(共28张PPT)
人教版
九年级
九年级中考英语总复习
情态动词
Language
points
一、情态动词的定义
情态动词(Modal
verb)本身有一定的词义,表示语气的单词。但是不能独立作谓语,只能和动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词用在行为动词前,表示说话人对这一动作或状态的看法,多用来表达能力、意愿、义务、许可,还可以表示推测。常见的情态动词有:
情态动词
复合情态动词
may可能、也许
might可能、也许
have
to必须
be
able
to
能够
can能、可以
could能、可以
would
rather
宁愿
be
going
to
打算
will将、愿意
would将、愿意
be
supposed
to
应当
be
about
to
马上
shall将要、应该
should应该
had
better
最好
be
likely
to
可能
must必须、应当
ought
to
应当
used
to过去常常
be
to将要
dare
敢
need必须
happen
to
碰巧
may
as
well
最好
Language
points
二、情态动词的用法
1、can/could
①
can表示一种能力或许可,表示能力时一般译为“能;会”,尤指生下来就具备的能力。
eg:A
robot
can
play
the
piano.
(can表示现在和将来一种能力)
机器人会弹钢琴。
He
could
run
fast
when
he
was
a
child.当他是孩子时,就跑得很快。
(could是can的过去式,表示过去的能力)
You
can
use
my
car
tomorrow.
(can表示许可)
明天你可以用我的车。
Could/Can
I
use
your
bike
tomorrow?
明天我能用一下你的自行车吗?
(could在征求对方的许可,此时的could不再是can的过去式,只是让语气委婉)
Language
points
补充:can/could表示能力时,可用be
able
to代替。can只有现在式和过去式,而be
able
to可以用于各种时态。
eg:I
can
(=am
able
to)
use
the
microwave
oven.
我会用微波炉。
She
could
(=was
able
to)
open
the
door
when
she
was
four
years
old.
她四岁时能开门。
He
has
been
able
to
do
online
shopping
on
the
Internet.
(现在完成时)
他已经可以在网上购物了。
Perhaps
people
will
be
able
to
live
on
the
moon
in
the
future.
(将来时)
也许将来人们能在月球上生活。
Language
points
②
can的否定句
can/could的否定式是can/could+not,
—般写成cannot,缩写为can't/couldn't,译为“不会;不能;不可能”。
eg:She
can't
play
basketball.
她不会打篮球。
He
can't
be
a
bad
man.
他不可能是坏人。
(can表示怀疑或不肯定时,用于否定句及疑问句中)
He
couldn’t
be
a
bad
man.
他不大可能是坏人。
(could有时只表示怀疑、推测程度,不表示时态)
Language
points
③
can的疑问句
疑问句型:Can+主语+动词原形+……?
……可以/会/能……吗?)
肯定回答:Yes,
…can.
是的,…可以/会/能。)
否定回答:No,…can't.
不,…不可以/不会/不能。
eg:-Can
you
play
the
piano?(你会弹钢琴吗?)
-Yes,I
can.是的,我会。
/No,I
can't.不,我不会。
Can
I
join
the
team?
我可以加入这个团队吗?
Could
they
win
the
game?
他们可能赢这场比赛吗?
-Yes,
they
can.是的,他们会。
/No,
they
can't.
不,他们不会。
Language
points
2、will/would
will/would即可作情态动词又可作助动词,作助动词时,用来构成将来时。作情态动词时,表示自愿做或主动提出做某事,表示一种意愿、许可,可用于各种人称。would是will的过去式。
eg:I
will
not
argue
with
you.
(will表示现在或将来的意愿)
我不愿意与你争吵。
Will
you
eat
dinner
with
me
tomorrow,
Tom?
(will表示说话人征求对方的许可)
汤姆,明天你和我一起吃饭,好吗?
Jane
said
she
would
not
go
with
Tom,
for
she
didn't
like
him.
(would表示过去的意愿)简说她不愿和汤姆一起去,因为她不喜欢他。
Would
you
mind
my
opening
the
door?(would不表达过去,只让语气委婉,征求对方许可)
你介意我去开门吗?
Language
points
3、may/might
①
may表示一种许可,译为“可以”。may的过去式为might,一般用于肯定句。
eg:You
may
go
now.
你可以走了。(may表示现在得到的许可)
She
said
we
might
go.
她说我们可以走了。(might表示过去的许可)
May/Might
I
borrow
your
book?
