2020-2021学年度高一下学期英语单元双基精品试卷 必修四 Unit2 Working the land（A）（含答案）

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班级 姓名 准考证号 考场号 座位号
此卷只装订不密封
班级 姓名 准考证号 考场号 座位号
2020-2021学年度高一下学期英语单元双基精品试卷
必修四 Unit2 Working the land（A）
单词拼写
1. The heat brings about a ________(化学的) reaction, and oxygen is produced.
2. The sales department has given a s________ of the company’s sales in Europe for the first six months.
3. The number of people smoking in public has been greatly r________ in recent years.
4. I’ve only ________(浏览) through some of the books, but I’m looking forward to reading them more carefully.
5. By June, the new machines were in p________.
6. Now, I would like to make a few ________(评论) on questions concerning industrial development.

单句语法填空
7. Nothing would prevent him from ________(realize) his dream.
8. We’ve all seen the pictures of flood ________(carry) away cars and even houses.
9. The fan is a piece of equipment ________ needs to be checked three times a year.
10. With these problems ________(solve), he felt like a burden was lifted off his shoulders.
11. Newspapers reported the incident horribly, ________(make) it appear worse than it really was.
12. Today, no one can avoid ________(influence) by advertisements.
13. The friendship between the two countries ________(strengthen) through various means ever since.
14. The national economy of China is developing continuously, rapidly and ________(health).

翻译句子
15.现在我们努力使河流不受工业废料的污染。（keep...free of）
Nowadays we try ________________________ industrial waste.
16.足球迷们急于知道比赛的结果。（too...to...）
The football fans are ________________________ the result of the game.
17.我从家里一路走到图书馆，结果却发现图书馆已经关门了。（不定式作结果状语）
I walked all the way from home to the library, ________________________.
18.老师更喜欢学生们一听完课就讨论问题。（prefer sb. to do sth.）
Teachers ________________________ right after the lecture.
19.先把你靴子上的泥冲洗掉再进来。（wash...off）
_______________________before you come in.

四、课文语法填空
Over the past half century, using chemical fertilizers 20 (become) very common in farming. Many farmers welcomed 21 (they) as a great way to stop crop disease and 22 (increase) production. 23 (recent), however, scientists have been found that long-term use of these fertilizers can cause damage 24 the land and, even more dangerous to people’s health. With these 25 (discovery), some farmers are beginning to turn to organic farming, 26 is simply farming without using any chemicals. There 27 (be) many different organic farming methods. All of them have 28 same goal: to grow good food and without 29 (damage) the environment or people’s health.

阅读理解
Organic(有机的) farming is a type of agriculture that benefits from the recycling and use of natural products. Use of dried plants not only saves money, but also ensures the growth of crops. The technique is characterized(具有……的特征) by the use of green manure(肥料), biological pest control methods and special farming techniques to keep soil productive. Limiting the use of man-made chemicals or completely doing away with(去掉) them reduces the risk of diseases. Today, organic farming is a major and preferred industry around the world. Organically grown products have a huge market, with farmlands covering about 10% of the total world farmland. The initial effort made by Sir Albert Howard, the Father of Organic Farming, has paid off.
Advantages of Organic Farming:
The economics of organic farming are characterized by increasing profits(利润 )through reduced water use and reduced soil erosion(侵蚀).
2. Organic farming produces the same crops as those produced through traditional farming methods, but uses half the energy, and holds 40% more top soil.
3. Farming the organic way enables farmers to get rid of weeds without the use of any chemicals.
4. The use of green pesticides(杀虫剂) is environmentally friendly and does no harm to human’s health.
Disadvantages of Organic Farming:
1. Organic methods of farming produce less, compared to traditional farming techniques.
2. Organic agriculture does little to fight global climate change. Though organic farming practices are recognized as giving out less CO2, but not to a significant degree.
However, though there are some disadvantages to organic farming, farms where organic methods for cropping have been used have more advantages than traditional farms. Organic agriculture is surely better in the long term.
