2012届高三英语第二轮复习考点精讲精炼 第9讲 单项选择——形容词性从句

2012届高三英语第二轮复习考点精讲精炼
第9讲 单项选择——形容词性从句
正确区分关系代词与关系副词的用法 对介词后接关系代词而不接关系副词的考查关系代词as的用法 非限制性定语从句
(延边F)经典易错题会诊
(延边F)命题角度1
(延边F)正确区分关系代词与关系副词的用法
1. (延边F) (典型例题精选 )I walked in our garden, Tom and Jim were trying a big sign onto one of the trees.
A. which B. when C. where D. that
(延边F) [考场错解] B
(延边F) [专家把脉] 以句意来看，很容易把本题当作是一个时间状语从句或是等立连词when引导的从句。根据题干分析，后者是用来说明Tom and Jim要做的事情的地点．也就是说应该用定语从句来修饰和说明情况，故填 where来引导非限制性定语从句。
(延边F) [对症下药] C
2. (延边F) (典型例题精选 ) If a shop has chairs women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.
A. that B. which C. when D. where
(延边F) [专家把脉] 本题考查了对定语从句及其引导词的判断。该句句意为“如果商店里有椅子供和妇女来购物的男人们使用。妇女们在商店中会待更长的时间。”chairs在句中作先行词表示地点，后跟定语从句须用where引导，where在从句中作状语。
(延边F) [对症下药] D
3. (延边F) (典型例题精选 )You can find whatever you need at the shopping center, is always busy at the weekend.
A. that B. where C. what D. which
(延边F) [考场错解] A
(延边F) [专家把脉] 本题考查非限制性定语从句。that， what不引导非限制性定语从句，where表示地点。
(延边F) [对症下药] D
4. (延边F) (典型例题精选 ) Her sister has become a lawyer, she wanted to be.
A. who B. that C. what D. which
(延边F) [考场错解] A
(延边F) [专家把脉] 考生乍一看先行词“a lawyer"指人，误选 A。分析从句及根据题意“她姐姐已当了一名律师，那是她过去曾想从事的一种职业(律师)”故选D。which引导非限制性定语从句，而B that不能引导非限制性定语从句。这是有关定语从句的题，故不选c。
(延边F) [对症下药] D
5. (延边F) (典型例题精选Women drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart dis ease than those don' t.
A．who；不填 B．不填；who
c．who；who D．不填表；不填
(延边F) [考场错解] B
(延边F) [专家把脉] 本题考查who引导的定语从句。第一个空who在从句中做主语，women为先行词；第二空中， who引导的从句省略了“drink two cups of coffe a day”，先行词为those。
(延边F) [对症下药] C
6. (延边F) (典型例题精选We' re just trying to teach a point beth sides will sit down together and talk.
A. where B. that C. when D. which
(延边F) [考场错解]B或C
(延边F) [专家把脉] 考生易把此题理解为when引导的时间状语从句，而误选C。本题考查where引导的定语从句， where在从句中作状语；而that引导定语从句时，在从句中做主语或宾语。因此本题应选A。
(延边F) [对症下药] A
(延边F)专家会诊
1．(延边F)定语从句相当于一个形容词，起定语作用，修饰名词或代词。
2．(延边F)定语从句的引导词的三种功用：(1)引导定语从句；(2)替代先行词；(3)在定语从句中充当一定的成分。
3．(延边F)解题要领：根据定语从句中所缺成分来确定是用关系代词还是关系副词，决不要因先行词是时间名词就用when，是地点名词就用where。
4．(延边F)当先行词指物时，许多情况下既可以用关系代词which，也可以用关系代词that，但在下列情况下，只能使用关系代词that(1)当先行词是不定代词all，much，little，something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one时。如: Do you have anything that you want to say for youraelf You should hand in all that you have.
(2)当先行词前面有only，any，few，little，no， all，very等词修饰时。如：
This is the very book that I' m looking for.
The only thing that we can do is to give you some mane),.
(3)当先行词是形容词最高级时或它的前面有形容词最高级修饰时。如：
This is the best that has been wasted against pollution.
