unit4 Astronomy the science of the stars （A）
单词拼写
1. Smoking is ________(有害的) to health, but some people cannot get rid of it.
2. Now we still don’t know whether life e on Mars.
3. I hope you will recover soon in this mild ______(气候).
4. It’s a(n) ________(谜) where all my money goes each week.
5. S make it possible for us to travel into space.
9. The small boat is f on the calm lake.
二、单句语法填空
7. The system suddenly (crash) and I forgot to store documents.
8. Watch out cars when you cross the road.
9. Scientists are wondering whether there is life (exist) on Mars.
10. (Immediate), I raised my hand to answer the question.
11. According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total (globe) fertilizer consumption.
12. You won’t get confused once you get hang of it.
13. While the teacher was teaching, he noticed some students (look) puzzled at what he said.
14. is clear that he will go to the concert tomorrow.
三、翻译句子
15.在爆炸发生后，那条路被封锁了。（block）
The road after the explosion.
16.两国之间发生了冲突。（break）
A conflict .
17.既然你已决定做这件事，就应该把它做好。
, you should do it well.
18.他们注意到一个塑料袋在空中漂浮着。
They noticed a plastic bag .
19.她很善良，并且总是对孩子们很温柔。
She is kind and .
课文语法填空
No one knows exactly 20 the earth began. However, according to a widely accepted theory, the universe began 21 a “Big Bang”. Then the dust 22 (settle) into a solid globe. As the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface. Many 23 (science) believe that it was the presence of water that allowed the earth to dissolve 24 (harm) gases and acids into oceans and seas, which made it possible for life to develop.
Millions of years later, the first small plants appeared on the surface of the water. Their development 25 (follow) by early shellfish, all sorts of fish, green plants and land animals. Reptiles 26 (produce) young generally by laying eggs while mammals gave birth to young baby animals. Dinosaurs existed on the earth for over 140 million years before they suddenly disappeared. The reason 27 they disappeared still remains a mystery.
Finally, humans appeared and spread all over the earth. But they are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from 28 (escape) from the earth into space. As a result of this, people believe the earth may become too hot to live on. So 29 life will continue on the earth will depend on how this problem can be solved.
五、阅读理解
For nearly a century before there was such a thing as a space program, a view of space was possible. People could see full views of the Moon, explore Mars(探测火星), and study the outer space beauty. All of this was made possible by a small group of artist-astronomers(天文艺术家) who worked to show people how other worlds in space might look.
Lucien Rudaux, a French artist, was the first to use his artistic ability and his knowledge of astronomy in art. His paintings show a mixture of skilled observations, brilliant imagination and careful attention. As a result, many of his works have come surprisingly close to actual conditions on distant planets. His painting of Mars included moonlike craters(火山口) that were first photographed by the astronauts in 1965. His 1930 painting of a dust storm looks remarkably like a photograph of a storm taken by the astronauts in 1976.
The artist-astronomers, including Rudaux, made people interested in outer space by painting what turned out to be exact portraits of the planets.
30.The passage tells us .
A. the surprising exactness of space artists
B. the popular success of Lucien Rudaux
C. the imaginations of great artists
D. the likeness between the Moon and Mars
31. According to the passage, artist-astronomers spent their lives .
A. exploring the planets
B. studying paintings
C. painting the planets
D. producing spaceships
32. The works of Lucien Rudaux are a mixture of .
A. astronomy and mathematics
B. astronomy and painting
C. photograph and art
D. fact and imagination
33. In 1965,the astronauts photographed .
A. a spaceship B. a planet
C. craters on the Moon D. a painting
六、七选五
Set your clocks for 4:32 pm(eastern time) on May 27th, 2020. If everything goes as planned, a rocket will launch from Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral, Florida.
34 So what’s the big deal? The big deal is collection of firsts set to blast off on the 27th of May. The first humans are aboard a reusable rocket developed by a private company.
Ever since the opening days of the space age, NASA has designed, built, and flown its very own rockets, and capsules. 35 The privately-held company Space X will be providing the big rocket boost(加湿器) needed to get NASA’s astronauts to the space, aboard a Falcon 9 rocket topped with a Dragon crew capsule.
36 It is trying to make access to space cheaper, chiefly through the use of reusable rockets — once the payload is delivered into orbit, bring the rocket back down the Earth and polish it up for another ride.
In the meantime, NASA has spent the past decade in a highly bureaucratic version of hell. After the sad end of the space shuttle program in 2011, the American space agency was forced to rent seats on Russian-made and Russian-launched Soyuz rockets to get astronauts up to the International Space Station.
37 And now, if everything goes as planned on May 27th, we will make human access to space cheaper, more reliable, and absolutely easier. 38 Space tourism? Moon bases? I would say that the sky is the limit, but the sky is just the start.
A. But this time, it’s different.
B. Rockets go off all the time from the Earth.
C. This made for great wounded national pride.
D. Most of the astronauts haven’t made it up into space.
E. Space X has spent the past decades working tirelessly.
F. NASA has been developing a new space launch system.
G. It’s impossible to say what kind of revolutions that might lead to.
七、完形填空
Camille and Genevieve Beatty, who at 13 and 11 are being praised for building a model of the Mars rover that is now a permanent fixture(固定存在物) at the famous New York Hall of Science.
To have two young girls building our Mars rover is 39 the kind of thing we want to have happen here,” said Margaret Honey.
