Unit
8 Green
Living
Lesson
1
词汇知识·自主学习
Ⅰ.
根据语境写出正确的单词或短语
1.
be
known
as
“Just-me-ism” 被称为“唯我独尊”
2.
can’t
be
bothered
to
pick
it
up
懒得去捡它
3.
millions
of
gallons
of
water
数百万加仑的水
4.
the
world’s
best-known
expert
on
wild
chimpanzees
世界上最著名的野生黑猩猩专家
5.
break
open
brick
walls
to
reach
the
light
打破砖墙以获得光明
6.
the
roots
of
a
plant
植物根部
7.
make
a
firm
foundation
打下坚实的基础?
8.
involve
people
with
business
processes
让人们参与到业务流程中
9.
make
a
dog
wag
its
tail
让狗摇尾巴?
10.
set
up
an
institute
创立一家机构
Ⅱ.
根据语境写出正确的短语
1.
Mary
felt
herself
forced
to
take
action(采取行动)
to
defend
herself.
?
2.
During
the
Olympic
Games,
journalists
from
all
around
the
world
(全世界)came
to
cover
the
events.
?
3.
I
won’t
bother
to
do(懒得做某事)
those
tiring
and
useless
things.
?
4.
Cities
like
Beijing
suffer
from(遭受)
terrible
smog,
and
rain
can
help
clear
away
polluted
air.
?
5.
He
was
determined
to
donate
his
millions
of
(数百万)dollars
to
buy
the
equipment
for
the
research.
?
6.
The
scheme
has
been
set
up
(设立)to
help
homeless
people.
?
7.
In
addition
to(除……之外)
reading
some
poems,
we
read
some
novels.
?
8.
Hannah
is
one
of
many
examples
of
young
people
who
are
making
a
difference(有影响)
in
the
world.
?
9.
The
Forbidden
City
is
known
as(作为……而出名)
one
of
the
largest
constructions
in
the
world.
?
10.
My
friend
began
to
pick
up(好转)
after
staying
in
hospital
for
several
days.
?
Ⅲ.
根据课文补全句式
1.
You
know
that
all
those
things
are
wrong,
but
so
what(那又怎么样)?
?
2.
Of
course,
it
wouldn’t
matter(那没有关系)
if
there
were
just
a
few
people
in
the
world.
?
3.
To
inspire
young
people
to
take
action
for
the
environment,
animals
and
their
community(为了激励年轻人为环境、动物和他们的社区采取行动),
Roots
&
Shoots
was
established.
?
4.
In
addition
to
her
research,
she
has
been
whole-heartedly
committed
to
environmental
protection(全心全意地致力于环境保护).
?
阅读精析·合作学习
Task
1 框架宏观建构:
整体理解?
1.
Skim
the
passage
and
fill
in
the
blanks
Para.
1:
What
is
“(1)__________”?
?
Para.
2:
The
(2)__________
of
Roots
&
Shoots.
?
Paras.
3～4:
The
(3)__________
of
its
name.
?
答案:
(1)Just-me-ism (2)
establishment (3)meaning
2.
What
is
the
text
type
of
the
passage?
A.
Narration
(记叙文).
B.
Argumentative
Essay
(议论文).
C.
Expository
Writing
(说明文).
D.
Practical
Writing
(应用文).
答案:
C
3.
What’s
the
main
idea
of
this
passage?
The
passage
is
mainly
about
the
characteristics,
significance
and
influence
of
Roots&Shoots,
which
aims
to
inspire
young
people
to
take
action
for
the
environment,
animals
and
their
community.
?
【寻技巧·提能力】
记笔记(Taking
Notes)
笔记是演讲中最重要的思想和细节的总结。记笔记可以帮助你更好地理解和记忆。
·第一次听。关注一般意义。再听一遍,
做笔记。不要把每个单词都写下来。只写主要思想和关键词。
·使用图表、表格或项目符号。
·使用缩写词和符号,
例如:
org
=组织,
yrs
=年,
↑=增加。
Task
2 文本微观剖析:
细节探究?
1.
Choose
the
best
answer.
(1)Which
of
following
is
not“Just-me-ism”?
A.
Leave
the
tap
running
while
you
brush
your
teeth.
B.
Leave
a
light
burning
when
you
go
out.
C.
Drop
a
piece
of
litter
and
can’t
be
bothered
to
pick
it
up.
D.
Turn
off
the
light
when
you
go
out.
(2)When
was
Roots
&
Shoots
established?
A.
In
the
early
1980s.
B.
In
the
late
1980s.
C.
In
the
early
1990s.
D.
In
the
late
1990s.
(3)What’s
the
purpose
of
Roots
&
Shoots?
A.
To
inspire
old
people.
B.
To
inspire
young
people.
C.
To
inspire
middle-aged
people.
D.
To
inspire
children.
(4)
What
can
we
learn
from
the
text?
A.
Every
individual
doesn’t
matter.
B.
Every
individual
can
make
a
difference
to
the
world.
C.
Only
a
few
people
suffer
from
“Just-me-ism”.
D.
People
can’t
live
together
in
peace
with
nature.
答案:
(1)～(4)DCBB
2.
Reread
the
passage
and
fill
in
the
blanks.
Roots
&
Shoots
The
time
of
its
(1)establishment
In
the
early
1990s
The
(2)founder
Dr.
Jane
Goodall
The
purpose
(3)To
inspire
young
people
The
meaning
of
its
name
Roots
move
slowly
to
make
(4)a
firm
foundation.
Shoots
can
(5)break
open
brick
walls.
Every
individual
(6)matters
to
make
the
world
a
better
place.
3.
Long
sentence
analysis.
(1)Well,
say
you
leave
the
tap
running
(宾语从句)
while
you
brush
your
teeth(时间状语从句),
leave
a
light
on
when
you
go
out(时间状语从句)
or
you
drop
a
piece
of
litter
and
can’t
be
bothered
to
pick
it
up.
?
译文:
例如,
你刷牙的时候让水哗哗地流,
外出的时候不关灯,
或者掉了一块垃圾却懒得捡起来。
(2)This
institute(主语)
was
set
up(谓语)
in
the
early
1990s
by
Dr.
Jane
Goodall(状语),
a
scientist(先行词)
who’s
the
world’s
best-known
expert
on
wild
chimpanzees(定语从句).
?
译文:
这个组织20
世纪90年代初由珍·古道尔博士创立。她是世界上最著名的研究野生黑猩猩的专家。
Task
3 阅读思维升华:
主题实践?
1.
Why
is
“just-me-ism”
a
problem?
(Critical
Thinking
批判性思维)
Because
“Just-me-ism”
often
shows
self-centre,
imposing
one’s
own
opinion
on
others,
which
can
lead
to
failure
in
interpersonal
communication.
?
2.
What
contribution
does
Roots
&
Shoots
make
to
society?
(Critical
Thinking
批判性思维)
It
helps
to
change
the
world
and
make
it
a
better
place
to
live
in.
?
3.
What
is
your
explanation
for
the
two
quotes
from
Dr.
Jane
Goodall?
(Creative
Thinking
创造性思维)
It’s
an
exciting
way
to
get
people
to
work
together
to
change
the
world
through
Roots
&
Shoots.
?
要点精研·探究学习
1.
bother
vt.
打扰;
烦扰;
麻烦;
花费时间、精力(做某事)
n.
麻烦;
困难
Emails
are
better
for
those
business
colleagues
who
don’t
want
to
be
bothered
with
small
talk.
对于那些不想被闲聊烦扰的公司同事,
电子邮件要更好一些。
(2020·江苏高考)The
question
of
what
we
know
and
do
not
know
constantly
bothered
me.
我们知道什么和不知道什么这个问题一直困扰着我。
He
didn’t
even
bother
to
let
me
know
he
was
coming.
他甚至都没通知我他要来。
I
don’t
want
to
bother
her
with
my
problems
at
the
moment.
我此刻不想让她为我的事操心。
It
bothers
me
to
think
of
her
alone
in
that
big
house.
想到她孤零零地待在那所大房子里,
我便坐立不安。
Don’t
bother.
I’ll
ask
Vicky
to
check
it
when
she
leaves.
不用麻烦了,
等薇姬离开的时候,
我会让她检查一下。
bother
to
do/doing
sth.
费心做某事
bother
sb.
with/about
sth.
为某事打扰或麻烦某人
It
bothers
sb.
that/to
do
sth.
使某人苦恼的是
have
bother
(in)
doing
sth.
做某事费力
bother作“麻烦;
困难”讲时,
是不可数名词;
作“令人烦恼的事物;
讨厌的人”讲时,
是可数名词。
(1)语法填空。
①It
bothers
(bother)
Tom
that
he
can’t
find
a
job
that
he
really
likes.
②Don’t
bother
to
look/looking
(look)
for
my
umbrella,
and
it
will
turn
up
some
day.
?
③I’m
sorry
I
have
bothered
you
with
so
many
questions.
(2)一句多译。
你找这所房子找得费力吗?
①Did
you
have
much
bother
(in)
finding
the
house?
(bother)?
②Did
you
have
trouble/difficulty
(in)
finding
the
house?
(trouble/difficulty)?
2.
take
action采取行动
We
need
more
time
to
see
how
things
develop
before
we
take
action.
我们采取行动之前需要更多的时间来观察情况的发展。
It’s
time
we
got
rid
of
these
bad
habits
and
took
action
to
protect
the
environment.
我们是时候改掉这些坏习惯并且采取行动保护环境了。
Jon
will
be
out
of
action
for
weeks
with
a
broken
leg.
乔恩断了一条腿,
将有几个星期不能工作。
in
action
在运转;
在活动中
out
of
action
失去作用,
不能工作
put/call/bring
sth.
into
action
使……行动起来;
使生效;
使开始工作
take
action
to
do
sth.
=
take
measures/steps
to
do
sth.
采取措施做某事
Think
twice
before
you
take
action.
三思而后行。
(1)I
want
to
see
the
new
system
in
action.
?
我想去看看正在运行的新系统。
(2)The
new
plan
for
traffic
control
is
being
put
into
action
on
an
experiment
basis.
新的交通管理方案正在试行。?
3.
firm
adj.
坚实的;
牢固的 n.
商行;
公司
The
firm’s
employees
were
expecting
large
bonuses.
这家公司的雇员们正期待着大笔的奖金。
Fresh
fruit
should
be
firm
and
in
excellent
condition.
新鲜水果应该硬实且完好无损。
Always
hold
firm
to
your
beliefs.
永远坚守你的信念。
It
is
now
firmly
established
as
one
of
the
leading
brands
in
the
country.
现在它已稳稳地确立为国内主要品牌之一。
(1)hold
firm
(to
sth.
) 坚信;
坚持
(2)firmly
adv.
坚定地
(1)语法填空。
①I
hold
firm
to
the
idea
that
efforts
eventually
pay
off.
②I
myself
will
firmly(firm)carry
out
this
plan.
(2)He
grasped
her
firmly
by
the
arm.
?
他紧紧地抓住了她的胳膊。
(3)We
have
no
firm
evidence
to
support
the
case.
?
我们没有确凿的证据支持这个论点。
4.
foundation
n.
基础;
地基
The
builders
are
now
beginning
to
lay
the
foundations
of
the
new
school.
建筑工人正开始给新校舍打地基。
Their
marriage
was
founded
on
love
and
mutual
respect.
他们的婚姻建立在爱情和互相尊重的基础上。
He
was
one
of
the
founders
of
the
university’s
medical
faculty.
他是该大学医学院的创建者之一。
(1)found v.
创建;
建立
found
sth.
on/upon
sth.
把……建立在……上
(2)founder
n.
创建者;
创办者;
发起人
found的过去式和过去分词都是founded;
find的过去式和过去分词为found。
(1)语法填空。
①The
shop
is
still
run
by
the
founder
(found)and
his
two
sons.
②The
school
has
served
the
community
since
its
foundation(found)
in
1835.
(2)They
founded
a
primary
school
in
a
rural
area.
?
他们在农村创办了一所小学。
(3)His
theory
is
founded
on
facts.
?
他的理论建立在事实的基础上。
5.
involve
vt.
包含;
涉及;
参与;
需要
(2019·江苏高考)There
are
plenty
of
opportunities
for
the
creative
person
to
become
involved,
including
workshops
and
events.
有很多机会让有创造力的人参与其中,
包括研讨会和活动。
Parents
should
involve
themselves
in
their
children’s
education.
父母应当参与孩子的教育。
The
government
should
try
to
involve
as
many
citizens
as
possible
in
protecting
the
environment.
政府应该让尽可能多的市民参与到环境保护中来。
She
disliked
his
involvement
with
the
group
and
disliked
his
friends.
她讨厌他加入那个团体,
也不喜欢他的那些朋友。
(1)involve
sb.
in
(doing)
sth.
使某人参与(做)某事;
使某人牵扯到某事中
involve
doing
sth.
包括做某事;
需要做某事
(2)involved
adj.
有牵连的;
有关的;
参与的
get/be
involved
in
被卷入……之中;
热衷于;
专心于
be/get
involved
with
sb.
/sth.
与某人混在一起;
和某事有密切联系
(3)involvement
n.
参与;
加入;
插手
involved
adj.
作前置定语时,
意为“复杂的”;
作后置定语时,
意为“涉及的”。例如:
an
involved
sentence“一个复杂的句子”;
the
people
involved“所涉及的人”。
In
ancient
China,
however,
naming
was
very
complicated
and
one
person
usually
had
several
names,
and
names
involved
xing,
shi,
ming,
and
zi.
然而在中国古代,
起名非常复杂。
一个人可以有好几个名字,
包括姓、氏、名、字。
(1)语法填空。
①Students
should
involve
themselves
in
community
activities
where
they
can
gain
experience
for
growth.
②Michelle
found
a
job
as
a
high
school
teacher
which
involved
spending
(spend)
quite
a
lot
of
time
with
students.
③In
a
recent
book,
he
advocated
more
government
involvement
(involve)
in
health
care.
④When
she
was
young,
she
did
as
many
things
as
she
could,
like
getting
involved
(involve)
in
sports
teams
and
school
clubs.
(2)I
don’t
want
to
get
involved
in
office
politics.
?
我不想卷入办公室政治。
6.
You
know
that
all
those
things
are
wrong,
but
so
what?
?
你知道那些都是错的,
但那又怎样?
【句式解构】
本句so
what
为省略句式,
补充完整为So
what
is
it?
意为“那有什么了不起?
/那又怎么样?
”,
指对事情表示不关心或生气地告诉某人事情与自己无关。
What
if
they
talked
for
a
long
time
about
a
painting
you
weren’t
interested
in?
如果他们长时间谈论一幅你不感兴趣的画怎么办?
—Michael
was
late
for
Mr
Smith’s
chemistry
class
this
morning.
—How
come?
As
far
as
I
know,
he
never
came
late
to
class.
——迈克尔今天上午在史密斯先生的化学课上迟到了。
——怎么会呢?
据我所知,
他上课从来不迟到的。
—He
is
fifteen
years
younger
than
you!
—So
what?
——他比你小十五岁呢!
——那又怎么样?
英语中常见的省略句式有:
What
if.
.
.
a.
意为“如果……怎么样”,
用于提出建议,
b.
意为“如果……将会怎样”,
用于提问将会发生的事,
通常是令人不快或惊恐的事情。
What
for?
为什么……?
/某物有何用?
How
come意为“……是怎么回事,
怎么会……”,
可以单独出现在对话的语境中,
也可以在how
come后接语序完整的陈述句。
①What
if
we
go
and
see
a
film
tomorrow
night?
?
明天晚上我们去看场电影,
你觉得怎么样?
②How
come?
We
can
stay
at
home
and
watch
films
online.
It’s
convenient
with
our
new
and
fast
network.
怎么会呢?
我们可以待在家里,
在网上看电影。我们的新网络又快又方便。?
③—His
father
is
very
rich.
—So
what?
He
wouldn’t
accept
his
help
even
if
it
were
offered.
?
——他父亲很富有。
——那又怎么样?
即使他提出帮助他,
他也不会接受。
7.