This is the most interesting film that I' ve ever seen.
(4)当先行词是序数词或它前有一个序数词时，如：
This train is the last that will go to Huangzhou.
What is the first American film that you have seen
(5)当先行词既有．人又有物时，如：
Do yon know the things and persons that they are talking about
(6)当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。如：Which is the bike that you lost Who is the boy that won the gold medal
(7)有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词已用which，另外一个空用tbato如：
They secretly built up a small factory which pro- duced things that could cause pollution.
(延边F)考场思维训练
1 (延边F) After living in Paris for 50 years he returned to the small town he grew up as a child.
A. which B. where C. that D. when
1．B解析：定语从句缺地点状语。
2 (延边F)I never forget the days we spent together.
A. that B. when C. whose D. what
2．A解析：that在定语从句中作"spent”的宾语。 ．
3 (延边F)Have you seen the film" Titanic" , leading actor is world famous
A. its B. it' s C. whose D. which
3．c解析：whose作定语从句中主语的定语。
(延边F)命题角度2
(延边F)对介词后接关系代词而不接关系副词的考查
1. (延边F) (典型例题精选 )—Why does she always ask you for help
—There is no one else ,is there
A. who to turn to B. she can turn to
C. for whom to turn D. for her to turn
(延边F) [考场错解]D或C
(延边F) [专家把脉] 按照习惯的思维是介词for可以表示“对……”，但本题是固定短语turn to表示“向某人求助”的意思，固定短语中的介词一般不提前置于关系代词之前。选项A中who是多余的，不定式可直接用作后置定语。
(延边F) [对症下药] B
2．(延边F) (典型例题精选 saw several natives advancing towardsour party, and one of them came up to us, we gave some bells and glasses.
A. to which B. to whom C. with whom D. with which
(延边F) [考场错解] C
(延边F) [专家把脉] 本题考查whom引导的非限制性定语从句，介词to提前，give something to somebody意为“给某人某物”。
(延边F) [对症下药] B
3. (延边F) (典型例题精选 )I have many friends, some are businessmen.
A. of them B. from which
C. who of D. of whom
(延边F) [考场错解]A或B
(延边F) [专家把脉] 先行词是many friends，some of whom,whom是关系代词，指代朋友们，与介词—起移至先行词后面。
(延边F) [对症下药] D
4. (延边F) (典型例题精选 I was told that there were about 50 foreign students Chinese in the school, most were from Germany.
A. study ; of whom B. study; of them
C. studying; of them D. studying; of whom
(延边F) [考场错解]A或B
(延边F) [专家把脉]本题即考查了现在分词作定语，又考查定语从句。whom代指50 foreign students作介词of的宾语。
(延边F) [对症下药] D
5. (延边F) (典型例题精选I was given three books on cooking, the first I really enjoyed.
A. of that B. of which C. that D. which
(延边F) [考场错解] A
(延边F) [专家把脉] which指代three books做介词of的宾语，与 the first—起提前引导定语从句。
(延边F) [对症下药] B
(延边F)专家会诊
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句是定语从句中较复杂的一种，一般多用于正式文件中。此类定语从句的关系代词主要有which，whom，whose。它们既可引导限制性定语从句，又可引导非限制性定语从句。学习这种定语从句时要注意以下几种情况：
一、(延边F)注意介词的选取。在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，介词的选取应根据以下几点：
1．(延边F)根据介词和定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配。如：
Who is the man with whom you just shook hands
The two things about which Karl Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms.
2．(延边F)根据定语从句意思的需要，此时前后搭配都要注意。如：
He had a bad cold, because of which he didn't atthe meeting.
The speed at which the car runs depends on the road condition.
3．(延边F)根据意思可用复杂介词，如by means of，88 a result of，in front of，in the back of，all of，most of等，如：
The instrument by means of which the temperature is measured is called thermometer.
There are forty students in the classroom, all of whom are working hard at a problem in maths.
二、(延边F)注意关系代词的选取。在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，如果关系代词指事物就用 which；如果指人则用whom；若表示“……的”则用 whose。如：
This is the classroom in which we studided last year.
