(共46张PPT)
中考二轮复习
语法篇
介词
1.in,on与at
in
用在世纪、年份、季节、月
份、泛指一天的上午、下午或晚上前
如:in
the
19st
century在19世纪;
in
2016
在2016年;in
May
在五月;
in
spring
在春天;in
the
morning
在上午
on
用在具体的某一天(的上午、下午或晚上),也可用于星期或节日前
如:on
New
Year's
Day
在元旦;
on
Sunday
在星期日;
on
a
cold
winter
morning
在一个寒冷的冬天早晨
at
用在某一具体的时刻,也可用在固定短语中
如:at
seven
o'clock
在7点钟;
at
noon/night
在正午/晚上
时间介词
2.in与after(表示“在……以后”)
in
以现在为起点,“in+时间段”常用于将来时态的句子中
如:I
will
go
to
Beijing
in
three
days.
我三天后将去北京。
after
1.以过去为起点,“after+时间段”常用于过去时态的句子中
如:Tom
left
here
after
three
days.
三天后汤姆离开了这里。
2.以现在为起点,“after+时间点”常用于现在或将来时态的句子中
如:Bob
will
go
to
Beijing
after
five
o'clock.
鲍勃会在五点钟后去北京。
3.for与since
for
“for+时间段”表示“多长时间”,指时间的延续,常与现在完成时连用
如:I
have
lived
here
for
more
than
twenty
years.
我在这里住了二十多年了。
since
“since+时间点”表示“自从……以来”,常与现在完成时连用
如:He
has
been
a
teacher
in
No.13
Middle
School
since
2001.他从2001年起就一直在第十三中学教书。
4.before与by
before
在……之前
如:Wash
hands
before
dinner.饭前要洗手。
by
by+时间点,表示“到……为止”
如:The
work
will
be
finished
by
tomorrow.
这项工作最迟将于明天完成。
by+过去的时间点,谓语动词用过去完成时
如:We
had
learned
1,000
words
by
the
end
of
last
term.到上学期期末,我们已经学了1000个单词。
5.其他时间介词
during
during+时间段,表示“在……期间”
如:He
stayed
there
during
the
summer.他夏天待在那里。
from
表示开始的时间,谓语动词可用过去、现在、将来的某种时态
如:The
meeting
will
be
held
from
eight
to
ten.
这个会议将从8点开到10点。
until
用于否定句中,表示“直到……
才”,谓语动词用瞬间性动词
如:He
doesn't
go
home
until
11
pm.
直到晚上十一点他才回家。
用于肯定句中,表示“直到……为止”,谓语动词用延续性动词
如:We
must
work
here
until
10
o'clock.
我们必须在这里工作到十点。
for
since
in
At
between
At
1.at,in,on与to
方位介词
4.through,across,past与along(表示“通过”)
through
表示动作是在某一空间内进行
如:He
walked
through
the
forest.他穿过了森林。
across
表示动作是在某一物体的表面进行
如:The
boy
ran
across
the
street.这个男孩跑着穿过了街道。
past
表示从物体旁边经过
如:We
walked
past
the
hospital.我们从医院旁边走过。
along
表示沿着一条线平行
如:They
walked
slowly
along
the
road.他们沿着公路慢慢走。
5.between与among(表示“在……之间”)
between
表示在两个人或两个事物之间
如:I
am
sitting
between
my
parents.我正坐在我父母中间。
among
表示在三个或三个以上的人或事物之间
如:His
house
is
hidden
among
the
trees.
他的房子隐藏在树林之中。
under
beside
above
along
in
in
1.in,on与by(表示交通方式)
in
in+限定词+交通工具,多用于封闭式交通工具前
如:in
the
car
开小汽车
on
on+限定词+交通工具,多用于开放性或半封闭式交通工具前
如:on
my
bike
骑(我的)自行车
by
by+表示交通工具的单数名词
如:by
bike
骑自行车
方式介词
2.with,in,by与on(表示行为方式、手段或使用工具)
with
表示借助具体工具、身体的某一部位或器官等
如:with
the
letters
用这些字母;
with
a
pencil
用铅笔;with
your
hand
用手
in
用语言、声音、原材料等
如:in
English用英语;in
cash
用现金
by
by+动名词,表示“以……方式
(手段)”
如:by
selling
flowers
通过卖花;
by
listening
to
music
通过听音乐
on
on+表示通信工具的名词
如:on
the
phone
打电话;on
the
Internet
在网上
用适当的介词填空。
1.The
young
mother
told
the
story
____________
a
soft
voice
and
the
baby
fell
asleep
soon.
2.We
can
make
a
kite
out
of
paper
and
wood
____________
a
knife.