That’s
what
Roots
&
Shoots
is
all
about:
the
value
and
importance
of
each
individual—human,
animal
or
plant.
这就是“根与芽”的全部意义:
重视每一个个体的价值和重要性,
不管是人、
动物还是植物。?
【句式解构】
本句中what引导表语从句。what为连接代词,
在表语从句中充当介词about的宾语。
The
millionaire
has
no
friends
around
him
because
what
he
cares
about
most
is
only
money.
那位百万富翁身边没有朋友,
因为他最在意的东西只是金钱。
China
is
no
longer
what
she
used
to
be.
中国不再是过去的那个样子了。
Will
you
show
me
what
you
bought
for
your
father’s
birthday?
你能让我看一下你为你父亲的生日买的礼物吗?
what常可用来引导名词性从句,
其在名词性从句中常可以理解为:
所……的(事情等)。
【知识延伸】
that和what
引导名词性从句
相同点
that与what都可引导名词性从句
不同点
在引导名词性从句时,
that不在从句中作成分,
也无具体意思,
只起连接作用
what在所引导的名词性从句中作主语、表语、宾语或宾语补足语,
并保持原疑问词的意义或表示“……的事情(东西等)”
(1)语法填空。
①That
we
need
more
equipment
is
very
clear.
②What
he
needs
is
a
cool
drink.
③Our
school
is
not
what
it
used
to
be.
④The
news
came
that
our
sports
meet
had
been
put
off.
(2)句型转换。
①He
is
no
longer
the
person
that
he
used
to
be.
→He
is
no
longer
what
he
used
to
be.
?
他已不是过去的他了。
②All
that
we
need
is
your
timely
help.
→What
we
need
is
your
timely
help.
?
我们所需要的就是你及时的帮助。
拓视野·观天下
1.
The
National
Institutes
of
Health
said
on
Saturday
that
it
halted
a
clinical
trial
of
malaria
drug
hydroxychloroquine
to
treat
COVID-19
patients,
saying
it
had
no
benefits.
周六,
美国国家卫生研究院表示,
已停止抗疟药物羟氯喹用于治疗新冠肺炎患者的临床试验,
称其没有任何疗效。
2.
Many
Beijing
residents
go
to
great
length
to
avoid
breathing
the
city’s
smoggy
air,
especially
when
it
reaches
critical
pollution
levels,
but
one
local
firm
decided
that
canning
and
selling
this
poor
quality
air
as
a
souvenir
would
be
a
great
idea.
许多北京居民竭尽全力避免呼吸城市的雾霾空气,
尤其是当空气污染达到临界水平时,
但当地一家公司决定将这种劣质空气装罐并作为纪念品出售是个好主意。
3.
She
asked
Professor
Miesenbock,
the
2019
Warren
Alpert
Foundation
Prize
winner,
what
he
considered
were
the
best
personal
qualities
for
conducting
scientific
research.
她询问了2019年沃伦·阿尔珀特基金奖得主米森伯克教授,
他认为进行科学研究的最佳个人品质是什么。
4.
In
2020,
thousands
of
people
online
were
involved
in
efforts
to
help
an
8-year-old,
cancer-stricken
boy
from
the
United
States
to
realize
his
dream.
2020年,
成千上万的网友参与到帮助一名来自美国的身患癌症的8岁男孩实现梦想的活动中来。
【要点拾遗】
1.
inspire
v.
鼓舞,
鼓励;
使产生(感觉或情感);
赋予灵感,
激发想法;
启发;
启示
(2019·天津高考)I
was
extremely
inspired
by
the
elegant
way
the
words
sounded.
我被那些优美的声音所鼓舞。
Our
challenge
is
to
motivate
those
voters
and
inspire
them
to
join
our
cause.
我们的挑战是要激励那些投票者并鼓励他们加入我们的事业。
Both
poets
drew
their
inspiration
from
the
countryside.
两位诗人都是从乡村获得他们的灵感。
(1)inspire
sth.
in
sb.
=inspire
sb.
with
sth.
使某人产生(某种感情)
inspire
sb.
to
do
sth.
鼓舞某人去做某事
(2)inspired
adj.
受到鼓舞的
(3)inspiring
adj.
鼓舞人心的
(4)inspiration
n.
激励;
灵感
【巧学助记】 巧记
“inspire”
I
was
inspired
with
your
inspiring
remarks,
which
brought
me
creative
inspiration.
你鼓舞人心的话激励了我,
给我带来了创造性的灵感。
(1)句型转换。
What
he
said
inspired
us
with
confidence.
→What
he
said
inspired
confidence
in
us.
?
→What
he
said
inspired
us
to
be
confident.
?
(2)我们都被他鼓舞人心的演讲所激励。
All
of
us
were
inspired
by
his
inspiring
speech.
?
2.
commit
vt.
犯(罪,
错误);
承诺
Nevertheless,
we
must
not
commit
the
mistake
of
analyzing
progress
only
from
one
point
of
view.
然而,
我们决不能犯只从一个角度来分析进展的错误。
I
have
committed
myself
to
sitting
on
two
committees.
我已承诺担任两个委员会的委员。
Most
crimes
are
committed
by
young
men.
大多数罪行都是年轻人犯下的。
Borrowers
should
think
carefully
before
committing
themselves
to
taking
out
a
loan.
借款人应当慎重考虑之后再行借贷。
committed
adj.
尽心尽力的
commitment
n.
承诺,
保证;
(对工作或某活动)奉献,
献身
commit
suicide
自杀
commit
a
crime
犯罪
commit
sb.
to
(doing)
sth.
承诺/保证某人(做)某事
be
committed
to
(doing)
sth.
承诺/保证(做)某事
(1)语法填空。
A
violent
crime
was
committed
(commit)
every
32
seconds
in
this
area
of
the
city
last
year.
?
(2)It’s
normal
for
children
to
commit
mistakes
(犯错误).
?
(3)Her
commitment
to
work
(对工作的奉献)
is
beyond
question.
?
3.
set
up 建立,
创立
(2019·北京高考)Alice
Moore
is
a
teenager
entrepreneur,
who
in
May
2015
set
up
her
business
Ailie
Candy.
爱丽丝·摩尔是一名十几岁的企业家,
她在2015年5月创办了自己的企业Ailie
Candy。
The
city
police
set
up
roadblocks
to
check
passing
vehicles.
该市警察设置了路障来检查过往车辆。
The
old
man
is
setting
down
his
memories
of
village
life.
那位老人正在写下他对乡村生活的回忆。
When
setting
out
on
a
long
walk,
always
wear
suitable
boots.
出发进行长距离徒步时,
总是要穿上合适的靴子。
We
need
to
set
about
finding
a
solution.
我们需要着手寻找一个解决办法。
They
set
off
at
a
steady
pace.
他们以不紧不慢的速度出发了。
【导图理词】
Chinese
people
like
to
go
to
a
large
square
where
huge
bells
are
set
up
on
New
Year’s
Eve.
在除夕夜,
中国人喜欢去一个大广场,
那里有设置好的大钟。
(1)用恰当的副词填空。
①Ralph
W.
Emerson
would
always
set
down
new
ideas
that
occurred
to
him.
②In
much
of
the
animal
world,
night
is
the
time
set
aside
for
sleep
—
pure
and
simple.
③The
school
has
set
up
a
special
class
to
help
those
poor
learners.
④Hearing
the
news,
they
immediately
set
out
for
the
railway
station.
?
⑤I
set
off
for
the
company
earlier
in
order
to
avoid
the
heavy
traffic.
(2)一句多译。
老师解释结束之后他开始着手记笔记。
①He
set
about
setting
down
the
note
after
the
teacher
finished
explaining.
?
②He
set
out
to
set
down
the
note
after
the
teacher
finished
explaining.
?
4.
pick
up
拾起,
捡起;
收拾,
整理;
(偶然)学会;
用车接某人;
收听到;
身体好转;
取回
(2019·北京高考)The
problem
of
robocalls
has
gotten
so
bad
that
many
people
now
refuse
to
pick
up
calls
from
numbers
they
don’t
know.
机器人电话的问题已经变得如此严重,
以至于许多人现在拒绝接听他们不知道号码的电话。
(2018·北京高考)Instead
of
walking
a
few
blocks
to
pick
up
a
child
or
the
dry
cleaning,
they
send
the
self-driving
minibus.
他们不再走几个街区去接孩子或取回干洗衣物,
而是派出自动驾驶的面包车。
(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Don’t
forget
to
stop
by
Pacific
Science
Center’s
Store
while
you
are
here
to
pick
up
a
wonderful
science
activity
or
souvenir
to
remember
your
visit.
当你在这里挑选一个精彩的科学活动或纪念品来纪念你的访问时,
别忘了去太平洋科学中心的商店。
If
you
love
helping
the
environment,
plant
trees
or
pick
up
litter.
如果你喜欢保护环境,
你可以种树或捡垃圾。
Bullies
pick
on
younger
children.
恃强凌弱的家伙欺负更年幼的孩子。
I
have
been
picked
out
to
represent
the
whole
team.
我被挑选出来代表全队。
【导图理词】
(1)He
picked
the
newspaper
up
from
the
floor
and
passed
it
to
his
father.
?
他从地板上捡起报纸,
递给他父亲。
(2)Mother
took
Mary
to
the
library
to
pick
out
one
book
she
likes
best.
?
妈妈带玛丽去图书馆挑选了一本她最喜欢的书。
语法精讲·优化学习
Verb-ing和Verb-ed
形式
观察上面对话,
并完成句子:
1.
Hearing
the
good
news,
we
all
jumped
with
joy.
?
听到这个好消息,
我们都高兴得跳起来了。
2.
The
story
had
a
satisfying
ending,
which
made
us
very
satisfied.
?
这个故事有一个令人满意的结局,
这使我们非常满意。
3.
The
broken
clock
should
be
repaired.
?
这个坏了的钟应该修理一下。
verb-ing和verb-ed
形式在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语,
其具体用法如下:
1.
作表语
(1)verb-ed
作表语表示人自身的感受或事物自身的状态;
而verb-ing作表语多表示事物具有的特性。
(2)充当表语的词语(过去分词)通常加在系动词后面。常见系动词:
be动词:
is/am/are/was/were
一“好像”:
seem
二“保持”:
keep,
remain
三“变化”:
become,
get,
turn
五“感官”:
look,
sound,
taste,
feel,
smell
The
news
is
encouraging.
这个消息令人鼓舞。
Look
at
the
excited
boy.
看那个兴奋的男孩。
The
story
is
terrifying.
这个故事很可怕。
He
seemed
quite
delighted
at
the
news.
他听到这个消息似乎很高兴。
2.
作定语
verb-ing作定语表示主动,
进行;
verb-ed作定语,
表示被动,
完成。
(1)单个的过去分词作定语通常放在被修饰词之前;
过去分词短语作定语则放在被修饰词之后,
名词与现在分词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,
并且一般都可以转化为一个进行时的定语从句。
Tom,
wearing
beautiful
clothes,
followed
me
down
the
hill.
=Tom,
who
is
wearing
beautiful
clothes,
followed
me
down
the
hill.
有些过去分词表示特定含义,
单独作定语也放在被修饰的名词之后。例如:
left(剩余的),
given(所给的),
concerned(有关的)等。另外,
单个过去分词作定语修饰代词时,
应该放在被修饰的词后面。
There
is
a
little
time
left.
Let’s
hurry
up.
剩余时间不多了,
咱们快点吧。
I
am
fond
of
the
food
cooked
by
your
mother.
=I
am
fond
of
the
food
that
is
cooked
by
your
mother.
我很喜欢你妈妈做的饭。
(2)有些过去分词作定语既可前置也可后置,
意义不变。
All
the
broken
windows
have
been
repaired.
=All
the
windows
broken
have
been
repaired.
所有坏了的窗户已经修理好了。
3.
作状语
动词-ing形式(现在分词)和动词-ed形式(过去分词)在句中作状语通常作原因、时间、伴随、条件、结果、让步状语等。主语与动词-ing形式(现在分词)在逻辑上存在主谓关系,
主语与动词-ed形式(过去分词)在逻辑上存在动宾关系。
Seeing
the
teacher,
he
ran
into
the
classroom.
一看见老师,
他跑进了教室。
Surrounded
by
a
group
of
pupils,
the
old
teacher
walked
into
the
classroom.
在一群学生的簇拥下,
那位老教师走进了教室。
Being
League
members,
we
should
take
the
lead
in
everything.
作为共青团员,
凡事我们都应该起带头作用。
His
parents
died,
leaving
him
a
lot
of
money.
他的父母去世了,
留给他一大笔钱。
Caught
in
a
heavy
rain,
he
was
wet
to
the
skin.
由于遇上了大雨,
他浑身都湿透了。
Getting
up
late,
he
missed
the
early
train.
由于起床晚了,
他没有赶上早班火车。
Seen
from
space,
our
earth
looks
more
beautiful.
从太空看,
我们的地球看起来更美。
动词-ing
形式和动词-ed
形式的独立结构
动词-ing
形式短语(现在分词短语)和动词-ed
形式短语(过去分词短语)作状语时,
其逻辑主语通常与句子的主语一致,
但有时它们可以有自己的独立主语,
这种结构被称为独立主格结构。当逻辑主语与其后的动词是主动关系时,
用动词-ing
形式;
当逻辑主语与其后的动词是被动关系时,
用动词-ed
形式。
Time
permitting,
we
can
complete
the
project.
如果时间允许,
我们就能完成这个项目。(逻辑主语time与
permit
存在主动关系,
独立主格结构作条件状语)
All
the
work
done,
they
decided
to
treat
themselves
to
a
movie.
所有的工作都做完了,
他们决定去看一场电影犒劳自己。(逻辑主语all
the
work与do之间存在被动关系,
句中独立主格结构作原因或时间状语)
4.
作宾语补足语
(1)宾语补足语与宾语是逻辑上的主谓关系,
表示主动,
用verb
-ing。
宾语补足语与宾语是逻辑上的动宾关系,
即动词与宾语的关系,
表示被动,
用verb-ed。
(2)可接verb-ing作宾语补足语的动词有:
①动词feel,
hear,
look
at,
listen
to,
notice,
observe,
sense,
see,
watch等可接verb-ing作宾语的补足语。例如:
I
heard
her
singing
in
the
next
door.
当时我听见她在隔壁唱歌。
I
watched
them
playing
volleyball
on
the
playground.
我观看他们在操场上打排球。
②动词get,
have,
keep,
leave,
send,
set可接verb-ing作宾语的补足语。
The
arrival
of
the
police
sent
the
robbers
running
away
quickly.
警察的到来使强盗们四处逃窜。
Don’t
have
your
guest
standing
there
and
ask
him
to
sit
down.
不要让你的客人站在那里,
请他入座。
③现在分词用在“with
+宾语+宾语补足语”这一结构中,
现在分词与宾语之间是主谓关系。
She
fell
asleep
with
the
light
still
burning.
她睡着了,
灯还亮着。
A
little
boy
with
two
of
his
front
teeth
missing
ran
into
the
house.
一个少了两颗门牙的小男孩跑进了房子。
(3)可接verb-ed分词作宾语的补足语的动词有:
①表示感觉或心理状态的词,
如see,
hear,
feel,
watch,
notice,
think,
consider,
find等。
②表示“致使”或者“保持某种状态”意义的动词,
如make,
get,
have,
keep,
leave等词。
③表示“希望”“请求”“命令”的词,
如
watch,
wish,
like,
expect,
order等。
(1)语法填空。
①The
computer
center,
opened
(open)last
year,
is
very
popular
among
the
students
in
this
school.
②The
house
built
(build)100
years
ago
still
stood
there
after
the
earthquake.
③Putting(put)
on
his
clothes,
Bill
went
out
in
a
hurry.
④Arriving(arrive)
home,
he
found
the
door
locked.
⑤While
waiting(wait)
at
the
dentist’s
home,
I
read
a
short
story.
⑥The
teacher
stood
there,
surrounded(surround)
by
many
students.
⑦All
the
afternoon
he
worked
with
the
door
locked(lock).
