中考英语语法(内含音频讲解）第2讲时态串讲课件(94ppt)

(共94张PPT)
中考英语语法
时态的特殊用法
英语时态
和汉语时态的区别
能找出每种时态所对应的生活中的时间
掌握每种时态的
陈述句/疑问句/否定句
表示将来含义的
五种表达方式
时:对时间的划分
态:每种时对应的
谓语动词独特表示方式
汉语中只有时没有态
我正在学习
我打算学习
我爱学习
I am studying
I will study
I like to study
时态的含义__时间表示法
一:时,即每种时态对应一个时间段,学习时态一定要先弄明白每种时态所在生活中对应的时间.这是理解的问题
二:态,即每种时态都有自己独特的表达方式.这点和汉语存在巨大的差别.汉语中表达时间只需要在时间词上做变化就达到目的了,而英语除了时间词上做变化, 谓语动词也要有相应的变化.
汉语和英语对于时间
不同的划分方法
一般现在时
现在进行时
过去完成时
一般将来时
一般过去时
过去进行时
过去将来时
现在完成时
汉语 英语
只有“时”
没有“态” 既有“时”
又有“态”
时间结构划分:
过去-现在-将来 时间结构划分:
过去的细划分
我平时在7点起床
今天我打算在8点起床
我正在起床
昨天我7点起床的
昨天7点我正在起床
昨天我打算在8点起床
昨天7点我已经起床了
今天7点我已经起床了
I get up at 7:00.
i will get up at 8. I am going to get up at 8. I am getting up at 8. I will get up when others go to work.
I am getting up now
I have gotten up till 7:00.
I got up at 7 last morning
I was getting up at 7 last morning
I would get up at 8 last morning . I was going to get up at 8.
I had gotten up till 8 last morning
这座山终年云雾缭绕
这座山昨天云雾缭绕
我明天想游览这座山
我正在爬山
我昨天下午正在爬山
我今天已经爬过这座山了
我昨天想游览这山
我昨天下午已经爬过这座山了
The mountain is cloudy.
The mountain was cloudy.
I will climb the mountain tomorrow.
I would climb last afternoon.
I often/usually get up at 7
I will get up/ I am going to get up/ I am getting up at 8
I am getting up
I got up at 7 yesterday
I would get up/ I was going to get up/ I was getting up at 8 yesterday
I was getting up this time yesterday
八 种 时 态
一般现在时
一般过去时
现在进行时
过去进行时
一般将来时
过去将来时
现在完成时
过去完成时
一般现在时
的两层含义
经常发生的动作或存在的状态
I go to school by bike 我骑车上学
It is very hot. 天很热
客观事实或普遍真理
The sun rises in the east.太阳从东升起
易错点: 上下文用过去时,
表示客观真理仍然要用一般现在时
He said that the earth is round.
他说地球是圆的
He said “ I will kill you.”
He said that he would kill him.
He said “ the earth is round.”
He said that the earth is round
一般现在时陈述句基本结构
陈述句
Be 动词类(状态)
行为动词类(动作)
I am
He/she/it(单)+is
You/they/we(复)+are
主(复)+v(原)
They like game.
主(单)+Vs
He likes game.
一般疑问句的
基本结构
He is a student.
Is he a student
行为动词分清
单复数
They like game.
Do they like game
He likes game.
Does he like game
否定句的
基本结构
He is a student.
He is not a student.
行为动词分清
单复数
They like game.
They do not like game
He likes game.
He does not like game
在状语从句中,如果主句和从句都表示将来的时间含义,
那么从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时.
I will go if it is fine tomorrow.
如果明天好天我就去
We shall be away when he arrives.
他一来我们就离开
I won’t go out unless you agree.
我不会出去除非你同意
如果明天下雨,我就在家睡觉
If it is rainy tomorrow, I will sleep/ fall asleep at home
当她回家时,我将做好饭
When she gets home, I will finish dinner
你一来我就走
As soon as you come, I will go.
如果王月生病了,她妈妈会照顾她
Her mother will look after her if she is ill
练习(用一般现在时完成句子)
Your shoes (be ) under the bed.
I (be) very well, thank you.