我能借你的书吗?
(might不再表达过去,只是让语气委婉。)
②
may的否定式
may的否定式是may
not,也可以表示“不可以”,但单独使用的情况并不多,大多数情况下用于回答疑问句。
eg:-May
I
come
in?
我可以进来吗?
-No,you
may
not.=No,you
mustn't.
不,你不可以进来。
Language
points
③
may的疑问句
疑问句型:May+主语+动词原形+……?
……可以……吗?
肯定回答:Yes,
…may./Sure./Certainly.
是的,可以。
否定回答:No,
…may
not.
不,…不可以。
No,
…mustn't.(不,…绝对不可以。)
eg:-May
I
turn
on
the
light?
我可以开灯吗?
-Yes,you
may./Yes,please./Certainly./Sure.
是的,可以。/可以,请打开。/当然可以。/可以。
-No,you
may
not./I
don't
think
you
can.
不,不行。/我想不行。
-May/Might
I
watch
TV?
我可以看电视吗?
-Yes,sure.
当然可以。/
No,you
mustn't
不,绝对不行。
(口气坚决用mustn't)
补充:May……?
句型还有下列回答方式:
肯定回答:Yes,of
course.是的,当然可以了。
Yes,certainly.是的,当然可以了。/Sure.当然。
否定回答:No,you
must
not.
不,不行。(具有强烈禁止的意味)
No,you
can’t
不,不行。(口语中多采用此句型)
Language
points
4、shall/should
shall表示一种义务责任,许可等,意为“必须,一定,应该”。而should只表示一种义务责任。shall的过去式为should
eg:You
shall
leave
the
city
at
once.
你应该马上离开这座城市。
(shall表示义务)
Shall
we
go
now?
我们现在可以走了吗?
(shall征求别人的许可)
◆
Shall陈述句中只接第二、第三人称,疑问句中只接第一、第三人称。
eg:He
said
we
should
protect
animals.
他说我们应该保护动物。
(should表示过去的义务)
We
should
protect
wild
animals.我们应当保护野生动物。
(should
表示现在和将来的义务)
Language
points
5、must/ought
to
①
must只表示某一动作的义务,译为“必须;应该;禁止”。ought
to与should类似,表示“应该”,常可以互换。
eg:You
must
climb
mountains
with
a
partner.
(must表示义务)
你必须和一位搭档一块儿爬山。
You
must
not
smoke
in
the
office.
禁止在办公室抽烟。
(must
not表示禁止)
Drivers
ought
to
follow
the
traffic
rules.
司机应该遵守交通规则。
(ought
to表示义务)
②
must的否定句
must的否定句是must
not,缩写为mustn't,译为“不可以;禁止”,表示强烈的语气。
eg:You
mustn't
smoke
here.It's
too
dangerous.
太危险了,你绝不能在这儿吸烟。
They
mustn't
take
any
book
out
of
the
room.
他们不可以从房间里拿走任何书。
Language
points
③
疑问句
must疑问句型:Must+主语+动词原形+……?
……必须……吗?
肯定回答:Yes,
…must.
是,必须…
否定回答:No,
…needn't./
…don't
have
to.
不,不必了。
eg:-Must
I
give
the
baby
a
bath
now?
我现在必须给这个婴儿洗澡吗?
-Yes,you
must.
是的,你必须。
-No,you
needn't./No,you
don't
have
to.
不,不必了。
(注意不能用mustn't)
Language
points
◆
must和have
to的区别
must侧重于个人意愿和主观上的必要,have
to侧重于客观上的必要。must只有一种形式,而have
to则有较多的形式,可用于各种时态。
eg:I
know
I
must
study
hard.
我知道我必须努力学习。
(句中强调个人意愿,应该用must)
The
last
bus
has
gone.We
have
to
take
a
taxi.
(句中表示客观情况,应该用have
to)
末班车已经走了,我们只能乘出租车了。
My
brother
was
badly
ill,
so
I
had
to
call
the
doctor
in
the
middle
of
the
night.(一般过去时)我弟弟病得很厉害,我只得半夜里把医生请来。
I
haven't
got
any
money
with
me,
so
I’ll
have
to
borrow
some
from
my
friend.(一般将来时)我身上没有钱,只好向朋友借点儿了。
Language
points
6、dare/need
need与dare即可做情态动词又可做实义动词。need表示“需要”或“必须”,作情态动词时,仅用于否定句或疑问句中。Dare作情态动词时,主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中,一般不用在肯定句中。
eg:I
dare
not
tell
him
the
truth.