“But their love of science all started with a little 40 curiosity,” says their father, Robert Beatty, who guided their 41 for engineering. “Camille kept taking things apart. She would bring me a(n) 42 remote control or a destroyed clock, and she’d say, ‘Dad, what’s this little green thing?’”
He didn’t have all the 43 , but he was surprised by her curiosity and asked if she wanted to 44 something herself. Then life in the Beatty’s household started to get 45 . The sisters went from taking things apart to putting things together.
“We would just 46 ,” said Camille. “We started small, using off-the-shelf(现成的) RadioShack parts. Then we 47 let’s go huge with it...and build a 48 !”
“We didn’t set out to 49 two girls to build our Mars rover. We were actually looking for companies that had robotics expertise,” said Honey.
“They studied the 50 rover very closely,” their father said. “The pictures, the drawings...They did everything they could to 51 it in every way.”
What’s the secret to keeping children’s interest in longer-term 52 ? Robert Beatty believes in 53 the girls’ interest and letting them do all the work.
He says the experience has had a very positive role in the girls’ lives outside the 54 as well. “One of my main 55 in this was to give them a sense of self-empowerment. If they 56 a goal, they can go and do it — whether it’s a job, climbing a mountain or building a robot.”
The best part about building robots is 57 time with their dad. “It’s made our 58 amazingly close, among all of us.” Camille said.
39. A. exactly B. rarely C. strangely D. probably
40. A. crazy B. natural C. different D. strange
41. A. preparation B. enthusiasm C. search D. expectation
42. A. ordinary B. cheap C. broken D. old
43. A. answers B. parts C. tools D. ideas
44. A. learn B. find C. buy D. build
45. A. comfortable B. interesting C. regular D. difficult
46. A. wait B. design C. experiment D. case
47. A. decided B. guessed C. required D. insisted
48. A. machine B. plane C. house D. robot
49. A. call on B. look for C. play with D. bring up
50. A. heavy B. expensive C. actual D. big
51. A. copy B. send C. move D. measure
52. A. journeys B. competitions C. plans D. projects
53. A. studying B. sparking C. proving D. showing
54. A. world B. school C. workshop D. organization
55. A. goals B. tricks C. methods D. hobbies
56. A. win B. score C. achieve D. set
57. A. giving B. spending C. reducing D. wasting
58. A. opinion B. distance C. attention D. relationship
八、短文改错
I became interested in astronomy as a kid and used to wonder how big the universe might be and which it was “behind” the stars. As I grew up and finally went to college, I hardly had any time develop my hobby because there was too many homework to do. It was around the year 2019 that I researched astronomy again. Therefore, I didn’t have much time for my hobby either. Often I would like to observe a object in the night sky, but I was either working and looking after my kids, so I shared my hobby with my kids. I encouraged him to observe the stars with me. I told to them about the moon, the stars, the sun and many other interested things up there. By have a common hobby we could spend time together and we all find it interesting.
必修三 Unit4 Astronomy: the science of the stars
答案
一、单词拼写
【答案】
harmful 2. exists 3. climate 4. puzzle 5. Spaceships 6. floating
二、单句语法填空
【答案】
crashed 8. for 9. existing 10. Immediately
11. global 12. the 13. looking 14. It
【解析】
7.考查一般过去时。句意：系统突然崩溃了，我忘记保存文档了。根据后面的forgot可知，此处要用一般过去时，所以填crashed。
8.考查固定用法。句意：你过马路时注意车。watch out for“密切注意，当心”，符合句意。故填for。
9.考查现在分词。句意：科学家们想知道火星上是否存在生命。分析句子结构可知，life和exist在逻辑上是主动关系，所以用现在分词existing。
10.考查副词。句意：我立即举起了手来回答这个问题。Immediately为副词置于句首，修饰整个句子。故填Immediately。
