2020-2021学年度高一下学期英语单元双基精品试卷 必修四 Unit1 Women of achievement（B）（含答案）

-1123950339725此卷只装订不密封
班级 姓名 准考证号 考场号 座位号
此卷只装订不密封
班级 姓名 准考证号 考场号 座位号
2020-2021学年度高一下学期英语单元双基精品试卷
必修四 Unit1 Women of achievement（B）
阅读理解
A
You probably have heard of many famous people like Marie Curie, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?
Jane Addams(1860-1935)
Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addans helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need. In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.
Rachel Carson(1907-1964)
If it weren’t for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world’s lakes and oceans.
Sandra Day O’Connor(1930-present)
When Sandra Day O’Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator(参议员) and, in 1981, the first woman to join the U.S. Supreme Court. O’Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.
Rosa Parks(1913-2005)
On December 1,1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rasa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil right’s movement. “The only tired I was, was tired of giving in,” said Parks.
What is Jane Addams noted for in history?
A. Her social work. B. Her lack of proper training in law.
C. Her efforts to win a prize. D. Her community background.
2. What is the reason for O’Connor’s being rejected by the law firm?
A. Her lack of proper training in law.
B. Her little work experience in court.
C. The discrimination against women.
D. The poor financial conditions.
3. Who made a great contribution to the civil right’s movement in the US?
A. Jane Addams. B. Rachel Carson.
C. Sandra Day O’Connor D. Rosa Parks.
4. What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?
A. They are highly educated. B. They are pioneers.
C. They are peace-lovers. D. They are truly creative.

B
Did you know that Albert Einstein could not speak until he was four years old, and did not read until he was seven? His parents and teachers worried about his mental ability.
Beethoven’s music teacher said about him, “As a composer(作曲家) he is hopeless.” What if this young boy believed it?
When Thomas Edison was a young boy, his teachers said he was so stupid that he could never learn anything. He once said, ‘‘I remember I used to never be able to get along at school. I was always at the foot of my class...My father thought I was stupid, and I almost decided that I was a stupid person.” What if young Thomas believed what may said about him?
When the sculptor(雕刻家) Auguste Rodin was young, he had difficulty learning to read and write. Today, we may say he had a learning disability. His father said of him, “I have an idiot(白痴) for a son.” His uncle agreed. “He’s uneducable,” he said. What if Rodin had doubted his ability?
Walt Disney was once fired by a newspaper editor because he was thought to have no “good ideas”. Enrico Caruso was told by one music teacher, “You can’t sing. You have no voice at all.” And an editor told Louisa May Alcott that she was unable to write anything that would have popular appeal.
What if these people had listened and become discouraged? Where would our world be without the music of Beethoven, the art of Rodin or the ideas of Albert Einstein and Walt Disney? As Oscar Levant once said, “It’s not what you are but what you don’t become that hurts.”
You have great potential. When you believe in all you can be, rather than all you cannot become, you will find your place on earth.
5. How many successful people are mentioned as examples in the passage?
A. six. B. seven. C. eight. D. nine.
6. Which of the following statements is RIGHT?
A. When he was young, Thomas Edison always got good grades at school.
B. Levant thought Louisa May Alcott couldn’t write any popular works.
C. Only Auguste Rodin’s uncle regarded him a boy of learning ability.
D. Both Enrico Caruso and Beethoven achieved their dreams in music.
7. What’s the meaning of the underlined sentence “He’s uneducable”?
A. He can’t be taught. B. He is very clever.
C. He is different. D. He is a late success.
8. What is the best title of the passage?
A. Working Hard for Success B. Having Dreams
C. Believing in Yourself D. Self-challenging

七选五
When people have a choice of whom to work with, likability can sometimes matter a little bit; more than ability, said Tiziana Casciaro, an associate professor at the University of Toronto’s Rotman School of Management, who researches likability in the workplace. 9 These strategies can help:
10
You can induce a sense of similarity with almost anybody by finding things you have in common. They may not be apparent right away, so be observant. Great salespeople do this all the time by studying potential customers for bits and pieces of their lives they can relate to.
Like someone and they’ll like you right back
11 Flattery(奉承) can convey fondness, but she doesn’t recommend using the fake kind, even though it may work. Casciaro said, “Flattery that is completely made up is exhausting and morally blameworthy.”Instead, let a praise come from a real place. 12 For instance, “I really appreciate what you did yesterday.”
When you give people praises, it goes a very long way towards their liking you back.
Be a familiar presence
Humans like things that are familiar, so just seeing you around in person makes you more likable to others. “This concept gives a whole new meaning to the idea of face time,” Casciaro said. 13 If not, just try to talk to people as much as possible in person during work hours, she advised you want to maximize rich interactions and cut down on the drier ones, like texts and phone calls. Be sure to be seen.
A. Ask a lot of questions.
B. See the positive in a person and express it to him.
C. People like to guess what others think about them.
D. What can you do to increase your chances of being liked?
E. Find the common points that link you with another person.
F. It’s almost irresistible that we like people who seem to like us.
G. Go to after-work drinks if you have time and you would find the outing enjoyable.