我不敢告诉他真相。
Dare
you
say
that
to
the
boss?
你敢对老板说那件事吗?
You
need
not
return
the
book
to
me.
你不必把书还给我。
Language
points
三、情态动词表示推测
推测现在(肯定/否定)
推测过去(肯定/否定)
推测将来
can/can't
could/couldn't
can
could/couldn't
can
could
will
would
will
would
will
would
may/may
not
might/might
not
may/may
not
might/might
not
may
might
shall
should
shall
should
shall
should
must
ought
to
must
ought
to
must
ought
to
dare
need
dare
need
dare
need
Language
points
①
当表示对现在状态、动作的推测时,一般用can/could,
may/might,
must+动词原形。
它们都可表示对发生或存在的事情的推测。这里could和might不是过去时,推测的语气不如can,may强;must表示推测时语气最强,意为“肯定,断定”。
may/might表示“有可能;大概”,might的语气比may要弱,相当于perhaps;can/could表示“或许”,其可能性比may/might要小,相当于possibly;must的可能性最强,语气较肯定。
Language
points
eg:Why
didn't
Mike
come
to
class
today?
He
is
ill.(客观事实的描述,100%的确定发生)
迈克今天为什么没来上课?他病了。
She
isn't
answering
the
phone.
She
must
be
out.(语气较肯定,有90%的把握)
她没接电话。她肯定是出去了。
Why
didn't
Mike
come
to
class?
He
may/might/could
be
sick.(语气较弱,有50%的把握)
迈克为什么没来上课?他可能生病了。
There
are
many
dark
clouds
in
the
sky.
It
can
rain.(can表示理论上的推测,但未必发生)
天空中有许多乌云。可能会下雨。
School
is
over.
Mike
can't/couldn't
be
in
the
classroom.(否定推测,有90%的把握)
学校放学了,迈克不可能在教室。
School
is
over.
Mike
may
not/might
not
be
in
the
classroom.
(否定推测,有50%的把握)
放学了。迈克可能不在教室里。
Language
points
②
当表示对过去的状态、动作的推测时,could/must/may/might可用在肯定句中表示肯定的推测,一般用“could/must/may/might+have
done(现在完成时)”表示。
eg:Why
didn't
Mike
come
to
class?
He
was
sick.(过去事实,100%的确定发生)
迈克为什么没来上课?他病了。
The
road
is
wet.
It
must
have
rained
last
night.
(过去推测,有90%的把握)
路是湿的,昨天晚上肯定下雨了。
Why
didn't
Mike
come
to
class?
He
may/might/could
have
been
sick.
迈克为什么没来上课?他可能病了。(有50%的把握)
There
isn't
any
water
on
the
road.
It
can't/couldn't
have
rained
last
night.
路上一滴水都没有,昨天夜里不可能下雨了。(过去否定推测,90%的把握)
He
may
not/might
not
have
been
sick.
(过去否定推测,有50%的把握)
他也许不是病了。
Language
points
③
当表示对将来状态、动作的推测时,一般用can/could,
will,
may/might,
should/ought
to+动词原形。
eg:We
will
win
the
football
match
tomorrow.(will的语气最强,近乎客观事实)
明天的足球比赛我们会赢。
We
should/ought
to
win
the
football
match
tomorrow.
明天的足球比赛我们应该会赢。(将来推测,有90%的把握)
We
can/could/may/might
to
win
the
football
match
tomorrow.
明天的足球比赛我们可能会赢。(将来推测,50%的把握)
Language
points
四、复合情态动词
复合情态动词又叫“半助动词”,所谓“半助动词”就是指整个短语可以当作情态动词看。例如:在He
might
be
able
to
speak
French.中,其情态动词由might和be
able
to两个情态动词组合而成
(比较:在He
can
speak
French.和He
is
able
to
speak
French.中,情态动词分别只包括一个情态单词和一个情态短语,都是简单情态动词)。常见的复合情态动词有:
复合情态动词
have
to必须
be
able
to
能够
would
rather
宁愿
be
going
to
打算
be
supposed
to
应当
be
about
to
马上
had
better
最好
be
likely
to
可能
used
to过去常常
be
to将要
happen
to
碰巧
may
as
well
最好
Language
points
eg:You
had
better
go
to
the
hospital
for
examination.