3.Many
students
show
their
love
for
their
teachers
____________
giving
cards
and
flowers
on
Teachers'
Day.
4.—How
do
you
usually
go
to
school?
—I
usually
go
to
school
____________
my
father's
car.
5.Bruce
and
his
father
are
talking
____________
the
telephone.
in
with
by
in
on
跟踪训练
except/but
“除了……外”,不包括后面所提及的人或物
如:No
one
except/but
a
mad
man
would
say
such
words.除了疯子,谁也不会说这样的话。
besides
“除了……以外(还有)
……”,包括后面所提及的人或物在内
如:He
had
other
people
to
take
care
of
besides
me.
除了我以外,他还需要照料其他人。
其他常考介词
including
“包括……在内”
如:Six
people
were
killed
in
this
earthquake,including
a
policeman.
在这次地震中有六人丧生,其中包括一名警察。
with
1.“和……在一起,和”
如:She
likes
to
stay
with
her
parents.
她喜欢和她的父母待在一起。
2.“有,具有”
如:a
girl
with
a
red
hat一个戴着红色帽子的女孩
3.“随着,由于”,表示伴随
如:With
technology
developing
quickly,we
live
better
and
better.随着技术的迅速发展,我们生活得越来越好了。
without
1.“没有;缺乏”
如:He
found
the
place
without
difficulty.
他毫不费力地找到了那个地方。
2.“不和……一起”
如:I
feel
very
lonely
without
my
dog.
我的狗不在旁边我感到很寂寞。
3.“不(做某事)”
如:He
left
without
saying
anything.他什么都没说就走了。
as
1.“作为,以……的身
份”
如:He
came
to
China
as
a
tourist
five
years
ago.
他五年前以一名游客的身份来到了中国。
2.“像,如同”
如:They
were
all
dressed
as
clowns.他们都打扮成小丑了。
like
“像……一样”
如:He
runs
like
the
wind.他跑得像风一样快。
from
1.“从……开始”,表示起始点
如:Has
the
train
from
Bristol
arrived?
从布里斯托尔来的火车已经到了吗?
2.“来自”,表示来源
如:Where
are
you
from?你来自哪里?
3.“由……制成”,表示所用材料
如:Paper
is
made
from
wood.纸是由木头制成的。
4.“根据”,表示进行判断的依据
如:You
can
understand
something
from
their
handwriting.根据他们的笔迹你能明白一些东西。
for
1.“(表示对象、用途等)给,对”
如:There
is
a
letter
for
you.这儿有你的一封信。
2.“为了”
如:Let
me
do
it
for
you.让我为你做吧。
3.“因为,由于”
如:The
town
is
famous
for
its
cathedral.
这个城镇因它的大教堂而著名。
against
1.“反对,违背”,反义词为for
如:I'm
sorry
he
is
against
your
ideas.
我很抱歉他反对你的观点。
2.“对抗,和……竞争”
如:Our
team
will
play
against
yours
this
afternoon.
今天下午我们队将和你们队比赛。
3.“与……对比”,表示对比关系
如:He
was
elected
by
30
against
20.他以30:20当选。
4.“紧靠;倚”
如:Put
the
piano
there,against
the
door.
把钢琴放在那里,紧靠着门。
in
1.“穿着;戴着”
如:She
was
in
black.她穿着一身黑。
2.“在(范围或空间内)的某一处”
如:I
read
about
it
in
the
paper.我是在报纸上读到它的。
3.“在……方面”
如:She
is
weak
in
maths.她数学差。
4.固定搭配
如:keep
in
touch
with
与……保持联系;give
in屈服;
in
danger处于危险中
about
“关于,对于”
如:Could
you
tell
me
about
your
life?
你能告诉我关于你的生活吗?
of
“关于,反映(某人或某事)”,表示所属关系
如:a
photo
of
my
dog
一张我的狗的照片
on
“关于(事或人)”
如:a
movie
on
South
Africa
一部有关南非的电影
用适当的介词填空。
1.“Grandpa,someone
is
waiting
____________
you
to
play
chess,”
I
went
to
him
and
said.[2020·金华64题]
2.Giving
concerts
wasn't
easy
for
Beth
in
the
beginning
because
usually
she
only
played
drums
alone
in
her
bedroom
when
she
came
home
____________
school.[2020·台州71题]
3.When
a
person
is
born
____________
legs,there
are
plenty
of
things
that
are
difficult
to
do.
4.My
father
began
to
work
________
a
bus
driver
when
he
was
twenty
years
old.
5.I
don't
think
Xiao
Li
is
after
the
other
students
____________
mathematics.
for
from/after
without
as
in
跟踪训练
一、at短语
1.
___________
每次,依次
2.
___________
出生时,诞生时
3.