三、完形填空
How do you kill your time when you go to work? Most of us stare at our cell phones, 14 to make eye contact with others. We just chat or play games online. Or maybe we’re using the time between 15 to do our makeup, catch up on emails, or read a few chapters of a book. However, Dina Alfasi takes a very different 16 .
Each day she has to travel hours on buses or trains to get to her engineering job at a hospital in Israel. Rather than look at her cell phone in silence, she uses one very special way to have 17 with strangers. It is portraits of the people she meets on public 18 every day that she is taking. The photographs 19 the tiny moments in the everyday lives of strangers. Some people lean their head against the window and go to sleep, some stare into space and have a 20 , and others sit quietly to read their documents or books.
Fascinated by people she 21 every day, Dina Alfasi has been photographing unaware 22 for the past few years. It started 23 as a way to pass time during her daily commute(上下班), but it eventually became a 24 part of her artwork and life. Her award-winning photography has been 25 worldwide.
Dina told My Modern Met, “What 26 me very much are the little moments that happen every day. My work is to tell stories through a single portrait, and it 27 that all you need is just to look around and find those magic 28 .”
14. A. unwilling B. ready C. unlikely D. sensitive
15. A. meals B. classes C. stops D. meetings
16. A. approach B. seat C. phone D. book
17. A. appointments B. connection C. fun D. words
18. A. network B. platform C. exhibition D. transport
19. A. celebrate B. catch C. remind D. contain
20. A. daydream B. exploration C. analysis D. journey
21. A. introduces B. visits C. attracts D. encounters
22. A. relatives B. passengers C. colleagues D. tourists
23. A. absolutely B. apparently C. generally D. simply
24. A. temporary B. typical C. significant D. complex
25. A. accepted B. purchased C. copied D. exhibited
26. A. bores B. inspires C. puzzles D. troubles
27. A. proves B. predicts C. describes D. informs
28. A. photographs B. stories C. moments D. memories

四、语法填空
Most people know that Marie Curie was the first woman 29 (win) the Nobel Prize, and the first person to win it 30 (two). However, few people know that she was also the mother of a Nobel Prize winner.
31 (bear) in September, 1897, Irene Curie was the first of the Curies, two daughters. Along with nine other children 32 parents were also famous scholars, Irene studied in their own school, and her mother was one of the teachers.
Irene entered the University of Paris in 1914 to prepare for a degree in mathematics and physics. When World War I began, Irene went to help her mother, 33 was using X-ray facilities(设备) to help save the lives of 34 (wound) soldiers.
In 1918, Irene became her mother’s assistant at the Curie Institute. In December 1924, Frederic Joliot joined the Institute, and Irene taught him the techniques 35 (require) for his work. They soon fell in love and were 36 (marry) in 1926.
Like her mother, Irene combined family and career. Like her mother, Irene 37 (award) a Nobel Prize, along with her husband, in 1935. Unfortunately, also like her mother, she developed leukemia(白血病) because of her work with radioactivity(辐射能). Irene Joliot-Curie died from leukemia 38 March 17, 1956.

应用文写作
你们市政府（Municipal government）的英文网站正在征文。请以身边值得尊敬的人为题，用英文写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：
1.人物简介；
2.对自己的影响。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2.短文题目自拟。







六、读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
There was something in the elderly woman’s grace that caught my eye. Although slow and unsure of her steps, the woman moved with deliberation(从容), and there was no hesitation in her gestures.
It was a few years ago, and I had taken a part-time holiday-season job in a video store at the local shopping mall. From inside the store, I could see the people outside rushing by.
The elderly woman entered the store, along with her daughter, who was displaying a serious case of impatience, rolling her eyes, sighing and checking her watch every few seconds. I guessed if she had possessed a rope, she would have fastened it to her mother to drag her along to keep step with the rush of other shoppers.
The elderly woman separated from her daughter and began to seek through the DVDs on the nearest shelf. After the slightest hesitation, I walked over and asked if I could help her find something. The woman smiled up at me and showed me a title written on an old piece of paper.
Rather than rush off to locate the DVD for the woman, I asked her to walk with me so I could show her where she could find it. Looking back, I thought I wanted to enjoy her company for a moment.
Something about her deliberate movements reminded me of my own mother, who’d passed away the previous Christmas. I missed my mom and still felt regretful about the moments when I’d used my impatience to make her life unhappy.
As we walked along the back of the store, I introduced its floor plan: old television shows, action movies, cartoons, science fiction. The woman seemed glad of the unrushed company and casual conversation.
We found the DVD and she thanked me, saying that it was the one she’d enjoyed when she was her daughter’s age. Unwillingly, I accompanied her to the cash register, realizing I had to return the elderly woman to her daughter, who was still tapping her foot at the front of the store.
Paragraph 1:
As the elderly woman was waiting in the queue at the cash register, I walked over to her daughter.






