(共41张PPT)
中考英语复习语法专题
奔放如形–
定语从句
通用版
2021
2021年3月
目录
CONTENTS
基本概念
A
先行词
B
关系代词
C
关系副词
D
疑难点
E
佳句赏析
Laughter
is
the
sun
that
drives
winter
from
the
human
face.
Don’t
trust
the
first
sign
that
you
see.
Nothing
is
impossible
to
the
man
who
has
will.
God
helps
those
who
help
themselves.
基本概念
PART
01
定语从句、分类
01
定语从句的理解
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
This
is
the
present
that
he
gave
me
for
my
birthday.
Do
you
know
everybody
who
came
to
the
party?
定语从句的分类
一：限制性定语从句
先行词与关系代词之间无逗号分隔，相当于一个后置定语，如：
They
are
the
boys
who
you
like
to
play
with.
二：非限制性定语从句
定语从句前有逗号分隔，主要起补充说明作用，如：
Mr.
Brown
has
a
son,
who
joined
the
army
3
years
ago.
（非限制性定语从句属中考了解内容）
定语从句的理解
被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词，定语从句必须放在先行词之后。
This
is
the
second
book
that
I
can
find.
先行词
PART
02
被修饰对象
02
定语从句的关系词
定语从句的关系词主要分类两类：
关系代词和关系副词。
Do
you
know
the
man
who
you
just
spoke
to?
He
came
at
a
time
when
we
needed
help.
对关系词的理解
定语从句中的关系词：一方面代表（主句中）先行词的意义，另一方面（在从句中）做一定的句子成分。
The
teacher
who
won
the
prize
is
really
good.
who是关系词：在意义上指的是(主句the
teacher
is
really
good)
the
teacher，在形式上是从句“who
won
the
prize”中的主语。
关系代词
PART
03
让主句与从句产生关系
03
who
指人
Whom
指人（宾格）
whose
指“…的”
which
指物
That
指人或物
常用的关系代词
关系代词who：who用于代替“表示人的意义”的先行词，在从句中作主语或宾语。
I
have
no
idea
about
the
man
who
wrote
the
article.
Do
you
know
the
man
who
you
just
spoke
to?
关系代词whom：只做宾语。
Do
you
know
the
man
whom
you
just
spoke
to?
常用的关系代词
whose
：用于代替"表示人或物意义"的先行词，在从句中作定语，往往与它所修饰的名词一起构成一个名词短语在从句中担当成分。Whose常表达"某人的、某物的"之意。例如：
Do
you
know
the
name
of
that
girl
whose
brother
is
your
roommate?
Water
whose
boiling
point
is
at
100
degree
Centigrade
has
no
color,
no
flavor.
常用的关系代词
关系代词which:
用于代替"表示事物意义"的先行词，在从句中作主语、宾语。例如：
Views
which
are
entirely
new
or
foreign
may
also
be
hard
to
accept.
(做主语)
那些全新的或是来自国外的观点或许也很难被接受。
I've
got
a
novel
which
you
may
like
to
read.
我有一本你或许想看的小说。(做动词read的宾语)
常用的关系代词
关系代词that：
既用于代替“表示人的意义”的先行词，也用于代替“表示事物意义”的先行词；在从句中既可以作主语，也可以作谓语动词的宾语，但是不能作介词的宾语。
在一定范围内，that
=
who
/
whom
/
which
。
He
is
the
man
who/that
won
the
first
prize.
常用的关系代词
定语从句中作宾语的关系代词可以省略;如果关系代词在定语从句中作宾语可以省略。例如：
This
is
the
book
(
which
)
you
were
looking
for
yesterday.
I
don't
like
the
novel
(
that
)
you
are
reading.
关系代词的省略
定语从句中，关系代词的单复数取决于先行词的单复数。例如：
This
is
the
magazine
which
was
sent
to
me
by
post.
Those
who
are
in
their
forties
are
required
to
have
a
physical
examination
this
afternoon.
关系代词的单复数
先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which。
He
was
the
first
person
that
passed
the
exam.
关系代词只用that的情况
被修饰的先行词为all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，the
one等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which。
Is
there
anything
that
you
want
to
buy
in
the
shop？
关系代词只用that的情况
先行词被the
only，the
very，the
same，the
last，little，few
等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which。
This
is
the
same
bike
that
I
lost.
关系代词只用that的情况
先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that，
而不用which.
I
can
remember
well
the
persons
and
some
pictures
that
I
saw
in
the
room.
关系代词只用that的情况
以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.
Who
is
the
girl
that
is
crying？
主句是there
be
结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.
There
is
a
book
on
the
desk
that
belongs
to
Tom.
关系代词只用that的情况
1）先行词为that，those时，用which，而不用that.
What’s
that
which
is
under
the
desk
2）关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that.
This
is
the
room
in
which
he
lives.