___________
起初,首先
4.
___________
在家里
5.
___________
最后,终于
6.
___________
至少
7.
___________
至多,不超过
8.
___________
在夜里
at
a
time
at
birth
at
first
at
home
at
last
at
least
at
most
at
night
介词的固定搭配
9.
___________
立刻;马上
10.
___________
目前;现在
11.
___________
在学校;在上课
12.
___________
那时候
13.
___________
在……岁时
14.
_____________________
在……开始时
15.
______________
在……尽头
16.
_______________
在……脚下
17.
_______________
此时;现在
18.
_____________
以……的价格
19.
________________
同时
20.
_______________
以……的速度21.
_______________
在……顶部
22.
___________
有时;偶尔
23.
______________
在周末
24.
___________
在工作
at
the
beginning
of
at
once
at
present
at
school
at
that
time
at
the
age
of
at
the
end
of
at
the
moment
at
the
foot
of
at
the
price
of
at
the
sametime
at
the
speed
of
at
the
top
of
at
times
at
weekends
at
work
二、on短语
1.
___________
在飞机(船、火车)上
2.
______________
出差
3.
___________
展览;陈列
4.
___________
值日;值班
5.
___________
走路;步行
6.
_______________
放在心上;惦念
7._____________
独自一人;单独
8.
__________________
在去……的路上
9.___________
故意地
10.
___________
廉价出售;出售
11.
___________
展出;在上演(放映)
12.________________
在左/右边
13.
____________
通过收音机
14.
______________
通电话
15.___________
准时
16.
____________________
度假
17.
_______________
在周末
18.
__________________________________
一方面……另一方面……
on
board
on
business
on
display
on
duty
on
foot
on
one's
mind
on
one's
own
on
one's/the
way
to
on
purpose
on
sale
on
show
on
the
left/right
on
the
radio
on
the
phone
on
time
on
vacation/holiday
on
weekends
on
the
one
hand…on
the
other
hand…
三、in短语
1.___________
总的说来
2.
___________
急忙,赶快
3.
_____________________
低/高声
4.___________
一团糟
5.
_____________
立刻;马上
6.
___________
在某种程度上
7.___________
总之
8.
______________
除……之外(还有)
9.__________________
四面八方
10.
___________
总共,总计
11.
___________
在课堂上
12.___________
共有(的);共用(的)
13.
___________
处境危险
14.___________
一口气;一下子
15.
_______________
依某人看
16.
_______________
挡住某人的路
17.
___________
按顺序
18.
___________
目的是;为了
in
a
hurry
in
a
low/loud
voice
in
a
mess
in
a
minute
in
a
way
all
in
all
in
a
word
in
addition
to
in
all
directions
in
all/total
in
class
in
common
in
danger
in
one
go
in
one's
opinion
in
one's
way
in
order
in
order
to
19.
_______________
换句话说
20.
___________
疼痛地
21.
___________
和平地
22.
___________
亲自;本人
23.
___________
破碎
24.
___________
公开地,在别人面前
25.
___________
作为回报
26.___________
总之
27.
___________
寂静地;安静地
28.
___________
时髦的;流行的
29.
___________
惊讶地;吃惊地
30.
___________
既然那样
31.
_________________
开始
32.___________
最后;终于
33.
_____________
在将来
34.
__________________
在……中间
35.___________
通过这种方法
36.
___________
及时;来得及
in
other
words
in
pain
in
peace
in
person
in
pieces
in
public
in
return
in
short
in
silence
in
style
in
surprise
in
that
case
in
the
beginning
in
the
end
in
the
future
in
the
middle
of
in
this
way
in
time
37.
___________
依次地;轮流地
38.
______________
处于困境(=get
into
trouble)
四、as短语
1.
___________
因此
2.
___________
至于;关于
五、of短语
1.___________________
大量,许多
2.
__________________
许多,好些
3.__________________
许多
4.
___________
在……前面
5.
___________
各种各样的
6.______________
突然;猛地
7.
___________
因为,由于
8.
___________
首先
a
great
deal
of
a
lot
of(=lots
of)
a
large
number
of
ahead
of
all
kinds
of
all
of
a
sudden
because
of
first
of
all
in
turn
be
in
trouble
as
a
result
as
for
9.___________
成百上千;许多;大量
10.
___________
而不是;代替
11.
___________
稍微;有点儿
12.
___________
数百万的
13.
___________
当然;自然
14.___________
属于某人自己的
15.
___________
很多的;足够的
16.___________
成千上万
六、from短语
1.
___________
在……对面
2.
___________
离……远
3.
______________
从今/此以后;今后
4._______________
从那时起
5.
____________________
不时;偶尔
6.
