2020-2021学年度高一下学期英语单元双基精品试卷 必修三 Unit4 Astronomy the science of the stars （B）（含答案）

-1123950339725此卷只装订不密封
班级 姓名 准考证号 考场号 座位号
此卷只装订不密封
班级 姓名 准考证号 考场号 座位号
2020-2021学年度高一下学期英语单元双基精品试卷
必修三 Unit4 Astronomy the science of the stars （B）
阅读理解
A
Astronomy(天文学) is the oldest science known to man. Thousands of years ago man looked at the stars and wondered about heavens(天堂). But the six planets that he could see with his eyes alone limited man.
The Greeks studied astronomy over 2,000 years ago. They could see the size, color, and brightness of a star. They could see its place in the sky. They watched the stars move as the seasons changed. But the Greeks had no tools to help themselves study the heavens.
Each new tool added to the field of astronomy helped man reach out into space. Until there were telescopes(望远镜), man did not know much about the moon. He did not know that the planet called Saturn(土星) had rings around it. His sight was so limited that he could not see all the planets. In the early 1700s, people thought there were only six planets. Pluto(冥王星), the last of the nine planets to be discovered was seen until 1930.
Before the spectroscope(分光镜), man didn’t know what kind of gas was in the sun or other stars, without radio telescopes(射电望远镜), we did not know that radio noise came from far in space.
Today, astronomy is a growing science. We have learned more in the past fifty years than in the whole history of astronomy.
1. Thousands of years ago, what did the man watch with his eyes?
A. The moon B. The stars C. The universe D. All the planets
2. When the Greeks watched the stars, they could .
A. know what the stars were made of
B. not see their places in the sky
C. help themselves study the heavens
D. watch the stars move as the seasons changed
3. Man knew very little about the moon until there were .
A. telescopes B. spectroscopes C. radio telescopes D. spaceships
4. People didn’t know about Pluto until ________.
A. the 1700s B. 2,000 years ago
C. 1930 D. thousands of years ago

B
Unless we spend money to spot and prevent asteroids(小行星) now, one might crash into Earth and destroy life as we know it, say some scientists.
Asteroids are bigger versions of the meteoroids(流星) that race across the night sky. Most orbit the sun far from Earth and don’t threaten us. But there are also thousands of asteroids whose orbits put them on a collision course with Earth.
Buy $50 million worth of new telescopes right now. Then spend $10 million a year for the next 25 years to locate most of the space rocks. By the time we spot a fatal one, the scientists say, we’ll have a way to change its course.
Some scientists favor pushing asteroids off course with nuclear weapons. But the cost wouldn’t be cheap.
Is it worth it? Two things experts consider when judging any risk are: 1) How likely the event is; 2) How bad the consequences if the event occurs. Experts think an asteroid big enough to destroy lots of life might strike Earth once every 500,000 years. Sounds pretty rare — but if one did fall, it would be the end of the world. “If we don’t take care of these big asteroids, they’ll take care of us,” says one scientist. “It’s that simple.”
The cure, though, might be worse than the disease. Do we really want fleets of nuclear weapons sitting around on Earth? “The world has less to fear from doomsday(毁灭性的) rocks than from a great nuclear fleet set against them,” said a New York Times article.
5. What does the passage say about asteroids and meteoroids?
A. They are heavenly bodies different in composition.
B. They are heavenly bodies similar in nature.
C. These are more asteroids than meteoroids.
D. Asteroids are more mysterious than meteoroids.
6. What do scientists say about the collision of an asteroid with Earth?
A. It is unlikely but the danger exists.
B. Such a collision might occur once every 25 years.
C. Collision of smaller asteroids with Earth occur more often than expected.
D. It’s still too early to say whether such a collision might occur.
7. What do people think of the suggestion of using nuclear weapons to alter the course of asteroids?
A. It sounds practical but it may not solve the problem.
B. It may create more problems than it might solve.
C. It is a waste of money because a collision of asteroids with Earth is very unlikely.
D. Further research should be done before it is proved applicable.
8. We can conclude from the passage that .
A. while pushing asteroids off course nuclear weapons would destroy the world
B. asteroids racing across the night sky are likely to hit Earth in the near future
C. the worry about asteroids can be left to future generations since it is unlikely to happen in our lifetime
D. workable solutions still have to be found to prevent a collision of asteroids with Earth