你最好去医院检查一下。
I
would
rather
read
than
write.
我宁愿读也不写。
The
movie
is
about
to
begin.
电影就要开始了。
My
mother
is
ill
and
I
have
to
take
care
of
her.
妈妈生病了,我不得不照顾她。
I
used
to
go
to
school
by
bike,
but
now
I
am
used
to
walking.
我过去骑自行车上学,现在习惯走路上学。
You
may
as
well
do
it
right
away.
你不妨马上做。
You
are
supposed
to
arrive
on
time.
你应当按时到达。
If
you
happen
to
meet
your
friend,
give
him
this
book.
如果你碰巧遇到你的朋友给他这本书。
They
are
to
play
football
On
the
school
basketball
court.
他们将在学校的篮球场上踢足球。
I
am
able
to
speak
English.
我能说英语。
I
am
going
to
visit
my
grandparents
this
weekend.
这个周末我要去看望我的祖父母。
Language
points
五、易混情态动词辨析
1、can与may表示可能性时
★
肯定句中用may表可能。
eg:You'd
better
ask
the
police.
He
may
know.
你最好去问警察。他可能知道。
★
在否定句中,若语气肯定,表示“不可能”时用can’t;若语气不肯定,表示“可能不”时用
may
not。
eg:Mr.
Li
can't
be
in.
He
has
gone
to
Beijing
.
李先生不可能在家,他去北京了。
Language
points
2、can't和mustn't
表示否定推测时应用can’t,mustn't意为“禁止,不允许”,不用来表推测,在肯定句中可用must表推测,意为“一定”。
eg:School
is
over.
Mike
can't/couldn't
be
in
the
classroom.
学校放学了,迈克不可能在教室。(否定推测,有90%的把握)
You
mustn't
smoke
here.It's
too
dangerous.
太危险了,你绝不能在这儿吸烟。(不表推测)
She
isn't
answering
the
phone.
She
must
be
out.
她没接电话。她肯定是出去了。(语气较肯定,有90%的把握)
Language
points
3、may
be
和
maybe
may
be中的may为情态动词,后加动词原形be,在句中作谓语;maybe为副词,意为“大概,也许”,相当于perhaps,常放在句首,作状语。
eg:Maybe
she
is
right.
或许她是对的。(副词)
She
may
be
right.
她也许是对的。(情态动词)
I
go
to
the
movies
maybe
once
a
month.
我大概一个月去看一次电影。(副词)
Language
points
4、can
和
be
able
to
can表示“能力;许可”,只用于一般现在时和一般过去时,而be
able
to表示“经过努力而能够做某事”,可用于多种时态。
eg:I
can/could
swim.
我会游泳。
I
shall
not
be
able
to
come
again
today.
我今天可能不会再来了。
John
could
run
fast
and
was
a
good
athlete.
约翰能跑得很快且曾经是个很棒的运动员。
He
didn't
agree
with
me
at
first,
but
I
was
able
to
persuade
him
to
sign
the
agreement
later.
始他不同意我的观点,但后来我终于能够说服他签了协议。
Language
points
5、must
和
have
to
must表示说话人的主观看法,认为有必要或有义务去做某事,没有人称和数的变化。have
to表示客观需要,有人称、数和时态的变化;其否定形式为:don't/doesn't/didn't
have
to“不必"。
eg:I
know
I
must
study
hard.
我知道我必须努力学习。
(句中强调个人意愿,应该用must)
The
last
bus
has
gone.We
have
to
take
a
taxi.
(句中表示客观情况,应该用have
to)
末班车已经走了,我们只能乘出租车了。
My
brother
was
badly
ill,
so
I
had
to
call
the
doctor
in
the
middle
of
the
night.我弟弟病得很厉害,我只得半夜里把医生请来。(一般过去时)
I
haven't
got
any
money
with
me,
so
I’ll
have
to
borrow
some
from
my
friend.
