(共38张PPT)
中考英语复习语法专题
天生我才–
句子成分
通用版
2021
2021年3月
句子成分是什么？
组成句子各个部分的成分称为句子成分；
根据在句子中的作用的不同，句子成分主要分为基本成分、修饰成分和独立成分等类型；
基本成分：主、谓、宾、表、补
修饰成分：定、状、同位
独立成分：感叹、呼语、插入语
目录
CONTENTS
基本成分
A
修饰成分
B
独立成分
C
基本成分
PART
01
构建基础
01
基本成分
–
主语
主语是句子陈述的对象或执行动作的主体；
主语可以由具有名词性质的词、短语或句子充当，如：名词、动名词、不定式、the+形容词、代词、数词、介词短语或句子；
主语通常位于句首；
基本成分
–
主语
类型
例句
名词
The
famous
artist
will
give
us
a
speech.
动名词
Getting
up
early
is
good
for
your
health.
不定式
To
share
your
ideas
is
a
good
way.
the+形容词
The
old
are
taken
good
care
of
here.
基本成分
–
主语
类型
例句
代词
He
had
to
work
hard.
数词
It’s
said
that
thirteen
is
an
unlucky
number.
介词短语
From
now
until
July
is
the
best
season
to
work
hard.
句子
What
he
said
yesterday
is
very
valuable.
基本成分
–
谓语
谓语是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明；
谓语由具有动词性的词或短语充当；
谓语主要分为两种：
动作：表达“做什么”
状态：表达“是什么”
谓语动词在不同的时态下有形式变化。
基本成分
–
谓语
类型
例句
简单谓语
单个动词
I
finished
my
homework
before
9
p.m.
短语动词
He
stayed
up
late
to
play
games.
复合谓语
助动词+动词原形
I
don’t
mind
doing
that.
I
do
like
to
go
back
home.
情态动词+动词原形
You
can
ask
the
teacher
for
help.
系动词+表语
The
fish
smells
bad.
He
is
in
a
new
school.
She
became
a
teacher.
谓语动词的变形
时态
主系表结构
主谓宾结构
be
其它
主动
被动
一般现在
am/is/are
do/does
am/is/are
done
一般过去
was/were
did
was/were
done
一般将来
will
be
will
do
will
be
done
现在进行
--
--
am/is/are
doing
am/is/are
being
done
过去进行
--
--
was/were
doing
was/were
being
done
现在完成
have/has
been
have/has
done
have/has
been
done
基本成分
–
宾语
宾语表示动作、行为的对象或承受者；
介词的对象或内容也被称为宾语；
主语可以由具有名词性质的词、短语或句子充当，如：名词、动名词、不定式、the+形容词、代词、数词或句子；
基本成分
–
宾语
类型
例句
名词
I
don’t
have
much
time
for
breakfast.
动名词
I
enjoy
learning
English.
不定式
I
want
to
join
the
English
club.
the+形容词
It’s
our
duty
to
help
the
old.
基本成分
–
宾语
类型
例句
代词
They
are
playing
basketball.
Let’s
go
and
join
them.
I
believe
that
we’ll
enjoy
ourselves.
数词
Look
at
the
requests
and
write
two
more.
句子
I
don’t
know
how
old
he
is.
基本成分
–
表语
表语用来说明主语的身份、特征、性质或状态；
表语常位于系动词后，与系动词一起构成复合谓语；
表语由名词性或形容词性的词、短语、句子充当。
基本成分
–
表语
类型
例句
名词
I
am
a
teacher.
动名词
My
hobby
is
playing
table
tennis.
不定式
My
job
is
to
spread
the
message.
分词
The
movie
is
very
interesting.
He
is
worried.
形容词
It’s
fine
today.
基本成分
–
表语
类型
例句
副词
The
kids
should
be
back
for
lunch.
代词
This
pencil
is
mine.
数词
I
really
wish
I
were
eighteen.
介词短语
A
good
friend
is
like
a
mirror.
句子
Another
idea
is
that
you
can
go
there
alone.
基本成分
–
补语
补语是对句子主语或宾语的补充说明；
主语补足语常看作表语；
宾语补足语和宾语一起构成复合宾语，用来补充说明宾语的行为、状态、特征、身份等。
基本成分
–
补语
类型
例句
名词
We
call
them
Canadians.
动名词
Would
you
mind
me
sitting
next
to
you?
不定式
I
want
you
to
work
hard.
分词
I
saw
them
playing
on
the
playground.
When
will
you
have
your
hair
cut?