He lives in a house, whose door opens to the north.
三、(延边F)注意“介词+where)’引导的定语从句。有时在阅读过程中我们会碰到“介词+where”引导的定语从句，此时要和“介词+which”引导的定语从句从意义上加以区别。如：
They stood on the top of the building, from where they could see the whole city. (from where 相当于 from the top of the building, 而不是 from the building)
(延边F)考场思维训练
1 (延边F) In the dark street,there wasn' t a person she could turn for help.
A. that B. who
C. from whom D. to whom
1．D解析：turn to sb．for help．
2 (延边F)This is the book I paid ten yuan.
A. for which B. for that
C. which D. off which
2．A解析：pay+钱数+for sth．
3 (延边F)In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p. m. , many people have got home.
A. whose time B. that
C. on which D. by which
3．D解析：根据句意“到下午5：30时，许多人已经到家了”，但定语从句中又用了完成时，故用介词by。
(延边F)命题角度3
(延边F)关系代词as的用法
1. (延边F) (典型例题精选 ) I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting.
A. When B. After C. As D. Since
(延边F) [考场错解] B
(延边F) [专家把脉] 本题考查as引导的非限制性定语从句。此时的as表示“如同”之意，它所引导的非限制性定语从句可位于句首。
(延边F) [对症下药] C
2. (延边F) ( 经典题) The word "write" has the same pronunciation the word "right"
A. of B. as C. to D. from
(延边F) [考场错解] C
(延边F) [专家把脉] 考生不明白此题在考查as引导的限制性定语从句用法。as引导的限制性定语从句既可指人又可指物，它只能替代由such，the same等修饰的先行词，故选B。
(延边F) [对症下药] B
3. (延边F) ( 典型例题精选The Beatles, many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool,
A. what B. that C. how D. as
(延边F) [考场错解] B ．
(延边F) [专家把脉] 本题考查as引导的非限制性定于从句。 as指代主句的整个内容，插入主句中。
(延边F) [对症下药] D
(延边F)专家会诊
关系代词as引导的定语从句关系代词as既可引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句，as在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。
1．(延边F)As 引导限制性定语从句时，一般用于下列句式：
(1)such+名词+as…像……一样的；像……之类 the sanle+名词+as．．． 和……同样的其中关系代词
as在从句中可担当主语、宾语或表语。例如：
We have found such materials as are used in their factory. ( 作主语 )
Such people as you describled are thought to be fools nowadys. ( 作宾语 )
He is not the same man as he was. (作表语)
(2)...such as... 这里such为代词，意思是“这样的人或物”，as在从句中担任成分，修饰先行词such。例如：This book is not such as I expect．(as作宾语)
2．(延边F)as引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主语之后。相同的是两者都可代指主句的整个内容，而不是主句中的某一个词。例如：
He turned out to be very successful， which was more than we could expect.
As is known to all ， Edison invented the telephone.
(延边F)考场思维训练
1 (延边F)This book is very interesting. Where did you buy it I will buy the same book you have bought.
A. which B. as C. that D. what
1．B解析：the same…as．．．
2 (延边F) we all know,Taiwan is part of china.
A. As B. Which C. What D. That
2．A解析：as引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句整体。
(延边F)探究开放题解答
(延边F)综合问题1
(延边F)非限制性定语从句
1. (延边F)We will be shown around the city:schools,museums,andsome other places, other visitors seldom go.
A. what B. which C. where D. when
(延边F) [解题思路] 本题是考查where引导的非限制性定语从句，在从句中做地点状语。
(延边F) [解答] C
(延边F)规律总结
判定非限制性定语从句需要注意以下几点：
1．(延边F)非限制性定语从句与主句之间一般用逗号分开且无连词。
2．(延边F)非限定性定语从句中which指代主句中的某一名词、不定代词或整个句子，who，when，where分别指主句中的人物、时间、地点。
3．(延边F)that一般不用于非限定性定语从句。
4．(延边F)如果从句为状语从句则从主句中找不到先行词。
(延边F)考场思维训练
1 (延边F)Our language classes include a lot about the culture of the country language we are studying.