我身上没有钱,只好向朋友借点儿了。(一般将来时)
https://www.21cnjy.com/help/help_extract.php中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
人教版九年级中考英语总复习语法专题
情态动词讲义
一、情态动词的定义
情态动词(Modal
verb)本身有一定的词义,表示语气的单词。但是不能独立作谓语,只能和动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词用在行为动词前,表示说话人对这一动作或状态的看法,多用来表达能力、意愿、义务、许可,还可以表示推测。常见的情态动词有:
情态动词
复合情态动词
may可能、也许
might可能、也许
have
to必须
be
able
to
能够
can能、可以
could能、可以
would
rather
宁愿
be
going
to
打算
will将、愿意
would将、愿意
be
supposed
to
应当
be
about
to
马上
shall将要、应该
should应该
had
better
最好
be
likely
to
可能
must必须、应当
ought
to
应当
used
to过去常常
be
to将要
dare
敢
need必须
happen
to
碰巧
may
as
well
最好
二、情态动词的用法
1、can/could
①
can表示一种能力或许可,表示能力时一般译为“能;会”,尤指生下来就具备的能力。
eg:A
robot
can
play
the
piano.
(can表示现在和将来一种能力)
机器人会弹钢琴。
He
could
run
fast
when
he
was
a
child.(could是can的过去式,表示过去的能力)
当他是孩子时,就跑得很快。
You
can
use
my
car
tomorrow.
(can表示许可)
明天你可以用我的车。
Could/Can
I
use
your
bike
tomorrow?
明天我能用一下你的自行车吗?
(could在征求对方的许可,此时的could不再是can的过去式,只是让语气委婉)
补充:can/could表示能力时,可用be
able
to代替。can只有现在式和过去式,而be
able
to可以用于各种时态。
eg:I
can
(=am
able
to)
use
the
microwave
oven.
我会用微波炉。
She
could
(=was
able
to)
open
the
door
when
she
was
four
years
old.
她四岁时能开门。
He
has
been
able
to
do
online
shopping
on
the
Internet.
(现在完成时)
他已经可以在网上购物了。
Perhaps
people
will
be
able
to
live
on
the
moon
in
the
future.
(将来时)
也许将来人们能在月球上生活。
②
can的否定句
can/could的否定式是can/could+not,
—般写成cannot,缩写为can't/couldn't,译为“不会;不能;不可能”。
eg:She
can't
play
basketball.
她不会打篮球。
He
can't
be
a
bad
man.
他不可能是坏人。
(can表示怀疑或不肯定时,用于否定句及疑问句中)
He
couldn’t
be
a
bad
man.
他不大可能是坏人。
(could有时只表示怀疑、推测程度,不表示时态)
③
can的疑问句
疑问句型:Can+主语+动词原形+……?
……可以/会/能……吗?)
肯定回答:Yes,
…can.
是的,…可以/会/能。)
否定回答:No,…can't.
不,…不可以/不会/不能。
eg:-Can
you
play
the
piano?(你会弹钢琴吗?)
-Yes,I
can.是的,我会。
/No,I
can't.不,我不会。
Can
I
join
the
team?
我可以加入这个团队吗?
Could
they
win
the
game?
他们可能赢这场比赛吗?
-Yes,
they
can.是的,他们会。
/No,
they
can't.
不,他们不会。(委婉回答)
2、will/would
will/would即可作情态动词又可作助动词,作助动词时,用来构成将来时。作情态动词时,表示自愿做或主动提出做某事,表示一种意愿、许可,可用于各种人称。would是will的过去式。
eg:I
will
not
argue
with
you.
(will表示现在或将来的意愿)
我不愿意与你争吵。
Will
you
eat
dinner
with
me
tomorrow,
Tom?
(will表示说话人征求对方的许可)
汤姆,明天你和我一起吃饭,好吗?
Jane
said
she
would
not
go
with
Tom,
for
she
didn't
like
him.
(would表示过去的意愿)
简说她不愿和汤姆一起去,因为她不喜欢他。
Would
you
mind
my
opening
the
door?(would不表达过去,只让语气委婉,征求对方许可)
你介意我去开门吗?
3、may/might
①
may表示一种许可,译为“可以”。may的过去式为might,一般用于肯定句。
eg:You
may
go
now.
你可以走了。(may表示现在得到的许可)
She
said
we
might
go.
她说我们可以走了。(might表示过去的许可)
May/Might
I
borrow
your
book?(might不再表达过去,只是让语气委婉。)
我能借你的书吗?
②
may的否定式
may的否定式是may
not,也可以表示“不可以”,但单独使用的情况并不多,大多数情况下用于回答疑问句。
eg:-May
I
come
in?
我可以进来吗?
-No,you
may
not.=No,you
mustn't.
不,你不可以进来。
③
may的疑问句
疑问句型:May+主语+动词原形+……?
……可以……吗?
肯定回答:Yes,
…may./Sure./Certainly.