11.考查形容词。句意：根据世界银行的统计，中国占了全世界化肥总消耗量的大约30%。total为形容词修饰名词短语fertilizer consumption。故填global。
12.考查固定短语。句意：一旦你掌握了它的要领，你就不会感到困惑了。固定短语get the hang of“掌握……的要领，了解……的用法”符合句意。故填the。
13.考查现在分词。句意：老师上课时注意到一些学生看起来对他说的话很困惑。此处是“notice+宾语+宾补”结构，some students与look在逻辑上是主动关系，且表示动作正在进行，所以填现在分词looking。
14.考查It作形式主语。句意：很明显他明天要去听音乐会。分析句子结构可知，It作形式主语，that引导的从句为真正的主语。故填It。
三、翻译句子
【答案】
15. was blocked up
16. broke out between the two countries
17. Now that you have decided to do it
18. floating in the sky
19. always gentle with children
四、课文语法填空
【答案】
how 21. with 22. settled 23. scientists 24. harmful
25. was followed 26. produced 27. why 28. escaping 29. whether
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章描述了地球上生命如何产生的经过。
20.考查连接词。句意：没有人确切地知道地球是如何产生的。本句为宾语从句，且从句中缺少方式状语，故填how。
21.考查介词。句意：然而，根据一个被广泛接受的理论，宇宙始于一次“大爆炸”。短语begin with：以……开始；开始于……。故填with。
22.考查动词时态。根据上下文语境可知为描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，故填settled。
23.考查名词的数。句意：许多科学家认为，正是水的存在使地球能够将有害气体和酸溶解到海洋中，从而使生命得以发展。根据句意可知应填scientist且前有many修饰，故填名词复数形式scientists。
24.考查形容词。gases为名词需要形容词修饰，故填harmful。
25.考查动词时态语态。描述过去发生的事情应用一般过去时，且主语development与谓语动词构成被动关系。故填一般过去时的被动语态was followed。
26.考查动词时态。根据下文mammals gave birth to young baby animals可知应用一般过去时，故填produced。
27.考查定语从句连词。句意：他们消失的原因仍然是个谜。固定句型the reason why...表示“……的原因”，reason后的句子为定语从句，从句缺状语，用关系副词why。
28.考查非谓语动词。from为介词后跟动名词做宾语，故填escaping。
29.考查连接词。句意：因此，地球上的生命能否继续将取决于如何解决这个问题。本句为主语从句，从句中不缺少成分，且表示是否，故填whether。
阅读理解
【答案】30-33 ACDC
【解析】在一个世纪以前，人们很多通过天文艺术家的画作来认识宇宙，而有些艺术家的画作，比如法国画家Lucien Rudaux所画的一些画竟然与后来实际拍摄到的景象惊人地相似。这表示了画家惊人的想象力。
30.主旨大意题。本文通过法国画家Lucien Rudaux的画作，展现了画家惊人的想象力。故选A。
31.细节理解题。根据第二段“Lucien Rudaux, a French artist, was the first to use his artistic ability and his knowledge of astronomy in art. His paintings show a mixture of skilled observations, brilliant imagination and careful attention.”可知，天文艺术家主要是画行星的。故选C。
32.细节理解题。根据第二段“His paintings show a mixture of skilled observations, brilliant imagination and careful attention. As a result, many of his works have come surprisingly close to actual conditions on distant planets.”可知Lucien Rudaux的画作是真实与想像的结合。故选D。
33.细节理解题。根据第二段“His painting of Mars included moonlike craters(火山口) that were first photographed by the astronauts in 1965.”可知，1965年是拍到月球陨石坑了。故选C。
六、七选五
【答案】34-38 BAECG
【解析】本文属于说明文。美国东部时间2020年5月27日下午4:32，一枚火箭将从佛罗里达州卡纳维拉尔角的肯尼迪航天中心发射升空。短文介绍了此次火箭发射的意义。
34.空格上文：把你们的闹钟定在2020年5月27日下午4:32吧。如果一切按计划进行，一枚火箭将从佛罗里达州卡纳维拉尔角的肯尼迪航天中心发射升空。空后一句：这有什么了不起呢？由此本空选B（火箭一直都是从地球发射的呀。），该句起到了承上启下的作用。
35.空格上文：从宇航时代开始，火箭和飞船都是由NASA设计建造和发射的。但这次不一样。下文提及是由私人公司发射的。故A选项（但这一次，情况有所不同。）切题。故选A。
36.空格上文：Space X公司将为美国国家航空航天局的宇航员提供所需的火箭助推器，搭载一枚顶部装有“龙”号太空舱的猎鹰9号火箭，本段应该接着谈Space X。本空的下一句是对本空的解释，说明他们的目的，故E选项（Space X在过去的几十年里不知疲倦地工作着。）切题。故选E。
37.空格上文：2011年航天飞机项目结束后，美国航天局被迫租用俄罗斯制造和俄罗斯发射的Soyuz火箭的座位，将宇航员送上国际空间站。本空选C，与前一句是因果关系。故C选项（这件事使美国民族自尊心受到了很大的伤害。）切题。故选C。
38.根据下文连续有两个反问进行举例：太空旅游？月球基地？选项承接下文。故G选项（很难说太空飞行会带来什么样的革命。）切题。故选G。
七、完形填空
【答案】39-43 ADBCA 44-48 DBCAD 49-53 BCADB 54-58 CADBD
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，一对小姐妹自己动手制作了一个火星探测器模型。如今，该模型已经成为纽约科学馆的永久藏品。
39.考查副词。A. exactly：确切地；的确；B. rarely：罕见，稀少；C. strangely：奇怪地；D. probably：可能，也许。此处表示让两个女孩做一个火星探测器正是他们想要发生的事情。故A项正确。
40.考查形容词。A. crazy：疯狂的；B. natural：自然的；C. different：不同的；D. strange：奇怪的。根据本段Camille父亲的话可知，她们的这种爱好的养成是从搞破坏开始的，所以D项正确。
41.考查名词。A. preparation：准备；B. enthusiasm：热情；C. search：寻找；D. expectation：期待。此处表示她们的父亲引导着她们对工程学的热爱，也正是对工程学的热爱，她们才制作了火星探测器模型。故B项正确。
42.考查形容词。A. ordinary：普通的；B. cheap：便宜的；C. broken：坏的；D. old：旧的。与前面的taking things apart呼应，再根据空后的destroyed可知，此处指她经常把东西给拆掉，最后到Camille父亲手上的是一个坏了的遥控器，或者散架的钟表。故C项正确。
43.考查名词。A. answers：答案；B. parts：部分；零件；C. tools：工具；D. ideas：观点。根据前面的“Dad, what’s this little green thing”可知，这里是说她问父亲问题的时候，父亲并不能总是给出答案，也有回答不上来的问题。故A项正确。