(2)The
excited
people
finally
cooled
down.
?
激动的人们终于冷静下来。
(3)Caught
in
a
heavy
rain,
he
was
all
wet.
?
因为淋了一场大雨,
所以他全身湿透了。
(4)Seeing
those
pictures,
he
couldn’t
help
thinking
of
those
days
in
Yan’an.
?
当他看到那些图片时,
就禁不住想起了在延安的那些日子。
(5)She
ran
up
to
me,
with
her
hair
flying
in
the
wind.
?
她跑向我,
她的头发在风中飞舞。
使用本单元所学v.
-ing和v.
-ed相关知识翻译下面语段
9月份发表的一项研究表明,
有一种令人惊讶的方法可以让人们远离不健康的食物:
改变他们的记忆。加州大学欧文分校的科学家Elizabeth
Loftus让志愿者回答一些关于他们性格和食物体验的问题。“一周后,
”Loftus说,
“在给这些人喂食后,
我们让他们把答案输入到我们的智能电脑里,
电脑就会记录下他们的童年早期经历。”有一些账户包括一个关键的额外细节。研究者告知他们,
他们曾经在吃过草莓冰激凌之后生过病,
并随后通过引导性问题将这一细节修改进人造记忆之中。那些给予错误记忆的人中有多达41%的人相信草莓冰激凌曾经让他们生病,
而且许多人说他们会避免吃它。
A
study
published
in
September
suggests
there
is
a
surprising
way
to
get
people
to
avoid
unhealthy
food:
change
their
memories.
Scientist
Elizabeth
Loftus
of
the
University
of
California
at
Irvine
asked
volunteers
to
answer
some
questions
on
their
personalities
and
food
experiences.
“One
week
later,
”Loftus
says,
“having
fed
the
people,
we
told
them
to
type
their
answers
into
our
smart
computer
and
it
recorded
their
early
childhood
experiences.
”
Some
accounts
included
one
key
additional
detail.
Having
told
them
that
they
had
got
sick
after
eating
strawberry
ice-cream,
the
researchers
then
changed
this
detail
into
a
manufactured
memory
through
leading
questions.
Up
to
41%
of
those
given
a
false
memory
believed
strawberry
ice-cream
once
made
them
sick,
and
many
said
they’d
avoid
eating
it.
?
课时素养评价
六 Unit
8 Lesson
1
Ⅰ.
单句语法填空
1.
With
so
many
things
bothering
(bother)
me,
I
hope
you
can
offer
me
some
practical
advice.
2.
The
government
has
taken
action
to
protect(protect)the
air
from
being
polluted
during
the
two
years.
?
3.
The
reunited
lovers
held
each
other’s
hand
firmly(firm)and
walked
ahead
together.
4.
He
has
made
an
important
contribution
to
the
company’s
success
at
the
beginning
of
its
foundation(found).
5.
However,
he
didn’t
get
the
bricks(brick)for
his
house.
6.
My
teacher
encouraged
me
to
get
involved
(involve)in
the
discussion.
7.
English
majors
would
be
asked
to
explore
the
roots
(root)of
language.
8.
It
flies
burning
5gallons(gallon)
of
gas
per
hour
in
the
air.
9.
As
far
as
I’m
concerned,
these
things
are
harmful
(harm)for
their
health.
10.
China
is
committed
to
building
a
community
with
a
shared
(share)future
for
humanity.
Ⅱ.
选词填空
take
action,
make
it,
in
peace,
make
a
difference,
millions
of,
pick
up,
think
of,
set
up,
all
around
the
world,
in
addition
to
1.
Instead,
he
decided
to
take
action
on
his
own.
?
2.
Either
you
or
your
brother
is
to
pick
up
Tom
at
the
airport.
?
3.
It
consists
of
millions
of
pages
of
data.
?
4.
What
do
you
think
of
the
meeting
held
yesterday?
?
5.
A
big
supermarket
and
more
than
twenty
different
shops
have
been
set
up
here
since
last
year.
?
6.
There
are
many
government
flags
flowing
in
the
United
States
in
addition
to
the
national
flag.
?
7.
It
is
believed
that
the
place
will
become
a
paradise
if
all
people
live
in
peace.
?
8.
Travelers
brought
back
wonderful
photos
from
all
around
the
world.
?
9.
I
couldn’t
shake
the
idea
that
I’d
make
a
difference
in
the
life
of
a
special
little
girl.
?
10.
It
is
seen
as
character
building
and
a
chance
to
prove
that
they
can
make
it
on
their
own.
?
Ⅲ.
完成句子
1.
They
went
off
together
and
left
me
sitting
there
alone.
?
他们一起离开了,
让我独自一人坐在那里。(leave
sb.
/sth.
doing)
2.
“All
right,
I’ve
been
reading
it.
So
what?
”?
“Curiosity
killed
the
cat.
That’s
what.
”
“好吧,
我是一直在读这个,
那又怎么样?
”
“不怎么样,
只是好奇心害死猫。”
3.
I
would
appreciate
it
if
you
could
accept
my
invitation.
?
如果你能接受我的邀请,
我会非常感激。(if引导虚拟语气句)
4.
It’s
a
very
difficult
examination;
are
you
sure
you
can
make
it?
?
这次考试很难,
你确定你能通过吗?
(make
it)
5.
What
surprised
me
most
was
the
way
(that/in
which)
she
spoke
to
her
father.
?
最令我惊奇的是她对她父亲说话的方式。(what引导名词性从句)
Ⅰ.
完形填空
(2020·南昌高一检测)
We
have
spent
thousands
of
years
fighting
for
our
survival.
Yet
now
we
have
1
that
our
planet
is
under
threat.
It’s
time
we
woke
up
to
the
problems
and
started
repairing
the
damage.
?
One
of
the
major
problems
is
the
destruction
of
the
rainforests
in
South
America.
They
are
2
to
half
the
world’s
species
and
to
millions
of
people.
Moreover,
the
rainforests
3
the
air
by
taking
in
carbon
dioxide
and
giving
out
oxygen.
The
trees
are
being
cut
down
for
paper
or
to
make
room
for
cattle
farms.
So
birds
and
animals
4
their
homes
and
die.
This
destruction
is
also
bringing
about
changes
in
the
climate,
air
pollution
and
flooding.
If
we
5
to
burn
and
cut
down
the
rainforests
as
we
are
doing
now,
the
earth
will
6
restore.
?
Another
big
7
is
water
pollution.
Factories
are
polluting
our
rivers
and
lakes
with
dangerous
chemicals.
Tons
of
waste
is
poured
into
our
seas.
8 ,
sea
life
is
in
danger.
?
9
pollution
is
another
important
issue.
The
cars
and
factories
in
and
around
our
cities
are
giving
off
10
gases.
In
the
past
few
years,
more
and
more
people
than
ever
before
have
breathing
problems.
If
we
don’t
do
something
now,
our
cities
will
become
11
to
live
in.
?
12 ,
it
is
not
too
late
to
solve
these
problems.
We
have
the
time,
the
money
and
even
the
technology
to
prepare
the
way
for
a
better,
cleaner
and
13
future.
We
can
plant
trees
and
build
parks
for
the
species
in
danger.
We
can
put
pressure
on
those
in
power
to
14 .
Together
we
can
save
our
planet.
All
we
need
to
do
is
open
our
eyes
and
act
15 .
?
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。人类为了生存在地球上奋斗了几千年,
但现在由于过度砍伐,
地球面临极大的危险,
人类必须采取积极的行动保护地球。
1.
A.
discovered
B.
guessed
C.
predicted
D.
forgotten
【解析】选A。句意:
我们为了生存奋斗了几千年,
然而现在我们发现地球面临威胁。discovered发现;
guessed猜测;
predicted预测;
forgotten忘记。根据下文内容可知,
虽然我们为了生存奋斗了几千年,
然而现在地球面临威胁。
2.
A.
secret
B.
home
C.
hope
D.
belief
【解析】选B。句意:
南美热带雨林是世界上一半物种和几百万人的家园。secret秘密;
home家;
hope希望;
belief信念。根据下文So
birds
and
animals
______their
homes可知,
这里表示物种的家园。?
3.
A.
need
B.
heat
C.
clean
D.
produce
【解析】选C。句意:
而且,
热带雨林通过吸收二氧化碳放出氧气来清洁空气。
need需要;
heat把……加热;
clean清洁;
produce生产。根据常识可知,
树木是通过吸收二氧化碳放出氧气来清洁空气。
4.
A.
find
B.
visit
C.
lose
D.
leave
【解析】选C。句意:
所以鸟儿和动物们失去家园而死亡。find发现;
visit参观;
lose失去;
leave离开。树木被砍伐,
鸟儿和动物失去家园而死亡。
5.
A.
fail
B.
start
C.
stop
D.
continue
【解析】选D。句意:
如果我们继续像现在这样燃烧和砍伐热带雨林,
地球将再也不会恢复原样。
fail失败;
start开始;
stop停止;
continue继续。根据下一句the
earth
will
______restore.
表示假设继续破坏热带雨林,
地球将不再恢复如初。?
6.
A.
still
B.
never
C.
always
D.
almost
【解析】选B。句意:
如果我们继续像现在这样燃烧和砍伐热带雨林,
地球将再也不会恢复原样。
still仍然;
never从不;
always总是;
almost几乎。破坏后,
再也无法还原。
7.
A.
choice
B.
problem
C.
goal
D.
view
【解析】选B。句意:
另一个大问题是水污染。
choice选择;
problem问题;
goal目标;
view看法。根据上一段第一句One
of
the
major
problems
is
the
destruction
of
the
rainforests
in
South
America.
可知,
这一段要讲另一个问题。
8.
A.
For
example
B.
As
usual
C.
On
the
whole
D.
As
a
result
【解析】选D。句意:
成吨的废物被排放到海里,
结果造成海洋生物处于危险中。for
example例如;
as
usual像平常一样;
on
the
whole总的来说;
as
a
result结果。成吨的废物被排放到海里造成海洋生物处于危险中。
9.
A.
Air
B.
Noise
C.
Light
D.
Soil
【解析】选A。句意:
空气污染是另一个重要的问题。
air空气;
noise噪音;
light光;
soil土壤。根据下一句汽车和工厂排放的是有害气体可知,
这段讲述空气污染。
10.
A.
pleasant
B.
unknown
C.
useless
D.
harmful
【解析】选D。句意:
城市里和周围的汽车和工厂排放的是有害气体。
pleasant愉悦的;
unknown未知的;
useless无用的;
harmful有害的。根据下文more
and
more
people
than
ever
before
have
breathing
problems.
可知,
更多人有呼吸问题,
说明汽车和工厂排放的是有害气体。
11.
A.
impossible
B.
illegal
C.
crowded
D.
healthy
【解析】选A。句意:
如果我们不做些什么,
我们的城市将不能居住。
impossible不可能的;
illegal非法的;
crowded拥挤的;
healthy健康的。污染严重而不采取措施,
城市将不适合人们居住。
12.
A.
Surprisingly
B.
Fortunately
C.
Interestingly
D.
Strangely
【解析】选B。句意:
幸运的是,
现在解决这些问题还不晚。
Surprisingly惊讶地;
Fortunately幸运地;
Interestingly有趣地;
Strangely奇怪地。根据下一句it
is
not
too
late
to
solve
these
problems.
可知,
还有挽回的余地,
这是幸运的事。
13.
A.
bigger
B.
safer
C.
longer
D.
simpler
【解析】选B。句意:
我们有时间、金钱甚至科技为更好、更清洁、更安全的未来扫除障碍。bigger更大的;
safer更安全的;
longer更长的;
simpler更简单的。与a
better,
cleaner并列的形容词结合水污染和空气污染造成的危害,
说明应使地球变得更安全。
14.
A.
take
care
B.
take
turns
C.
take
risks
D.
take
action
【解析】选D。句意:
我们可以给当权者施加压力让他们采取行动。
take
care照顾;
take
turns轮流;
take
risks冒险;
take
action行动。根据下文Together
we
can
save
our
planet.
可知,
我们一起采取行动。
15.
A.
immediately
B.
patiently
C.
politely
D.
slowly
【解析】选A。句意:
我们所需要做的是睁开双眼立刻行动。
immediately马上;
patiently耐心地;
politely礼貌地;
slowly缓慢地。问题亟待解决当然倡导人类马上行动起来,
刻不容缓。
Ⅱ.
阅读填句
(2020·福州高一检测)
What
will
recycling
look
like
in
10
years?
As
businesses
rush
to
become
greener,
this
is
what
recycling
may
look
like
a
decade
from
now.
To
begin
with,
more
goods
will
be
made
of
existing
materials.
The
increase
in
the
reuse
of
existing
materials,
including
recycled
plastics,
glass
and
more
will
reduce
the
demand
for
raw
materials
(原材料).
You’ll
find
more
clothing,
toys,
park
benches,
etc.
made
of
recycled
water
bottles.
1 .
Thus
all
resources
will
be
kept
in
circulation
(流通)
with
no
end.
?
Reusable
products
will
become
more
popular.
Not
only
will
companies
take
up
the
duty
to
reduce
waste.
2 .
Take
single-use
straws
(吸管)
for
example.
They’ve
been
banned
everywhere
because
they
are
so
bad
for
the
environment
and
wildlife.
Furthermore,
beginning
in
2021
the
European
Union
will
ban
single-use
plastics.
3 ;
we
also
need
to
change
consumers’
habits
by
changing
the
way
they
think
about
single-use
plastics.
?
Chemical
recycling
may
become
common.
Though
the
field
is
still
in
its
early
stages,
the
process
of
chemical
recycling
may
increase
in
the
coming
years.
4 .
“This
is
all
just
a
huge
expensive
business,
”
Denise
Patel
said,
adding
that
reducing
the
overall
use
of
plastic
is
a
better
solution.
?
5 .
Currently,
thin
plastic
isn’t
often
recycled.
As
it’s
so
lightweight,
it
can
jam
recycling
machinery;
but
throwing
it
out
isn’t
ideal
either.
After
all,
it
takes
about
450
years
to
break
down.
You
can
return
it
to
a
store
that
collects
them,
or
use
a
service
that
picks
up
hard-to-recycle
items
from
your
home
for
a
fee.
?
A.
We
cannot
rely
only
on
recycling
B.
New
plastic
is
cheaper
than
recycled
plastic
C.
In
the
future,
thin
plastics
will
be
recycled
more
readily
D.
However,
chemical
recycling
is
not
without
disagreement
E.
This
creates
an
economy
where
no
resource
will
be
wasted
F.
Individuals
(个人)
will
also
be
expected
to
use
more
reusable
products
G.
The
campaign
puts
the
focus
on
individuals
to
clean
up
their
plastic
mess
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍未来废品回收利用的情况。
1.
【解析】选E。设空句下文Thus
all
resources
will
be
kept
in
circulation
with
no
end.
(因此所有资源都会得到循环使用,
没有结束),
这句是对选项E“这创造了一个经济,
在这个经济体系中不会浪费任何资源”的解释说明。词汇复现:
resource,
只有选项E符合语境。
2.
【解析】选F。设空句所在段落的主题句Reusable
products
will
become
more
popular.
(将来,
循环使用会变得更加流行),
结合设空句前句“Not
only
will
companies
take
up
the
duty
to
reduce
waste.
”(不仅公司要承担起减少浪费的责任。)可推断,
下文会谈个人,
选项F中
Individuals个人,
符合逻辑。
3.
【解析】选A。设空句下句“we
also
need
to
change
consumers’
habits
by
changing
the
way
they
think
about
single-use
plastics.
”可知,
我们也需要改变消费者的习惯,
句中的“also”,
提示设空句要有词汇与此呼应,
选项A中only呼应,
构成完整的信息链。
4.
【解析】选D。设空句下句“This
is
all
just
a
huge
expensive
business,
”(
这一切都花费巨大)可知,
这是对回收利用废品的一种批评意见,
选项D中的disagreement不同,
分歧,
上下句相呼应,
构成完整的信息链。
5.
【解析】选C。根据下文“Currently,
thin
plastic
isn’t
often
recycled.