七选五
Countries around the globe are spending billions of dollars and lots of time on various space missions. 9 Instead, we should feed the world’s poor and find immediate solutions to other problems. However, others feel this is a shallow view which fails to realize how exploring space helps us.
10 It has directly resulted in the many satellites that now orbit Earth. A number of the satellites record data on land and weather patterns. 11 After careful analysis, the scientists can provide useful recommendations and advice for farmers.
Space exploration has already promoted technological improvements that benefit us all. High-end products around the world are made to a higher standard. Today space technologies are widely used in all kinds of industries. 12
Sending astronauts into space has helped people think about the world’s problems and find ways to solve them. Our planet’s resources are limited. In order to provide for the rapidly increasing population, scientists are trying to find other planets that could one day be our new home. 13 In the future, humans may live on both planets.
Exploring space benefits us so much. So it should continue so as to provide new and better solutions to people’s short-term and long-term problems.
A. Then the data is transmitted to scientists on Earth.
B. Exploring space brings many difficulties to the world.
C. Some people think we should realize how exploring space helps us.
D. The greatest attention at present is on Mars because it is closer to Earth.
E. Some people argue we should stop wasting time and money exploring space.
F. Exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.
G. GPS, memory foam pillows, smartphone cameras and so on are changing our lives.

三、完形填空
One weekend, 11-year-old Ann had an accident. She was 14 for several days. On June 5, Ann was finally awake and aware enough to be told her leg was 15 . And according to Metge, her daughter had a wonderful 16 from the beginning.
“She had an amazing view,” Metge said. After a hard, scary night, Ann got up, her usual huge smile 17 , and said “I only have to find one 18 out of the basket now!” Over the past months, Ann has been 19 with an artificial leg and learned how to 20 to her new life. “Mostly, she’s done well,” Metge said. “When she’s up and busy, nothing can 21 her. But evening is hard because it’s when all emotions and suffering 22 over her and she’s worn out. But 23 , morning always comes and she wakes up 24 .”
Ann said, her optimism(乐观) came from all the 25 she has received. “So many people help and inspire me,” Ann said. “I can’t even imagine 26 something this hard without them.” A big part is from Ann’s cheer squad(啦啦队) teammates who hold her up. Ann dreams of being a one-legged flyer. “I’m much 27 without the weight of one entire leg, even more suitable for the 28 . I really expect the experience of flying.”
14. A. disabled B. disappointed C. unprepared D. unconscious
15. A. damaged B. struck C. cut off D. broken up
16. A. plan B. attitude C. choice D. idea
17. A. spreading B. disappearing C. changing D. hiding
18. A. skirt B. gift C. card D. sock
19. A. busy B. fitted C. careful D. involved
20. A. return B. lead C. devote D. adapt
21. A. depress B. surprise C. interest D. comfort
22. A. knock B. check C. flood D. watch
23. A. hopefully B. thankfully C. generally D. naturally
24. A. amazed B. tired C. refreshed D. satisfied
25. A. praise B. donation C. training D. encouragement
26. A. looking through B. going through C. giving up D. making up
27. A. thinner B. freer C. lighter D. faster
28. A. role B. career C. form D. match

语法填空
The earth is a special planet in the solar system. The explosion of the earth 29 (produce) carbon, nitrogen, vapor and other gases, making the earth’s atmosphere. What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water, which is fundamental 30 the development of life, appeared and stayed on its surface. The continued 31 (present) of allowed the earth to dissolve 32 (harm) gases into the oceans and this produced a chain reaction which made it possible for life 33 (develop).
Many millions of years later, the arrival of small plants encouraged the development of early shellfish 34 all sorts of fish. Then, with the first green plants 35 (appear) on land, land animals appeared and dinosaurs developed and existed on the earth for millions of years. Then dinosaurs’ sudden disappearance made the rise of mammals possible on the earth. They were different from all life forms 36 ever existed in the past because they produced young baby animals. 37 (final) some small clever animals with hands and legs appeared and spread all over the earth. Thus they, in 38 (they) turn, have become the most important animals.