_____________
从……到……
hundreds
of
instead
of
kind
of
millions
of
of
course
of
one's
own
plenty
of
thousands
of
across
from
far
from
from
now
on
from
then
on
from
time
to
time
from…to…
七、by短语
1.
___________
偶然,意外地
2.
___________
偶然
3.
___________
手工
4.
___________
错误地
5.
___________
独立,独自
6.
_______________
到……末(尾)
7.
___________
顺便问一下,顺便说说
8.
___________
到……时候;在……以前
9.
___________________________________________
乘飞机(公共汽车、火车、轮船、自行车、地铁)
八、to短语
1._____________
根据
2.
___________
紧邻,在……近旁
3.
___________
幸亏;由于;因为
4._________________
令某人惊奇的是
5.
___________
到达(某数量、程度等);至多有;不多于
by
accident
by
chance
by
hand
by
mistake
by
oneself
by
the
end
of
by
the
way
by
the
time
by
air/plane(bus,train,ship,bike,subway)
according
to
next
to
thanks
to
to
one's
surprise
up
to
九、其他常见介词短语
1.__________________
为……疯狂
2.
__________________
对……感到兴奋
3.
__________________
确信;对……有把握
4.
__________________
担心
5.
__________________
作为……而闻名
6.
__________________
对……感到惊讶
7.
___________
擅长……
8.
___________
对……生气
9.
__________________
对……感到惊奇
10.___________
对……有害的
11.
___________
对……有好处
12.
____________________
因……而出名
13.___________
迟到
14.
___________
为……感到遗憾/抱歉
15._________________
对……有必要
16.
____________
为……做好准备
17.
_____________
渴望;渴求
18.
____________
为……做好准备
19.
_____________
缺席
be
crazy
about
be
excited
about
be
sure
about
be
worried
about
be
famous/known
as
be
amazed
at
be
good
at
be
mad
at
be
surprised
at
be
bad
for
be
good
for
be
famous/known
for
be
late
for
be
sorry
for
be
necessary
for
be
ready
for
be
thirsty
for
be
used
for
be
absent
from
20.___________________
和……分开
21.
________________
对……有信心
22.
_________________________
对某人感到失望
23.
_______________
对……感兴趣
24.___________
在……方面薄弱
25.
___________
缺乏
26.
___________
害怕……
27.___________
充满……
28.
___________
为……而感到骄傲
29.___________________________
厌烦
30.
___________
接近;靠近
31.__________________
对……友好
32.
_____________
对……有害
33.___________
与……有关
34.
________________
习惯于……
35.
___________
对……礼貌
36.
_____________
与……相像的;类似的
37.
__________________
生某人的气
38.
______________
生来具有……
be
separate
from
be
confident
in
be
disappointed
in/with
sb.
be
interested
in
be
weak
in
be
poor
in
be
afraid
of
be
full
of
be
proud
of
be
tired
of/be
bored
with
be
close
to
be
friendly/kind
to
be
harmful
to
be
related
to
be
used
to
doing
be
polite
to
be
similar
to
be
angry
with
sb.
be
born
with
39.
_______________
忙于
40.
________________
小心(对待)……
41.
______________
充满……
42.
________________
与……友好相处
43.
_____________
善于应付……的
44.
_______________
对……有耐心
45.
_________________
受到……的欢迎
46.
________________
对……满意
47.
________________
对……要求严格
48.
___________________
例如
49.______________
少/多于
50.
________________________
全世界
51.
__________________________________
在某人的帮助下
52.
__________________
为……负责;形成……的原因
53.
__________________
与……不同;与……有差别
be
busy
with
be
careful
with
be
filled
with
be
friendly
with
be
good
with
be
patient
with
be
popular
with
be
satisfied
with
be
strict
with
for
example/such
as
less/more
than
all
over/around
the
world
with
one's
help=with
the
help
of
sb.
be
responsible
for
be
different
from
54.
___________
是……的职责;由……决定
be
up
to
1.用适当的介词填空。
①Betty
kept
silent
____________
first
but
soon
she
joined
the
other
girls,chatting
and
laughing.
②____________
my
opinion,teenagers
won't
cause
problems
in
the
street
if
there
are
more
places
for
us
to
go
to.[2018·湖州70题]
③I
haven't
seen
Cindy
recently.She
must
be
busy
____________
her
work.
at
In
with
跟踪训练
①I
think
you
should
ride
your
bike
to
work
____________
going
by
car.[2020·嘉兴43题]
②Later,
the
Greeks
were
well?known
for
their
literature(文学)and
science,but
their
“books”
looked
very
different
____________
the
books
of
today.[2018·杭州53题]
③They
are
late
again.Maybe
they
will
come
here
____________
time
next
time.
instead
of
from
on
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