3）引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that.
Tom
came
back，which
made
us
happy.
关系代词只用which的情况
关系副词
PART
04
让主句与从句产生关系
04
关系副词有when，where，why
在定语从句，关系副词
=
介词
+
which
。也就是说，每个关系副词里本身就已经含有了一个介词：when
=
在什么时候，where
=
在什么地方，why
=
为什么原因，等。至于在英文中用哪个具体的介词，就得依具体情况而定了。
常见的关系副词
when
代替表示时间的名词，而这个名词在从句中又与介词构成了短语，在从句中充当状语,
People
will
always
remember
the
time
when
(at
which)
Hong
Kong
returned
to
our
motherland.
He
came
at
a
time
when
(at
which)
we
needed
help.
常见的关系副词
where
代替表示地点的名词，而这个名词在从句中又与介词构成了短语，在从句中充当状语。例如：
The
place
where
(in
which)
we're
to
have
the
Speech
Contest
has
not
been
decided
yet.
He
is
living
in
a
newly-built
house
where
(in
which
place)
there
used
to
be
a
pond.
常见的关系副词
why
代替表示原因的名词，而这个名词在从句中又与介词构成了短语，在从句中充当状语。
He
didn't
tell
her
the
reason
why
he
was
so
happy.
The
reason
why
she
was
late
is
not
acceptable.
常见的关系副词
用关系代词还是关系副词主要取决于它在从句中的句子成分。如果是状语，则用副词；如果是宾语、主语、或物主代词类的定语，则用关系代词。
1.
This
is
the
factory
(which)
I
visited
last
year.
2.
This
is
the
factory
where
I
worked
last
year.
句1中，关系词在从句中作宾语visit的对象，因此需用关系代词；句2中，关系词在句中做状语，表示work的地点，所以使用关系副词。
先行词是时间、地点、原因就一定用关系副词吗？
疑难点
PART
05
非限制性、动词
05
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
形式
紧跟先行词
先行词之间逗号隔开
作用
限定、修饰
补充、说明
先行词
名词、代词
名词、代词、短语、句子
关系词
从句中作宾语可省略
不可省略
翻译方法
放在先行词前
主句后，单独翻译成句
The
old
man
has
a
son
who
is
in
the
army.
那位老人有一个在部队工作的儿子。
限定性定语从句就要对先行词son进行限定、修饰。这样一来，句子所传达的信息就变成了："这位老人有一个儿子在部队工作，还有其他的儿子在干别的工作"。
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
The
old
man
has
a
son,
who
is
in
the
army.
那位老人有一个儿子，他在部队工作。
非限定性定语从句是对先行词son进行补充、说明。但本句所传达的信息是：“这位老人只有一个儿子”
。
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
无论是who,
that
还是which
在定语从句中充当主语，其谓语动词的选择以先行词为准，先行词为单数，则谓语用单数；先行词为复数，则谓语用复数。例如：
No
one
wants
to
read
books
that
are
boring.
The?piece
which?was?played
on
the
erhu
especially
moved
me.
原理：关系词在意义上与先行词一致，此规则符合“意义一致”原则
关系词是主语时的谓语动词单复数？
关系词选择关系代词还是关系副词取决于关系词在从句中的句子成分，代词和副词可作的句子成分不同。
先行词如果是人或物那就是关系代词；
先行词如果是时间地点等，则看除去关系词句子是否完整，完整就用关系副词，不完整就用关系代词。
关系副词=介词+关系代词
关系词选择关系代词还是关系副词？
1.
This
is
the
mountain
village
where
I
stayed
last
year.
2.
This
is
the
mountain
village
which
I
visited
last
year.
上面两个例句关系词不同。先行词是village，表示地点。
句1后面从句除了关系词是I
stayed
last
year.句子是完整的，因此应该选择表示地点的关系副词；
句子2后面从句除了关系词是I
visited
last
year.
句子是不完整（及物动词visited
缺宾语），因此选择关系代词。
关系词选择关系代词还是关系副词？
Beijing
is
the
city
where
I
was
born.
Beijing
is
the
city
that
I
was
born
in.
Beijing
is
the
city
that
I
like
best.
Beijing
is
the
city
which
is
our
capital.
关系词选择关系代词还是关系副词？
https://www.21cnjy.com/help/help_extract.php中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
定语从句练习
【巩固练习】
I．单项选择。
1．Mary
is
a
young
cook
_______
wants
to
improve
school
dinners.
A．who
B．whose
C．whom
D．which
2．
Paul’s
uncle
is
the
man
________
taught
us
English
last
year．
A．where
B．which
C．who
D．when
3.
Is
there
any
student
in
your
class
______
family
is
in
Beijing?
A.
whose
B.
which
C.
that
D.
who
4.
He
took
pictures
and
videos
of
many
things
that
people________.
