中考英语语法(内含音频讲解）第3讲课件---介词（68ppt)

(共68张PPT)
牢记介词词组的固定搭配
介词+时间/地点…
做状语
英语介词最基本的
使用规则
每种介词的核心含义
介词词组对名词的修饰(做定语)
介词不能单独使用
介词后必须+
名词/代词/动名词/从句
I am interested in the game
我对这个游戏很感兴趣
I am interested in it
我对它很感兴趣
I am interested in playing game.
我对玩很感兴趣
I am interested in what you like.
我对你喜欢什么很感兴趣
Sb be interested in…
介词易错点
所有的状语---对时间,地点,方式,原因等构成,都要有:介词+名词=状语
而介词在汉语中是:在…,这就导致了觉得千变万化
例: It rained a whole night错
It rained for a whole night对
例: I go home对
原因:home是副词, 而介词只能+名词/代词/动名词
例: he in a coat错
He is in a coat对
错误原因:谓语只能动词,介词不能当谓语
方位介词使用说明
方位介词许多同学觉得特别乱, 方位不易掌握, 本篇在编排过程中采用如下几块结构.
在…上,下,左,右,前,后,从…到…
与…紧贴/临, 附近, 旁边
在…之间
In, on, at 的区别
横向,纵向
逆/迎着,朝着, 沿着,经过
On the left of
在…之左
Behind(prep)
在…之后
参照物
In front of…
在…之前
On the right of
在…之右
before
在…之前
At back of
在…之后
区别
在左边on the left
在…的左边on the left of
在右边on the right
在…的右边on the right of
类似上面所提,差别就是有 of
In the beginning在开始—in the middle在中间—in the end/at last/finally在最后
At the beginning of在…的开始---at the middle of…在…的中间--- at the end of…在…的结尾
At back of…
在…(外部)后面
I am at back of the computer.
我在电脑的后面 At the back of…
在…(内部)后面
The sofa is at the back of the classroom.
沙发在教室的后面
In front of…
在…(外部)前面
The computer is in front of me.
电脑在我前面 In the front of…
在…(内部)前面
The computer is in the front of the classroom
电脑在教室的前面
参照物
Left
Right
紫色的紧挨着绿色的
The purple is next to the green
参照物
Next
The purple is next to/by the green
紫色的紧挨着绿色的
The gray is near/nearby the green
紫色的紧挨着绿色的
By
Near
在…附近
Nearby
在…附近
by
A house stands by a river房子紧挨河而建
参照物
Is there a hotel in the neighborhood of the school
在这所学校附近有旅馆吗
参照物
Beside
在…旁边
All the yellow are beside it.
所有这些黄颜色的在它的旁边
Side (n)边
Beside (prep) 在…的旁边
Besides (prep)除…之外还有
we besides them welcomed the expert
除了他们还有我们都欢迎这个砖家
B
Between(prep)
两者之间
A
The green is between two of them.
绿色的在他们两者之间
A
B
C
D
among(prep)
三者之间
The green is among four of them.
绿色的在他们四者之间
参 照 物
On
紧贴之上
The supermarket is on the street.
超市在这个大街上
Beneath
(紧贴)之下
On
(紧贴)之上
Under
(垂直)之下
over
(垂直)之上
above
(泛指)之上
below
(泛指)之下
At 在…(地点)
小地方
记忆固定搭配 He arrived at a village.
At the gate在门口.
at the airport在机场.
At home在家.
In 在…里
大地方
在…里 He arrived in the city.
In China,
in the bed, in the street.
On 在…紧贴之上 The ship is on the sea.船在海上
The ship was in the sea.
这艘船永远躺在了海里
In 表示静止
Into 进入; 表示动作
He walked in the room他在房间里散步
He walked into the room他走进房间
He was in the room他在屋子里
He was into the room他进入房间
常考点:Enter a room= walk/go into a room
Enter (vt) 进入---其后不能再用into
He entered the room= He walked into the room
In
在…里面 He was in the garden.
他在花园里
Into
进入…里 He was into the garden just now.
他刚才走进了花园
Cross---across
易错点:汉语意思相同, 但是词性不同,所以用法完全不同
Cross (v)= go across
例: He crossed the street= He went across the street
Cross (n) 任何十字型的东西
十字路口/十字架/The Red Cross 红十字
Through(prep)
穿越
穿过
通过
He went across the street
他穿过了这条街
A supermarket is across from my classroom.