Paragraph 2:
Together they made their way toward the store’s exit.







必修四 Unit1 Women of achievement
答案
阅读理解
【答案】1-4 ACDB
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了过去100年里杰出的几位女性。
1.推理判断题。根据Jane Addams部分提到Addams帮助穷人，为和平而努力。她通过为有需要的人建立庇护所、促进教育和服务来鼓励社区意识。由此可以推断出，Jane Addams在历史上，因为她的社会福利工作而声名卓著，故选A。
2.细节理解题。根据Sandra Day O’Connor部分“When Sandra Day O'Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.”可知Sandra Day O’Connor被律师事务所拒绝的原因是性别歧视，故选C。
3.细节理解题。根据Rosa Parks部分“It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement.”（它持续了一年多，并引发了民权运动。）可知Rosa Parks为美国民权运动做出了巨大贡献，故选D。
4.推理判断题。根据第一段第二句：在以下列出的杰出女性中，你认为谁是过去100年里最重要的女性？由此推断出，文章中提到的女性都是先驱者，故选B。
【答案】5-8 BDAC
【解析】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章讲述一些名人在成长过程被其他人否定，但他们仍然相信自己，最终取得成功，可见相信自己是非常重要的。
5.细节理解题。根据文中第一段提到爱因斯坦，第二段贝多芬，第三段爱迪生，第四段提到雕塑家奥古斯特·罗丹，第五段提到华特·迪士尼，恩里科·卡鲁索和路易莎·梅·奥尔科特，文章中共提到七位成功人士。故选B项。
6.细节理解题。根据第二段可知，贝多芬实现音乐梦想，再根据第五段提到“Enrico Caruso was told by one music teacher, “You can’t sing. You have no voice at all.””可知，恩里科·卡鲁索曾被音乐老师告知不会唱歌，却最后成为歌唱家，故选D项。
7.句意猜测题。根据第四段提到“His father said of him, “I have an idiot for a son.” His uncle agreed. “He’s uneducable,” he said.”可知，他的父亲说他有个白痴的儿子，他的叔叔说他“朽木不可雕”，故选A项。
8.主旨大意题。本文讲述的是一些名人被否定的故事，但他们仍然相信自己，最终取得成功，故选C项。
二、七选五
【答案】9-13 DEFBG
【解析】研究者发现：当人们选择和谁一起工作的时候，喜爱程度有时候比能力更重要一点。
9.根据后句“These strategies can help”和下文内容可知选D：你能做些什么来增加被人喜爱的机会？
10.空格处是小标题。根据下文“You can induce a sense of similarity with almost anybody by finding things you have in common.”可知选E：找到你和别人的共同点。
11.根据空格后句“Flattery can convey fondness, but she doesn’t recommend using the fake kind, even though it may work.”可知选F：我们喜欢的人也喜欢我们，这几乎是不可抗拒的。
12.根据空格后句的举例可知，要看到一个人积极的一面，并告诉他。故选B。
13.根据空格后两句“If not, just try to talk to people as much as possible in person during work hours, she advised you want to maximize rich interactions and cut down on the drier ones, like texts and phone calls. Be sure to be seen.”可知，有时间，可以下班后去喝喝酒，你会发现社交的乐趣。故选G。
三、完形填空
【答案】14-18 ACABD 19-23 BADBD 24-28 CDBAC
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。Dina Alfasi平时通过拍摄她每天在公共交通上遇到的人的照片来打发时间，她获奖的摄影作品在世界各地展出。
14.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：大多数人盯着手机，不愿意和别人有眼神交流。A. unwilling：不愿意的；B. ready：准备好的；C. unlikely：不可能的；D. sensitive：敏感的。根据前面“Most of us stare at our cell phones”可知，大多数人宁愿盯着手机，也不愿意和别人有眼神交流。故选A。
15.考查名词词义辨析。A. meals：一顿饭；B. classes：课堂；C. stops：休息；D. meetings：会议。根据“do our makeup, catch up on emails, or read a few chapters of a book.”可知，这些事所花的时间都较少，所以是指利用休息的间隙。故选C。
16.考查名词词义辨析。A. approach：方法；B. seat：座位；C. phone：电话；D. book：书籍。根据后文17空前“she uses one very special way”可知，此处是指Dina Alfasi采取了一种非常不同的方法。故选A。
17.考查名词词义辨析。A. appointments：约会；B. connection：联系；C. fun：趣味；D. words：言语。根据空后一句“It is portraits of the people she meets on public transport every day that she is taking.”可知，此处的方式是指她会拍摄每天在公共交通上遇到的人的照片，所以此处是指与陌生人建立联系的方式。故选B。