44.考查动词。A. learn：学会，学习；B. find：找到，发现；C. buy：购买；D. build：建设，制作。根据前面的“he was surprised by her curiosity”以及下文讲她们制作机器人可知，他对女儿的好奇心感到惊讶，询问女儿是否想自己制作一些东西。故D项正确。
45.考查形容词。A. comfortable：舒服的；B. interesting：有趣的；C. regular：有规律的；D. difficult：困难的。根据语境可知，从此以后，这个家庭的生活变得有趣起来，孩子们学着把东西拆开并组装。故B项正确。
46.考查动词。A. wait：等待；B. design：设计；C. experiment：实验；D. case：情况。从后面的“We started small, using off-the-shelf RadioShack parts.”可知，她们进行实验，不断尝试从制作一些小的东西开始。故C项正确。
47.考查动词。A. decided：决定；B. guessed：猜想，认为；C. required：要求；D. insisted：坚持。与前面的started small呼应，此处指她们从小的东西做起，然后决定制作大一点的东西。故A项正确。
48.考查名词。A. machine：机器；B. plane：飞机；C. house：房子；D. robot：机器人。上文已经提到了Mars rover，这里指她们决定一起制作一个机器人。故D项正确。
49.考查动词短语。A. call on：号召；B. look for：寻找；C. play with：玩耍；D. bring up：抚养；呕吐。根据空后一句可知，开始的时候，这个机构并没有想寻找两个小女孩来制作火星探测器。故B项正确。
50.考查形容词。A. heavy：重的；B. expensive：昂贵的；C. actual：实际的；D. big：巨大的。结合后面的“The pictures, the drawings”可知父亲说她们非常仔细地研究了真实的探测器。故C项正确。
51.考查动词。A. copy：复制；模仿；B. send：发送；C. move：移动；D. measure：测量，重达。与前面的studied，pictures和drawings呼应，这里指他们仔细研究，目的就是模仿制造出一个探测器。故A项正确。
52.考查名词。A. journeys：旅行；B. competitions：竞争；C. plans：计划；D. projects：项目。句意：让孩子们对于长期的项目保持兴趣的秘诀是什么呢？故D项正确。
53.考查动词。A. studying：研究；B. sparking：激发；C. proving：证明；D. showing：展示；说明。根据后面的“the girls’ interest and letting them do all the work”可知，要想让孩子们对于这种长期项目保持兴趣，关键要激发她们的兴趣并且让她们完成所有的工作。故B项正确。
54.考查名词。A. world：世界；B. school：学校；C. workshop：车间；D. organization：组织。根据前面的“the girls’ lives outside”以及她们进行实验制作东西可知，她们应该是在自己的车间中工作的，故C项正确。
55.考查名词。A. goals：目标；B. tricks：计谋；诡计；C. methods：方法；D. hobbies：爱好。孩子们的爸爸说他的主要目标之一就是给他们一种自我授权感。goal符合语境。故A项正确。
56.考查动词。A. win：赢得，战胜；B. score：得分；C. achieve：实现，获得；D. set：设立。结合下文“a goal, they can go and do it”可知，如果她们树立了一个目标，那么她们就可以为此而奋斗。故D项正确。
57.考查动词。A. giving：给予；B. spending：度过，花费；C. reducing：减少；D. wasting：浪费。此处是指她们花时间和父亲在一起。故B项正确。
58.考查名词。A. opinion：观点；B. distance：距离；C. attention：注意力；D. relationship：关系。由于花费时间和父亲在一起，这促进了他们之间的关系，使得他们更加亲密。故D项正确。
八、短文改错
【答案】
1.第一句，which改成what.
2.第二句，在time后加to
3.第二句，many改成much.
4.第四句，Therefore改成However
5.第五句，a改成an
6. 第五句，and改成or
7.第六句，him改成them
8.第七句，去掉to
9.第七句，interested改成interesting
10.第八句，have改成having
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了作者小的时候就对天文学产生了兴趣，但随着自己长大成人，作者发现还是没有时间来培养自己的爱好。所以以作者把自己的爱好告诉给了自己的孩子。1.考查连接代词。句意：我还是个孩子的时候，我就对天文学产生了兴趣，我常常想知道宇宙到底有多大，以及在星星的“背后”是什么。分析句子可知，wonder后接宾语从句，在宾语从句中，was缺少表语，根据句意可知，应用连接代词what来充当表语。故改which改成what。
2.考查动词不定式。句意：随着我长大，最后上了大学，我几乎没有时间培养我的爱好，因为有太多的作业要做。分析句子可知，本句为动词不定式做后置定语。故在time后加to。
3.考查much的用法。homework为不可数名词，应用much来修饰。故many改成much。
4.考查副词。句意：但是，我也没有太多时间来从事我的业余爱好。分析句意可知，前后语意表示转折，所以用However。故Therefore改成However。
5.考查冠词。object为可数名词，且它的首字母的发音为元音因素，所以用不定冠词an来修饰，不定冠词表示泛指。故a改成an。
6.考查连词。either...or...意为“或者……或者……”，为固定短语。故and改成or。
7.考查代词。句意：我鼓励他们和我一起观察星星。根据句意可知代词为them，故him改成them。
8.考查固定搭配。句意：我告诉他们关于月亮、星星、太阳和许多其他有趣的事情。tell sb about sth“告诉某人有关某事”。故去掉to。
9.考查形容词。interesting意为“有趣的”为ing结尾的形容词，修饰物，本句修饰things。故interested改成interesting。
10.考查动名词。by doing sth“通过做某事”，by为介词后接动名词。故have改成having。
班级 姓名 准考证号 考场号 座位号
此卷只装订不密封
班级 姓名 准考证号 考场号 座位号
2020-2021学年度高一下学期英语单元双基精品试卷
必修三 Unit4 Astronomy the science of the stars （A）
单词拼写
1. Smoking is ________(有害的) to health, but some people cannot get rid of it.
2. Now we still don’t know whether life e on Mars.
3. I hope you will recover soon in this mild ______(气候).
4. It’s a(n) ________(谜) where all my money goes each week.
5. S make it possible for us to travel into space.
9. The small boat is f on the calm lake.
二、单句语法填空
7. The system suddenly (crash) and I forgot to store documents.
8. Watch out cars when you cross the road.
9. Scientists are wondering whether there is life (exist) on Mars.
10. (Immediate), I raised my hand to answer the question.