”(目前,
薄塑料不经常被回收。)是关于在未来人们如何回收超薄的塑料,
选项C中的thin
plastics,
与段落主题词吻合,
与该段落介绍内容一致。
PAGEUnit
8 Green
Living
Lesson
2
&
Lesson
3
词汇知识·自主学习
Ⅰ.
根据语境写出正确的单词
1.
the
founder
of
NPO-Green-life
NPO-Green-life的创始人
2.
have
a
contented
life
过着满足的生活
3.
vast
areas
of
dry
lands
with
little
agriculture
大面积几乎没有农业的干旱土地
4.
agree
with
her
proposal
同意她的建议
5.
plant
trees
in
the
region
在这个地区种树
6.
only
a
slim
chance
机会渺茫
7.
have
a
survival
rate
of
85%
存活率是85%?
8.
a
couple
of
quotes
两句引言
9.
admire
her
strength
in
overcoming
such
a
great
personal
loss
钦佩她克服如此巨大的个人损失的力量
10.
make
sb’s
dream
come
true
(使)某人的梦想成真?
11.
with
her
determination
to
make
her
son’s
dream
a
reality
她有决心让儿子的梦想成为现实
12.
the
former
and
current
conditions
in
the
desert
沙漠过去和现在的情况
13.
plenty
of
places
for
bicycle
parking
有很多地方可以停放自行车
14.
a
computer
tracking
system
一个电脑跟踪系统
15.
pedal
its
way
around
the
world
骑着自行车环游世界
Ⅱ.
根据语境选择恰当的介、副词填空
1.
Instead,
it’s
a
healthy
way
to
work
through
the
experience
to
allow
room
for
positive
growth
and
forgiveness.
2.
I
was
amazed
that
he’d
come
up
with
this
sweet
idea.
3.
Clearly,
people
enjoy
the
benefits
of
lighting
their
evenings.
?
4.
E-mails
and
faxes
convey
information
in
a
matter
of
seconds.
5.
Thanks
to
the
help
I
received
that
difficult
first
year,
the
school
is
my
home
now.
6.
Sort
out
different
kinds
and
put
in
different
dustbins.
7.
Food
prices
have
increased
because
of
higher
oil
prices.
Ⅲ.
根据课文补全句式
1.
They
were
hopeful
that
this
would
help(他们希望这将有助于)
to
save
energy,
reduce
pollution,
and
provide
free
public
transport.
?
2.
To
take
a
bicycle(为了骑自行车),
you
had
to
put
in
a
special
card.
?
3.
In
1999,
the
“white
bikes”
returned
to
Amsterdam—this
time
with
a
computer
tracking
system
(用电脑跟踪系统)to
record
their
every
move!
?
4.
People
would
leave
the
bike
in
the
place
where
they
finished
their
journey,
so
that
someone
else
could
then
take
it
(这样其他人就可以从那里拿到它)and
use
it
from
there.
?
5.
They
believed
that
it
would
be
better
for
everybody(那对每个人都更好)
if
cars
weren’t
allowed
in
the
city
centre
and
only
bicycles
were.
?
阅读精析·合作学习
Task
1 框架宏观建构:
整体理解?
1.
Skim
the
passage
and
fill
in
the
blanks
Para.
1:
The
reason
of
the
“white
bikes”’s
①________?
in
Amsterdam.
Para.
2:
The
②__________
of
the
“white
bikes”’s
concept.
?
Para.
3:
The
“white
bikes”’s
③__________
.
?
Paras.
4-6:
The
“white
bikes”’s
④__________
on
the
globle,
especially
in
China.
?
答案:
①popularity ②resource ③return ④influence
2.
What
is
the
text
type
of
the
passage?
A.
Narrative
Essay
(记叙文)
B.
Argumentative
Essay
(议论文)
C.
Expository
Writing
(说明文)
D.
Practical
Writing
(应用文)
答案:
C
3.
What’s
the
main
idea
of
this
passage?
This
passage
is
mainly
about
the
development
process
of
“white
bikes”
in
Amsterdam
and
its
influence
on
the
world,
especially
in
China.
?
【寻技巧·提能力】
理解事件的发展
事件的发展讲述了一个事件如何跟随另一个事件创造一个特定的情境。
·找出事件的起点。
·找出事件发生的时间和地点。
·找出发展中出现的问题以及发展的后果。
Task
2 文本微观剖析:
细节探究?
1.
Choose
the
best
answer.
(1)Why
can
people
enjoy
free
cycling
in
Amsterdam?
A.
Because
the
city
is
flat.
B.
Because
there
are
many
parking
lots.
C.
Because“white
bikes”are
available.
D.
Because
there
are
many
cycling
fans.
(2)Why
are
bicycles
used
in
Amsterdam?
①To
save
energy.
②To
sell
more
bicycles.
③To
provide
free
public
transport.
④To
reduce
pollution.
A.
①③④
B.
①②③
C.
②③④
D.
①④
(3)In
the
1960s,
the
free
use
of
bicycles
failed
because
of
______.
?
A.
their
bright
colours
B.
poor
management
C.
people’s
disagreement
D.
inconvenience
of
parking
(4)What
is
the
last
paragraph
about?
A.
The
current
situation
and
future
of
shared
bikes
in
China.
B.
The
problem
of
shared
bikes.
C.
The
benefits
of
shared
bikes.
D.
The
master
of
shared
bikes.
答案:
(1)～(4)
CABA
2.
Reread
the
passage
and
fill
in
the
blanks.
“WHITE
BIKES”ON
THE
ROAD
Popularity
of
the
“white
bikes”
Its
flat
terrain,
plenty
of
places
for
(1)bicycle
parking
and
having
a
bicycle
path
in
most
streets
in
the
city
centre.
(2)Appearance
of
the
“white
bikes”
In
the
1960s,
a
group
of
cycling
fans
came
up
with
an
idea.
Soon
after,
however,
problems
came
up
and
the
“white
bikes”
all
(3)disappeared
because
thieves
stole
them
all
in
a
matter
of
weeks!
Return
of
the
“white
bikes”
In
1999,
the
“white
bikes”
returned
to
Amsterdam.
Every
bicycle
had
a
computer
chip
to
(4)record
its
every
move,
and
everyone
who
wanted
to
take
a
bicycle
had
to
(5)insert
a
special
card.
Good
effects
of
the
“white
bikes”
People
can
enjoy
(6)clean
air
and
easy
transport
in
central
Amsterdam,
and
the
idea
of
“white
bikes”
has
pedalled
its
way
around
the
world
and
there
has
been
a
global
increase
in
(7)bike-sharing.
The
current
situation
and
future
of
the
shared
bikes
in
China
In
China,
more
and
more
cities
have
their
own
“white
bike”
programmes.
Although
some
problems
can
also
(8)develop,
the
future
is
bright.
3.
Long
sentence
analysis.
(1)They
(主语)believed
(谓语)
that
it
would
be
better
for
everybody(宾语从句)
if
cars
weren’t
allowed
in
the
city
centre
and
only
bicycles
were(条件状语从句).
?
译文:
他们认为如果不让汽车驶入市中心,
只让自行车进入,
那会对每个人都更有好处。
(2)The
bikes(主语)were
parked
(谓语)at
special
parking
places.
(状语)
Thus(并列连词)people
(主语)who
wanted
to
use
them
(定语从句)had
to
take
(谓语)them
(间接宾语)to
another
special
parking
place(直接宾语).
?
译文:
自行车被放在特定的停放处,
因此想使用自行车的人必须把自行车停放在另一个特定停放处。
Task
3 阅读思维升华:
主题实践?
1.
Why
did
cycling
fans
put
forward
the
idea
of“white
bikes”in
the
1960s?
(Critical
Thinking批判性思维)
Because
they
hoped
that
this
would
help
to
save
energy,
reduce
pollution
and
provide
free
public
transport.
?
2.
What
effects
have
“white
bikes”had
on
Amsterdam?
(Critical
Thinking
批判性思维)
People
can
now
enjoy
clean
air
and
easy
transport
in
central
Amsterdam.
?
3.
Why
has
the
idea
spread
to
other
parts
of
the
world
in
recent
years?
(Creative
Thinking
创造性思维)
In
my
opinion,
the
reasons
are
as
follows:
First,
it
can
reduce
pollution
and
protect
the
environment.
Second,
it
is
more
convenient
when
you
are
stuck
in
the
traffic
jam.
Third,
it
can
build
our
body
and
save
money.
?
要点精研·探究学习
1.
contented
adj.
满意的;
满足的
There
has
been
a
recent
trend
in
the
food
service
industry
toward
lower
fat
content
and
less
salt.
最近在食品服务行业出现了低脂肪和低盐的趋势。
All
the
works
that
will
be
exhibited
are
original,
rich
in
content
and
diverse
in
form.
所有参展作品都是原创的,
内容丰富,
形式多样。
He
is
content
to
live
in
the
countryside.
他满足于住在乡下。
Fire
has
caused
severe
damage
to
the
contents
of
the
building.
大火导致那栋大楼里的东西严重损毁。
Andy
is
content
with
the
toy.
安迪对这个玩具很满意。
【导图理词】
【巧学助记】
Professor
Smith
contents
himself
with
the
content
of
his
essay,
but
he
isn’t
still
content
with
the
style
of
his
writing.
史密斯教授对他的文章内容感到满意,
但对他的写作风格还不满意。
Content
is
better
than
riches.
知足者常乐。
(1)语法填空。
①He
is
content
to
live
(live)
in
the
countryside.
?
②She
hadn’t
read
the
letter
and
so
was
unaware
of
its
contents(content).
③I’m
perfectly
content
with
the
way
the
campaign
has
gone.
④Digital
content
is
(be)so
easily
accessible
nowadays
that
young
people
may
just
assume
books
to
be
free
and
are
not
ready
to
pay
for
it.
(2)一句多译。
很多人都满足于常规生活。
Many
men
are
content
with
a
routine
life.
(content
adj.
)?
=Many
men
content
themselves
with
a
routine
life.
(content
v.
)?
2.
occur
vi.
发生;
出现
(2018·天津高考)It
seldom
occurred
to
them
to
wander
a
bit,
to
take
a
moment
to
see
what’s
around
them.
他们很少想到要出去走走,
花点时间看看周围的环境。
Jack
was
working
in
the
lab
when
the
power
cut
occurred.
杰克正在实验室里工作,
这时突然停电了。
The
idea
occurred
to
him
in
a
dream.
这个主意是他在梦中想到的。
It
didn’t
occur
to
her
to
ask
for
help.
她没想到请别人帮忙。
sth.
occurs/occurred
to
sb.
事被某人想起
It
occurs/occurred
to
sb.
that.
.
.
某人想起……
It
occurs/occurred
to
sb.
to
do
sth.
某人想起做某事
【易混辨析】
词形
词义
搭配
occur
发生
指“发生”时可与happen换用,
但后接to
sb.
/sth.
时,
两者含义不同,
It/Sth.
occurs
to
sb.
that=It/Sth.
strikes/hits
sb.
that
.
.
.
指“某种思想等呈现于某人的知觉中”
happen
偶然发生,
碰巧
指“偶然发生”时,
主语为“事”;
当主语是“人”时,
意为“碰巧”。happen
to
sb.
/sth.
指“不好的事情发生在某人(物)身上”
take
place
发生,
举行某种活动
可与happen或occur换用,
但其后面一般不接to
sb.
/sth.
结构;
指“必然会发生的事情”时,
多用take
place;
此外take
place还可表示“举行某种活动”
Generally,
winter
solstice
occurs
between
December
21st
and
23rd.
冬至一般是在公历十二月二十一日至二十三日之间。
(1)语法填空。
①It
occurred
to
me
that
I
played
an
important
part
in
their
lives.
②It
had
never
occurred
to
him
that
he
might
be
falling
in
love
with
Mary.
(2)Suddenly
a
good
idea
occurred
to
her,
but
she
didn’t
know
how
to
speak
it
out.
?
她突然想到了一个好主意,
但是她不知道如何说出来。
(3)I
suppose
it
didn’t
occur
to
you
to
phone
the
police.
?
我想你根本就没想到打电话报警。
【补偿训练】
(1)He
happened
to
know
the
place.
他碰巧知道那个地方。
(2)Didn’t
it
occur
to
you
to
phone
them?
你难道就没想过给他们打个电话?
(3)In
1919,
the
May
4th
Movement
took
place
in
China.
?
1919年,
中国发生了五四运动。
3.
survival
n.
继续生存,
幸存
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)None
of
these
seems
to
have
much
chance
of
survival.
这些似乎都没有多少存活的机会。
Of
the
six
people
injured
in
the
crash,
only
two
survived.
在这次撞车事故受伤的六人中,
只有两人活了下来。
Some
strange
customs
have
survived
from
earlier
times.
有些奇怪的风俗是从早年留存下来的。
She
survived
her
husband
by
ten
years.
丈夫死后她又活了十年。
There
are
only
a
few
survivors
from
the
original
team.
最初的队员只剩下几名了。
(1)survive
vt.
幸存;
生还;
幸免于;
比……活得长
vi.
幸存;
活下来
survive
sth.
在……之后仍然幸存
survive
sb.
(by.
.
.
)
比……活得长
survive
on
靠……存活下来
survive
from
从……流传/留存下来
(2)survivor
n.
幸存者
(1)语法填空。
①This
survivor
(survive)lost
at
least
two
family
members
in
the
floods.
②Exporting
is
necessary
for
our
economic
survival
(survive).
③It
was
a
positive
miracle
that
we
survived(survive).
(2)Life
isn’t
about
how
to
survive
from
storms,
but
how
to
dance
in
the
rain.
?
生活不是关于如何在风雨中生存,
而是如何在风雨中起舞。
(3)The
man
survived
his
wife
by
five
years,
during
which
he
lived
in
a
small
house.
?
那个男人比他妻子多活了五年,
在此期间他一直住在一所小房子里。
4.
rate
n.
比率,
率
The
number
of
reported
crimes
is
increasing
at
an
alarming
rate.
报警案件的数量正在以惊人的速度增长。
Most
people
walk
at
an
average
rate
of
5
kilometres
an
hour.
大多数人步行的平均速度为每小时5千米。
His
friends
liked
her.
—well,
most
of
them
at
any
rate.
他的朋友们很喜欢她。——嗯,
无论如何,
他们中大部分是这样的。
At
this
rate,
we’ll
soon
be
bankrupt.
照此情形,
我们很快就会破产。
at
a/the
rate
of
以……的速度;
按……比率
at
any
rate
无论如何,
不管怎样
at
this/that
rate
照此情形;
如此下去
(1)语法填空。
①They
were
rising
at
the
rate
of
20%
a
month
in
some
areas.
②Well,
that’s
one
good
piece
of
news
at
any
rate.
(2)Local
businesses
are
closing
at
a/the
rate
of
three
a
year.
?
地方企业正在以每年三家的速度关闭。
(3)At
this
rate,
we’ll
finish
our
work
in
two
days.
?
照此情形,
我们将在两天内完成工作。
5.
determination
n.
决心;
毅力
(2019·北京高考)With
her
talent
and
determination,
it
appears
that
the
sky
could
be
the
limit
for
Alice
Moore.
凭借她的才华和决心,
爱丽丝·摩尔似乎前途无量。
Where
he
once
felt
like
giving
up,
he
now
has
the
determination
to
push
further
and
keep
on
going.
在他曾经想放弃的地方,
现在他有决心前行,
并继续走下去。
We
intend
to
pursue
this
policy
with
determination.
我们准备坚决贯彻这项政策。
The
new
mayor
is
determined
to
clean
up
the
city.
新上任的市长决心要整治好这座城市。
I
determine
to
speak
the
truth.
我决定讲出真话。
It’s
difficult
to
determine
what
comes
first:
the
optimism
or
the
good
health.
很难说乐观和健康哪个是第一位的。
(1)with
determination
坚决地;
果断地
(2)determined
adj.
有决心的
be
determined
to
do
sth.
决心做某事
(3)determine
vt.
确定,
决定;
使下定决心
determine
on/upon
(doing)
sth.
