(共16张PPT)
人教版
九年级
九年级中考英语总复习
助动词
Language
points
一、助动词的定义
协助主要动词构成谓语的词叫助动词（Auxiliary
Verb），也叫辅助动词。被协助的动词称作主要动词（Main
Verb）。助动词一般没有词义，主要帮助构成谓语，表示时态、语态、构成疑问及否定形式或加强语气，不可单独作谓语。最常用的助动词有：be，have/has，do/does/did，shall，should，will，would等。
eg：He
doesn't
like
English.
他不喜欢英语。
He
is
listening
to
music.
他正在听音乐。
I
can
speak
English
fluently.
我会讲一口流利的英语。
Language
points
二、助动词的分类
助动词大体上可以划分为三类，一是基本助动词，分别是be、do、have以及它们的变形格式。二是情态助动词，这类词后接动词原形，而且主语人称和数的变化对情态助动词没有影响。三是半助动词，即复合情态助动词，它介于助动词和一般动词之间。
助动词
基本助动词
时态助动词
be+动词-ing(进行时)
have/has/had+动词过去分词(完成时)
will+动词原形(将来时)
would+动词原形(过去将来)
语态助动词
be+动词过去分词→被动语态
句式助动词
疑问句
do+动词原形
否定句
don't+动词原形
does+动词原形
doesn't+动词原形
did+动词原形
didn't+动词原形
情态助动词
can/may/should/must/need/shall+动词原形
半助动词
(复合情态助动词)
have
to、be
about
to、be
able
to、be
going
to、be
due
to、seem
to、
be
likely
to、be
supposed
to、be
willing
to
Language
points
1、时态助动词
时态助动词就是帮助行为动词构成各种时态，不可单独作谓语，要和行为动词一起构成谓语。英文中将时间分为4类，即现在时、过去时、将来时、过去将来时，状态也分4类，即一般态、进行态、完成态、完成进行态。“4时”与“4态”交叉组合，共计16种时态。
其中现在和过去无需添加助动词，直接用动词的现在式、过去式即可，表将来和过去将来时，则需在动词前添加助动词will与would。动词前添加助动词have表示完成态；动词前添加助动词be表示进行态；动词前添加助动词have
be表示完成进行态。（以play为例，举例说明助动词，底色部分为初中所学时态）
Language
points
一般态
/
完成态
have
进行态
be
完成进行态
have
be
现在时
/
I
play.
I
have
played.
I
am
playing.
I
have
been
playing.
You
play.
You
have
played.
You
are
playing.
You
have
been
playing.
He
plays.
He
has
played.
He
is
playing.
He
has
been
playing.
We
play.
We
have
played.
We
are
playing.
We
have
been
playing.
They
play.
They
have
played.
They
are
playing.
They
have
been
playing.
Language
points
一般态
/
完成态
have
进行态
be
完成进行态
have
be
过去时
/
I
played.
I
had
played.
I
was
playing.
I
had
been
playing.
You
played.
You
had
played.
You
were
playing.
You
had
been
playing.
He
played.
He
had
played.
He
was
playing.
He
had
been
playing.
We
played.
We
had
played.
We
were
playing.
We
had
been
playing.
They
played.
They
had
played.
They
were
playing.
They
had
been
playing.
Language
points
一般态
/
完成态
have
进行态
be
完成进行态
have
be
将来时
will
I
shall
play.
I
shall
have
played.
I
shall
be
playing.
I
shall
have
been
playing.
You
will
play.
You
will
have
played.
You
will
be
playing.
You
will
have
been
playing.
He
will
play.
He
will
have
played.
He
will
be
playing.
He
will
have
been
playing.
We
shall
play.
We
shall
have
played.
We
shall
be
playing.
We
shall
have
been
playing.
They
will
play.
They
will
have
played.
They
will
be
playing.
They
will
have
been
playing.
Language
points
一般态
/
完成态
have
进行态
be
完成进行态
have
be
过去将来时
would
I
would
play.
I
would
have
played.
I
would
be
playing.
I
would
have
been
playing.
You
would
play.
You
would
have
played.
You
would
be
playing.
You
would
have
been
playing.
He
would
play.
He
would
have
played.
He
would
be
playing.
He
would
have
been
playing.
We
would
play.
We
would
have
played.