A. which B. whose C. whatever D. whichever
1．B解析：whose引导的定语从句，whose与country存在所属关系。
2 (延边F)Who is the girl is hurrying to school
A. who B. whom C. that D. which
2．C解析：当主语是以who，which等开头的特殊疑问句时，用thato
3 (延边F)Is there a gas station around I can get some petrol
A. which B. what C. where D. that
3．C解析：where作地点状语。
(延边F)考点高分解题综合训练
I．(延边F)单项选择
1 (延边F) (典型例题精选Do you have anything to say for your selves
—Yes, there's one point we must insist on.
A. why B. where C. how D. /
1．D解析：本题考查定语从句。引导词在从句中做介词on的宾语，可以省略。
2 (延边F) (典型例题精选ook out! Don' t get too close to the house roof is under repair.
A. whose B. which C. of which D. what
2．A解析：本题考查whose引导的定语从句。roof与the house之间为所属关系，因此应选whose。
3 (延边F) ( 典型例题精选 She was educated at Beijing University, She went on to have her advancedstudy abroad.
A. after which B. from which
C. from that D. after that
3．A解析：考查which引导的定语从句，which做介词after的宾语，句子的意思是：在北京大学毕业后，她去国外进修。
4 (延边F) Liu Xiang' s breaking the world record was an exciting moment, all of us willnever forget.
A. that B. one C. it D. what
4．B解析：这里one指a moment，后跟定语从句，补充说明这个时刻。这里的结构相当于which引导的非限定性定语从句。
5 (延边F)My teacher of English is really very kind. I' 11 never for get the he has done me.
A. favor B. deed C. help D. value
5．A解析：考查词组do sb．the favor(帮某人一个忙)在定语从句中的应用。所以he has done me是定语从句，修饰先行词favor。
6 (延边F)Remember that the birthday _ we spend happily each year was just our mothers suffered bitterly.
A. when ; what B. when ; that
C. that; when D. that ; what
6．C解析：that引导定语从句且充当从句中的及物动词spend的逻辑宾语，when引导表语从句且在从句中充当时间状语。
7 (延边F) There is hardly an environment on earth some species of animal or other have not adapted successfully.
A. to which B. in which
C. for which D. on which
7．A解析：environment是先行词；“适应环境”常用adapt to an environment，故应选择介词"to+关系代词which”。
8 (延边F)After ten years of hard time, the young lady has turned movie star, she dreamed of becoming in her childhood.
A. who B. which C. that D. what
8．B解析：分析句子可知，本题考查非限定性定语从句，which指前面“那位年轻女士成为电影明星”的事。
9 (延边F)A supermarket, as the name suggests, is a place goods of all kinds can be bought.
A. what B. which
C. where D. in which
9．c解析：本题考查where引导的定语从句，a place在从句中作状语；此句中where不能用in which代替，而应用at which代替，at表示在空间的某一处。
10 (延边F)There are many people only on-line activity is sending and receiving e-mail.
A. who B. that C. which D. whose
10．D解析：空白处所选的选项须作名词activity的定语，所以只能选D项。
11 (延边F) —Is that the small town you often refer to
—Right, just the one you know I used to work for years.
A. that B. which C. where D. what
11．C解析：句中you know为插入语，若将其省略可看出其后为定语从句，排除D。从句中work为不及物动词，排除A、B。故选C。
12 (延边F)He was educated at a local grammar school, he went on to Cambridge.
A. from which B. after that
C. after which D. from this
12．c解析：逗号后为非限制性定语从句，排除B、D。若将this，that视为代词，两个句子之间缺少连词。“在那家当地的语法学校受教育后上了剑桥”，故选C，after表示时间。
13 (延边F)The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs they are being trained.
A. in that 13. for that
C. in which D. for which
13．D解析：句中jobs后为定语从句，关系代词that不能用于介词后，排除A、B。从句意中“他们为之训练的工作”，故选D。
14 (延边F)The place the bridge is supposed to be built should be the cross-river traffic is the ,heavi est.