一家超市在我们教室对面
The train went through the tunnel
火车穿过了隧道
Against(prep)
逆着,迎着
Again (adv)
又一次
Again and
again
一次又一次
Again
against
To
(prep)
朝着…
They go to school everyday.他们每天上学.
The key to the lock.这把锁的钥匙
TO
不定式:v变…to v原… want to do; hope to do; 可表示目的
Let/make sb do …主动不带to
Let us go;
但是这两个词,被动语态中必须to
介词:
方向 to---at
时间 4 to 9:00
固定搭配 the way to; the key to; look forward to doing
注意:特殊的动词词组与不定式的区别
沿着这条河有很多树
沿着这条河的两边有很多树
沿着这条河的任何一边有很多树
There are many trees along the river
There are many trees on both sides of the river
There are many trees on either side of the river
Past
(prep)
经过…
He walked past the door.他走过这扇门
The car drove past the house.这辆汽车驶过这所房子
Pass--past
Cross= go across
Pass经过= go past 走过
例: 这辆车疾驰而过
The car passed quickly
The car drove past quickly
Past (prep, n, adj)
Adj过去的:
I feel I am becoming old because I often miss the past time.
N:过去
Do you miss the past
Prep: go past---pass
At first
首先
At last
最后
At sea
在大海上
At the beginning of
在…开始
At the end of
在…末尾
At the head of
在…最前头
Far away
远离
First of all
首先;第一步
From…to…
从…到…
In the end
最后
On the earth
在地球上
Out of…
从…向外
Over there
在那边
All over
遍及…的每一部分
On one’s way to…
在去…的途中
Here and there
到处
In the week 在这一周
In the month 在这一月
In the season 在这一季
In the year 在这一年
In the century 在这一世纪
On Saturday 在周六
On March 4th 在三月四日
On Sunday morning
在周日早晨
On March 4th morning
在三月四日早晨
At 7:00 在七点
At noon 在中午
At dawn 在黎明
At night 在夜晚
具体时间表示方法—at on in全用上
At时+on 星期 日/月+(in)年
At 9 clock on Sunday on may 28 evening,1967
1967年5月28日周日晚9点
在上午/下午/晚上 在具体某天的上午/下午/晚上
On 具体某天上午/下午/晚上
In the morning
在早晨 On Sunday morning
在周日早晨
In the afternoon
在下午 On march 4 afternoon
在三月四日早晨
In the evening
在晚上 On Sunday evening
在周日晚上
练习: 请翻译下列句子
他平时早晨喝粥,但是周日早晨不吃饭.
他平时下午上课, 周日下午休息
He has porridge for breakfast in the morning. But he never has breakfast on Sunday morning.
He has classes in the afternoon, he does not have class on Sunday afternoon.
During /for的区别
During +已知时间段
在…期间 It had rained during Christmas
圣诞节期间一直下雨
I will stay here during the summer
整个夏天我都将呆在这儿
For+具体时间段
常回答how long
持续…时间 It rained for a day.
雨持续下了一天
Bake the cake for 40 minutes.
持续烤这个蛋糕40分钟
He was ill for a week, and during that week he ate little.
他生病了一周,在那一周他吃得很少.
Since for的区别
Since+具体时间
自从…
只用于完成时中 He has been a student since 1996
他从96年就是学生了
From+具体时间
从…(到…)
不用于完成时 I studied here from 1994 to 1998.
我从1994到1998在这里学习
I will study hard from now on我从现在开始要好好学习
For+一段时间
持续一段时间
可用于完成,一般现在,一般过去时 He has been a student for 9 years他做学生已经9年了.
Bake the cake for 40 minutes烤这个蛋糕40分.
He did not go to bed until 11 clock last night
(他昨晚没有睡觉直到11点).
他昨天晚上到11点才睡觉
He did not get up until 8 clock this morning.
今天早晨到八点才起床
In time
及时 I reached the bus stop in time.
我及时赶到了汽车站
On time
按时 You must go to school on time.
你必须按时上学
After
在…之后 We will go home after class.
下课后我们打算回家
He goes on working day after day.
他一天又一天的工作
Before
在…之前 Pride goes before a fall骄者必败
I met him yesterday, but I knew of him long before that.