We (have) many books.
She (have) a book in her hand.
I (live) in Kai Feng.
He (watch) TV every evening.
She never (get) up late.
He (not care) what you do.
请将6,7,8句改成疑问句和否定句
表示现在正在发生的动作,强调眼前这一点.
I’m writing a letter.我正在写信
They are learning English.他们正在学英语
Is it raining now 现在下雨了吗
和come,go leave,start,arrive…等词连用,
表示即将发生的动作.
I’m seeing him tomorrow.我准备明天看他
What are you doing next week 你下周打算干什么
陈述句
主+be + Ving +…
1
2
I am teaching.我正在教书
疑问句
Be+主+ Ving +…
1
2
Are you teaching
否定句
主+ Be not+ Ving +….
1
2
I am not teaching.
我现在不教书
练习1(用括号内词组回答问题)
What are you doing now
(read a book)
(walk through the park)
(open a bottle)
(drink tea)
(have lunch)
(look at some pictures)
将上面七个句子改为否定句和疑问句
练习2(将every改为now/today, 改写下列句子并翻译)
即:一般现在时转换为现在进行时
示例:I go to my office every day.
I am going to my office now.
He eats rice every day.
He wears a blue dress every day.
The workers come here by bus every day.
I do some exercises every day.
My brother does not listen to the radio every day.
My brother does not listen to the radio every day.
He listens to the radio
主+ be not +ving
He is not listening to the radio now
Do they get up at 8
Are they getting up now
Yao ming doesn’t die
He is not dying now.
表示以现在为起点,将要发生的事情.
He will go swimming tomorrow.他准备明天游泳
He is going to go swimming tomorrow.
They will go swimming tomorrow他们准备明天游泳
They are going to go swimming tomorrow.
一般将来时
两种
常用表达方式
主+will + V原 +…
1
2
He will go home after class下课后他准备回家
They will go home after class下课后他们准备回家
主+be going to + V原 +…
1
2
He is going to go home.
They are going to go home.
陈述句
主+will + V原+…
1
2
He will go home.他准备回家
疑问句
will+主+ V原 +…
1
2
Will he go home
他准备回家吗
否定句
主+ will not+ V原 +…
1
2
He will not go home.
他不准备回家
陈述句
主+be going to+ V原+…
1
2
He is going to go home.他准备回家
疑问句
Be +主+going to+ V原 +…
1
2
Is he going to go home
他准备回家吗
否定句
主+ be not going to + V原 +…
1
2
He is not going to go home.
他不准备回家
表示
将来时间含义
四种方式
一般将来时
主+will + V原
主+be going to + V原
一般现在时
主句将来时,从句用
一般现在时表示将来
现在进行时
瞬间动词做谓语,
表示将来含义
练习:将下列句子改为否定句和疑问句
You will be late.
We will stay with them.
He is going to learn English.
They will fly to London tomorrow.
练习:将下列句子改为将来时,
相应地更改或增添时间状语
例:I write to him once a month.
I will write to him tomorrow.
He is working very hard.
At what time do you have dinner
Do you play football on Sunday
Do you go to work by bus
表示过去某段时间发生的动作,反复发生的动作或存在的状态.
He went swimming yesterday.他昨天去游泳了
They liked going swimming 他们以前喜欢游泳
He was a teacher.他以前是老师
They were teachers.他们以前是老师
一般过去时陈述句基本结构
陈述句
Be 动词类(状态)
行为动词类(动作)
I +was
He/she/it(单)+was
You/they/we(复)+were
主+V过去式
They liked game.
They came here.
一般疑问句的
基本结构
He was a student.
Was he a student
行为动词无
单复数
They liked game.
Did they like game
He liked game.
Did he like game
否定句的
基本结构
He was a student.
He was not a student.
行为动词
They liked game.
They did not like game
He liked game.
He did not like game
一般现在时 一般过去时
陈述句 主+am/is/are +…it’s here
主(单)+Vs He likes it.
主(复)+V原 They like it. 主+was/were+.. It was here
主(单/复)+Ved
He/they liked it.