基本成分
–
表语
类型
例句
形容词
Make
sure
you’ve
got
everything
ready.
副词
Don’t
let
me
down.
代词
what
do
you
call
that
animal?
介词短语
Once
they
find
people
in
need,
they
decide
on
suitable
ways
to
offer
them
help.
修饰成分
PART
02
丰富内容
02
修饰成分
–
定语
定语用于修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征；
定语可放在名词或代词之前称为前置定语，也可放在名词或代词之后称为后置定语。
定语可由名词性或形容词性的词或短语充当。
修饰成分
–
前置定语
类型
例句
名词
I’m
sure
the
sports
meet
will
be
exciting.
所有格
That’s
Lucy’s
book.
动名词
The
running
team
did
a
good
job.
分词
Would
you
like
to
have
some
boiled
water?
修饰成分
–
前置定语
类型
例句
形容词
I
live
in
a
noisy
neighborhood.
代词
Her
smile
is
so
sweet.
数词
It’s
about
two
kilometers.
修饰成分
–
后置定语
类型
例句
不定式
There
is
nothing
to
worry
about.
分词短语
The
band
named
U2
was
popular.
The
man
standing
there
is
Tom.
形容词
There
is
something
wrong
with
the
fan.
修饰成分
–
后置定语
类型
例句
副词
People
here
like
this
garden
very
much.
介词短语
The
girl
in
yellow
is
Maria.
句子
Do
anything
you
can
do
!
修饰成分
–
状语
状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或句子；
状语用于说明时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、条件、程度和伴随情况等。
修饰成分
–
状语
类型
例句
名词
We’ll
go
out
for
a
picnic
this
Sunday.
不定式
To
get
up
on
time,
I
go
to
bed
early.
分词
Knowing
his
son
was
lost,
he
cried.
形容词
He
was
lying
awake
in
his
bed.
修饰成分
–
状语
类型
例句
数词
In
the
morning,
I
told
her
stories
first.
介词短语
I
usually
go
to
school
on
foot.
副词
I
usually
go
to
school
on
foot.
句子
I
could
swim
when
I
was
nine.
修饰成分
–
同位语
同位语对名词或代词进行解释或补充说明；
同位语一般位于名词或代词之后，常用逗号隔开；
名词、代词、数词、动名词以及句子都可以充当同位语。
修饰成分
–
同位语
类型
例句
名词
This
is
Mr.
Lee,
my
Chinese
teacher.
代词
The
boy
himself
fixed
the
broken
chain.
数词
You
three
have
to
work
together.
句子
They
put
forward
the
idea
that
the
world
was
round.
独立成分
PART
03
做我自己
03
独立成分
在句中与其它成分有意义、语气或情感上的联系，而没有语法关系；
独立成分，主要有三种：感叹语、呼语和插入语。
独立成分
类型
用法
例句
感叹语
表达强烈感情
God!
It’s
raining
so
heavily.
呼语
表示称呼
May
I
help
you,
sir?
插入语
表达态度，对内容进行补充、强调或解释。
In
fact,
I
bought
the
bike
last
week.
常见插入语
类型
示例
形容词
funny,
sure
enough(果然),
most
important(最重要的是),
needless
to
say(不用说)
…
不定式
to
sum
up(总而言之),
to
be
honest(老实说),
to
begin
with(首先),
to
tell
the
truth(说实话)
…
现在分词
generally
speaking(一般来说)
常见插入语
示例
副词
however(然而),
luckily(幸运的是)
…
介词短语
in
a
word/in
short(总之),
to
one’s
surprise(让某人吃惊的是),
by
the
way(顺便问一下),
for
example(例如),
of
course(当然),
in
fact(事实上),
in
other
words(换句话说)
…
句子
What’s
more(而且),
as
we
all
know(我们都知道),
you
know(你知道的),
what’s
worse(更糟糕的是)
…
https://www.21cnjy.com/help/help_extract.php中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
句子成分练习
一、
指出下列句中主语的中心词
The
teacher
with
two
of
his
students
is
walking
into
the
classroom.
There
is
an
old
man
coming
here.
The
useful
dictionary
was
given
by
my
mother
last
year.
To
do
today's
homework
without
the
teacher's
help
is
very
difficult.
二、选出句中谓语的中心词
I
don't
like
the
picture
on
the
wall.
A.
don't
B.
like
C.
picture
D.
wall
The
days
get
longer
and
longer
when
summer
comes.
A.
get
B.
longer
C.
days
D.
summer
Do
you
usually
go
to
school
by
bus?
A.
Do
B.
usually
C.go
D.
bus
There
will
be
a
meeting
at
the
library
this
afternoon.