是的,可以。
否定回答:No,
…may
not.
不,…不可以。/No,
…mustn't.(不,…绝对不可以。)
eg:-May
I
turn
on
the
light?
我可以开灯吗?
-Yes,you
may./Yes,please./Certainly./Sure.
是的,可以。/可以,请打开。/当然可以。/可以。
-No,you
may
not./I
don't
think
you
can.
不,不行。/我想不行。
-May/Might
I
watch
TV?
我可以看电视吗?
-Yes,sure.
当然可以。/
No,you
mustn't
不,绝对不行。(口气坚决用mustn't)
补充:May……?
句型还有下列回答方式:
肯定回答:Yes,of
course.是的,当然可以了。/Yes,certainly.是的,当然可以了。/Sure.当然。
否定回答:No,you
must
not.
不,不行。(具有强烈禁止的意味)
No,you
can’t
不,不行。(口语中多采用此句型)
4、shall/should
shall表示一种义务责任,许可等,意为“必须,一定,应该”。而should只表示一种义务责任。shall的过去式为should
eg:You
shall
leave
the
city
at
once.
你应该马上离开这座城市。
(shall表示义务)
Shall
we
go
now?
我们现在可以走了吗?
(shall征求别人的许可)
◆
Shall陈述句中只接第二、第三人称,疑问句中只接第一、第三人称。
eg:He
said
we
should
protect
animals.
他说我们应该保护动物。(should表示过去的义务)
We
should
protect
wild
animals.我们应当保护野生动物。(should表示现在和将来的义务)
5、must/ought
to
①
must只表示某一动作的义务,译为“必须;应该;禁止”。ought
to与should类似,表示“应该”,常可以互换。
eg:You
must
climb
mountains
with
a
partner.
(must表示义务)
你必须和一位搭档一块儿爬山。
You
must
not
smoke
in
the
office.
禁止在办公室抽烟。(must
not表示禁止)
Drivers
ought
to
follow
the
traffic
rules.
司机应该遵守交通规则。(ought
to表示义务)
②
must的否定句
must的否定句是must
not,缩写为mustn't,译为“不可以;禁止”,表示强烈的语气。
eg:You
mustn't
smoke
here.It's
too
dangerous.
太危险了,你绝不能在这儿吸烟。
They
mustn't
take
any
book
out
of
the
room.
他们不可以从房间里拿走任何书。
③
疑问句
must疑问句型:Must+主语+动词原形+……?
……必须……吗?
肯定回答:Yes,
…must.
是,必须…
否定回答:No,
…needn't./
…don't
have
to.
不,不必了。
eg:-Must
I
give
the
baby
a
bath
now?
我现在必须给这个婴儿洗澡吗?
-Yes,you
must.
是的,你必须。
-No,you
needn't./No,you
don't
have
to.
不,不必了。(注意不能用mustn't)
◆
must和have
to的区别
must侧重于个人意愿和主观上的必要,have
to侧重于客观上的必要。must只有一种形式,而have
to则有较多的形式,可用于各种时态。
eg:I
know
I
must
study
hard.
我知道我必须努力学习。(句中强调个人意愿,应该用must)
The
last
bus
has
gone.We
have
to
take
a
taxi.(句中表示客观情况,应该用have
to)
末班车已经走了,我们只能乘出租车了。
My
brother
was
badly
ill,
so
I
had
to
call
the
doctor
in
the
middle
of
the
night.(一般过去时)
我弟弟病得很厉害,我只得半夜里把医生请来。
I
haven't
got
any
money
with
me,
so
I’ll
have
to
borrow
some
from
my
friend.(一般将来时)
我身上没有钱,只好向朋友借点儿了。
6、dare/need
need与dare即可做情态动词又可做实义动词。need表示“需要”或“必须”,作情态动词时,仅用于否定句或疑问句中。Dare作情态动词时,主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中,一般不用在肯定句中。
eg:I
dare
not
tell
him
the
truth.
我不敢告诉他真相。
Dare
you
say
that
to
the
boss?
你敢对老板说那件事吗?
You
need
not
return
the
book
to
me.