疑问句 Be+主+ …
Does+主(单)+V原
Do+主(复)+V原 Was/were+主+ …
Did+主(单/复)+V原
Did he/they like it
否定句 主+be not +…
主(单)+does not +V原
主(复)+do not +V原 主+was/were + not..
主(单/复)+did not+ V原
现在时 过去时
Now现在 Then 那时
Today 今天 That day那天
Tomorrow明天 The next day第二天
Tomorrow morning
明天早晨 The next morning
第二天早晨
Last night. 昨天晚上
We are studying now.
我们正在学习 We studied then.
我们那时候学习
Ago Before
时间段+ago
A month ago
一个月之前 Before+具体时间
Before 1999
1999年之前
He lived in here a month ago.他一个月以前住在这里 He lived in here before 1999.他1999年以前住在这里
练习:将下列句子改为否定句和疑问句
John lived here last year.
Mary liked those cakes.
We walked to the theatre last night.
Jack waited on the bus.
They asked many questions.
练习:将下列句子改为一般过去时,
相应地更改时间状语
例:I write to him once a month.
I wrote to him last night.
He lives in this house .
We will leave here next week.
He will see you tomorrow morning
Will your brother meet you
Our holiday begins today.
I always get up at six.
He lives in this house .
We are leaving here now.
He is seeing you now
Does your brother meet you
Our holiday begins today.
I always get up at six.
练习:ago与before
例:I entered middle school (大约五年前).
I entered middle school about 5 years ago.
They came here(暑假前) and I met them(三天前)
It was very cold(春节前)
He lived in Kai Feng (2002年以前)
She decided to do it (3分钟以前)
最难的地方是和一般过去时的时间上的区别.
现在完成时是以过去为时间起点,
但是说话人着眼于现在的结果,
而不管过去是什么时候发生的.
正在射击
He is shooting.
他正在射击
刚才射击
He shot .
他刚才射击
刚才射击,
一直射击到
现在(完成时)
He has shot till now.
他到现在一直在射击
现在完成时
(从过去开始,现在已完成或未完成)
He did his homework just now
他刚才做作业
He did his homework just now (他刚才做作业)
he has done till now.
(一直到现在仍然在做).
he has done over 3 hours(他一直写了三个小时)
现在完成时
You are a student now你现在是个学生
You have been a student since 1996你从1996年就是学生.
You have been a student for 9 years你作为一个学生已经九年了.
陈述句
主+has/have + 过去分词+…
1
2
Ha has worked for 9 hours .他已经工作九小时了
疑问句
Has/have+主+ 过去分词 +…
1
2
Has he worked for 9 hours 他已经工作九个小时了吗
否定句
主+ has/have not+ 过去分词 +…
1
2
He has not worked for 9 hours
他还没有工作九个小时
Come, go, leave, arrive, join, die, marry 等动词
所表示的动作是一时的, 故不能和since… for…
等表示一段时间的状语连用
He has come to BJ for 7 years
He has left BJ for 2 years
He has joined the Army for 3 years.
He has died for 5 years.
He has been in BJ for 7 years 他在北京七年了
He has been away BJ for 2 years 他离开北京两年了
He has been in the Army for 3 years.他参加军队三年了
He has been dead for 5 years.他已经去世5年了
现在完成时(特殊用法,注意区别)
Have gone to sp
已经去某地
He has gone to zz
他已经去郑州了.
Have been to sp
曾去过某地
He has been to zz
他曾去过郑州
Since for的区别
Since+具体时间点
自从…
只用于完成时中 He has been a student since 1996他从96年就是学生了
For+一段时间
已经一段时间
可用于完成,一般现在,一般过去时 He has been a student for 9 years他做学生已经9年了.
Bake the cake for 40 minutes烤这个蛋糕40分.
最易考
1.与一般过去时的时间判断
2.不是说瞬间动词不能用于完成时He has eaten the supper;而是说瞬间动词不能和持续时间连用. He has been/stayed in the trip for 3 days
3.如何解决 由have+ved-----have + been +同意义形容词转化.
He has died for 3 years.--- he has been dead for 3 years.
4.当...时, 某人已经… the train had left the station when we got to .