A.
have
seen
ago
B.
had
seen
ago
C.
have
never
seen
before
D.
had
never
seen
before
5.
Is
this
factory
_______
you
went
to
last
summer?
A.
that
B.
the
one
C.
which
D.
who
6.
The
number
of
the
students
_______
stayed
up
late
last
night
reached
fifty.
A.
who
B.
whom
C.
what
D.
which
7.
The
teacher
_______
we
saw
yesterday
is
Mr
Wang,
a
new
comer.
A.／
B.
where
C.
what
D.
how
8.
It
sounded
like
a
bird
_______
was
flying
over
my
head.
A.
who
B.
how
C.
what
D.
which
9.
We
don't
know
the
name
of
the
fish
______
eat
people
in
the
river
in
South
America.
A.
who
B.
whom
C.
whose
D.
which
10.
On
my
way
home
after
school
yesterday
I
met
a
young
man
______
I
thought
was
your
best
friend
Tom.
A.
whom
B.
what
C.
which
D.
who
11.
Zhang
Lili
is
considered
as
the
most
beautiful
teacher
gave
her
love
to
her
students
in
danger.
A.
who
B.
that
C.
whom
D.
which
12.
The
little
boy
was
wrapping
the
present
______
would
be
sent
to
his
teacher.
A.
who
B.
/
C.
what
D.
that
13.
Success
will
belong
to
those
________never
say
“impossible”.
A.
whom
B.
what
C.
who
D.
which
14.
—
What
are
you
looking
for?
—
I’m
looking
for
the
ring
______my
husband
bought
me
last
year.
A.
that
B.
who
C.
whom
D.
it
15.
This
is
the
primary
school
______
I
studied
three
years
ago.
A.
where
B.
when
C.
that
D.
which
II.
用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空。
1.
The
house
_____
we
live
in
is
very
big.
2.
The
boy
_____
is
playing
football
is
very
clever.
3.
This
is
the
book
_____
he
gave
me
for
my
birthday.
4.
The
man
_____
talked
to
you
just
now
is
an
engineer.
5.
He
talked
about
the
teachers
and
schools
_____
he
had
visited.
6.
There
is
nothing
in
the
world
_____
can
frighten
him.
7.
She
wears
a
gold
ring,
_____
is
very
uncommon
in
our
class.
8.
We
visited
a
factory
_____
makes
toys
for
children.
9.
Is
this
the
place
_____
your
father
once
lived?
10.
I’ll
never
forget
the
days
_____
I
joined
the
League.
【答案与解析】
I．单项选择。
1.
A。句意：Mary是一位想改善学校餐饮的年轻厨师。本题考查定语从句中的关系代词的用法。先行词cook(厨师)指人，故排除D；因为先行词在从句中作主语，故选A。
2.
C。句意：Paul的叔叔是去年教我们英语的那个人。本题考查了定语从句中关系代词的用法。先行词为the
man，且在定语从句中作主语，故用关系代词，排除A、D两项；先行词指人，排除B项。
3.
A。本题的意思为“你们班有家在北京的学生吗？”从句的先行词为student,
所填的词应在定语从句中作
family的定语，
whose指代“那个学生的”，正合题意。
4.
D。that引导的为定语从句，用来修饰它前面的名词，句意为“他拍了一些人们从未看见过的照片和磁带录像。”“从未看见过的”动作发生在“拍照”的动作以前，故应用过去完成时。
5.
B。句意是“这是你们去年夏天去过的那家工厂吗?”解答该题时，如果不注意分析句子的成分很容易误选。此题的主语是this
factory，you
went
to
last
summer是定语从句。但在主句中缺少表语成分。表语the
one后省了关系代词that。引导定语从句的关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，常可省去。因此A，C，D不对。
6.
A。定语从句中缺主语。先行词是the
students，所以关系代词应用who。
7.
A。the
teacher是先行词，在定语从句中省略了saw的宾语whom。
8.D。定语从句中缺主语。先行词不是指人，故答案A不对。B和C均是副词。
9.
D。the
fish是先行词，应由which引导定语从句，故只能选D。
10.
D。who在定语从句中做主语。从句中的I
thought是个插入语。
11.
B。由于先行词teacher被形容词最高级修饰，所以定语从句的引导词只能用that。
12.
D。由于定语从句的先行词是present，所以引导词只能选D答案。
13.
C。考查定语从句的引导词，因为先行词指的是人，所以引导词选择答案C。
14.
A.。定语从句的先行词是物，引导词在定语从句中作宾语，所以选择答案A。
15.A。句意为
“这是我三年前学习的小学”。句中的引导词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以选择答案A。
II.
用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空。
1.
that/
which
2.
who/
that
3.
that/
which
4.
who/
that
5.
that
6.
that
7.
which
8.
which/
that
9.
where
10.
when
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