我昨天遇到他了,但是我很早以前就认识他了
A moment ago
刚才
A moment later
片刻之后
A waste of time
浪费时间
All day
一天到晚
All the year around
一年到头
As usual
象平时一样
At once=right now
立刻/马上
At the moment
此时此刻
At the same time
同时
At times
有时,偶尔
Ever since
曾经
From now on
从现在开始
Hour and hour
连续地
In a hurry
匆忙地
In the day
在白天
Just now
就在现在
Just then
就在刚才
Once upon a time
很久以前
Right now
立刻,马上
So far
到目前为止
After a while
过了一会儿
After class
下课后
All the time
一直/始终/总是
As soon as possible
尽可能早的/尽快
At the age of
在…岁时
In the future
在将来
Sooner or later
迟早
Before long
不久以后
Long before
很久以前
Ago/before
在…之前
At the beginning of
在…开始时
At the end of
在…结束时
At the middle of
在…中间
和…
请与and区别 He with me goes .
He and I go.
他和我一起去
用…
请与use区别 I write with pen
I use pen to write.
我用笔写
具有,带有
请与have区别 She has long hair.
The girl with long hair.
她有一头长发
I can not finish the job without your help.
没有你的帮助我不可能完成这项工作的
He always goes out without a hat.
他经常不戴帽子出门
乘…交通工具
请与take/ride区别 They go to school by bus.
They take bus to school.
他们乘公交车上学
被/通过
(被动语态) The job is done by machine.
这个工作被机器来做
在…旁边
(请参阅本讲11页)
Come and sit by me.坐到我身边来
There is a house by the river.
河边有一所房子.
Sb’s sth
某人的… Tom’s family
汤姆的家
Sth of sb
某人的…
The family of Tom
汤姆的家
Like
(v)
喜欢 He likes game.
他喜欢游戏
Like
(prep)
象… He looks like his father.
他看起来象他的父亲
Alike
(adj)
象…(只用于表语) They are alike.
他们看起来很象
为了… Serve for people.为人民服务
I wrote a letter for him我替他写了此信
It will be good for you它会对你有好处的
因为=becauuse of He was sent to prison for stealing.
他因为偷盗而被送进监狱
for+时间段
一段时间 They have been here for 2 years
他们在这儿已经两年了
Round
(v)
环绕 The earth rounds the sun.
地球绕着太阳转.
Around
(prep)
环绕于… The earth is around the sun.
地球绕着太阳转.
大约 It’s about 7:00 clock.现在大约七点
There are about 1000 people.
这儿大约有1000人
关于 I am reading a book about English
我正在读一本关于英语方面的书
What do you know about China
对于中国你了解什么
How about How about you
你怎么样
With
I write with pen. Use
I use pen to write.
In
He is in a blue shirt. Wear
He wears a blue shirt.
By
They go to school by bus. Take/ride
They take bus to school.
Into
He went into the room Enter
He entered the room
Around
The earth is around the sun Round
The earth rounds the sun
Across
He went across the street Cross
He crossed the street.
状语
时间
He gets up at 7:00
地点
He played football on the playground
方式
They go to school by bike.
原因
He was late for the rain.
定语---汉语 “的”字
什么是定语 ---定语者限定修饰也
怎么构成定语 ---形容词,介词词组,句子(定语从句)
怎么修饰:
形容词在所修饰词的前面,
介词词组,句子放在所修饰词的后面
一本书
一本破书
一本被我拿过来的在桌子上的破书
穿蓝外套的她
用在炉子上的锅
在晴朗的中午
只要有名词,代词的地方都有定语
除了谓语之外都有定语的位置
穿蓝外套的她
在炉子上的锅
晴朗的中午
She in blue coat
The pan on the stove
Sunny noon
介词短语,定语从句
放在所修饰词的后面
形容词放在所修饰词的前面
一个字说明白就放在所修饰词的前面
A red rose
Sunny noon
Blue coat
一个字说不明白就放在所修饰词的后面
(介词短语,定语从句,不定式,分词)
A girl in blue coat.
A girl who is in a blue coat.
A girl wearing a blue coat.
一个穿蓝上衣的漂亮的女孩
A beautiful girl in a blue coat.
哪些地方有定语的位置
adj定语放前面,其他定语放后面
She in a blue shirt cooked
at sunny noon with a pan on the stove