5. Sb be interested in结构的时态记忆: sb has been + interested …
6. Has been to– has gone to
7. Since– for…
8.完成时的标志: since, so far(现在完成时)到目前为止
动作与状态的转换
He eats up the dinner, so he is
He leave K.F.
The door is closed by him. So the door is
He carries a case. So he comes …
瞬间动作与持续的区分
当他进来时,我们已经开始上课了.
We have begun when he comes in.
当他进来时,我们已经上课一段时间了.
We have had for a while when he comes in
Our class has been for a while when he comes in.
练习---当…时,…已经
当我们到达时,他已经等很长时间了
当天晴时,已经下了三天雨了.
当我们发现他前,他已经死三天了
He had waited for a while when we got to.
It had rained for 3 days when it was sunny.
He had been dead for 3 days before we found him.
练习
他一直对这个让人惊讶的孩子很惊讶.
她一直对这个好玩的游戏感兴趣.
He has been surprised to the surprising boy.
She has been interested in the funny game.
经常用的几个转换
He died 3 years ago.– He has been dead for 3 years. (died--- has been dead)
He went to HZC 3 days ago– he has been in HZC for 3 days. (went to sp– has been in sp)
He married 3 days ago– he has been married for 3 days. (marry– has been married)
He married her 3 days ago– he was married to her 3 days ago
The student bought the book two days ago.(完成)
The student __ ___ the book __ two days ago.
练习:将下列句子改为否定句和疑问句
I have answered his letter.
He has asked her to come.
Mother has cooked the dinner.
The students have closed the window.
We have had a good rest.
练习:用一般过去时或现在完成时完成句子
They (go) to America last year.
I am sorry, I (forget) your name.
My friend (finish) college last year.
He (not speak) to me since the class (begin)
She (buy) a bike last month.
The man (lose) money yesterday.
I (read) the book in the library.
I (get) back the umbrella which I left in the bus.
I (never hear) her speak in public(公共场所)
A: I (get) up early this morning and (have) breakfast at 7:00 a.m. after breakfast , I (work) at my lessons.
B: I (not have ) my breakfast until now.
11. Your dinner is ready; I (put) it on the table .
You (send) the letter off yesterday
Bill (not find) his watch yet.
I am not hungry. I (just have) my dinner.
He (come) just a moment ago.
He (be) in BeiJing for 30 years. He (come) here in 1995
Went
Have forget
Finish
has not spoken began
Bought
Lost
Read
Have got
Have never heard
Got , had, worked, haven’t had
Have put
Did …send
Hasn’t found
Have just had
Came
Has been, came
表示过去正在发生的动作,强调过去这一点.
有表示过去的时间提示(或上下文/或有时间词)
I was writing a letter that time.我那时正在写信
They were learning English last night.
他们正在学英语
was it raining at that time 那时正在下雨了吗
陈述句
主+was/were + Ving +…
1
2
I was teaching then
.我那时正在教书
疑问句
Was/were+主+ Ving +…
1
2
were you teaching then
你那时正在教书吗
否定句
主+ was/were not+ Ving +…
1
2
I was not teaching then.
我那时不教书
现在进行时 过去进行时
陈述句 主+be +ving …
We are studying now. 主+was/were+ ving...
We were studying then.
我们那时正在学习
疑问句 Be+主+ ving…
Are you studying now Was/were+主+ ving…
Were you studying then
否定句 主+be not +ving…
We are not studying now.
主+was/were not+ving..
We were not studying then.
练习:用扩号内的一般过去时或过去进行时形式完成下列句子
My sister (write) a letter when someone knocked at the door.
She (do) her lessons while her brother (play) game.
They (sing) and (talk) when the teacher (come) into the room.
When the phone (ring), I (pick) up the receiver.
As I (go) to school this morning, I (see) a car.
Was writing
Was doing, were playing
Was singing and talking, came
rang, picked
was going , saw
表示以过去某一时间点为起点,
将要发生的事情.
That day he said he would go to school.
那天他说他准备去上学
They told me that they would go to school.
他们告诉我他们准备去上学
They told me that they were going to go to school.