We
would
be
playing.
We
would
have
been
playing.
They
would
play.
They
would
have
played.
They
would
be
playing.
They
would
have
been
playing.
Language
points
①
be（am,
is,
are,
was,
were,
been,
being）
助动词be与现在分词结合，可以构成进行时态；与过去分词结合，可以构成被动语态
eg：Mike
is
playing
badminton
with
Jack.
迈克正在和杰克打羽毛球。
I
was
watching
TV
at
home
last
night.
昨晚我一直在看电视。
②
have（has,
had,
having）
助动词have与过去分词结合，可以构成完成时态。
eg：I
had
written
half
of
book
by
the
end
of
last
week.
到上周末为止，我已经写了这本书的一半。
I
had
finished
my
homework
by
the
end
of
holiday.
到假期结束时，我已经完成了家庭作业。
She
has
had
breakfast.
她已经吃过早饭了。
Language
points
③
shall（should），will（would）助动词shall和will与动词结合，可以构成将来时。
eg：We
shall
be
very
happy
to
see
you.
我们见到你会很高兴的。
I
will
make
Charlie
a
chocolate
cake
tomorrow.
我明天将为查理制作一块巧克力蛋糕。
Language
points
2、语态助动词
动词的语态分两种，即主动与被动。语态助动词只有一个，添加语态助动词“be+动词过去分词”表示被动，不添加则是主动。若动词前岀现多个助动词，语态助动词排在最后。
名称
构成
以动词write举例
一般现在时被动语态
is/am/are+过去分词
is/am/are+written
—般过去时被动语态
was/were+过去分词
was/were+written
一般将来时被动语态
will/shall
be+过去分词
is/am/are
going
to
be+过去分词
will/shall
be+written
is/am/are
going
to
be+written
过去将来时被动语态
would/should+be+过去分词
would/should+be+written
现在进行时被动语态
is/am/are+being+过去分词
is/am/are+being+written
过去进行时被动语态
was/were+being+过去分词
was/were+being+written
现在完成时被动语态
have/has
been+过去分词
have/has
been+written
过去完成时被动语态
had
been+过去分词
had
been+written
含情态动词的被动语态
情态动词+be+过去分词
情态动词+be+written
Language
points
3、句式助动词
因为一般现在时和—般过去时的陈述句中是不添加助动词的，所以若将陈述句改为一般疑问句，需在动词前添加句式助动词do（does/did），再将其提前。若改为否定句，同样要添加句式助动词do（does/did）,并在后面添加否定词not。添加句式助动词后，相对应的行为动词要还原。（若陈述句中谓语部分是Be动词或有情态动词，则不需要句式助动词）
名称
陈述句
一般疑问句
否定句
一般现在时
I
play.
Do
you
play?
I
don’t
play.
You
play.
Do
you
play?
You
don’t
play.
He
plays.
Does
he
play?
He
doesn’t
play.
We
play.
Do
you
play?
We
don’t
play.
They
play.
Do
they
play?
They
don’t
play.
—般过去时
I
played.
Did
you
play?
I
didn’t
play.
You
played.
Did
you
play?
You
didn’t
play.
He
played.
Did
he
play?
He
didn’t
play.
We
played.
Did
you
play?
We
didn’t
play.
They
played.
Did
they
play?
They
didn’t
play.
Language
points
4、情态助动词与半助动词
情态助动词与其他助动词不同，它有词义，但它也和其他助动词一样，不能单独作谓语，必须和动词一起构成谓语。另外重要的一点是情态动词没有人称和数的变化，其后必须跟动词原形。半助动词也叫“复合情态助动词”
情态动词
半助动词（复合情态动词）
may可能、也许
might可能、也许
would
rather宁愿
be
going
to打算
can能、可以
could能、可以
had
better
最好
be
to将要
will将、愿意
would将、愿意
may
as
well
最好
be
able
to
能够
shall将要、应该
should应该
have
to必须
be
likely
to
可能
must必须、应当
ought
to
应当
used
to过去常常
be
about
to
马上
dare
敢
need必须
happen
to
碰巧
be
supposed
to
应当
Language
points
eg：We
shall
be
very
happy
to
see
you.
我们见到你会很高兴的。
I
will
make
Charlie
a
chocolate
cake
tomorrow.