30. Organic farming uses the manure made from .
A. expensive soil B. dried plants
C. harmful pests D. man-made chemicals
31. The underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 shows that Sir Albert Howard .
A. worked hard for nothing
B. succeeded in organic farming
C. spent all his time on organic farming
D. didn’t expect organic farming to be successful
32. According to the passage, compared to traditional farming, Organic farming .
a. is more environmentally friendly
b. produces a lot more food
c. uses less energy
d. results in more weeds in the farmland
e. is better for human’s health
A. abc B. acd C. ace D. bce
33. The author’s attitude toward organic farming is .
A. Anxious B. hopeless C. unclear D. optimistic

六、七选五
Food safety is a problem in all places around the world and people in different areas of the world prepare foods in different ways. The WHO released(发布) five simple rules for preparing food in a safe way. They call these rules the “Five Keys to Safer Food”.
Key 1: Keep clean.
34 People should wash their hands often — before touching food and while they are preparing food. People should wash all surfaces and equipment used for preparing food.
Key 2: Separate raw(生的) and cooked.
Raw foods should not touch prepared foods. 35
Key 3: 36
People should cook eggs and meat especially carefully. These foods may carry more micro-organisms(微生物) than other foods. Food like soup must be boiled for at least a minute to make it be cooked completely. It is also important that people re-heat cooked food completely.
Key 4: Keep food at safe temperatures.
When people are finished with eating, they should keep the left food in a refrigerator below 5℃ and shouldn’t store it for too long. At room temperature, about 20℃, the amount of micro-organisms can increase very quickly. But temperatures above 60℃ or below 5℃ control the growth of micro-organisms. 37
Key 5: Use safe water and raw materials
38 Damaged or old food may develop harmful chemicals as it gets older.
A. Eat healthily.
B. Cook completely.
C. They can live where we make food.
D. This key tells about the importance of washing.
E. People should use safe water and choose fresh foods.
F. They cannot grow as quickly in a very hot or very cold environment.
G. People should use separate equipment and tools for touching and preparing raw foods.

七、完形填空
People in the US have been encouraged for decades to eat various kinds of food, as the variety of food helps to 39 that they keep a 40 with enough nutrition. But this week a group of nutrition experts said that longstanding 41 might be out of date.
The advice to 42 different kinds of food has been included in the government’s Dietary Guidelines for Americans(《美国居民膳食指南》) for quite some time. It is 43 based on 44 studies of low-income populations. The studies claimed that consuming various kinds of food could help 45 deficiencies(缺乏) of nutrition.
But things may be different considering today’s environment 46 food is plentiful. That same advice could lead to a(n) 47 consequence, argued Dr Otto, one of the experts with the American Heart Association.
Experts 48 the latest evidence of the recommendation, and 49 a scientific report on Thursday. The report stated that in some studies, people who consume a wide range of food usually eat many nutritious food 50 fish, vegetables and fruits. 51 they also eat many 52 food, like sugared snacks and other processed food.
Greater dietary variety is also associated with a(n) 53 calorie intake and weight gain. Some studies show that a 54 variety of food choices in any given meal could delay fullness and 55 the amount of food people eat. Some recent dietary guidelines recommend that people eat “a variety of food”, and 56 “a variety of vegetables from all of the subgroups”.
But Dr Otto said people should worry 57 about variety and more about diet quality, such as filling half your plate with only one or two vegetables you like. Actually, what 58 is the amount of fruits, vegetables, nuts and other nutritious food you eat, not the variety.