A. which ; where B. at which ; which
C. at which; where D. which; in which
14．c解析：第一空需要选择一个定语从句引导词，从句中缺少地点状语，可排除A、D两项。第二空是表语从句的引导词，从句中缺少地点状语，因此选择where。
15 (延边F)Do you have any idea is actually going on in the classroom
A. that B. what C. which D. where
15．B解析：What’s going on 发生了什么事 what引导宾语从句。
16 (延边F)Some of the things children like to collect are stamps and dolls.
A. that B. which C. whose D. who
16．A解析：先行词为some，根据规定用that。
17 (延边F)We looked back over all happened during the past year, to ourselves, to our city and to the world.
A. which has B. that have
C. that has D. which have
17．c解析：先行词为all(指物)，引导词为that，谓语用单数。
18 (延边F)The large room the dance is held is beautifully decorated.
A. in which B, which C. that D. !
18．A解析：in the large room，故用in which引导。
19 (延边F) There are little tables people may sit when they are not dancing.
A. in which B. on which
C. which D. that
19．B解析：on the table，故用on which引导。
20 (延边F)Most of the jokes told by comedians are soon forgotten.
A. which was B. that was
C. were D. that were
20．D解析：先行词为复数名词jokes．
21 (延边F) The most important roads in downtown were paved with large stones.
A. are B. is
C. that are D. which are
21．C解析：先行词被最高级修饰，且先行词为复数故用"that are”。
22 (延边F)I don' t know the reason you have changed your idea.
A. which B. as C. when D. why
22．D解析：当先行词为reason时常用why引导定语从句。
23 (延边F)The earth is a huge hall, 70% of covered with water.
A. which is B. which are
C. that is D. that are
23．A解析：本句为非限制性定词从句，主语为地球。
24 (延边F)She is the only one of the teachers loved deeply.
A. who is B. who are C. that is D. that are
24．A解析：先行词为the only one of the teachers，关系词在从句中充当主语时，从句中谓语用单数。
25 (延边F)Who seen the film doesn't admire it
A. who has B. who have C. that has D. that have
25．c解析：本句的先行词是who，为避免重复，故用that。
26 (延边F) is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
26．B解析：as引导的非限制性定语从句。
27 (延边F) He' s got himself into a dangerous situation he is likely to lose control over the plane.
A. where B. which C. while D. why
27．A解析：关系副词where作地点状语。
28 (延边F)Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, __, of course, made the others unhappy.
a. who B. which C. this D. what
28．B解析：which引导非限制性定语从句，作从句的主语。
29 (延边F) It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year, for the first time in years their team won the World Cup.
a. that B. while C. which D. when
29．D解析：关系副词when作时间状语。
30 (延边F)The news is spreading around the airport is a heavy storm is coming.
A. what ; / B. that ; that
C. / ; that D. that ; which
30．B解析：关系代词that充当从句的主语不可省略。
Ⅱ．(延边F)完形填空
阅读下列短文，掌握其大意，然后从31—50各题所给的四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In the water around New York city is a very small island 31 Liberty Island. On Liberty Island there is a very spe- cial 32 called the Statue of Liberty. It is one of the 33 famous sights in the world.
34 Statue of Liberty was a gift 35 the people of France to the people of the Passageed States. The statue was made 36 a French sculptor named Frederic August Bar- tholdi. The inner support 37 was designed by Gustave Eiffel,the same man 38 made the famous Eiffel Tower in 39 Liberty, of course, 40 freedom, and the Statue of Liberty was given to the Passageed States to 41 the one 42 anniversary of US independence from 43 The statue was built in France, taken 44 piece by piece and then 45 in the Passageed States. It was opened for 46 public on October 28,1886.
47 you might expect, the statue is very big. Visitors can ride an elevator from the ground to the 48 of the statue. If they want to, they can then 49 up the 168 steps to reach the head of the statue 50 they can look out and enjoy the beautiful sight of the city of New York.