18.考查名词词义辨析。A. network：网络；B. platform：平台；C. exhibition：展览；D. transport：交通。根据第二段第一句“Each day she has to travel hours on buses or trains to get to her engineering job at a hospital in Israel.”（她每天都要坐几个小时的公交车或火车去以色列的一家医院做工程工作。）可知，此处是指她每天在公共交通上遇到的人。故选D。
19.考查动词词义辨析。A. celebrate：祝贺；B. catch：捕捉；C. remind：提醒；D. contain：包含。根据宾语the tiny moments可知，此处是指这些照片捕捉到了陌生人日常生活中的微小瞬间。故选B。
20.考查名词词义辨析。句意：有的人把头靠在窗户上睡觉，有的人盯着天空做白日梦，有的人静静地坐着读着文件或书。A. daydream：白日梦；B. exploration：探索；C. analysis：分析；D. journey：旅行。根据some stare into space可知，有些人在发呆，做起了白日梦。故选A。
21.考查动词词义辨析。句意：蒂娜·阿尔法西对每天遇到的人都很感兴趣，在过去几年里，她一直在拍摄不知情的乘客。A. introduces：介绍；B. visits：参观；C. attracts：吸引；D. encounters：遇见。此处是指蒂娜·阿尔法西对每天遇到的人都很感兴趣。故选D。
22.考查名词词义辨析。A. relatives：亲戚；B. passengers：乘客；C. colleagues：同事；D. tourists：旅客。此处是指蒂娜·阿尔法西一直在拍摄不知情的乘客。故选B。
23.考查副词词义辨析。句意：一开始这只是她在上下班路上打发时间的一种方式，但最终它成为了她的艺术作品和生活的重要组成部分。A. absolutely：完全地；B. apparently：明显地；C. generally：大体上地；D. simply：只是。根据a way to pass time可知，此处应用simply表示一开始这只是她打发时间的方式。故选D。
24.考查形容词词义辨析。A. temporary：临时的； B. typical典型的；C. significant：重要的；D. complex：复杂的。根据空后一句可知，现在它已经成为了她的艺术作品和生活的重要组成部分。故选C。
25.考查动词词义辨析。句意：她获奖的摄影作品在世界各地展出。A. accepted：接受；B. purchased：购买；C. copied：复制；D. exhibited：展出。根据Her award-winning photography可知，她的摄影作品获奖了，所以在世界各地展出。故选D。
26.考查动词词义辨析。句意：每天发生的那些小瞬间给了我很大的启发。A. bores：使无聊；B. inspires：启发；C. puzzles：使困惑；D. troubles：给……带来麻烦。根据上文“The photographs 19 the tiny moments in the everyday lives of strangers.”和“Fascinated by people she 21 every day”可知选B。
27.考查动词词义辨析。A. proves：证明；B. predicts：预测；C. describes：描述；D. informs：通知。Dina Alfasi通过拍摄细微瞬间获奖了，这证明了我们只需要环顾四周，善于发现，就能找到那些美好的时刻。故选A。
28.考查名词词义辨析。A. photographs：照片；B. stories：故事；C. moments：时刻；D. memories：记忆。此处强调那些美好的时刻。故选C。
四、语法填空
【答案】
29. to win 30. twice 31. Born 32. whose 33. who
34. wounded 35. required 36. married 37. was awarded 38. on
【解析】本文为记叙文。居里夫人是第一个获得诺贝尔奖的女子，也是第一个获得两次诺贝尔奖的人。然而，很少有人知道，她的女儿也获得过诺贝尔奖。居里夫人的女儿Irene跟随母亲从事镭元素的研究，与丈夫一起获得了诺贝尔奖。遗憾的是，Irene跟母亲一样，也是因辐射患上了白血病。
29.考查动词不定式作后置定语。此句中的woman被序数词the first修饰，如果名词前有序数词如first，last或形容词最高级修饰，常用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to win。
30.考查副词。分析语境可知，此处是指居里夫人也是第一个两次（twice）获得诺贝尔奖的人。故填twice。
31.考查非谓语作状语。分析句子可知，本句为非谓语作状语。be born in为固定用法，意为出生。Irene Curie与bear是被动关系，故填Born。
32.考查定语从句。本句含有定语从句，先行词为nine other children ，在从句中作名词parents的定语，故填whose。
33.考查定语从句。句意：第一次世界大战开始时，艾琳去帮助她母亲，那时她母亲正在使用X光设备帮助挽救受伤士兵的生命。此句为定语从句，其中的先行词为her mother在定语从句中作was using X-ray facilities的主语，在定语从句中指人，可用who。故填who。
34.查形容词。分析语境可知，修饰名词soldiers，表示受伤的士兵，此时要用形容词作定语，故填wounded。
35.考查过去分词作定语。分析句子可知，the techniques与需要require二者是被动关系，技术是被需要的，要用过去分词作定语。故填required。
36.考查固定搭配。be married为固定搭配，意为结婚，故填married。
37.考查被动语态。句意：和她母亲一样，艾琳和她的丈夫在1935年被授予诺贝尔奖。分析句子可知，本句中的主语Irene与谓语动词award是被动关系，艾琳是被授予，因此谓语动词要用被动语态，根据时间状语1935年可知，本空要用一般过去时，故填was awarded。
38.考查介词。句意：艾琳·乔里奥·居里于1956年3月17日死于白血病。在确切的某一天要用介词on，故填on。
应用文写作
【范文】
The person I respect most