11. According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total (globe) fertilizer consumption.
12. You won’t get confused once you get hang of it.
13. While the teacher was teaching, he noticed some students (look) puzzled at what he said.
14. is clear that he will go to the concert tomorrow.
三、翻译句子
15.在爆炸发生后，那条路被封锁了。（block）
The road after the explosion.
16.两国之间发生了冲突。（break）
A conflict .
17.既然你已决定做这件事，就应该把它做好。
, you should do it well.
18.他们注意到一个塑料袋在空中漂浮着。
They noticed a plastic bag .
19.她很善良，并且总是对孩子们很温柔。
She is kind and .
课文语法填空
No one knows exactly 20 the earth began. However, according to a widely accepted theory, the universe began 21 a “Big Bang”. Then the dust 22 (settle) into a solid globe. As the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface. Many 23 (science) believe that it was the presence of water that allowed the earth to dissolve 24 (harm) gases and acids into oceans and seas, which made it possible for life to develop.
Millions of years later, the first small plants appeared on the surface of the water. Their development 25 (follow) by early shellfish, all sorts of fish, green plants and land animals. Reptiles 26 (produce) young generally by laying eggs while mammals gave birth to young baby animals. Dinosaurs existed on the earth for over 140 million years before they suddenly disappeared. The reason 27 they disappeared still remains a mystery.
Finally, humans appeared and spread all over the earth. But they are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from 28 (escape) from the earth into space. As a result of this, people believe the earth may become too hot to live on. So 29 life will continue on the earth will depend on how this problem can be solved.
五、阅读理解
For nearly a century before there was such a thing as a space program, a view of space was possible. People could see full views of the Moon, explore Mars(探测火星), and study the outer space beauty. All of this was made possible by a small group of artist-astronomers(天文艺术家) who worked to show people how other worlds in space might look.
Lucien Rudaux, a French artist, was the first to use his artistic ability and his knowledge of astronomy in art. His paintings show a mixture of skilled observations, brilliant imagination and careful attention. As a result, many of his works have come surprisingly close to actual conditions on distant planets. His painting of Mars included moonlike craters(火山口) that were first photographed by the astronauts in 1965. His 1930 painting of a dust storm looks remarkably like a photograph of a storm taken by the astronauts in 1976.
The artist-astronomers, including Rudaux, made people interested in outer space by painting what turned out to be exact portraits of the planets.
30.The passage tells us .
A. the surprising exactness of space artists
B. the popular success of Lucien Rudaux
C. the imaginations of great artists
D. the likeness between the Moon and Mars
31. According to the passage, artist-astronomers spent their lives .
A. exploring the planets
B. studying paintings
C. painting the planets
D. producing spaceships
32. The works of Lucien Rudaux are a mixture of .
A. astronomy and mathematics
B. astronomy and painting
C. photograph and art
D. fact and imagination
33. In 1965,the astronauts photographed .
A. a spaceship B. a planet
C. craters on the Moon D. a painting
六、七选五
Set your clocks for 4:32 pm(eastern time) on May 27th, 2020. If everything goes as planned, a rocket will launch from Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral, Florida.
34 So what’s the big deal? The big deal is collection of firsts set to blast off on the 27th of May. The first humans are aboard a reusable rocket developed by a private company.
Ever since the opening days of the space age, NASA has designed, built, and flown its very own rockets, and capsules. 35 The privately-held company Space X will be providing the big rocket boost(加湿器) needed to get NASA’s astronauts to the space, aboard a Falcon 9 rocket topped with a Dragon crew capsule.
36 It is trying to make access to space cheaper, chiefly through the use of reusable rockets — once the payload is delivered into orbit, bring the rocket back down the Earth and polish it up for another ride.
In the meantime, NASA has spent the past decade in a highly bureaucratic version of hell. After the sad end of the space shuttle program in 2011, the American space agency was forced to rent seats on Russian-made and Russian-launched Soyuz rockets to get astronauts up to the International Space Station.
37 And now, if everything goes as planned on May 27th, we will make human access to space cheaper, more reliable, and absolutely easier. 38 Space tourism? Moon bases? I would say that the sky is the limit, but the sky is just the start.
A. But this time, it’s different.
B. Rockets go off all the time from the Earth.
C. This made for great wounded national pride.
D. Most of the astronauts haven’t made it up into space.
E. Space X has spent the past decades working tirelessly.
F. NASA has been developing a new space launch system.
G. It’s impossible to say what kind of revolutions that might lead to.
七、完形填空
Camille and Genevieve Beatty, who at 13 and 11 are being praised for building a model of the Mars rover that is now a permanent fixture(固定存在物) at the famous New York Hall of Science.
To have two young girls building our Mars rover is 39 the kind of thing we want to have happen here,” said Margaret Honey.