你不必把书还给我。
三、情态动词表示推测
推测现在(肯定/否定)
推测过去(肯定/否定)
推测将来
can/can't
could/couldn't
can
could/couldn't
can
could
will
would
will
would
will
would
may/may
not
might/might
not
may/may
not
might/might
not
may
might
shall
should
shall
should
shall
should
must
ought
to
must
ought
to
must
ought
to
dare
need
dare
need
dare
need
①
当表示对现在状态、动作的推测时,一般用can/could,
may/might,
must+动词原形。
它们都可表示对发生或存在的事情的推测。这里could和might不是过去时,推测的语气不如can,may强;must表示推测时语气最强,意为“肯定,断定”。
may/might表示“有可能;大概”,might的语气比may要弱,相当于perhaps;can/could表示“或许”,其可能性比may/might要小,相当于possibly;must的可能性最强,语气较肯定。
eg:Why
didn't
Mike
come
to
class
today?
He
is
ill.(客观事实的描述,100%的确定发生)
迈克今天为什么没来上课?他病了。
She
isn't
answering
the
phone.
She
must
be
out.(语气较肯定,有90%的把握)
她没接电话。她肯定是出去了。
Why
didn't
Mike
come
to
class?
He
may/might/could
be
sick.(语气较弱,有50%的把握)
迈克为什么没来上课?他可能生病了。
There
are
many
dark
clouds
in
the
sky.
It
can
rain.(can表示理论上的推测,但未必发生)
天空中有许多乌云。可能会下雨。
School
is
over.
Mike
can't/couldn't
be
in
the
classroom.(否定推测,有90%的把握)
学校放学了,迈克不可能在教室。
School
is
over.
Mike
may
not/might
not
be
in
the
classroom.
(否定推测,有50%的把握)
放学了。迈克可能不在教室里。
②
当表示对过去的状态、动作的推测时,could/must/may/might可用在肯定句中表示肯定的推测,一般用“could/must/may/might+have
done(现在完成时)”表示。
eg:Why
didn't
Mike
come
to
class?
He
was
sick.(过去事实,100%的确定发生)
迈克为什么没来上课?他病了。
The
road
is
wet.
It
must
have
rained
last
night.
(过去推测,有90%的把握)
路是湿的,昨天晚上肯定下雨了。
Why
didn't
Mike
come
to
class?
He
may/might/could
have
been
sick.
(有50%的把握)
迈克为什么没来上课?他可能病了。
There
isn't
any
water
on
the
road.
It
can't/couldn't
have
rained
last
night.(过去否定推测,90%的把握)
路上一滴水都没有,昨天夜里不可能下雨了。
He
may
not/might
not
have
been
sick.
(过去否定推测,有50%的把握)
他也许不是病了。
③
当表示对将来状态、动作的推测时,一般用can/could,
will,
may/might,
should/ought
to+动词原形。
eg:We
will
win
the
football
match
tomorrow.(will的语气最强,近乎客观事实)
明天的足球比赛我们会赢。
We
should/ought
to
win
the
football
match
tomorrow.(将来推测,有90%的把握)
明天的足球比赛我们应该会赢。
We
can/could/may/might
to
win
the
football
match
tomorrow.(将来推测,50%的把握)
明天的足球比赛我们可能会赢。
四、复合情态动词
复合情态动词又叫“半助动词”,所谓“半助动词”就是指整个短语可以当作情态动词看。例如:在He
might
be
able
to
speak
French.中,其情态动词由might和be
able
to两个情态动词组合而成
(比较:在He
can
speak
French.和He
is
able
to
speak
French.中,情态动词分别只包括一个情态单词和一个情态短语,都是简单情态动词)。常见的复合情态动词有:
复合情态动词
have
to必须
be
able
to
能够
would
rather
宁愿
be
going
to
打算
be
supposed
to
应当
be
about
to
马上
had
better
最好
be
likely
to
可能
used
to过去常常
be
to将要
happen
to
碰巧
may
as
well
最好
eg:You
had
better
go
to
the
hospital
for
examination.
你最好去医院检查一下。
I
would
rather
read
than
write.
我宁愿读也不写。
The
movie
is
about
to
begin.
电影就要开始了。
My
mother
is
ill
and
I
have
to
take
care
of
her.
妈妈生病了,我不得不照顾她。
I
used
to
go
to
school
by
bike,
but
now
I
am
used
to
walking.
我过去骑自行车上学,现在习惯走路上学。
You
may
as
well
do
it
right
away.
你不妨马上做。
You
are
supposed
to
arrive
on
time.
你应当按时到达。
If
you
happen
to
meet
your
friend,
give
him
this
book.