39. A. ensure B. make C. provide D. prove
40. A. dish B. meal C. diet D. food
41. A. decision B. research C. recommendation D. study
42. A. cook B. consume C. find D. take
43. A. rarely B. nearly C. hardly D. largely
44. A. recent B. latest C. previous D. scientific
45. A. cure B. stop C. protect D. prevent
46. A. why B. where C. when D. what
47. A. opposite B. positive C. same D. convincing
48. A. carried B. did C. examined D. left
49. A. held B. gave out C. released D. came out
50. A. such as B. for example C. in case D. as long as
51. A. Although B. Even if C. However D. But
52. A. healthy B. junk C. nutritious D. high-fat
53. A. higher B. medium C. lower D. average
54. A. narrow B. limited C. deficient D. wider
55. A. reduce B. digest C. increase D. consume
56. A. in general B. in other words C. in short D. in particular
57. A. more B. less C. higher D. lower
58. A. cares B. helps C. works D. matters

八、短文改错
Ten years ago, my hometown is a small and poor city with few factories. And the citizens had few choice on transportation. However, nowadays my hometown has taken on brand new look with rapid development of culture and economy. The citizens’ living conditions have been greatly improve and their lifestyles are different from in the past. Shop online has become popular. When they comes to transportation, private cars have become a common way of traveling beside public transportation. The best change is which all the people are living a hopeful life with confident.

必修四 Unit2 Working the land
答案
一、单词拼写
【答案】
1. chemical 2. summary 3. reduced 4. skimmed 5. production 6. comments
二、单句语法填空
【答案】
7. realizing 8. carrying 9. that/which 10. solved
11. making 12. being influenced 13. has been strengthened 14. healthily
【解析】
7.考查非谓语动词。句意：什么都不能阻止他实现梦想。prevent sb. from doing sth.：阻止某人做某事，为固定结构。故填realizing。
8.考查非谓语动词。句意：我们都见过洪水把汽车甚至是房子卷走的画面。flood与动词短语carry away之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，因此用动词-ing形式，故填carrying。
9.考查定语从句。句意：风扇这种设备每年需要检查三次。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句指代先行词a piece of equipment，并在从句中作主语，因此用关系代词that/which。
10.考查with复合结构。句意：随着这些问题的解决，他感觉像是从肩头卸下了重担。根据句意可知，问题已经解决了，且these problems与solve之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用动词-ed形式作宾补。故填solved。
11.考查非谓语动词。句意：报纸大肆渲染这件事，使它呈现出来的要比实际情况更糟。根据句意可知，此处用动词-ing形式作结果状语。故填making。