应用文写作
假如你是李华，北京2022东奥组委会正在招募志愿者，其职责是接待各国运动员及宣传中国文化，组委会要求志愿者能够熟练运用英语，请你用英文写一封申请信，内容包括：
1.说明写信目的；
2.详述你的优势；
3.期盼你的回复。
注意：1.词数80词左右；
2.可适当增加细节以使行文连贯。







读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
A little girl whose parents had died lived with her grandmother and slept in an upstairs bedroom.
One night there was a fire in the house and the grandmother died while trying to rescue the child. The fire spread quickly, and the situation was terrible.
Neighbours called the fire department, then stood helplessly by, unable to enter the house because flames blocked all the entrances. The little girl appeared at an upstairs window, crying for help, just as word spread among the crowd that the firefighters would be delayed a few minutes because they were all at another fire.
Suddenly, a man appeared with a ladder, put it up against the side of the house and disappeared inside. When he reappeared, he had the little girl in his arms. He delivered the child to the waiting arms below, then disappeared into the night.
An investigation revealed that the child had no living relatives, and weeks later a meeting was held in the town hall to determine who would take the child into their home and bring her up.
A teacher said she would like to raise the child. She pointed out that she could ensure her a good education. A farmer offered her an upbringing(教养) on his farm. He pointed out that living on a farm was healthy and satisfying. Others spoke, giving their reasons why it was to the child’s advantage to live with them.
Finally, the town's richest resident rose and said, “I can give this child all the advantages that you have mentioned here, plus money and everything that money can buy.”
Throughout all this, the child remained silent, her eyes on the floor.
“Does anyone else want to speak?” asked the meeting chairman. A man came forward from the back of the hall. He walked slowly and appeared to be in pain.
Paragraph 1:
When he got to the front of the hall, he stood directly in front of the little girl and held out his arms.





Paragraph 2:
When asked about her choice, the girl gave people the reasons firmly.