如果你碰巧遇到你的朋友给他这本书。
They
are
to
play
football
On
the
school
basketball
court.他们将在学校的篮球场上踢足球。
I
am
able
to
speak
English.
我能说英语。
I
am
going
to
visit
my
grandparents
this
weekend.
这个周末我要去看望我的祖父母。
五、易混情态动词辨析
1、can与may表示可能性时
★
肯定句中用may表可能。
eg:You'd
better
ask
the
police.
He
may
know.
你最好去问警察。他可能知道。
★
在否定句中,若语气肯定,表示“不可能”时用can’t;若语气不肯定,表示“可能不”时用
may
not。
eg:Mr.
Li
can't
be
in.
He
has
gone
to
Beijing
.李先生不可能在家,他去北京了。
2、can't和mustn't
表示否定推测时应用can’t,mustn't意为“禁止,不允许”,不用来表推测,在肯定句中可用must表推测,意为“一定”。
eg:School
is
over.
Mike
can't/couldn't
be
in
the
classroom.(否定推测,有90%的把握)
学校放学了,迈克不可能在教室。
You
mustn't
smoke
here.It's
too
dangerous.
太危险了,你绝不能在这儿吸烟。(不表推测)
She
isn't
answering
the
phone.
She
must
be
out.(语气较肯定,有90%的把握)
她没接电话。她肯定是出去了。
3、may
be
和
maybe
may
be中的may为情态动词,后加动词原形be,在句中作谓语;maybe为副词,意为“大概,也许”,相当于perhaps,常放在句首,作状语。
eg:Maybe
she
is
right.
或许她是对的。(副词)
She
may
be
right.
她也许是对的。(情态动词)
I
go
to
the
movies
maybe
once
a
month.
我大概一个月去看一次电影。(副词)
4、can
和
be
able
to
can表示“能力;许可”,只用于一般现在时和一般过去时,而be
able
to表示“经过努力而能够做某事”,可用于多种时态。
?
can只能用于现在时态和过去时态;be
able
to可用于各种时态。
eg:I
can/could
swim.
我会游泳。
I
shall
not
be
able
to
come
again
today.
我今天可能不会再来了。
?
过去式could表示过去的“能力”“潜力”和“可能性”。
eg:John
could
run
fast
and
was
a
good
athlete.
约翰能跑得很快且曾经是个很棒的运动员。
?
过去式was/were
able
to不能单纯地表示过去的“能力”“潜力”和“可能性”,只能表示“能力”和“成功地做了某事”,而且更加侧重后者。
eg:He
didn't
agree
with
me
at
first,
but
I
was
able
to
persuade
him
to
sign
the
agreement
later.
始他不同意我的观点,但后来我终于能够说服他签了协议。
5、must
和
have
to
must表示说话人的主观看法,认为有必要或有义务去做某事,没有人称和数的变化。have
to表示客观需要,有人称、数和时态的变化;其否定形式为:don't/doesn't/didn't
have
to“不必"。
eg:I
know
I
must
study
hard.
我知道我必须努力学习。(句中强调个人意愿,应该用must)
The
last
bus
has
gone.We
have
to
take
a
taxi.(句中表示客观情况,应该用have
to)
末班车已经走了,我们只能乘出租车了。
My
brother
was
badly
ill,
so
I
had
to
call
the
doctor
in
the
middle
of
the
night.(一般过去时)
我弟弟病得很厉害,我只得半夜里把医生请来。
I
haven't
got
any
money
with
me,
so
I’ll
have
to
borrow
some
from
my
friend.(一般将来时)
我身上没有钱,只好向朋友借点儿了。
6、其他比较
?
当表示请求许可时,can不如may正式。
eg:Can
I
take
your
digital
camera?
May
I
take
your
digital
camera?(我可以用你的数码相机吗?)(比较正式的用法)
?
当表示请求许可时,could比can更加客气,此时,could不表示过去时,只是使语气更加婉转。
eg:Could/Can
I
go
to
the
Ocean
Park
tomorrow,Mum?
妈妈,明天我可以去海洋公园吗?
Could/Can
we
listen
to
music
in
the
music
room?
我们可以在音乐室听音乐吗?
?
与can和could
—样,有时为了使语气更加婉转一些,在疑问句中用might代替may,此时
might不是过去式。
eg:-May/Might
I
ask
a
question
now?
我现在可以问个问题吗?
-No,
you
may
not./No,you'd
better
not.
不可以。/不,你现在最好别问。
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