“But their love of science all started with a little 40 curiosity,” says their father, Robert Beatty, who guided their 41 for engineering. “Camille kept taking things apart. She would bring me a(n) 42 remote control or a destroyed clock, and she’d say, ‘Dad, what’s this little green thing?’”
He didn’t have all the 43 , but he was surprised by her curiosity and asked if she wanted to 44 something herself. Then life in the Beatty’s household started to get 45 . The sisters went from taking things apart to putting things together.
“We would just 46 ,” said Camille. “We started small, using off-the-shelf(现成的) RadioShack parts. Then we 47 let’s go huge with it...and build a 48 !”
“We didn’t set out to 49 two girls to build our Mars rover. We were actually looking for companies that had robotics expertise,” said Honey.
“They studied the 50 rover very closely,” their father said. “The pictures, the drawings...They did everything they could to 51 it in every way.”
What’s the secret to keeping children’s interest in longer-term 52 ? Robert Beatty believes in 53 the girls’ interest and letting them do all the work.
He says the experience has had a very positive role in the girls’ lives outside the 54 as well. “One of my main 55 in this was to give them a sense of self-empowerment. If they 56 a goal, they can go and do it — whether it’s a job, climbing a mountain or building a robot.”
The best part about building robots is 57 time with their dad. “It’s made our 58 amazingly close, among all of us.” Camille said.
39. A. exactly B. rarely C. strangely D. probably
40. A. crazy B. natural C. different D. strange
41. A. preparation B. enthusiasm C. search D. expectation
42. A. ordinary B. cheap C. broken D. old
43. A. answers B. parts C. tools D. ideas
44. A. learn B. find C. buy D. build
45. A. comfortable B. interesting C. regular D. difficult
46. A. wait B. design C. experiment D. case
47. A. decided B. guessed C. required D. insisted
48. A. machine B. plane C. house D. robot
49. A. call on B. look for C. play with D. bring up
50. A. heavy B. expensive C. actual D. big
51. A. copy B. send C. move D. measure
52. A. journeys B. competitions C. plans D. projects
53. A. studying B. sparking C. proving D. showing
54. A. world B. school C. workshop D. organization
55. A. goals B. tricks C. methods D. hobbies
56. A. win B. score C. achieve D. set
57. A. giving B. spending C. reducing D. wasting
58. A. opinion B. distance C. attention D. relationship
八、短文改错
I became interested in astronomy as a kid and used to wonder how big the universe might be and which it was “behind” the stars. As I grew up and finally went to college, I hardly had any time develop my hobby because there was too many homework to do. It was around the year 2019 that I researched astronomy again. Therefore, I didn’t have much time for my hobby either. Often I would like to observe a object in the night sky, but I was either working and looking after my kids, so I shared my hobby with my kids. I encouraged him to observe the stars with me. I told to them about the moon, the stars, the sun and many other interested things up there. By have a common hobby we could spend time together and we all find it interesting.
必修三 Unit4 Astronomy: the science of the stars
答案
一、单词拼写
【答案】
harmful 2. exists 3. climate 4. puzzle 5. Spaceships 6. floating
二、单句语法填空
【答案】
crashed 8. for 9. existing 10. Immediately
11. global 12. the 13. looking 14. It
【解析】