必修三 Unit4 Astronomy: the science of the stars
答案
阅读理解
【答案】1-4 BDAC
【解析】天文学的发展史就是一部观测仪器不断进步的历史，从古希腊到现代，随着观测仪器越来越先进，人们对太空的了解也越来越多。
1.细节理解题。根据第一段中“Thousands of years ago man looked at the stars and wondered about heaven.”可知，几千年前人们是用肉眼观察星星。故选B。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段“They watched the stars move as the seasons changed.”可知，古希腊人能观察到星星随着季节移动。故选D。
3.细节理解题。根据第三段“Until there were telescopes, man did not know much about the moon.”可知，直到有了望远镜，人们才开始了解月球。故选A。
4.细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Pluto, the last of the nine planets to be discovered was seen until 1930.”可知，直到1930年人们才发现了冥王星。故选C。
【答案】5-8 BABD
【解析】本文属于议论文，讲述小行星有可能摧毁地球，对此我们应该采取什么措施，如果是核武器来改变其运行轨道的话，会产生更多的问题。
5.推理判断题。根据第第二段“Asteroids are bigger versions of the meteoroids that race across the night sky.”可知，小行星是流星的加大版，因而两者本质相似，只是规模不一样，故选B。
6.细节理解题。根据第五段“Experts think an asteroid big enough to destroy lots of life might strike Earth once every 500 000 years. Sounds pretty rare — but if one did fall, it would be the end of the world.”可知危险是存在的，故选A。
7.推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，用核武器解决小行星的时候，核武器本身会制造出更多的问题，因为人们并不喜欢地球上到处是核武器，故选B。
8.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Do we really want fleets of nuclear weapons sitting around on Earth?”可知，用核武器解决小行星的问题并不是最好的，需要寻找更好的解决办法。故选D。
二、七选五
【答案】9-13 EFAGD
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述的是太空探索给人类生活带来的益处。
9.空格前句：全球各国正在花费数十亿美元和大量的时间在各种太空任务上。空格后句：相反，我们应该用这些钱养活世界上的穷人和找出解决其他问题的办法。E项（一些人称我们应该停止浪费钱和时间探索太空。）能够承接上文探索太空的话题，又能够引起下文，故选E项。
10.空格所填句子为本段主旨句。根据本段内容可知该段是说，许多环绕地球的卫星能够记录天气情况，科学家经过数据分析后，能够为农民提供有用的建议。这可以帮助农民多生产粮食来对饥饿。F项意为（探索太空已经在对抗世界饥饿的战争中发挥了作用。）切题，能够概括段落主旨。故选F项。
11.空格前句提到许多卫星记录陆地和天气相关的数据，空格后句则是说，经过严密的数据分析后，科学家能为农民提供有用的建议。A项（然后数据被传送给地球上的科学家。）能够承上启下，首先是卫星记录数据，然后数据传送给科学家，最后科学家分析数据。故选A选项。
12.根据空格所在段段首句“Space exploration has already promoted technological improvements that benefit us all.”可知，本段主要讲的是太空探索促使的技术进步使我们受益。G项（GPS、记忆泡沫枕头、智能手机等都在改变我们的生活。）说的正是太空探索给我们生活带来的益处，符合段落主旨。故选G项。
13.空格前句提到科学家们正在努力寻找有一天会成为我们新家的其他星球。D项（目前最受关注的是火星，因为它离地球更近。）能够承接上文，且句中的Mars（火星）和上文other planets（其他星球）相呼应。故选D项。
三、完形填空
【答案】14-18 DCBAD 19-23 BDACB 24-28 CDBCA
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。11岁的女孩安在一次事故后失去了一条腿，但是她很积极乐观，很快适应了之后的生活。
14.考查形容词。A. disabled：残疾的； B. disappointed：失望的；C. unprepared：没准备好的；D. unconscious：昏迷的。根据后文“On June 5, Ann was finally awake”可知，安之前昏迷了好几天。故选D。
15.考查动词和动词短语。句意：6月5日，安终于清醒过来，并被告知她的腿被截肢了。A. damaged：伤害；B. struck：打击；C. cut off：切掉；D. broken up：分手。根据“with an artificial leg”可知，此处是指她的腿被截肢了。故选C。
16.考查名词。句意：梅奇说，她女儿从一开始就有很好的态度。A. plan：计划； B. attitude：态度；C. choice：选择；D. idea：想法。根据后文“She had an amazing view”可知，此处是指她一开始的态度就很好。故选B。
17.考查动词。A. spreading：传播，蔓延；B. disappearing：消失；C. changing：改变；D. hiding：躲藏。根据前文“She had an amazing view”可知，她依然像往常一样微笑。故选A。
18.考查名词。A. skirt：短裙；B. gift：礼物；C. card：卡片；D. sock：袜子。根据后文“with an artificial leg”可知，她还有一条腿，所以她只需要找一只袜子。故选D。
19.考查形容词。A. busy：忙碌的；B. fitted：合适的，定制的，有……设备的；C. careful：小心的；D. involved：参与的。此处是指安已经安上了一条假肢。故选B。
20.考查动词。A. return；B. lead：领导；C. devote：奉献于……；D. adapt：适应。根据to her new life可知，安已经装上了一条假肢，并学会了如何适应她的新生活。故选D。
21.考查动词。A. depress：使沮丧；B. surprise：使惊讶；C. interest：使感兴趣；D. comfort：安慰。此处是指当她起床忙碌时，没有什么能使她沮丧。故选A。
22.考查动词。A. knock：敲击；B. check：检查；C. flood：涌来；D. watch：观察。根据“evening is hard”可知，此处是指到了晚上所有的情感和痛苦都会涌上她的心头。故选C。
23.考查副词。句意：但谢天谢地，早晨总会到来，她醒来时精神焕发。A. hopefully：有希望地；B. thankfully：谢天谢地；C. generally：大体上地；D. naturally：自然地。根据转折词but可知，此处是指她到了早上状态会很好。故选B。
24.考查形容词。A. amazed：惊奇的；B. tired：疲劳的；C. refreshed：精神焕发的；D. satisfied：满意的。此处是她到了早上状态会很好。故选C。
25.考查名词。A. praise：表扬； B. donation：捐赠；C. training：训练；D. encouragement：鼓励。此处是指她的乐观来自于所有的鼓励。故选D。
26.考查动词短语。A. looking through：浏览；B. going through：度过；C. giving up：放弃；D. making up：编织。根据“something this hard”可知，此处是指度过如此艰难的日子。故选B。