决定(做)某事
determine
to
do
sth.
决定做某事
determine+that/wh-从句……
决定……
【巧学助记】
He
is
a
determined
person
and
once
he
determines
to
do
something,
he
will
finish
it
with
determination.
他是一个有决心的人,
一旦他决定做某事,
他就会坚决完成它。
(1)“决定做某事”的常见表达方式还有:
make
up
one’s
mind
to
do
sth.
,
decide
to
do
sth.
,
make
a
decision
to
do
sth.
;
(2)determined为形容词化的过去分词,
常作状语,
类似的词语还有:
(be)
lost
in,
(be)
faced
with,
(be)
dressed
in,
(be)
absorbed
in,
(be)
buried
in,
(be)
devoted
to等。
(1)语法填空。
①She
determined
to
work
(work)
twice
as
hard
as
before
to
make
up
for
the
lost
time.
?
②She
had
the
courage
and
determination(determine)
to
rise
above
her
physical
disability.
③Determined
(determine)
to
carry
out
the
plan
in
time,
they
will
make
careful
preparations.
(2)I
was
determined
to
succeed
and
be
proud
of
my
daily
progress.
?
我下定决心要成功并对自己每日的进步感到骄傲。
(3)Everyone
concerned
acted
with
great
courage
and
determination.
?
所有相关人员都表现出了极大的勇气和决心。
【补偿训练】
一句多译。
我已决定毕业后到农村去。
①I
have
determined
to
go
to
the
countryside
after
graduation.
(determine
to
do)?
②I
have
determined
on/upon
going
to
the
countryside
after
graduation.
(determine
on/upon)?
③I
have
determined
that
I
am
going
to
the
countryside
after
graduation.
(determine
that
.
.
.
)?
6.
work
through
调整(情绪)
To
work
through
these
emotions,
first
write
all
of
your
emotions
down.
要处理好这些情绪,
首先你得把它们写下来。
It
is
proving
hard
to
work
out
the
value
of
bankrupt
companies’
assets.
经证明,
计算出破产公司的资产价值较难。
I
do
some
voluntary
work
at
the
local
hospital.
我在当地医院从事一些义务性工作。
He
recommenced
work
on
his
novel.
他重新开始了自己的小说创作。
Hundreds
were
thrown
out
of
work.
数以百计的人遭到解雇。
work
out 锻炼身体,
做运动;
解决,
解答;
计算出;
产生结果,
发展;
制订出
work
on
从事……,
继续……
work
at
从事/致力于……
out
of
work
失业
(1)介、副词填空。
①It
is
understood
that
the
band
are
working
on
their
next
album.
②There
has
been
a
sharp
rise
in
the
number
of
people
out
of
work.
(2)The
three
parties
will
meet
next
month
to
work
out
remaining
differences.
?
这3个党派将在下月会晤来解决剩下的分歧。
(3)So
far
we’ve
worked
through
the
job,
but
there
have
been
times
when
I
wasn’t
sure
we
could.
?
现在我们已经熬过去了,
但是有好几次我都怀疑我们是否能够渡过难关。
7.
therefore
adv.
因此;
由此
Silence
may
be
viewed
by
some
cultural
groups
as
extremely
uncomfortable;
therefore
attempts
may
be
made
to
fill
every
gap
with
conversation.
沉默可能会被一些文化群体视为极度不舒服;
因此,
可以尝试用对话来填补每一个间隙。
He’s
only
17
and
therefore
not
eligible
to
vote.
他只有17岁,
因此没有投票选举的资格。
There
is
still
much
to
discuss.
We
shall,
therefore,
return
to
this
item
at
our
next
meeting.
要讨论的问题还有很多。因此,
我们将在下次会议上再讨论这项议题。
巧辨therefore与so
therefore是副词,
它不可以连接并列句,
只起承上启下的作用,
前为因,
后为果。so既可用作副词,
也可用作连词,
可以连接并列句。
Since
Vega
is
the
fifth
brightest
star
in
the
sky,
it
is
therefore
very
easy
to
spot
on
a
summer
night.
由于织女星是天空中第五亮的星星,
因此在夏夜很容易被发现。
(1)用therefore或so填空。
①There’s
something
wrong
with
his
computer,
and
therefore
he
can’t
surf
the
Internet.
②It
was
raining
heavily,
so
they
had
to
stay
at
home.
(2)He
studied
very
hard,
and
therefore
he
passed
the
exam.
他学习刻苦,
因此通过了考试。
8.
come
up
with
想出;
想到;
提出;
赶上
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Researchers
from
Georgia
Tech
say
that
they
have
come
up
with
a
low-cost
device(装置)that
gets
around
this
problem:
a
smart
keyboard.
佐治亚理工学院的研究人员说,
围绕这个问题,
他们已经提出了一种低成本的装置:
智能键盘。
The
subject
came
up
at
work.
这一话题在工作时被提及。
That
came
about
when
we
went
to
New
York
last
year.
那件事发生在去年我们去纽约时。
Come
on,
darling,
we’ll
be
late.
快点儿,
亲爱的,
我们要迟到了。
The
rain
stopped
and
the
sun
came
out.
雨停后太阳出来了。
This
is
the
worst
place
I’ve
come
across.
这是我到过的最糟糕的地方。
When
it
comes
to
other
people’s
arguments,
it’s
better
to
leave
well
alone.
遇到别人争论时,
最好别插嘴。
come
up 被提出;
走近;
上升;
发芽
come
about
发生
come
on
来吧;
赶快;
进行
come
out
出版;
出来;
出现;
结果是
come
across
(偶然)遇见;
发现;
被理解
come
to
苏醒;
总计;
达到
when
it
comes
to
.
.
.
当谈到……时
come
up的主语是物,
表示“(计划、建议、议题等)被提出”,
而come
up
with的主语是人或团体组织,
表示“(某人)提出”。
(1)介、副词填空。
①In
order
to
prevent
this
case
coming
about
again,
we
should
improve
our
awareness
of
saving
and
recycling
water.
②When
it
comes
to
students’
surfing
the
Internet,
some
people
think
students
can
benefit
from
it.
③When
walking
down
the
street,
I
came
across
David,
whom
I
hadn’t
seen
for
years.
④Several
new
books
will
have
come
out
by
the
end
of
next
month.
⑤Do
you
have
come
up
with
new
ideas?
If
so,
we
would
like
to
hear
from
you.
(2)When
he
came
to
and
raised
his
head,
he
saw
his
friends.
他苏醒过来,
抬起头看见了他的朋友们。
(3)He
came
across
this
story
while
he
was
doing
a
computer
search
of
local
news
articles.
?
他在电脑上搜索地方新闻文章时发现了这篇报道。
9.
disappear
vi.
消失;
不见
Her
nervousness
quickly
disappeared
once
she
was
on
stage.
她一走上台紧张情绪便迅速消失了。
Mist
was
rising,
and
trees
and
shrubs
began
to
disappear
in
a
milk-white
haze.
薄雾正在升起,
树木和灌木丛开始消失在一片乳白色的雾霭之中。
(1)disappear
from 消失在……
(2)disappearance
n.
消失;
不见
(3)appear
vi.
出现;
好像
(4)appearance
n.
外貌,
外观;
出现,
露面
(1)语法填空。
①Police
are
looking
into
the
disappearance
(appearance)
of
two
children.
②His
appearance(appear)
was
different
from
when
he
was
in
high
school.
(2)The
dog’s
sudden
appearance
(狗的突然出现)
terrified
the
thief
away.
?
(3)A
year
later,
she
made
her
first
public
appearance(首次公开演出)
at
Nashville’s
country
music
hall.
?
(4)Lisa
watched
until
the
train
disappeared
from
view
.
?
莉萨一直看着火车从视线中消失。
10.
In
1999,
the
“white
bikes”
returned
to
Amsterdam—this
time
with
a
computer
tracking
system
to
record
their
every
move!
1999年,
“白色自行车”
回到了阿姆斯特丹,
这次车安装了电子跟踪系统以记录它们的“一举一动”!
?
【句式解构】
本句中with
a
computer
tracking
system
to
record.
.
.
是“with+宾语+宾语补足语”组成的with复合结构。
The
English
class
ended
with
all
singing
an
English
song.
英语课以全体合唱一首英语歌而结束。
Before
he
came
here,
my
father
used
to
sleep
with
his
eyes
open.
我父亲来这儿之前,
他常常睁着眼睛睡觉。
We
went
home
with
our
work
over.
我们工作做完就回家了。
The
teacher
came
into
the
classroom
with
a
book
in
his
hand.
=
The
teacher
came
into
the
classroom,
book
in
hand.
老师手里拿着本书走进了教室。
He
stood
for
an
instant
with
his
hand
still
raised.
他站了一会儿,
他的手仍然举着。
With
something
important
to
talk
about
with
you,
you
must
stay
here.
由于有很重要的事情和你商量,
你必须留下。
with复合结构
(1)with复合结构在句中可作状语,
表示行为方式、伴随情况、时间、原因或条件等。常见形式如下:
(2)在“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中,
不定式表示将来的动作;
现在分词强调这一动作和前面的宾语是主动关系,
或者指这一动作正在进行;
过去分词所表示的动作与前面的宾语是被动关系,
或者指这一动作已完成。
(1)语法填空。
①He
left
the
house
with
the
tap
running
(run).
②I
can’t
go
out
with
all
these
clothes
to
wash
(wash).
?
③He
sat
there
with
his
eyes
closed
(close).
(2)I
like
to
live
in
the
house
with
its
windows
facing
the
sea.
?
我喜欢住在窗户面向大海的房子里。
(3)He
went
out
of
the
library
with
a
book
under
his
arm.
?
他胳膊下夹着一本书走出了图书馆。
11.
To
take
a
bicycle,
you
had
to
put
in
a
special
card.
?
要使用自行车,
必须插入专用的卡片。
【句式解构】
本句中to
take
a
bicycle
为动词不定式短语,
在句中作目的状语。
To
avoid
any
delay
please
phone
your
order
direct.
为避免延误,
请直接打电话预订。
I
have
done
a
comparative
analysis
to
illustrate
my
point.
我做了对比分析来说明我的观点。
Many
farmers
fertilize
their
crops
in
order
to
make
them
grow
more
quickly.
许多农民给庄稼施肥,
为的是让庄稼长得更快些。
I’ll
write
down
his
telephone
number
so
as
not
to
forget
it.
我要把他的电话号码写下来,
以免忘记。
动词不定式(短语)作目的状语,
在形式上有时与结果状语一样。但是位于句首的一定是目的状语,
位于句末的既可能是目的状语也可能是结果状语,
这要根据上下文来判断。有时为了强调,
还可在不定式前加in
order或so
as。in
order
to可以用于句首或句末,
so
as
to不能用于句首。
(1)In
order
to/To
get
a
job
in
our
company,
she
told
a
lie.
?
为了得到我们公司的一份工作,
她撒了谎。
(2)She
swung
the
pork
in
her
hand
so
as
to/in
order
to
attract
the
lion’s
attention.
?
她把手中的猪肉晃来晃去,
以吸引狮子的注意。
【要点拾遗】
1.
benefit
n.
利益;
好处
vt.
有益于
vi.
受益
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)However,
if
others
benefit
in
the
process,
and
I
get
some
reward
too.
然而,
如果其他人在这个过程中受益,
我也会得到一些奖励。
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)There
are
a
lot
of
benefits
to
working
out,
especially
in
the
mornings.
锻炼有很多好处,
尤其是在早上。
The
new
regulations
will
be
of
benefit
to
everyone
concerned.
新规章将使所有有关人员受益。
I
might
benefit
from
getting
my
teeth
fixed.
把牙齿补好可能对我有好处。
You
need
people
working
for
the
benefit
of
the
community.
你需要一些为公共利益服务的人。
A
good
diet
is
beneficial
to
health.
良好的饮食有益于健康。
【导图理词】
(1)语法填空。
①I
have
benefited
a
lot
from
my
father’s
advice.
②Learning
English
is
of
great
benefit
to
your
future
job.
③Such
responses,
even
the
tears,
are
beneficial
to
one’s
long-term
health.
④It
was
for
the
benefit
of
your
company
that
we
did
that.
(2)一句多译。
众所周知,
出国旅游对我们有很多好处。
①As
we
all
know,
travelling
abroad
benefits
us
a
lot.
?
②As
we
all
know,
travelling
abroad
is
of
much
benefit
to
us.
?
③As
we
all
know,
travelling
abroad
is
very
beneficial
to
us.
?
2.
convenient
adj.
方便的,
便利的;
附近的
The
house
is
very
convenient
for
several
schools.
这所房子离几所学校都很近。
You’ll
find
these
meals
quick
and
convenient
to
prepare.
你会发现准备这样的饭既快又省事。
For
your
convenience,
I
will
call
you
next
week.
如果您方便的话,
我下周给您打电话。
I
hope
that
you
can
reply
to
my
letter
at
your
convenience.
我希望你方便时能够给我回信。
【导图理词】
convenient作表语时,
不可用人作主语,
而要用物或形式主语作主语。“当你方便的时候”应译成“When
it
is
convenient
to
you”而不能译成“When
you
are
convenient”。
(1)介词填空。
①Will
three
o’clock
be
convenient
for
you?
②Please
deliver
the
goods
at
your
earliest
convenience.
(2)Will
it
be
convenient
for
you
to
come
in
the
morning?
?
你上午来方便吗?
(3)The
hotel
has
a
restaurant
for
the
guests’
convenience.
?
这家旅馆为方便旅客设有餐厅。
3.
thanks
to
幸亏;
由于
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)I
became
interested
in
playing
football
thanks
to
a
small
accident.
由于一次小小的意外,
我对踢足球产生了兴趣。
Many
businesses
started
up
by
college
students
have
taken
off
thanks
to
the
comfortable
climate
for
business
creation.
多亏了良好的创业环境,
许多大学生的创业项目已经成功了。
Major
rivers
and
lakes
in
China
have
seen
their
water
levels
rise
due
to
continuous
downpours.
由于持续暴雨,
国内多条主要河流、湖泊出现水位上涨。
Tour
groups
were
suspended
because
of
the
epidemic.
由于疫情,
团队旅游被暂时叫停了。
The
game
was
cancelled
owing
to
torrential
rain.
比赛因大雨取消了。
【易混辨析】
due
to
意为“由于”,
常作表语
because
of
指原因,
意为“因为”,
用以指出理由,
常作状语
thanks
to
“多亏,
幸亏,
由于”,
常作状语,
尤用于解释某件好事发生的原因和过程
owing
to
“由于,
应归功于”,
可作状语和表语
(1)Thanks
to
the
help
of
the
PLA
men,
the
villagers
stuck
in
the
flood
were
saved.
?
多亏了解放军的帮助,
被洪水围困的村民们才得救。
(2)It
was
because
of
the
heavy
rain
that
he
came
late.
?
是因为大雨他迟到了。
(3)Many
species
are
dying
out
owing
to
the
loss
of
the
forest
home.
?
由于森林家园的丧失,
许多物种正在灭绝。
4.
People
would
leave
the
bike
in
the
place
where
they
finished
their
journey,
so
that
someone
else
could
then
take
it
and
use
it
from
there.
人们在行程结束时就地停放自行车,
以便其他人能继续使用。?
【句式解构】
本句中so
that引导目的状语从句,
意为“以便于”。
We
learn
English
so
that
we
may
get
more
knowledge.
我们学英语为的是获得更多的知识。
He
looked
down
so
that
she
should
not
see
his
eyes.
他朝下望着,
免得她看到他的眼睛。
She
burned
the
letters
so
that
her
husband
would
never
read
them.
她把那些信都烧了为的是永远不让她丈夫看见。
(1)so
that
引导目的状语从句,
作“以便”、“为的是”解,
从句中通常用may(might)或can(could)。如果so
that
引出的从句为否定结构,
则其谓语多用should
+
v.
,
此时,
so
that
常译为“免得”或“以免”。
(2)当so
that
从句和主句的主语一致时,
可用in
order
to
或不定式短语替换从句的后半部分,
其意义基本不变。
【知识延伸】
so
that和so
.