We have a lot of respectable people around us. They may be our teachers, parents or one of our friends. As for me, my mother is the person who I respect most. She plays an important role in my life, not only as a mother but also a friend. As a mother, she takes good care of the family and she is never upset about my mistakes. She works hard in the company. She is always warm-hearted and ready to help others. She sets a good example for me so that I have learned to work hard and respect people around. As a friend, she knows a lot about me and gives me help whenever it is necessary.
My mother has a great influence on me and I respect her most.
【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。市政府（Municipal government）的英文网站正在征文，要求考生以身边值得尊敬的人为题，用英文写一篇短文参赛。
第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时。
结构：总分法，指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
第二步：列提纲（重点词汇/短语）
a lot of；one of；plays an important role；take good care of；work hard；warm-hearted；be ready to help others；sets a good example；so that；have a great influence on sb.
第三步：连词成句
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表文章结构顺序：Firstly/First，Secondly/Second...，And then，Finally
2.表并列补充关系：Additionally，moreover
3.表转折对比关系：However，On the contrary，but
4.表因果关系：Because，As，So，Thus，Therefore，As a result
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
第五：润色修改
六、读后续写
【范文】
As the elderly woman was waiting in the queue at the cash register, I walked over to her daughter. “Mind some advice?” I asked. She rolled her eyes and said, “of course not.” I smiled to show her I wasn’t criticizing. “Cherish her and cherish every single moment you can stay with her,” I said. And then I answered her curious expression by saying, “When she’s gone, it’s these little moments that will come back to you. Moments like this. I know.” Having finished saying this, I noticed the elderly woman moving with her deliberation back to her daughter.
Together they made their way toward the store’s exit. Then the daughter glanced over her elderly mother. And slowly, almost unwillingly, she placed her arm with apparently unaccustomed affection around her mothers’ shoulders and gently guided her back into the crowd. Tears filled my eyes when I watched them disappearing in the crowd.
【解析】这是一篇读后续写作文。通过阅读所给文章可知，作者在录像带工作做兼职时，看到了一对母女一起走进了商店。女儿非常不耐烦，而母亲只是从容地选着DVD。看到这里作者想到了自己的母亲，于是在收银台排队时给了女儿一些忠告。
续写部分分为两段，第一段开头是：当那位老妇人在收银台排队时，我走向她的女儿。可知后文应当描写作者和女儿的对话，作者劝告女儿珍惜现在和母亲相处的时刻；第二段开头是：他们一起朝商店的出口走去。后文应当描写听了作者建议的女儿和母亲在一起的表现，她把她的胳膊不习惯地放在她母亲的肩膀上，作者看着她们消失在人群中，热泪盈眶。
【名师点睛】本文描写详略得当，使用了高级词汇和高级句子。如：in the queue; criticize, deliberation
等高级词汇；As the elderly woman was waiting in the queue at the cash register, I walked over to her daughter.（时间状语从句）；Having finished saying this, I noticed the elderly woman moving with her deliberation back to her daughter.（非谓语动词的运用）等高级句式。