12.考查非谓语动词。句意：如今，谁也不能避免受到广告的影响。avoid后跟动词-ing形式作宾语；此处表示被影响，应用被动式，故填being influenced。
13.考查时态和语态。句意：从那时起双方就通过各种途径增进了两国之间的友谊。由since可知，要用现在完成时；strengthen与主语friendship之间是被动关系，因此用现在完成时的被动语态。故填has been strengthened。
14.考查副词。句意：中国的国民经济正在持续、快速健康地发展。由句中的continuously和rapidly可知，此处应用副词healthily。
三、翻译句子
【答案】
15. to keep our rivers free of
16. too anxious to know
17. only to find it closed
18. prefer students to discuss the questions
19. Wash mud off your boots
四、课文语法填空
【答案】
20. has become 21. them 22. increase 23. Recently 24. to
25. discoveries 26. which 27. are 28. the 29. damaging
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家发现长久以来使用化肥会使土地受损，而且对人类健康有害，因此一些农民开始转向有机耕作。
20.考查时态。句意：在过去的半个世纪里，使用化肥在农业中变得非常普遍。根据时间状语over the past half century可知，时态为现在完成时，主语using chemical fertilizers为动名词，谓语应用第三人称单数。故填has become。
21.考查代词。句意：许多农民接受它们，认为这是防止作物病害和增加产量的好办法。分析可知，所填空为宾语，应用宾格形式。故填them。
22.考查非谓语动词。分析可知， 22 (increase) production与之前的to stop crop disease为并列结构，同时作way的后置定语，因此需填动词原形。故填increase。
23.考查副词。句意：然而，最近科学家发现，长期使用这些肥料会对土地造成损害，甚至对人们的健康造成更大的危害。分析可知，所填空在句首，应是副词作状语。故填Recently。
24.考查固定搭配。cause damage to sth.意为：对……造成损坏，带来损害。故填to。
25.考查名词复数。句意：有了这些发现，一些农民开始转向有机耕作，也就是不使用任何化学物质的简单的耕作方式。分析可知，所填空之前有限定词these，因此应为名词复数。故填discoveries。
26.考查定语从句。空格所在句为之前名词organic farming的非限制性定语从句，先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
27.考查动词和主谓一致。分析可知，many different organic farming methods为复数形式，因此be动词应用复数形式，句子描述的是目前的情况，应使用一般现在时。故填are。
28.考查冠词。句意：他们都有一个共同的目标，即在不破坏环境和不损害人们健康的情况下种植精细的食物。分析可知，所填空后有same，the same为固定结构，共同构成名词goal的限定词。故填the。
29.考查非谓语动词。分析可知，所填动词在介词without之后，应用动名词作宾语，即V-ing形式。故填damaging。
阅读理解
【答案】30-33 BBCD
【解析】有机耕作是一种利用自然界的产品循环利用的工作方法，这种方法越来越受到人们的青睐，优点是环保无害，缺点是产量少。但从长远看，有机耕作更好。
30.细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容“Organic farming is a type of agriculture that benefits from the recycling and use of natural products. Use of dried plants not only saves money, but also ensures the growth of crops.”可知，有机农业使用的是干燥的植物，故选B。
31.词义推测题。划线句的意思是：有机耕作之父Albert Howard的努力得到了回报。B选项的意思是：Albert Howard在有机耕作方面取得了成功，二者意思一致，故选B。
32.细节理解题。本题在总结和传统耕作相比，有机耕作的好处有哪些。根据Advantages of Organic Farming的说明可知，有机耕作的优点在于：1.环保；2.节省能源；3.对人体健康有益处。故选C。
33.推理判断题。A. anxious：焦虑的；B. hopeless：无望的；C. unclear：不清楚的；D. optimistic：乐观的。根据文章最后一段的介绍，尤其是“Organic agriculture is surely better in the long term.”推测，作者认为，有机耕作的优点大于缺点，前景会更好，故选D。
六、七选五
【答案】34-38 DGBFE
【解析】本文讲述了WHO提出的准备更安全食物的五个要点。