31. (延边F)A. on B. connected C. in D. called
32. (延边F)A. statue B. monument C. tower D. casde
33. (延边F)A. more B. less C. most D. much
34. (延边F)A. My B. A C. Any D. The
35. (延边F)A. in B. at C. from D. to
36. (延边F)A. of B. by C. from D. after
37. (延边F)A. system B. bridge C. recognition D. evolution
38. (延边F)A. as B. who C. which D. whom
39. (延边F)A. Paris B. London C. Tokyo D. Washington
40. (延边F)A. means B. refers C. supplies D. deserves
41. (延边F)A. praise B. command C. examine D. celebrate
42. (延边F)A. hundred B. hundredth C. hundreds D. hundreded
43. (延边F)A. Australia B. Canada C. England D. Japan
44. (延边F)A. over B. up C. to D. apart
45. (延边F)A. rebuilt B. rewritten C. repeated D. repaired
46. (延边F)A. a B. many C. the D. this.
47. (延边F)A. So B. Such C. Whom D. As
48. (延边F)A. bottom B. top C. building D. hall
49. (延边F)A. walk B. sing C. sail D. stride
50. (延边F)A. which B. who C. where D. that
31．D解析：过去分词作定语，表被动含义。
32．A解析：根据下文的Statue of Liberty可知。
33．c解析：the most构成最高级。
34．D解析：从上文“the Statue of Liberty"可知。
35．C解析：from"来自”，即来自法国人民的礼物。
36．B解析：by+动作的发出者。
37．A解析：system"系统，体系”。
38．B解析：who引导定语从句修饰the man作主语。
39．A解析：根据常识Eiffel Tower Tij Paris可知。
40．A解析：mean"意思是……”。
41．D解析：从宾语anniversary知，此处表“庆祝”。
42．B解析：the one hundredth anniversary"一百周年”。
43．C解析：美国从英国独立出来。
44．D解析：take apart"拆开”。
45．A解析：“rebuild”与上文的"take apart"呼应。
46．C解析：the public公众，民众。
47．D解析：As you might expect，“正如你所期望的……”
48．A解析：离顶部还有168步台阶。
49．A解析：walk up…to．．．走近。
50．C解析：where引导的定语从句表地点。
Ⅲ．(延边F)短文改错
此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。对标有题号的每一行作出判断：如无错误，在该行右边横线上画一个勾(√)；如有错误(每行只有一个错误)，则按下列情况改正：
此行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。
此行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。
此行错一个词：在错的词下画一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。
Anne lives in a small town. She is fond of surfing the Internet. In general speaking, she
51.
spent about an hour a day on line. To her,it is
52. v
a wonderful place because you never know that
53.
it may have in store for you. Last Friday, she 54.
found an e-pal,that called himself "Future". 55.
They promised to keep touch with each other. 56.
And she was warned against him by her parents.
57.
"What will it lead to "she asked. "A happy ending. "
58.
Anne answered and continued typing, paid no 59.
attention to them. One month past,and a man 60.
called" Future" was arrested by the police!
51．去掉speaking52．“spent"改为“spends”53．“that"改为“what”54．正确55．“that"改为"who”56．“keep"后加“in”57．“And"改为“But”58．“she"改为"they”59．“paid"改为"paying”60．“past"改为"passed”
(延边F)考点小资料
(延边F) “介词+关系代词”结构的用法
1．(延边F) “介词+which"在定语从句中作时间、地点、原因状语，相当于关系副词when，where，why。
2．(延边F) “介词(短语)+which/whom"在定语从句中作目的、方式状语。
3．(延边F) “介词(短语)+which/whom+there be．．．”在定语从句中作表示存在关系的地点状语。
4．(延边F) “介词+which/whom"在含被动结构的定语从句中作状语，表示动作的执行者。
5．(延边F) “不定代词或数词或名词+of which/whom”在定语从句中作主语。
6．(延边F) “介词+whose"修饰后面的名词作定语。
7．(延边F) “介词+which+不定式”相当于一个简化了的定语从句。
8．(延边F)介词的确定由定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配决定。