我明天将为查理制作一块巧克力蛋糕。
1
will
be
able
to
win
the
game.
我将要能够赢下比赛。
https://www.21cnjy.com/help/help_extract.php中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
人教版九年级中考英语总复习语法专题
助动词讲义
一、助动词的定义
协助主要动词构成谓语的词叫助动词（Auxiliary
Verb），也叫辅助动词。被协助的动词称作主要动词（Main
Verb）。助动词一般没有词义，主要帮助构成谓语，表示时态、语态、构成疑问及否定形式或加强语气，不可单独作谓语。最常用的助动词有：be，have/has，do/does/did，shall，should，will，would等。
eg：He
doesn't
like
English.
他不喜欢英语。
He
is
listening
to
music.
他正在听音乐。
I
can
speak
English
fluently.
我会讲一口流利的英语。
二、助动词的分类
助动词大体上可以划分为三类，一是基本助动词，分别是be、do、have以及它们的变形格式。二是情态助动词，这类词后接动词原形，而且主语人称和数的变化对情态助动词没有影响。三是半助动词，即复合情态助动词，它介于助动词和一般动词之间。
助动词
基本助动词
时态助动词
be+动词-ing(进行时)
have/has/had+动词过去分词(完成时)
will+动词原形(将来时)
would+动词原形(过去将来)
语态助动词
be+动词过去分词→被动语态
句式助动词
疑问句
do+动词原形
否定句
don't+动词原形
does+动词原形
doesn't+动词原形
did+动词原形
didn't+动词原形
情态助动词
can/may/should/must/need/shall+动词原形
半助动词
(复合情态助动词)
have
to、be
about
to、be
able
to、be
going
to、be
due
to、seem
to、
be
likely
to、be
supposed
to、be
willing
to
1、时态助动词
时态助动词就是帮助行为动词构成各种时态，不可单独作谓语，要和行为动词一起构成谓语。英文中将时间分为4类，即现在时、过去时、将来时、过去将来时，状态也分4类，即一般态、进行态、完成态、完成进行态。“4时”与“4态”交叉组合，共计16种时态。
其中现在和过去无需添加助动词，直接用动词的现在式、过去式即可，表将来和过去将来时，则需在动词前添加助动词will与would。动词前添加助动词have表示完成态；动词前添加助动词be表示进行态；动词前添加助动词have
be表示完成进行态。（以play为例，举例说明助动词，底色部分为初中所学时态）
一般态
/
完成态
have
进行态
be
完成进行态
have
be
现在时
/
I
play.
I
have
played.
I
am
playing.
I
have
been
playing.
You
play.
You
have
played.
You
are
playing.
You
have
been
playing.
He
plays.
He
has
played.
He
is
playing.
He
has
been
playing.
We
play.
We
have
played.
We
are
playing.
We
have
been
playing.
They
play.
They
have
played.
They
are
playing.
They
have
been
playing.
过去时
/
I
played.
I
had
played.
I
was
playing.
I
had
been
playing.
You
played.
You
had
played.
You
were
playing.
You
had
been
playing.
He
played.
He
had
played.
He
was
playing.
He
had
been
playing.
We
played.
We
had
played.
We
were
playing.
We
had
been
playing.
They
played.
They
had
played.
They
were
playing.
They
had
been
playing.
将来时
will
I
shall
play.
I
shall
have
played.
I
shall
be
playing.
I
shall
have
been
playing.
You
will
play.
You
will
have
played.
You
will
be
playing.
You
will
have
been
playing.
He
will
play.
He
will
have
played.
He
will
be
playing.
He
will
have
been
playing.
We
shall
play.
We
shall
have
played.
We
shall
be
playing.
We
shall
have
been
playing.
They
will
play.
They
will
have
played.
They
will
be
playing.
They
will
have
been
playing.
过去将来时
would
I
would
play.
I
would
have
played.
I
would
be
playing.
I
would
have
been
playing.
You
would
play.
You
would
have
played.
You
would
be
playing.
You
would
have
been
playing.
He
would
play.
He
would
have
played.
He
would
be
playing.
He
would
have
been
playing.
We
would
play.
We
would
have
played.
We
would
be
playing.
We
would
have
been
playing.
They
would
play.
They
would
have
played.
They
would
be
playing.