7.考查一般过去时。句意：系统突然崩溃了，我忘记保存文档了。根据后面的forgot可知，此处要用一般过去时，所以填crashed。
8.考查固定用法。句意：你过马路时注意车。watch out for“密切注意，当心”，符合句意。故填for。
9.考查现在分词。句意：科学家们想知道火星上是否存在生命。分析句子结构可知，life和exist在逻辑上是主动关系，所以用现在分词existing。
10.考查副词。句意：我立即举起了手来回答这个问题。Immediately为副词置于句首，修饰整个句子。故填Immediately。
11.考查形容词。句意：根据世界银行的统计，中国占了全世界化肥总消耗量的大约30%。total为形容词修饰名词短语fertilizer consumption。故填global。
12.考查固定短语。句意：一旦你掌握了它的要领，你就不会感到困惑了。固定短语get the hang of“掌握……的要领，了解……的用法”符合句意。故填the。
13.考查现在分词。句意：老师上课时注意到一些学生看起来对他说的话很困惑。此处是“notice+宾语+宾补”结构，some students与look在逻辑上是主动关系，且表示动作正在进行，所以填现在分词looking。
14.考查It作形式主语。句意：很明显他明天要去听音乐会。分析句子结构可知，It作形式主语，that引导的从句为真正的主语。故填It。
三、翻译句子
【答案】
15. was blocked up
16. broke out between the two countries
17. Now that you have decided to do it
18. floating in the sky
19. always gentle with children
四、课文语法填空
【答案】
how 21. with 22. settled 23. scientists 24. harmful
25. was followed 26. produced 27. why 28. escaping 29. whether
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章描述了地球上生命如何产生的经过。
20.考查连接词。句意：没有人确切地知道地球是如何产生的。本句为宾语从句，且从句中缺少方式状语，故填how。
21.考查介词。句意：然而，根据一个被广泛接受的理论，宇宙始于一次“大爆炸”。短语begin with：以……开始；开始于……。故填with。
22.考查动词时态。根据上下文语境可知为描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，故填settled。
23.考查名词的数。句意：许多科学家认为，正是水的存在使地球能够将有害气体和酸溶解到海洋中，从而使生命得以发展。根据句意可知应填scientist且前有many修饰，故填名词复数形式scientists。
24.考查形容词。gases为名词需要形容词修饰，故填harmful。
25.考查动词时态语态。描述过去发生的事情应用一般过去时，且主语development与谓语动词构成被动关系。故填一般过去时的被动语态was followed。
26.考查动词时态。根据下文mammals gave birth to young baby animals可知应用一般过去时，故填produced。
27.考查定语从句连词。句意：他们消失的原因仍然是个谜。固定句型the reason why...表示“……的原因”，reason后的句子为定语从句，从句缺状语，用关系副词why。
28.考查非谓语动词。from为介词后跟动名词做宾语，故填escaping。
29.考查连接词。句意：因此，地球上的生命能否继续将取决于如何解决这个问题。本句为主语从句，从句中不缺少成分，且表示是否，故填whether。
阅读理解
【答案】30-33 ACDC
【解析】在一个世纪以前，人们很多通过天文艺术家的画作来认识宇宙，而有些艺术家的画作，比如法国画家Lucien Rudaux所画的一些画竟然与后来实际拍摄到的景象惊人地相似。这表示了画家惊人的想象力。
30.主旨大意题。本文通过法国画家Lucien Rudaux的画作，展现了画家惊人的想象力。故选A。
31.细节理解题。根据第二段“Lucien Rudaux, a French artist, was the first to use his artistic ability and his knowledge of astronomy in art. His paintings show a mixture of skilled observations, brilliant imagination and careful attention.”可知，天文艺术家主要是画行星的。故选C。
32.细节理解题。根据第二段“His paintings show a mixture of skilled observations, brilliant imagination and careful attention. As a result, many of his works have come surprisingly close to actual conditions on distant planets.”可知Lucien Rudaux的画作是真实与想像的结合。故选D。
33.细节理解题。根据第二段“His painting of Mars included moonlike craters(火山口) that were first photographed by the astronauts in 1965.”可知，1965年是拍到月球陨石坑了。故选C。
六、七选五
【答案】34-38 BAECG
【解析】本文属于说明文。美国东部时间2020年5月27日下午4:32，一枚火箭将从佛罗里达州卡纳维拉尔角的肯尼迪航天中心发射升空。短文介绍了此次火箭发射的意义。
34.空格上文：把你们的闹钟定在2020年5月27日下午4:32吧。如果一切按计划进行，一枚火箭将从佛罗里达州卡纳维拉尔角的肯尼迪航天中心发射升空。空后一句：这有什么了不起呢？由此本空选B（火箭一直都是从地球发射的呀。），该句起到了承上启下的作用。
35.空格上文：从宇航时代开始，火箭和飞船都是由NASA设计建造和发射的。但这次不一样。下文提及是由私人公司发射的。故A选项（但这一次，情况有所不同。）切题。故选A。
36.空格上文：Space X公司将为美国国家航空航天局的宇航员提供所需的火箭助推器，搭载一枚顶部装有“龙”号太空舱的猎鹰9号火箭，本段应该接着谈Space X。本空的下一句是对本空的解释，说明他们的目的，故E选项（Space X在过去的几十年里不知疲倦地工作着。）切题。故选E。
37.空格上文：2011年航天飞机项目结束后，美国航天局被迫租用俄罗斯制造和俄罗斯发射的Soyuz火箭的座位，将宇航员送上国际空间站。本空选C，与前一句是因果关系。故C选项（这件事使美国民族自尊心受到了很大的伤害。）切题。故选C。
38.根据下文连续有两个反问进行举例：太空旅游？月球基地？选项承接下文。故G选项（很难说太空飞行会带来什么样的革命。）切题。故选G。
七、完形填空
【答案】39-43 ADBCA 44-48 DBCAD 49-53 BCADB 54-58 CADBD
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，一对小姐妹自己动手制作了一个火星探测器模型。如今，该模型已经成为纽约科学馆的永久藏品。
39.考查副词。A. exactly：确切地；的确；B. rarely：罕见，稀少；C. strangely：奇怪地；D. probably：可能，也许。此处表示让两个女孩做一个火星探测器正是他们想要发生的事情。故A项正确。
40.考查形容词。A. crazy：疯狂的；B. natural：自然的；C. different：不同的；D. strange：奇怪的。根据本段Camille父亲的话可知，她们的这种爱好的养成是从搞破坏开始的，所以D项正确。