27.考查形容词。句意：没有了整条腿的重量，我更轻了，更适合这个角色。A. thinner：更瘦的；B. freer：更自由的；C. lighter：更轻的；D. faster：更快的。根据“without the weight of one entire leg”可知此处是指她变得更轻了。故选C。
28.考查名词。A. role：角色；B. career：生涯；C. form：形式；D. match：比赛。此处是指她轻了之后，更适合拉拉队里被举起的这个角色。故选A。
四、语法填空
【答案】
29. produced 30. to 31. presence 32. harmful 33. to develop
34. and 35. appearing 36. that 37. Finally 38. their
【解析】本文是一篇科普说明文，主要讲述了地球的起源以及生命的发展过程。
29.考查时态。句意：土壤的爆炸产生了碳、氮、蒸汽和其他气体，形成了大气层。根据语境可知，此处在描述过去发生的动作，所以要填produced。
30.考查介词。形容词短语be fundamental to意为：对……来说是必不可少的，为固定搭配。所以要填介词to。
31.考查名词。句意：水的继续存在让地球能把有害气体溶解进入海洋。根据空前的The continued及空后的of可知，此处应用名词形式，指水的继续存在。所以句中要填名词形式presence。
32.考查形容词。根据空后的名词gases可知，这里应用形容词修饰名词；且根据语境可知，这里应填harmful。
33.考查非谓语动词。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，此处是“make it+ adj.+(for sb.) to do”结构，其中it为形式宾语，动词不定式短语充当真正的宾语。所以句中要填不定式to develop。
34.考查连词。shellfish与all sorts of fish之间是并列关系，故用and连接。所以要填and。
35.考查非谓语动词。句意：随着绿色植物出现在陆地上，陆地动物出现了，恐龙出现并在地球上存在了千百万年。此处是“with+宾语+宾补”结构，宾语the first plants与appear之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用动词的现在分词形式作宾补。所以要填现在分词appearing。
36.考查关系代词。空格处引导定语从句，指代前面的先行词life forms，并在从句中充当主语，又因先行词前面有all修饰，故用that，不用which。所以要填that。
37.考查副词。空格处所填词要修饰整个句子，应用副词。使用要填副词Finally。
38.考查代词。介词短语in one’s turn意为：轮到某人，根据提示词可知填their。所以句中要填their。
应用文写作
【范文】
Dear Sir or Madam,
I’m writing to apply to be a volunteer for Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games. I’m convinced that I’m well qualified for the position. First, I have a good command of oral English, which enables me to communicate with others freely. What’s more, I have some relevant work experience, working as a volunteer for years at international football and basketball games. I regard it a great opportunity and a privilege to introduce China to foreign friends in my own way. Any favorable consideration of my application would be highly appreciated. Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生用英文写一封申请信，申请2022北京冬奥会志愿者。
第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时。
结构：总分法，指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
第二步：列提纲（重点词组）
apply to；be qualified for；have a good command of；enable sb. to do；communicate with；work as；introduce...to...；look forward to
第三步：连词成句
1. I’m writing to apply to be a volunteer for Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games.
2. I regard it a great opportunity and a privilege to introduce China to foreign friends in my own way.
3. Looking forward to your reply.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表文章结构顺序：First
2.表并列补充关系：What’s more
3.表因果关系：Because，As，So，Thus，Therefore，As a result
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
六、读后续写
【范文】
Paragraph 1:
When he got to the front of the hall, he stood directly in front of the little girl and held out his arms. His hands and arms were terribly scarred. The little girl cried out, “This is the man who rescued me!” With a leap, she threw her arms around the man’s neck. She buried her face in his shoulder and sobbed for a few moments. Then she looked up and smiled, stating happily she would live with him.
Paragraph 2:
When asked about her choice, the girl gave people the reasons firmly. She said in a low but determined voice, “I really desire to get a good education that will give me chances to live my dreams. Besides, I know that money means a lot to me since I have no relatives to rely on. But it’s the man who saved my life when I was desperately facing a fire like that. Without him, I wouldn’t be here, waiting for a new choice. I hope that I can do whatever I can to pay back his kindness.”
【解析】本文讲述了一个没有父母的女孩，跟着祖母一起住又遭遇火灾，一个勇敢的男人救下这个孩子，却悄然离去，后来，孩子选择由自己的救命恩人抚养的故事。
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容可知，第一段可描写当自己的救命恩人来到面前时，小女孩果断地选择了他。②由第二段首句内容可知，第二段可描写这个女孩给出的理由。
2.续写线索：相遇——选择——给出理由——最终结果