.
.
that
引导的表示结果的状语从句。
(1)so
that
引导的表示结果的状语从句作“因此”、“以致”、“所以”解。so
that
与so
.
.
.
that
的意思相近,
但后者含有表示程度的意思,
而前者却没有。
(2)so.
.
.
that
引导的结果状语从句中,
so.
.
.
that
意为“如此……以致”。so
是副词,
用以修饰其后的形容词或副词,
说明其程度的大小。
so.
.
.
that句型中的that
在口语中常可以省去,
其意思不变。
so.
.
.
that句型中的“so+形容词(副词)”可以提至句首,
以加强语气,
但要注意用倒装语序。
He
spoke
clearly,
so
that
everybody
understood
him.
他讲话讲得很清楚,
所以大家都听懂了。
The
story
was
so
funny
that
it
made
everybody
laugh.
这故事太滑稽了,
把大家都逗笑了。
So
bright
was
the
moon
that
the
flowers
were
bright
as
by
day.
在如此明亮的月光下,
花儿就像白天一样鲜艳。
(1)Give
me
their
names
so
that
I
can
call
them
up
and
discuss
it.
?
告诉我他们的名字,
这样我可以给他们打电话,
和他们进行讨论。
(2)He
worked
hard
at
his
lessons
so
that
he
could
gain
high
grades
in
the
exams.
?
他努力学习功课,
争取考试能获得好成绩。
(3)句式转换。
他们早早地起床为的是能够赶上第一班公交车。
They
got
up
early
so
that
they
could
catch
the
first
bus.
?
→They
got
up
early
in
order
to
catch
the
first
bus.
?
→They
got
up
early
to
catch
the
first
bus.
?
语法精讲·优化学习
一词多性
A:
What
do
you
think
of
your
manager,
Thomas?
B:
Well,
he
is
very
diligent,
even
with
a
staff
of
22
in
his
company,
he
often
devotes
up
to
50
hours
a
week
to
his
①cause.
A:
Oh,
great
man!
B:
I
think
I
should
learn
from
him.
Lack
of
diligence
always
②causes
failure
in
making
progress
in
career.
观察对话猜测黑体单词的词义:
①n.
事业 ②v.
引起,
导致
一词多性是英语词汇含义变化的基本特征,
是指通过改变一些词,
尤其是一些熟词的词性而发生意义的变化。英语中一词多性的单词有很多,
以下列举一些。
1.
address
n.
地址vt.
写地址vt.
发表(演说)
The
president
will
address
his
speech
at
3:
00
pm.
总统将在下午3点发表演讲。
2.
arrest
n.
&
vt.
逮捕vt.
吸引
The
loud
noise
arrested
our
attention.
巨大的噪音引起了我们的注意。
3.
back
prep.
后面
n.
后背
v.
支持
I’ll
back
him
against
all
the
others.
我会支持他反对所有其他人。
4.
better
adj.
&
adv.
较好的,
较好地
vt.
改善;
优化
A
key
first
step
in
bettering
your
evaluation
ability
is
to
look
carefully
at
your
sources
of
health
information.
提高你的评估能力的关键第一步是仔细查看你的健康信息来源。
5.
bridge
n.
桥vt.
消除隔阂
Not
white,
certainly,
but
not
really
Asian,
I
try
to
pave
the
way
between
the
two
worlds
and
bridge
the
gap
for
you.
当然不是白人,
但也不是真正的亚洲人,
我试图在两个世界之间铺路,
为你们架起桥梁。
写出加黑词的词性及汉语意思。
1.
Can
you
break
the
one
hundred
dollar
bill
and
give
me
some
change?
n.
零钱
2.
She
coached
me
in
playing
football.
vt.
指导
3.
Having
been
cheated
in
a
business
deal,
he
was
reduced
to
nothing.
n.
交易
4.
He
deserted
his
wife
and
children
and
went
abroad.
vt.
抛弃
5.
He
was
excused
from
piano
practice.
vt.
免除
6.
The
man
will
get
a
fine
if
he
parks
the
car
there.
n.
罚款
7.
As
we
know,
the
song
was
a
hit
at
that
time.
n.
风行一时的作品
8.
These
cottages
once
housed
early
settlers
as
they
worked
the
dry
Montana
soil;
now
they
hold
Twitter
engineers.
vt.
给……房子住
9.
She
matched
the
carpet
with
some
very
nice
curtains
in
colour.
v.
匹配
10.
It’s
hard
to
measure
his
ability
when
we
haven’t
seen
his
work.
vt.
判定
使用本单元所学的一词多性知识完成句子。
1.
Parents
and
children
should
communicate
more
to
narrow
the
gap
between
them
so
that
they
can
understand
each
other
better.
?
父母和孩子应该多交流,
缩小他们之间的差距,
这样他们才能更好地理解彼此。(narrow)
2.
Please
note
that
this
bill
must
be
paid
within
10
days.
?
请注意这张账单必须在10天内付清。(note)
3.
While
nursing
her
ill
elder
sister
throughout
the
years,
Charlotte
discovered
she
had
an
interest
in
medicine.
?
在照顾生病的姐姐的这些年里,
夏洛特发现自己对医学很感兴趣。(nurse)
4.
He
thirsts
for
knowledge.
?
他渴望知识。(thirst)
5.
I
would
like
to
picture
my
future
life
in
ten
years.
?
我想描绘我未来十年的生活。(picture)
课时素养评价
七
七 Unit
8 Lesson
2
&
Lesson
3
Ⅰ.
单句语法填空
1.
We
see
it
most
often
in
businesses
where
the
founder(found)
is
still
in
charge.
2.
What’s
more,
years
of
experience
of
being
a
monitor
makes
me
a
brilliant
organizer(organize).
3.
Whenever
he
returns
to
this
place,
he
is
happy
and
contented(content).
4.
The
majority
are
in
favour
of
the
proposal
(propose)that
we
should
save
water
in
our
daily
life.
?
5.
The
findings
suggest
that
the
human
brain
has
developed
this
special
ability
as
a
survival
(survive)method.
6.
Mary
shows
great
determination
(determine)
to
become
a
lawyer
in
future.
7.
When
the
new
ruler
came
to
power,
he
made
peace
with
all
his
former
(form)enemies.
8.
Not
in
an
emotional
way,
but
in
the
way
like
tracking(track)
monthly
budget?
9.
Wild
tigers
have
completely
disappeared(disappear)
from
the
region
since
the
late
1940s,
due
to
the
loss
of
habitats.
10.
This
was
the
good
idea
that
occured
(occur)first
to
my
mind.
Ⅱ.
选词填空
make
sb.
’s
dream
come
true,
work
through,
come
up
with,
thanks
to,
in
a
matter
of
1.
In
order
to
make
my
dream
come
true
I
must
study
hard
now.
?
2.
Once
you’ve
worked
through
your
new
independence
you
may
find
you
can
go
further.
?
3.
She
couldn’t
come
up
with
a
solution
to
the
problem,
so
she
turned
to
me
for
help.
?
4.
From
these
points,
the
summit
can
be
reached
in
a
matter
of
hours.
?
5.
Thanks
to
his
strong
constitution,
Jack
was
able
to
pull
through
his
recent
serious
illness.
?
Ⅲ.
完成句子
1.
Speak
louder
so
that
we
can
hear
you.
?
大点声说,
以便我们能听见。(so
that)
2.
To
be
a
winner,
you
need
to
give
all
you
have
and
try
your
best.
?
要想成为赢家,
你要付出所有并竭尽全力。(
to
do
sth.
)
3.
He
stood
at
the
door,
with
a
computer
in
his
hand.
?
他站在门口,
手里拿着一部电脑。(with复合结构)
4.
When
facing
hardships,
only
those
who
are
confident
will
achieve
success.
?
当面临困难时,
只有那些有信心的人才能取得成功。(who引导定语从句)
5.
If
my
brother
were
here,
everything
would
be
all
right.
?
要是我哥哥在这里的话,
一切都没问题了。(if引导虚拟语气)
Ⅰ.
阅读理解
(2020·太原高一检测)
If
you
live
in
Shanghai,
Beijing
or
many
other
cities,
you
may
see
many
orange
bicycles
on
the
streets
these
days.
These
bikes
are
owned
by
a
company
called
Mobike.
You
can
order
a
bike
through
an
app
on
your
phone.
When
you
find
a
bike,
you
just
scan
a
QR
code
(扫描二维码)
on
the
bike
so
you
can
use
it.
You
don’t
need
to
return
the
bike
to
a
station—you
can
park
it
anywhere.
China
was
known
as
“the
kingdom
of
bicycles”
about
30
years
ago.
But
more
people
choose
to
drive
cars
and
catch
the
subway
these
days.
Bike
rental(租赁)
services
like
Mobike
are
bringing
bikes
back.
“Back
then,
I
got
the
feeling
that
Chinese
people
were
trying
to
be
modern
and
push
away
the
past.
So
they
did
not
want
to
be
linked
with
bicycles,
”
said
Ines
Brunn,
a
German
woman
who
runs
a
bike
store
in
Beijing.
“I
do
believe
changes
in
people’s
tastes
will
shape
new
thinking
about
bikes.
”
Online
rental
services
are
making
biking
more
convenient,
but
it’s
still
not
easy
to
ride
bikes
in
Chinese
cities.
Cars
often
take
up
bicycle
lanes(道路).
Bikers
have
to
ride
next
to
cars
in
car
lanes,
which
can
be
very
dangerous.
Beijing
plans
to
build
over
3,
200
km
of
new
bike
lanes.
Drivers
who
drive
in
bike
lanes
will
be
punished.
Traffic
signs
will
be
put
up
to
better
protect
bikers.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。现在中国很多城市出现了一种新型的摩拜单车,
人们可以通过手机及相应的应用程序扫描二维码使用,
自行车租赁服务将自行车重新带回中国。而北京计划新建自行车道,
以便更好地保护骑自行车的人。
1.
What
do
you
need
to
do
if
you
want
to
use
a
Mobike?
A.
You
have
to
scan
a
QR
code.
B.
You
don’t
need
to
pay
for
it.
C.
You
don’t
have
to
return
it.
D.
You
have
to
pay
for
an
app.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段When
you
find
a
bike,
you
just
scan
a
QR
code
on
the
bike
so
you
can
use
it.
可知,
如果你想使用摩拜单车,
你必须扫描二维码。
2.
Which
of
the
following
is
NOT
true,
according
to
Paragraph
3?
A.
China
had
the
most
bicycles
in
the
world
about
30
years
ago.
B.
There
are
more
bicyclists
than
motorists
these
days.
C.
More
people
are
driving
cars
or
taking
the
subway
these
days.
D.
Bike
rental
services
are
becoming
more
popular.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第三段But
more
people
choose
to
drive
cars
and
catch
the
subway
these
days.
可知,
B选项“现在骑自行车的人比开车的人多”不正确。
3.
What
does
Ines
Brunn
mean
when
she
says
people’s
tastes
are
changing?
A.
Chinese
people
like
modern
things.
B.
Chinese
people
like
riding
bicycles.
C.
People
in
Beijing
are
changing
their
tastes.
D.
More
people
will
start
riding
bikes.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第四段“Back
then,
I
got
the
feeling
that
Chinese
people
were
trying
to
be
modern
and
push
away
the
past.
So
they
did
not
want
to
be
linked
with
bicycles,
”
said
Ines
Brunn,
a
German
woman
who
runs
a
bike
store
in
Beijing.
“I
do
believe
changes
in
people’s
tastes
will
shape
new
thinking
about
bikes.
”可知,
人们品味的改变意味着更多的人将开始骑自行车。
4.
Which
is
the
best
title
for
the
passage?
A.
How
to
use
a
Mobike
B.
Orange
bikes
will
be
fashionable
C.
Bringing
back
bikes
D.
Why
is
Beijing
building
new
bike
lanes
【解析】选C。主旨大意题。根据文章讲述摩拜单车在中国的使用和流行,
及第三段Bike
rental
services
like
Mobike
are
bringing
bikes
back.
可知,
C项“带回自行车”适合作文章标题。
Ⅱ.
完形填空
Last
year,
four
children
waited
for
their
school
bus
every
day
for
ten
minutes,
on
the
same
dirty
street
corner.
There
were
old
bottles,
parts
of
old
bikes,
and
1
soda
cans
everywhere
around
the
bus
stop.
The
trees
were
brown
and
had
no
leaves,
and
there
wasn’t
a
flower
in
sight.
It
was
2 .
?
One
day,
one
of
the
children
looked
at
the
corner
and
decided
to
do
something
about
it.
She
had
3
minutes
before
the
bus
arrived.
The
next
Monday,
she
brought
a
bag
and
collected
some
of
the
old
bottles
to
recycle.
On
4 ,
she
spent
another
ten
minutes
picking
up
old
bottles,
while
her
best
friend
picked
up
soda
cans
and
put
them
in
a
different
5
for
recycling.
On
Wednesday,
all
the
children
picked
up
the
remaining
recyclable
materials
and
put
everything
6
in
the
rubbish
can.
The
corner
was
clean!
?
The
corner
looked
7
but
it
was
still
ugly,
so
the
next
day
the
girl
brought
some
8
seeds.
She
planted
the
seeds
and
watered
them,
and
watered
the
9 ,
too.
She
only
had
ten
minutes
a
day
but
that
was
10 .
On
Friday,
the
children
found
more
11
on
the
ground
and
put
it
in
the
rubbish
can,
or
recycled
it.
?
After
one
month,
their
ugly,
dirty
corner
had
become
a
beautiful
12
with
pretty
flowers
and
healthy
trees.
It
only
took
ten
minutes
a
day.
Do
you
have
ten
minutes
a
day
to
13
your
city?
Imagine
what
a
beautiful
14
we
would
have
if
more
people
spent
ten
minutes
a
day
cleaning
up
and
making
their
15
more
attractive!
?
【文章大意】
本文是一篇记叙文。在公交车站等车的女孩发现周围的环境又脏又乱,
故每天花十分钟收拾垃圾,
种植花草。最后那里变成了一个干净美丽的花园。
1.
A.
full
B.
empty
C.
cheap
D.
expensive
【解析】选B。句意:
公交车站周围到处都是旧瓶子、旧自行车的零件和空的汽水罐。
full满的;
empty空的;
cheap便宜的;
expensive昂贵的。根据上文的
“old
bottles,
parts
of
old
bikes”可知,
此处指的是空的汽水罐。
2.
A.
cold
B.
gorgeous
C.
useless
D.
ugly
【解析】选D。句意:
这很难看。cold冷的;
gorgeous美丽动人的;
useless无用的;
ugly丑陋的。根据上文的
“The
trees
were
brown
and
had
no
leaves,
and
there
wasn’t
a
flower
in
sight.
”可知,
周围的树是棕色的,
也没有叶子,
视野内也没有一朵花,
可见非常丑。下文
but
it
was
still
ugly给出了提示。
3.
A.
ten
B.
fifteen
C.
twenty
D.
thirty
【解析】选A。句意:
她在公共汽车到达前有十分钟。ten十;
fifteen十五;
twenty二十;
thirty三十。根据下文的
“She
only
had
ten
minutes
a
day”可知她每天只有十分钟的时间。
4.
A.
Tuesday
B.
Sunday
C.
Saturday
D.
Friday
【解析】选A。句意:
周二,
她又花了十分钟去捡旧瓶子。Tuesday星期二;
Sunday星期日;
Saturday星期六;
Friday星期五。根据上文的
“The
next
Monday”以及下文的
“On
Wednesday”
可知,
此处描述的是周二小女孩做的事情。
5.
A.
car
B.
bus
C.
corner
D.
bag
【解析】选D。句意:
而她最好的朋友则拿起汽水罐,
放在另一个袋子里回收。
car汽车;
bus公共汽车;
corner角落;
bag袋子。根据上文的
“she
brought
a
bag
and
collected
some
of
the
old
bottles
to
recycle”可知,
这里指放在不同的袋子里面。
6.