34.根据Key 1及空后“People should wash their hands often”可知，此句应该是关于washing的，故此题应选D。
35.根据Key 2可知，此段落应该是关于如何分开盛放生食及熟食。故此题应选G。
36.根据后文“It is also important that people re-heat cooked food completely.”可知，此段是说要等食物彻底煮熟。故此题应选B。
37.根据空前“But temperatures above 60℃ or below 5℃ control the growth of micro-organisms.”可知温度高于60摄氏度或者低于摄氏度都可控制微生物的生长。可推断出微生物在温度过高或过低的情况下都生长得很慢。故此题应选F。
38.根据空后“Damaged or old food may develop harmful chemicals as it gets older.”可推断出，人们应该食用安全的饮用水和新鲜的食物，故此题应选E。
七、完形填空
【答案】39-43 ACCBD 44-48 CDBAC 49-53 CACBA 54-58 DCDBD
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了专家通过研究发现，长期以来美国人一直被鼓励吃各种各样的食物以确保饮食中有足够的营养，这条建议在当今社会可能会适得其反，同时指出人们应该少担心食物的种类，因为真正重要的是你吃的有营养的食物的数量，而不是种类。
39.考查动词词义辨析。A. ensure：确保；B. make：使、让；C. provide：提供；D. prove：证明。空前一句说美国人一直被鼓励吃各种各样的食物，此处解释原因，食物的多样性有助于确保他们的饮食有足够的营养，故A项正确。
40.考查名词词义辨析。A. dish：菜肴；B. meal：餐；C. diet：饮食；D. food：食物。空前一句说美国人一直被鼓励吃各种各样的食物，自然是希望以此确保他们的日常饮食有足够的营养，故C项正确。
41.考查名词词义辨析。句意：但本周，一组营养专家表示，这条长期以来的建议可能已经过时了。A. decision：决定；B. research：调查；C. recommendation：建议；D. study：学习。文章第一句说几十年来，美国人一直被鼓励吃各种各样的食物，这是一条饮食建议，下一段第一句话中的advice也是提示，故C项正确。
42.考查动词词义辨析。A. cook：烹饪；B. consume：消耗、食用；C. find：发现；D. take：拿、取。文章第一句说几十年来，美国人一直被鼓励吃各种各样的食物，因此此处指食用不同种类的食物，故B项正确。
43.考查副词词义辨析。A. rarely：极少地；B. nearly：将近；C. hardly：几乎不；D. largely：很大程度上、主要。空前一句说在相当长的一段时间内，政府为美国人制定的饮食指南中包含了食用不同种类食物的建议，此处解释原因，这主要是基于以前对低收入人群的研究，故D项正确。
44.考查形容词词义辨析。A. recent：近来的；B. latest：最新的；C. previous：以前的、早先的；D. scientific：科学的。空前一句说政府为美国人制定的饮食指南中包含了食用不同种类食物的建议已经有很长一段时间了，这样的建议主要是基于以前对低收入人群的研究，故C项正确。
45.考查动词词义辨析。A. cure：治愈；B. stop：停止；C. protect：保护；D. prevent：防止。根据空后的deficiencies of nutrition可知，食用不同种类的食物有助于防止营养不足，故D项正确。
46.考查定语从句。句意：但考虑到当今环境下食物很充足，情况可能会有所不同。此处为定语从句，关系词指代先行词environment（抽象地点）并在从句中作地点状语，所以用where来引导，故B项正确。
47.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：美国心脏协会的专家之一奥托博士认为，同样的建议可能导致相反的结果。A. opposite：相反的；B. positive：积极的；C. same：相同的；D. convincing：有说服力的。空前一句说考虑到当今环境下食物很充足，情况可能会有所不同，这说明由于环境变了，同样的建议可能导致相反的结果，故A项正确。
48.考查动词词义辨析。句意：专家们研究了这一建议的最新证据，并于周四发布了一份科学报告。A. carried：搬运；B. did：做；C. examined：检查、研究；D. left：离开。根据空后的“the latest evidence of the recommendation”可知C项正确。
49.考查动词（短语）辨析。A. held：握；B. gave out：分发；C. released：发布；D. came out：出现。空前一句说专家们研究了这一建议的最新证据，然后在周四发布了一份科学报告，故C项正确。
50.考查介词短语辨析。句意：报告指出，在一些研究中，食用不同种类食物的人通常会吃很多有营养的食物，如鱼、蔬菜和水果。不过，他们也吃很多垃圾食品，比如含糖零食和其他加工食品。A. such as：例如（常列举同类人或物中的几个，不能穷尽）；B. for example：例如（一般列举同类人或物中的一个）；C. in case：万一；D. as long as：只要。空后列举了鱼、蔬菜和水果等食物，因此此处用such as，故A项正确。