41.考查名词。A. preparation：准备；B. enthusiasm：热情；C. search：寻找；D. expectation：期待。此处表示她们的父亲引导着她们对工程学的热爱，也正是对工程学的热爱，她们才制作了火星探测器模型。故B项正确。
42.考查形容词。A. ordinary：普通的；B. cheap：便宜的；C. broken：坏的；D. old：旧的。与前面的taking things apart呼应，再根据空后的destroyed可知，此处指她经常把东西给拆掉，最后到Camille父亲手上的是一个坏了的遥控器，或者散架的钟表。故C项正确。
43.考查名词。A. answers：答案；B. parts：部分；零件；C. tools：工具；D. ideas：观点。根据前面的“Dad, what’s this little green thing”可知，这里是说她问父亲问题的时候，父亲并不能总是给出答案，也有回答不上来的问题。故A项正确。
44.考查动词。A. learn：学会，学习；B. find：找到，发现；C. buy：购买；D. build：建设，制作。根据前面的“he was surprised by her curiosity”以及下文讲她们制作机器人可知，他对女儿的好奇心感到惊讶，询问女儿是否想自己制作一些东西。故D项正确。
45.考查形容词。A. comfortable：舒服的；B. interesting：有趣的；C. regular：有规律的；D. difficult：困难的。根据语境可知，从此以后，这个家庭的生活变得有趣起来，孩子们学着把东西拆开并组装。故B项正确。
46.考查动词。A. wait：等待；B. design：设计；C. experiment：实验；D. case：情况。从后面的“We started small, using off-the-shelf RadioShack parts.”可知，她们进行实验，不断尝试从制作一些小的东西开始。故C项正确。
47.考查动词。A. decided：决定；B. guessed：猜想，认为；C. required：要求；D. insisted：坚持。与前面的started small呼应，此处指她们从小的东西做起，然后决定制作大一点的东西。故A项正确。
48.考查名词。A. machine：机器；B. plane：飞机；C. house：房子；D. robot：机器人。上文已经提到了Mars rover，这里指她们决定一起制作一个机器人。故D项正确。
49.考查动词短语。A. call on：号召；B. look for：寻找；C. play with：玩耍；D. bring up：抚养；呕吐。根据空后一句可知，开始的时候，这个机构并没有想寻找两个小女孩来制作火星探测器。故B项正确。
50.考查形容词。A. heavy：重的；B. expensive：昂贵的；C. actual：实际的；D. big：巨大的。结合后面的“The pictures, the drawings”可知父亲说她们非常仔细地研究了真实的探测器。故C项正确。
51.考查动词。A. copy：复制；模仿；B. send：发送；C. move：移动；D. measure：测量，重达。与前面的studied，pictures和drawings呼应，这里指他们仔细研究，目的就是模仿制造出一个探测器。故A项正确。
52.考查名词。A. journeys：旅行；B. competitions：竞争；C. plans：计划；D. projects：项目。句意：让孩子们对于长期的项目保持兴趣的秘诀是什么呢？故D项正确。
53.考查动词。A. studying：研究；B. sparking：激发；C. proving：证明；D. showing：展示；说明。根据后面的“the girls’ interest and letting them do all the work”可知，要想让孩子们对于这种长期项目保持兴趣，关键要激发她们的兴趣并且让她们完成所有的工作。故B项正确。
54.考查名词。A. world：世界；B. school：学校；C. workshop：车间；D. organization：组织。根据前面的“the girls’ lives outside”以及她们进行实验制作东西可知，她们应该是在自己的车间中工作的，故C项正确。
55.考查名词。A. goals：目标；B. tricks：计谋；诡计；C. methods：方法；D. hobbies：爱好。孩子们的爸爸说他的主要目标之一就是给他们一种自我授权感。goal符合语境。故A项正确。
56.考查动词。A. win：赢得，战胜；B. score：得分；C. achieve：实现，获得；D. set：设立。结合下文“a goal, they can go and do it”可知，如果她们树立了一个目标，那么她们就可以为此而奋斗。故D项正确。
57.考查动词。A. giving：给予；B. spending：度过，花费；C. reducing：减少；D. wasting：浪费。此处是指她们花时间和父亲在一起。故B项正确。
58.考查名词。A. opinion：观点；B. distance：距离；C. attention：注意力；D. relationship：关系。由于花费时间和父亲在一起，这促进了他们之间的关系，使得他们更加亲密。故D项正确。
八、短文改错
【答案】
1.第一句，which改成what.
2.第二句，在time后加to
3.第二句，many改成much.
4.第四句，Therefore改成However
5.第五句，a改成an
6. 第五句，and改成or
7.第六句，him改成them
8.第七句，去掉to
9.第七句，interested改成interesting
10.第八句，have改成having
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了作者小的时候就对天文学产生了兴趣，但随着自己长大成人，作者发现还是没有时间来培养自己的爱好。所以以作者把自己的爱好告诉给了自己的孩子。1.考查连接代词。句意：我还是个孩子的时候，我就对天文学产生了兴趣，我常常想知道宇宙到底有多大，以及在星星的“背后”是什么。分析句子可知，wonder后接宾语从句，在宾语从句中，was缺少表语，根据句意可知，应用连接代词what来充当表语。故改which改成what。
2.考查动词不定式。句意：随着我长大，最后上了大学，我几乎没有时间培养我的爱好，因为有太多的作业要做。分析句子可知，本句为动词不定式做后置定语。故在time后加to。
3.考查much的用法。homework为不可数名词，应用much来修饰。故many改成much。
4.考查副词。句意：但是，我也没有太多时间来从事我的业余爱好。分析句意可知，前后语意表示转折，所以用However。故Therefore改成However。
5.考查冠词。object为可数名词，且它的首字母的发音为元音因素，所以用不定冠词an来修饰，不定冠词表示泛指。故a改成an。
6.考查连词。either...or...意为“或者……或者……”，为固定短语。故and改成or。
7.考查代词。句意：我鼓励他们和我一起观察星星。根据句意可知代词为them，故him改成them。
8.考查固定搭配。句意：我告诉他们关于月亮、星星、太阳和许多其他有趣的事情。tell sb about sth“告诉某人有关某事”。故去掉to。
9.考查形容词。interesting意为“有趣的”为ing结尾的形容词，修饰物，本句修饰things。故interested改成interesting。
10.考查动名词。by doing sth“通过做某事”，by为介词后接动名词。故have改成having。
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