A.
better
B.
useful
C.
else
D.
hard
【解析】选C。句意:
把其他的东西都放在垃圾桶里。
better更好的;
useful有用的;
else其他;
hard困难的。根据上文的
“all
the
children
picked
up
the
remaining
recyclable
materials”以及下文的
“rubbish
can”可知,
把可以回收利用的捡起来,
把其他的扔到垃圾桶。
7.
A.
nice
B.
wrong
C.
larger
D.
better
【解析】选D。句意:
角落看起来好多了,
但还是很丑。
nice令人愉快的;
wrong错误的;
larger更大的;
better更好的。根据下文的
“but
it
was
still
ugly”可知,
此处应表示转折,
虽看起来好多了,
但依然很丑。
8.
A.
tree
B.
flower
C.
vegetable
D.
fruit
【解析】选B。句意:
所以第二天女孩带来了一些花的种子。
tree树;
flower花;
vegetable蔬菜;
fruit水果。根据下文的
“She
planted
the
seeds
and
watered
them”和with
pretty
flowers可知,
她带了一些花的种子。
9.
A.
flowers
B.
vegetables
C.
trees
D.
plants
【解析】选C。句意:
她种下种子,
给它们浇水,
也给树浇水。flowers花;
vegetables蔬菜;
trees树;
plants植物。根据上文
“The
trees
were
brown
and
had
no
leaves”“She
planted
the
seeds
and
watered
them”以及下文的“healthy
trees”可知,
她给种子浇水,
也给树浇水。
10.
A.
enough
B.
limited
C.
long
D.
short
【解析】选A。句意:
她一天只有十分钟,
但那已经足够了。
enough足够的;
limited有限的;
long长的;
short短的。根据上下文可知,
她虽只有每天等车的十分钟,
但是已经足够了。最终使得公交车站周围的环境变得焕然一新。
11.
A.
seeds
B.
toys
C.
garbage
D.
bikes
【解析】选C。句意:
星期五,
孩子们在地上发现了更多的垃圾,
把它放在垃圾桶里,
或者回收。
seeds种子;
toys玩具;
garbage垃圾;
bikes自行车。根据下文的
“put
it
in
the
rubbish
can,
or
recycled
it”可知,
孩子们发现了更多的垃圾。
12.
A.
school
B.
home
C.
playground
D.
garden
【解析】选D。句意:
一个月后,
他们的丑陋、肮脏的角落变成了一个美丽的花园。
school学校;
home家;
playground操场;
garden花园。根据上文的
“beautiful”以及下文的
“pretty
flowers
and
healthy
trees”可知,
孩子们把丑陋、肮脏的角落变成了一个美丽的花园。
13.
A.
see
B.
visit
C.
help
D.
enjoy
【解析】选C。句意:
你每天有十分钟帮助你的城市吗?
see看见;
visit拜访;
help帮助;
enjoy享受。根据上文可知,
孩子们用每天的十分钟帮助周围的环境变得焕然一新,
故在此问读者:
你每天有十分钟帮助你的城市吗?
14.
A.
world
B.
school
C.
bus
stop
D.
corner
【解析】选A。句意:
想象一下,
我们将会拥有多么美丽的世界……world世界;
school学校;
bus
stop公交车站;
corner角落。根据下文的
“we
would
have
if
more
people
spent
ten
minutes
a
day
cleaning
up
”可知,
如果有更多的人每天花十分钟来打扫卫生,
我们将会拥有美丽的世界。
15.
A.
homes
B.
gardens
C.
villages
D.
surroundings
【解析】选D。句意:
如果有更多的人每天花十分钟来打扫卫生,
就会让周围的环境更吸引人。
homes家;
gardens花园;
villages村子;
surroundings环境。根据上文可知,
孩子们通过每天十分钟使得周围的环境变得更加美好了。故如果有更多的人每天花十分钟来打扫卫生,
就会让周围的环境更吸引人。
Ⅲ.
语法填空
(2020·枣庄高一检测)
The
way
we
cook
is
important.
In
many
countries,
the
two
choices
are
1.
__________(nature)
gas
or
electric-powered
stoves.
?
The
World
Health
Organization
warns
that
millions
of
people
2.
_______(suffer)
from
indoor
air
pollution
at
present
time,
which
results
from
the
use
of
3.
__________(danger)
fuels
and
cook-stoves
in
the
home.
WHO
officials
say
nearly
three
billion
people
are
4.
__________(able)
to
use
clean
fuels
and
technologies
for
cooking,
heating
and
lighting.
As
a
result,
more
than
seven
million
people
die
from
exposure
to
indoor
or
outdoor
air
pollution
each
year.
Most
of
the
deaths
are
in
5.
__________(develop)
countries,
such
as
India,
China
and
Latin
American
countries.
?
WHO
officials
say
opening
a
window
or
door
6.
__________(let)
out
the
harmful
air
will
not
correct
the
situation.
7.
__________will
only
pollute
the
outdoors.
Nigel
Bruce,
8.
__________
is
a
professor
of
Public
Health
at
the
University
of
Liverpool,
says
researchers
are
developing
good
cook-stoves
and
other
equipment
to
burn
fuels
9.
__________a
more
efficient
way.
But,
this
is
just
a
start.
It
is
urging
developing
countries
to
use
10.
__________(clean)
fuels
and
increase
access
to
cleaner
and
more
modern
cooking
and
heating
appliances
(用具).
?
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。在一些发展中国家,
做饭使用危险的燃料和炉灶造成了室内污染和人口死亡,
WHO给出解决此问题的建议。
1.
【解析】natural。通过空后的gas可知此处需要形容词来修饰名词gas,
natural
gas意为“天然气”。故填natural。
2.
【解析】are
suffering。通过下文的at
present
time可知,
这件事情是正在发生的,
用现在进行时,
意为“正在遭受”。故填are
suffering。
3.
【解析】dangerous。通过空后的fuels可知此处需要形容词修饰,
指“危险的燃料”,
故填dangerous。
4.
【解析】unable。根据上文的are可知需要用形容词作表语,
此处指三十亿人无法使用干净的燃料,
表示“不能”要加上否定前缀,
故填unable。
5.
【解析】developing。根据下文所举例子India,
China
and
Latin
American
countries可知,
这些国家都是发展中国家,
developing
countries意为“发展中国家”。故填developing。
6.
【解析】to
let。句中的opening
a
window
or
door的目的是让有毒的空气流通出去,
用不定式表示目的,
故填to
let。
7.
【解析】It/That。通过对上下文的理解可知,
这里所指内容为上文提到的开窗或门,
故用it或that指代这一行为。注意首字母大写。故填It/That。
8.
【解析】who。分析句子可知此处为非限制性定语从句,
先行词Nigel
Bruce指人,
在定语从句中作主语,
故填who。
9.
【解析】in。固定短语in
a...
way意为“用……的方法”,
此处指用更有效的方法,
故填in。
10.
【解析】cleaner。根据空后并列的increase
access
to
cleaner
and
more
modern
cooking
and
heating
appliances可知,
这里是指使用更干净的燃料,
增加使用更干净、更现代化的厨具和取暖器具的机会。与cleaner
and
more
modern并列用比较级,
故填cleaner。
【阅读多维训练】
Bikers
have
to
ride
next
to
cars
in
car
lanes,
which
can
be
very
dangerous.
分析:
本句中which引导定语从句,
代替前面整个句子。
译文:
在车道上,
骑自行车的人必须紧挨着汽车,
这是非常危险的。
语法填空
(2020·福州高一检测)
Environment-friendly
ideas
have
been
created
to
supply
people
with
helpful
1.
__________(tip)
on
how
they
can
help
the
environment
2.
__________
well
as
save
money.
I
honestly
believe
that
everyone
wants
to
help
the
environment,
even
if
they
do
or
do
not
believe
in
global
warming.
?
With
power
bills,
water
bills
and
all
other
expenses
3.
__________(continue)to
rise,
it’s
very
hard
for
the
average
worker.
No
matter
what
your
4.
___________
(finance)
position
is,
there
is
always
something
everyone
can
do
5.
__________
(help)
save
our
environment.
?
We
are
not
the
only
ones
that
live
on
this
6.
__________(amaze)
planet.
We
also
share
it
7.
__________a
wide
range
of
strange
and
wonderful
animals.
It
would
be
a
great
tragedy
if
they
8.
__________
(be)
not
around
for
our
future
generations
to
enjoy.
Every
little
bit
helps,
so
please
do
all
9.
__________
you
can
to
protect
our
environment
and
the
environment
of
these
surprising
animals.
?
I
hope
these
environment-friendly
ideas
can
help
everyone
to
do
10.
________
(they)
bit
for
the
environment
and
to
make
this
world
a
better
place.
?
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,
介绍了一些关于环保的想法。
1.
【解析】tips。句意:
环保思想已经被创造出来,
为人们提供如何帮助环境和省钱的有用建议。名词tip“建议”是可数名词,
前面没有冠词,
应使用名词复数,
故填tips。
2.
【解析】as。句意:
环保思想已经被创造出来,
为人们提供如何帮助环境和省钱的有用建议。固定搭配:
as
well
as“也,
和”。故填as。
3.
【解析】continuing。句意:
由于电费、水费和其他费用不断上涨,
普通工人的日子很不好过。此处是with的复合结构,
宾语power
bills,
water
bills
and
all
other
expenses和continue之间是一种主动关系,
用现在分词作宾语补足语,
故填continuing。
4.
【解析】financial。句意:
无论你的经济状况如何,
总有一些事情是每个人都可以做的,
以帮助拯救我们的环境。此处position是名词,
由形容词来修饰,
故填financial。
5.
【解析】to
help。句意:
无论你的经济状况如何,
总有一些事情是每个人都可以做的,
以帮助拯救我们的环境。此处是动词不定式作目的状语,
故填to
help。
6.
【解析】amazing。句意:
我们不是唯一生活在这个神奇星球上的。此处planet是名词,
由形容词来修饰,
amazing意思是“令人惊讶的”,
故填amazing。
7.
【解析】with。句意:
我们还与许多奇怪而奇妙的动物分享它。固定搭配:
share
sth.
with
“和……分享某物”。故填with。
8.
【解析】were。句意:
如果我们的后代不能享受它们,
那将是一个巨大的悲剧。此处是if引导的虚拟语气,
与现在的事实相反,
主句用would+动词原形,
则从句用一般过去时,
be动词在虚拟语气中的过去式用were,
故填were。
9.
【解析】that。句意:
每一点都有帮助,
所以请尽你所能来保护我们的环境和这些令人惊讶的动物的环境。此处不定代词all作先行词,
用关系代词that引导后面的定语从句,
故填that。
10.
【解析】their。句意:
我希望这些环保的想法可以帮助每个人都为环境尽一份力,
让这个世界变得更美好。此处bit是名词,
由形容词性物主代词修饰,
故填their。
PAGEUnit
8 Green
Living
Topic
Talk
聆听经典·话题热身
Earth
Song《地球之歌》,
是美国流行天王迈克尔·杰克逊于1995年发行的个人单曲,
收录于专辑History中。这首歌曲或许可以说是以“地球的名义”而唱的,
歌词内容大致是描述当时的环境和社会的破坏与不和谐,
表达了迈克尔·杰克逊对地球的热爱。此曲推出后大获好评,
成为迈克尔·杰克逊演唱会的保留曲目。?
注:
听音填空
Earth
Song
—Michael
Jackson
What
about
sunrise
①What
about
rain?
What
about
all
the
things
That
you
said
we
were
to
gain
What
about
killing
fields
Is
there
a
time
What
about
all
the
things
That
you
said
was
yours
and
mine
Did
you
ever
stop
to
notice
All
the
blood
we’ve
shed
before
Did
you
ever
stop
to
notice
The
crying
Earth
the
weeping
shores
What
have
we
done
to
the
world
②Look
what
we’ve
done?
What
about
all
the
peace
That
you
pledge
your
only
son
What
about
flowering
fields
Is
there
a
time
What
about
all
the
dreams
That
you
said
was
yours
and
mine
Did
you
ever
stop
to
notice
All
the
children
dead
from
war
Did
you
ever
stop
to
notice
The
crying
Earth
the
weeping
shores
③I
used
to
dream
?
I
used
to
glance
beyond
the
stars
Now
I
don’t
know
where
we
are
Although
I
know
we’ve
drifted
far
Hey,
what
about
yesterday(What
about
us)
What
about
the
seas
(What
about
us)
The
heavens
are
falling
down
(What
about
us)
I
can’t
even
breathe
(What
about
us)
What
about
lost
again
(What
about
us)
I
landed
the
woe(What
about
us)
What
about
nature’s
worth
It’s
our
planet’s
womb(What
about
us)
What
about
animals
(What
about
it)
We’ve
turned
kingdoms
to
dust(What
about
us)
What
about
elephants
(What
about
us)
Have
we
lost
their
trust
(What
about
us)
What
about
crying
whales
(What
about
us)
We’re
ravaging
the
seas(What
about
us)
歌曲译文:
地球之歌
——迈克尔·杰克逊
日出呢
雨呢
还有你说过
我们会得到的一切呢
杀戮的土地呢
有没有结束的时候
还有你说过
属于你和我的一切呢
你有没有停下来想想
我们曾挥洒下的血汗
你有没有停下来看看
流泪的地球,
哭泣的海岸
我们对世界做了什么
看看我们做了什么吧
还有你向独子许诺过的
一切和平呢
鲜花遍布的田野呢
有没有结束的时候
还有你说过
属于你和我的所有梦想呢
你有没有停下来想想
战争中死去的那些孩子
你有没有停下来看看
流泪的地球,
哭泣的海岸
我曾经梦想
我曾经遥望群星之上
如今不知我们身在何方
尽管我明白我们漂泊了太远
嘿,
昨天呢(我们呢)
海洋呢(我们呢)
天堂跌落(我们呢)
我简直不能呼吸(我们呢)
再次失去呢(我们呢)
我造成了这次灾难(我们呢)
宝贵的自然呢
那是我们地球的孕育地
(我们呢)
动物呢(它呢)
我们把它们的王国化为灰烬(我们呢)
大象呢(我们呢)
我们是不是已失去它们的信任(我们呢)
哭泣的鲸鱼呢(我们呢)
我们污染了海洋(我们呢)
主题活动·话题实践
Topic:
Green
Living?
Ⅰ.
话题词汇
1.
our
exhibition
on
green
living 我们关于绿色生活的展览
2.
understand
this
concept
after
the
exhibition
在展览后了解这个概念
3.
introduce
various
types
of
pollution
介绍不同种类的污染
4.
cause
different
kinds
of
environmental
problems
造成各种各样的环境问题
5.
affect
our
environment
and
our
health
影响我们的环境和健康
6.
a
good
way
to
reduce
pollution
一个减少污染的好方法
7.
lead
a
green
life
绿色生活
8.
live
in
harmony
with
nature
与自然和谐相处
9.
create
more
green
spaces
创造更多绿色空间
10.
our
fight
against
problems
like
global
warming
我们与全球变暖等问题的斗争
Ⅱ.
话题情境
根据情境和提示完成对话。
W:
I’ve
finally
finished
my
work
today.
James,
can
you
give
me
a
cup,
please?
I
want
to
drink
some
water.
M:
OK.
Here
you
are.
Oh,
wait.
Use
this
one,
please.
W:
1.
Why
can’t
I
use
that
one(为什么我不能用那个)?
?
M:
That
cup
is
made
of
seaweed.
If
you
use
it
to
hold
hot
water,
it’ll
be
damaged
and
I’m
afraid
you’ll
get
scalded.
W:
Then
why
did
you
buy
such
cups?
M:
You
know
I
2.
care
about
the
environment
(爱护环境)very
much.
Now
we
produce
too
much
waste
every
day.
Different
from
plastic
and
paper
cups,
this
kind
of
cup
can
disappear
within
thirty
days
outdoors
and
they
do
no
harm
to
soil.
I
think
it’s
3.
a
good
way
to
reduce
pollution(一个减少污染的好方法).
?
W:
That’s
amazing.
Could
you
go
to
the
supermarket
with
me
tomorrow?