51.考查连词（副词）词义辨析。A. Although：尽管；B. Even if：即使；C. However：然而（空后有逗号）；D. But：但是。空前说食用不同种类食物的人通常会吃很多有营养的食物，空后又说他们也吃很多垃圾食品，前后是转折关系，空后有逗号，应该用However，故C项正确。
52.考查形容词（名词）词义辨析。A. healthy：健康的；B. junk：垃圾；C. nutritious：有营养的；D. high-fat：高脂肪的。空后列举的含糖零食和其他加工食品属于垃圾食品，故B项正确。
53.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：多样化的饮食也与更高的卡路里摄入和体重增加有关。A. higher：含量高的；B. medium：中等的；C. lower：含量低的；D. average：平均的。根据空后的“calorie intake and weight gain”可知此处指更高的卡路里摄入量，故A项正确。
54.考查形容词词义辨析。A. narrow：狭小的；B. limited：有限的；C. deficient：不足的；D. wider：宽泛的。空前一句说多样化的饮食也与更高的卡路里摄入和体重增加有关，因此此处指更多种类的食物选择，与多样化的饮食相对应，故D项正确。
55.考查动词词义辨析。A. reduce：减少；B. digest：消化；C. increase：增加；D. consume：消耗。空前一句说更多种类的食物选择可以延缓饱腹感，从而增加人们吃的食物量，故C项正确。
56.考查介词短语辨析。句意：最近的一些饮食指南建议人们吃各种各样的食物，特别是各种各样的蔬菜。A. in general：通常；B. in other words：换句话说；C. in short：总之；D. in particular：尤其、特别是。空前一句说最近的一些饮食指南建议人们吃各种各样的食物，再结合空后的“a variety of vegetables from all of the subgroups可知此处表示强调，指的是特别是各种各样的蔬菜，故D项正确。
57.考查副词词义辨析。句意：但奥托博士说，人们应该少担心食物的种类，而应该更多地关注饮食质量，比如只在你的盘子里放上一两种你喜欢的蔬菜。A. more更多；B. less更少；C. higher更高；D. lower更低。根据空后的“and more about diet quality”可知，人们应该少担心食物的种类，而应该更多地关注饮食质量，故B项正确。
58.考查动词词义辨析。句意：实际上，重要的是你吃的水果、蔬菜、坚果和其他有营养的食物的数量，而不是种类。A. cares：关心；B. helps：帮助；C. works：起作用；D. matters：重要，要紧。此处指重要的是你吃的水果、蔬菜、坚果和其他有营养的食物的数量，而不是种类，故D项正确。
八、短文改错
【答案】
1.第一句，is改为was
2.第二句，choice改为choices
3.第三句，在on和brand之间加a
4.第四句，improve改为improved
5.第四句，去掉in
6.第五句，Shop改为Shopping
7.第六句，they改为it
8.第六句，beside改为besides
9.第七句，which改为that
10.第七句，confident改为confidence
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了自己家乡近年来的大变化。
1.考查一般过去时。句意：十年前，我的家乡是一个小而穷的城市。这件事发生在过去，应使用一般过去时。故将is改为was。
2.考查名词的数。句意：那里没有多少工厂，市民在交通上也没有多少选择。选择肯定不止一个（至少两个才能选择）。故将choice改为choices。
3.考查不定冠词。句意：但如今，随着文化和经济的快速发展，我的家乡焕然一新。此处焕然一新属于泛指，没有特指，应使用不定冠词。故在on和brand之间加a。
4.考查现在完成时的被动语态。句意：市民的生活条件有了很大的改善。居民的生活是被人改善的，使用被动态，又因改善已经完成，且强调对现在的影响，故使用have been+-ed的被动态的现在完成时形态。故将improve改为improved。
5.考查介词。句意：生活方式也有了很大的改变。from是介词，其后直接加宾语，不需要另外有介词。故去掉in。
6.考查动名词。句意：网上购物越来越流行。根据句意。此处指的是购物，不是商店，故使用其动名词形式Shopping。故将Shop改为Shopping。
7.考查代词。此处代指改变，为泛指，为单数形式。故将they改为it。
8.考查连接副词。句意：私家车已经成为除了公共交通以外的一种常见的出行方式。根据句意及常识，公交车仍是主要的交通方式，故应使用“besides”（除了，但包括），“beside”的意思是“除了，而不是”。故将beside改为besides。
9.考查表语从句。句意：最好的改变就是所有的人都自信地过着充满希望的生活。此处表语从句中缺少主语，但是指代的是人，故应使用that，而不是which。故将which改为that。
10.考查名词。介词后加名词，confident的名词形式是confidence。故将confident改为confidence。