They
would
have
been
playing.
①
be（am,
is,
are,
was,
were,
been,
being）
助动词be与现在分词结合，可以构成进行时态；与过去分词结合，可以构成被动语态
eg：Mike
is
playing
badminton
with
Jack.
迈克正在和杰克打羽毛球。
I
was
watching
TV
at
home
last
night.
昨晚我一直在看电视。
②
have（has,
had,
having）
助动词have与过去分词结合，可以构成完成时态。
eg：I
had
written
half
of
book
by
the
end
of
last
week.
到上周末为止，我已经写了这本书的一半。
I
had
finished
my
homework
by
the
end
of
holiday.
到假期结束时，我已经完成了家庭作业。
I
have
finished
my
homework.
我已经做完作业了。
She
has
had
breakfast.
她已经吃过早饭了。
③
shall（should），will（would）
助动词shall和will与动词结合，可以构成将来时。
eg：We
shall
be
very
happy
to
see
you.
我们见到你会很高兴的。
I
will
make
Charlie
a
chocolate
cake
tomorrow.
我明天将为查理制作一块巧克力蛋糕。
2、语态助动词
动词的语态分两种，即主动与被动。语态助动词只有一个，添加语态助动词“be+动词过去分词”表示被动，不添加则是主动。若动词前岀现多个助动词，语态助动词排在最后。
名称
构成
以动词write举例
一般现在时被动语态
is/am/are+过去分词
is/am/are+written
—般过去时被动语态
was/were+过去分词
was/were+written
一般将来时被动语态
will/shall
be+过去分词
is/am/are
going
to
be+过去分词
will/shall
be+written
is/am/are
going
to
be+written
过去将来时被动语态
would/should+be+过去分词
would/should+be+written
现在进行时被动语态
is/am/are+being+过去分词
is/am/are+being+written
过去进行时被动语态
was/were+being+过去分词
was/were+being+written
现在完成时被动语态
have/has
been+过去分词
have/has
been+written
过去完成时被动语态
had
been+过去分词
had
been+written
含情态动词的被动语态
情态动词+be+过去分词
情态动词+be+written
3、句式助动词
因为一般现在时和—般过去时的陈述句中是不添加助动词的，所以若将陈述句改为一般疑问句，需在动词前添加句式助动词do（does/did），再将其提前。若改为否定句，同样要添加句式助动词do（does/did）,并在后面添加否定词not。添加句式助动词后，相对应的行为动词要还原。（若陈述句中谓语部分是Be动词或有情态动词，则不需要句式助动词）
名称
陈述句
一般疑问句
否定句
一般现在时
I
play.
Do
you
play?
I
don’t
play.
You
play.
Do
you
play?
You
don’t
play.
He
plays.
Does
he
play?
He
doesn’t
play.
We
play.
Do
you
play?
We
don’t
play.
They
play.
Do
they
play?
They
don’t
play.
—般过去时
I
played.
Did
you
play?
I
didn’t
play.
You
played.
Did
you
play?
You
didn’t
play.
He
played.
Did
he
play?
He
didn’t
play.
We
played.
Did
you
play?
We
didn’t
play.
They
played.
Did
they
play?
They
didn’t
play.
4、情态助动词与半助动词
情态助动词与其他助动词不同，它有词义，但它也和其他助动词一样，不能单独作谓语，必须和动词一起构成谓语。另外重要的一点是情态动词没有人称和数的变化，其后必须跟动词原形。半助动词也叫“复合情态助动词”
情态动词
半助动词（复合情态动词）
may可能、也许
might可能、也许
would
rather宁愿
be
going
to打算
can能、可以
could能、可以
had
better
最好
be
to将要
will将、愿意
would将、愿意
may
as
well
最好
be
able
to
能够
shall将要、应该
should应该
have
to必须
be
likely
to
可能
must必须、应当
ought
to
应当
used
to过去常常
be
about
to
马上
dare
敢
need必须
happen
to
碰巧
be
supposed
to
应当
eg：We
shall
be
very
happy
to
see
you.
我们见到你会很高兴的。
I
will
make
Charlie
a
chocolate
cake
tomorrow.
我明天将为查理制作一块巧克力蛋糕。
1
will
be
able
to
win
the
game.
我将要能够赢下比赛。
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