他们告诉我他们准备去上学
过去将来时
两种
常用表达方式
主+would + V原 +…
1
2
He would go home after class that day那天下课后他准备回家
They would go home after class that day那天下课后他们准备回家
主+was/were going to + V原 +…
1
2
He was going to go home that day.
They were going to go home that day.
陈述句
主+would + V原+…
1
2
He would go home that day.
疑问句
would+主+ V原 +…
1
2
Would he go home that day
否定句
主+ would not+ V原 +…
1
2
He would not go home that day.
陈述句
主+was/were going to+ V原+…
1
2
He was going to go home that day.
疑问句
Was/were +主+going to+ V原 +…
1
2
was he going to go home that day
否定句
主+ was/were not going to + V原+..
1
2
He was not going to go home that day.
现在进行时 过去进行时
陈述句 主+will + v …
We will study tomorrow.
我们明天打算学习 主+would + v...
We would study the next day.我们第二天学习
疑问句 Will +主+ v…
Will you study tomorrow Will +主+ v…
would you study the next day 你们第二天打算学习
否定句 主+will not +v…
We will not study tomorrow. 主+will not + v..
We will not study the next day.我们第二天不打算学习
练习:用扩号内的过去将来时形式
完成下列句子
The weatherman said it (rain) the next day.
They were sure they (finish) the work on time.
I had no idea when they (come) again.
My grandma was arriving this evening. We (meet) her at the station.
I wondered if dinner (be) ready.
到过去某一时间点已经完成的动作或状态,
并且可能继续延续下去.
其实就是把现在完成时放在过去来看
到昨天下午3点我的作业已经写完了
I had finished my homework
till the last day 3:oo P.M.
陈述句
主+had + 过去分词+…
1
2
Ha had worked a student for 9 hours last night .他已经工作九小时了
疑问句
had+主+ 过去分词 +…
1
2
Had he worked for 9 hours last night 昨晚他已经工作九个小时了吗
否定句
主+ had not+ 过去分词 +…
1
2
He has not worked for 9 hours last night.昨晚他还没有工作九个小时
练习:用扩号内的过去将来时形式
完成下列句子
After he (finish) work he went home.
The children ran away after they (break) the window.
I waited until he (finish) his dinner.
I went to his house, but he (go) out.
I never went to see a play before I (read) it.
She said he (never run) a race before.
陈述句中没有助动词的
一般现在时 一般过去时
陈述句中有助动词的
现在进行时 过去进行时
一般将来时 过去将来时
现在完成时 过去完成时
陈述句中没有助动词的
一般现在时
主+be+…
主+v(复)/vs(单) 一般过去时
主+was/were/+…
主+过去式+…
陈述句中有助动词的
一般将来时
主+will(1)+v原(2)
主+be going to(1)+v原(2) 过去将来时
主+would(1)+v原(2)
主+was/were going to(1)+v原(2)
现在进行时
主+be(1)+ving(2) 过去进行时
主+was/were(1)+ving(2)
现在完成时
主+has/have(1)+过去分词(2) 过去完成时
主+had(1)+过去分词(2)
It _(rain) when I _(wake up) last Saturday. It always _(rain) when I am not working. We__ (plan) to go to the seaside, but in the end we_ (decide) to go to the theatre instead. We _(miss) the bus ,and _(arrive) late. we _(arrange) to meet John outside the theatre and he_ (wait) for 20 minutes when we_ (get) there. The play_ (already start) when we_ (go) in
It’s Monday again today, and I _(work) as usual. I _(sit) here in the office for the last two hours but I _(not do) much work yet. I (feel) to fed up to work. I _(already have) my holiday this year. I _(go) to scotland in July and it_ (rain) every day. Tomorrow I_ (book) a holiday for next April in Spain.
综合练习(2)接上文
It’s Monday again today, and I _(work) as usual. I _(sit) here in the office for the last two hours but I _(not do) much work yet. I (feel) to fed up to work. I _(already have) my holiday this year. I _(go) to scotland in July and it_ (rain) every day. Tomorrow I_ (book) a holiday for next April in Spain.
综合练习(答案)
Was raining Woke up rains Had planned
decided missed arrived Had arranged
Had waited got Had already started went
Am working Have sit Have not done Feel(am feeling)
Have already had went rained Will book