A.
will
be
B.
meeting
C.
the
library
D.
afternoon
Did
the
twins
have
porridge
for
their
breakfast?
A.Did
B.
twins
C.
have
D.
breakfast
Tom
didn't
do
his
homework
yesterday.
A.
Tom
B.
didn't
C.
do
D.
his
homework
What
I
want
to
tell
you
is
this.
A.
want
B.
to
tell
C.
you
D.
is
We
had
better
send
for
a
doctor.
A.
We
B.
had
C.
send
D.
doctor
He
is
interested
in
music.
A.
is
B.
interested
C.
in
D.
music
Whom
did
you
give
my
book
to?
A.
give
B.did
C.
whom
D.
book
三、挑出下列句中的宾语
My
brother
hasn't
done
his
homework.
People
all
over
the
world
speak
English.
You
must
pay
good
attention
to
your
pronunciation.
How
many
new
words
did
you
learn
last
class?
Some
of
the
students
in
the
school
want
to
go
swimming,
how
about
you?
The
old
man
sitting
at
the
gate
said
he
was
ill.
They
made
him
monitor
of
the
class.
Go
across
the
bridge
and
you
will
find
the
museum
on
the
left.
You
will
find
it
useful
after
you
leave
school.
They
didn't
know
who
"Father
Christmas"
really
is.
四、挑出下列句中的表语
The
old
man
was
feeling
very
tired.
Why
is
he
worried
about
Jim?
The
leaves
have
turned
yellow.
Soon
They
all
became
interested
in
the
subject.
She
was
the
first
to
learn
about
it.
五、
挑出下列句中的定语
They
use
Mr,
Mrs
with
the
family
name.
What
is
your
given
name?
On
the
third
lap
are
Class
1
and
Class
3.
I
am
afraid
some
people
forgot
to
sweep
the
floor.
The
man
downstairs
was
trying
to
sleep.
I
am
waiting
for
the
sound
of
the
other
shoe!
六、挑出下列句中的宾语补足语
She
likes
the
children
to
read
newspapers
and
books
in
the
reading-room.
He
asked
her
to
take
the
boy
out
of
school.
She
found
it
difficult
to
do
the
work.
They
call
me
Lily
sometimes.
I
saw
Mr
Wang
get
on
the
bus.
Did
you
see
Li
Ming
playing
football
on
the
playground
just
now?
七、挑出下列句中的状语
There
was
a
big
smile
on
her
face.
Every
night
he
heard
the
noise
upstairs.
He
began
to
learn
English
when
he
was
eleven.
The
man
on
the
motorbike
was
travelling
too
fast.
With
the
medicine
box
under
her
arm,
Miss
Li
hurried
off.
She
loves
the
library
because
she
loves
books.
I
am
afraid
that
if
you've
lost
it,
you
must
pay
for
it.
The
students
followed
Uncle
Wang
to
see
the
other
machine.
八、划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语
Please
tell
us
a
story.
My
father
bought
a
new
bike
for
me
last
week.
Mr
Li
is
going
to
teach
us
history
next
term.
Here
is
a
pen.Give
it
to
Tom.
Did
he
leave
any
message
for
me?
【答案】
一、1.
teacher
2.
man
3.
dictionary
4.
To
do
二、1.
B
2.
A
3.
C
4.
A
5.
C
6.
C
7.
D
8.
C
9.
A
10.
A
三、1.
homework.
2.
English.
3.
attention
4.
words
5.
to
go
swimming
6.
he
was
ill.
7.
him
monitor
8.
bridge
museum
9.
it
school.
10.
who"Father
Christmas"really
is.
四、1.
tired.
2.
worried
3.
yellow.
4.
interested
5.
the
first
五、1.
family
2.
given
3.
third
4.
some
5.
downstairs
6.
of
the
other
shoe
六、1.
to
read
newspapers
and
books
2.
to
take
the
boy
3.
difficult
4.
Lily
5.
get
on
the
bus
6.
playing
football
七、1.
on
her
face.
2.
Every
night
3.
when
he
was
eleven.
4.
too
fast.
5.
With
the
medicine
box
under
her
arm
6.
because
she
loves
books.
7.
if
you’ve
lost
it
8.
to
see
the
other
machine.
八、1.
us,
间接宾语
a
story,
直接宾语
2.
me,
间接宾语
a
new
bike,
直接宾语
3.
us,
间接宾语
history,
直接宾语
4.
Tom,
间接宾语
it,
直接宾语
5.
me,
间接宾语
message,
直接宾语
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