I
want
to
buy
some
such
cups,
too.
M:
OK.
I
didn’t
know
you
also
care
about
the
environment.
W:
Well,
I
think
we
all
should
do
what
we
can
to
4.
live
in
harmony
with
nature(与自然和谐相处).
?
M:
I
can’t
agree
more.
要点精研·探究学习
1.
desert
n.
沙漠,
荒原
vt.
遗弃,
抛弃
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Above
4,
000
meters
is
the
highland
desert:
gravel,
stones
and
rocks.
海拔4
000米以上是高地沙漠:
砾石、石块和岩石。
The
police
are
looking
for
the
woman
who
deserted
children.
警方正在寻找那位遗弃孩子们的妇人。
The
villages
had
been
deserted.
这些村庄已经荒无人烟了。
desert
sb.
/sth.
抛弃/遗弃某人/物
deserted
adj.
荒芜的;
被遗弃的;
无人居住的
【巧学助记】
To
his
surprise,
he
found
a
deserted
hut
in
the
desert.
使他惊奇的是,
他在沙漠中发现了一个废弃的小屋。
(1)语法填空。
When
he
reached
the
old
temple,
he
found
it
deserted(desert)
and
in
ruins.
(2)He
went
to
the
Sahara
last
year
which
is
the
biggest
desert
in
the
world.
?
去年他去了撒哈拉,
它是世界上最大的沙漠。
(3)Mike’s
confidence
seemed
to
have
deserted
him.
?
迈克似乎丧失了信心。
2.
global
adj.
全球的,
全世界的;
全面的,
总体的
The
scientists
are
carrying
out
a
study
on
the
effects
of
global
warming.
科学家们正在研究全球变暖所带来的影响。
We
need
to
take
a
more
global
approach
to
the
problem.
我们需要采取更全面的方法解决这个问题。
The
more
we
globalize,
the
more
we
localize.
全球化程度越高,
我们就越本土化。
(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)The
popularity
of
these
platforms
is
spreading
globally.
这些平台在全球范围内越来越受欢迎。
(1)globe
n.
地球,
世界
(2)globally
adv.
全球地;
全局地;
世界上
globalize
v.
使……全球化
(1)语法填空。
①China
ranked
first
in
global
(globe)art
sales
last
year.
②Globally(global),
growth
is
at
its
weakest
since
the
recovery
began
almost
two
years
ago.
③As
the
world
becomes
more
complex,
some
things
do,
of
course,
standardize
and
globalize(globe).
(2)With
the
development
of
industry,
global
warming
(全球变暖)
is
becoming
a
more
and
more
serious
problem.
?
3.
solution
n.
解决,
解决方法
There’s
no
simple
solution
to
this
problem.
这个问题没有简单的解决办法。
Attempts
are
being
made
to
solve
the
problem
of
waste
disposal.
正在努力想办法解决废物处理的问题。
(1)solution
to.
.
.
解决……的方法
(2)solve
vt.
解决;
解答
(1)语法填空。
①Do
you
have
a
better
solution(solve)?
②The
solution
to
these
problems
is
an
easy
one.
(2)Their
domestic
reforms
did
nothing
to
solve
the
problem
of
unemployment.
?
他们的国内改革没有采取任何措施来解决失业问题。
4.
balance
n.
平衡
vt.
使平衡
(2019·天津高考)These
actions
have
greatly
affected
the
ecological
balance.
这些行为极大地影响了生态平衡。
A
little
child
has
to
learn
to
keep
his
balance
before
he
can
walk
far.
小孩子在能走远之前要先学会保持平衡。
On
balance,
the
company
has
had
a
successful
year.
总的来说,
公司这一年是成功的。
We
should
do
what
we
can
to
keep
the
balance
of
nature.
我们应该尽我们所能保持生态平衡。
【导图理词】
【巧学助记】
(1)语法填空。
①The
cost
of
obtaining
legal
advice
needs
to
be
balanced
against
its
benefits.
②He
cut
down
on
coffee
and
cigarettes,
and
ate
a
balanced(balance)
diet.
(2)On
balance(总的来说)
biotechnology
should
be
good
news
for
developing
countries.
?
(3)It’s
difficult
to
keep
your
balance
on
an
icy
pavement.
?
人行道上结了冰,
要想保持平衡不容易。
(4)一句多译。
我身体失去平衡,
摔了一跤。
①I
lost
my
balance
and
fell.
(lose)?
②I
was
out
of
balance
and
fell.
(be)?
5.
fight
against
为反对……而斗争
(2019·北京高考)The
city
planners
were
convinced
by
Ellis
Chesbrough
to
fight
against
heavy
floods.
埃利斯·切斯布罗说服了城市规划者与严重的洪水作斗争。
A
hero
is
brave
enough
to
fight
for
his
country.
英雄有足够的勇气去为自己的国家战斗。
He
fought
with
a
man
in
the
bar.
他在酒吧里和一个男人斗殴。
That
is
not
worth
fighting
about.
那件事不值得争辩。
fight
for 为……而战
fight
with
与……并肩作战;
与……作斗争
fight
about.
.
.
关于……而争论
(1)语法填空。
①I
hope
they
continue
to
fight
for
equal
justice
after
I’m
gone.
②Many
people
fought
with
the
Iraqi
against
Bush.
(2)That
is
what
I
will
fight
about.
?
那就是我将争辩的事情。
课时素养评价
五 Unit
8 Topic
Talk
Ⅰ.
单句语法填空
1.
Sunlight
reflection
may
relieve
global
(globe)warming.
2.
Measures
for
preventing
and
controlling
industrial(industry)
pollution
have
gradually
been
perfected.
3.
The
organization
was
set
up
to
preserve
endangered
species
from
extinction(extinct).
4.
In
the
future,
we
will
have
more
quick
transportation
(transport)means.
5.
With
the
help
of
our
English
teacher,
we
had
a
discussion
and
finally
came
up
with
a
proper
solution(solve).
6.
Besides,
many
parents
have
limited
knowledge
about
what
a
balanced
(balance)diet
is.
?
7.
I
will
do
my
part
for
my
study
in
English.
8.
Mrs
Luhrs
now
edits
a
magazine,
which
publishes
tips
on
how
to
buy
recycled(recycle)
furniture.
9.
The
project
is
aimed
at
making
some
companies
reuse
all
deserted
(desert)
plastic
bottles.
10.
He
tapped(tap)
me
on
the
shoulder
and
then
gave
me
a
bright
smile.
Ⅱ.
选词填空
keep
one’s
balance,
types
of,
fight
against,
do
one’s
part
for,
live
in
harmony
with
1.
The
little
girl
struggled
to
keep
her
balance
on
her
new
skates.
?
2.
I’ll
do
my
part
for
finishing
it
as
soon
as
possible.
?
3.
We
always
desire
to
live
in
harmony
with
our
neighbors.
?
4.
We
must
all
fight
against
unfairness
and
cruelty.
?
5.
China
is
famous
for
many
different
types
of
folk
dances.
?
Ⅲ.
完成句子
1.
We
had
experimented
with
several
solutions
to
this
problem
before
finding
a
proper
one.
?
在找到一个合适的解决方案之前,
我们已经试验了好几种解决方案。(solution)
2.
It’s
very
difficult
for
me
to
keep
my
balance
on
an
icy
street.
?
我很难在结冰的街道上保持平衡。(balance)
3.
Great
achievements
can
be
done
if
humans
live
in
harmony
with
nature.
?
如果人类与自然和谐相处,
就能取得巨大的成就。(live
in
harmony
with.
.
.
)
4.
What
an
interesting
book!
?
多么有趣的一本书啊!
(感叹句)
5.
To
our
surprise,
some
people
are
ignorant
of
the
facts
about
global
warming.
?
令我们惊讶的是,
有些人对全球变暖的事实一无所知。(global)
Ⅰ.
阅读理解
A
(2020·合肥高一检测)
A
solar-powered
car
that
can
be
charged
as
it
runs
is
being
tested
in
Germany.
Munich-based
manufacturer(制造商)Sono
Motors
has
built
the
new
type,
named
Sion,
and
will
likely
help
the
European
powerhouse
hit
its
national
target
of
1
million
electric
cars
on
the
road
by
2020.
Sono
Motors
has
solar
cells
fixed
into
Sion’s
bodywork,
with
a
total
of
330
solar
cells
built
into
the
roof,
bonnet
and
sides
of
the
vehicle.
These
enable
the
vehicle’s
battery
to
be
charged
when
sunlight
is
hitting
the
solar
cells,
whether
it
is
on
the
road,
or
parked
in
the
sunny
spot
in
a
car
park.
The
solar-powered
vehicle
is
set
to
be
launched
in
Germany
in
2019.
Sono
Motors
wants
Sion
to
be
universal
and
allows
the
car
to
be
charged
using
solar
energy
as
well
as
conventional
outlets(电源插座),
so
car
owners
aren’t
left
on
cloudy
days.
The
firm
has
made
a
2019
date
for
mass
production,
which
will
be
undertaken(承担)
by
a
European
manufacturer.
Some
6,
500
people
have
already
placed
orders
for
the
electric
vehicle.
Prices
for
Sion
tend
to
start
from
16,
000
next
year.
The
all-electric
vehicle
will
offer
a
range
of
around
250
km
before
the
battery
runs
out
completely
and
it
needs
recharging
either
by
solar
power
or
using
a
wall
plug,
the
company
said.
Sion
was
designed
originally
as
an
environmentally
conscious
car,
but
will
also
include
a
number
of
features
designed
around
comfort
to
help
it
compete
with
other
modern
vehicles.
“We
have
a
seat
heater,
air
conditioning,
and
a
large
entertainment
system
where
I
can
also
connect
my
phone,
which
means
I
really
have
a
full
vehicle,
”
Laurin
Hahn,
co-founder
of
the
company
told
Reuters.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了德国生产的一款太阳能汽车Sion。
1.
What
can
we
know
from
Paragraph
3?
A.
The
car
is
popular
on
the
road.
B.
The
car
has
a
very
large
battery.
C.
There
are
330
solar
cells
on
the
car.
D.
Where
there
is
sunlight,
Sion
can
be
charged.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第三段中的
“These
enable
the
vehicle’s
battery
to
be
charged
when
sunlight
is
hitting
the
solar
cells,
whether
it
is
on
the
road,
or
parked
in
the
sunny
spot
in
a
car
park.
”可知,
当阳光照射到太阳能电池上时,
无论这款车是在路上还是停在停车场里阳光充足的地方,
电池都能充电。所以只要有阳光,
这款车就能充电。故选
D
项。
2.
What
does
the
underlined
word
“launched”
in
Paragraph
4
mean?
A.
designed
B.
released
C.
improved
D.
recalled
【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根据第六段
“
The
firm
has
made
a
2019
date
for
mass
production,
which
will
be
undertaken
by
a
European
manufacturer.
”可知,
该公司已经确定了2019年大规模生产的日期,
这将由一家欧洲制造商承担。所以这款太阳能汽车即将在
2019
年上市。由此判断出画线词是“发布”的意思。故选
B
项。
3.
Why
doesn’t
the
car
break
down
when
it
is
cloudy?
A.
Because
it
is
made
from
the
rainproof
material.
B.
Because
it
can
be
charged
by
clouds
on
cloudy
days.
C.
Because
it
can
store
a
great
deal
of
energy.
D.
Because
it
can
be
charged
by
conventional
power
outlets.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第五段的
“
Sono
Motors
wants
Sion
to
be
universal
and
allows
the
car
to
be
charged
using
solar
energy
as
well
as
conventional
outlets,
so
car
owners
aren’t
left
on
cloudy
days.
”可知,
即使在阴天,
Sion
也可以使用,
因为这款车可以使用传统的插座充电。故选
D
项。
4.
What
are
the
features
of
the
car?
A.
Modern,
powerful
and
popular.
B.
Environmentally
friendly,
comfortable
and
competitive.
C.
Environmentally
friendly,
cheap
and
simple.
D.
Expensive,
fashionable
and
energy-saving.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Sion
was
designed
originally
as
an
environmentally
conscious
car,
but
will
also
include
a
number
of
features
designed
around
comfort
to
help
it
compete
with
other
modern
vehicles.
”可知,
Sion最初是作为一款环保汽车设计的,
但它也将包括一些围绕舒适性设计的功能,
以帮助它与其他现代汽车竞争。所以这款车环保、舒适、具有竞争力。故选
B
项。
B
“What
kind
of
rubbish
are
you?
”
This
question
might
normally
cause
anger,
but
in
Shanghai
it
has
become
a
special
“greeting”
among
people
over
the
past
week.
On
July
1st,
the
city
introduced
strict
trash-sorting
regulations
(条例>that
are
required
to
follow
and
expected
to
be
used
as
a
model
for
our
country.
Residents
must
divide
their
waste
into
four
separate
categories
and
toss
(投放)it
into
specific
public
dustbins.
They
must
do
so
at
specified
times,
when
monitors
are
present
to
ensure
correct
trash-tossing
and
to
ask
the
nature
of
one’s
rubbish.
Individuals
who
fail
to
follow
the
regulations
face
the
possibility
of
fines
and
worse.
They
could
be
punished
with
fines
of
up
to
200
yuan
(
$
29).
For
those
who
repeat
to
go
against
them,
the
government
can
add
black
marks
to
their
credit
records,
making
it
harder
for
them
to
get
bank
loans
or
even
buy
train
tickets.
Shanghai
government
is
responding
to
an
obvious
environmental
problem.
It
generates
9
million
tons
of
garbage
a
year,
more
than
London’s
annual
output,
which
is
rising
quickly.
But
like
other
cities
in
China,
it
lacks
a
recycling
system.
Instead,
it
has
relied
on
trash
pickers
to
sift
(筛选)through
the
waste,
picking
out
whatever
can
be
reused.
This
has
limits.
As
people
get
wealthier,
fewer
of
them
want
to
do
such
dirty
work.
The
waste,
meanwhile,
just
keeps
piling
up.
Many
residents
appear
to
support
the
idea
of
recycling
in
general
but
are
annoyed
by
the
details.
Rubbish
must
be
divided
according
to
whether
it
is
food,
recyclable,
dry
or
harmful,
the
distinctions
among
which
can
be
confusing,
though
there
are
apps
to
help
work
it
out.
Some
have
complained
about
the
rules
concerning
food
waste.
They
must
put
it
straight
in
the
required
public
bins,
forcing
them
to
tear
open
plastic
bags
and
toss
it
by
hand.
What
they
complain
most
is
the
short
periods
for
dropping
trash,
typically
a
couple
of
hours,
morning
and
evening.
Along
with
the
monitors
at
the
bins,
this
means
that
people
go
at
around
the
same
time
and
can
keep
an
eye
on
what
is
being
thrown
out;
no
one
wants
to
look
bad.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,
主要介绍了7月1日上海市出台的垃圾分类规定,
有望成为我国的一个典范。
5.
What
do
we
know
about
the
trash-sorting
regulations
in
Shanghai?
A.
They
are
the
first
of
their
kind.
B.
They
are
tied
to
one’s
bank
account.
C.
They
have
the
highest
fines.
D.
They’re
aided
by
monitors.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段They
must
do
so
at
specified
times,
when
monitors
are
present
to
ensure
correct
trash-tossing
and
to
ask
the
nature
of
one’s
rubbish.
和最后一段Along
with
the
monitors
at
the
bins,
可知扔垃圾有人监督。故选D项。
6.
Why
has
Shanghai
introduced
the
trash-sorting
regulations?
A.
There
are
fewer
and
fewer
trash
pickers.
B.
It
aims
to
build
a
new
recycling
system.
C.
It
faces
more
and
more
serious
garbage
problems.
D.
People
throw
the
rubbish
here
and
there.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第三段可知上海市政府正在应对一个明显的环境问题。它每年产生900万吨垃圾,
比伦敦的年产量还多,
并且缺乏回收系统。所以上海出台垃圾分类规定是因为它面临着越来越严重的垃圾问题。故选C项。
7.
What
makes
the
residents
upset
most
about
the
regulations?
A.
Limited
time
for
tossing
the
trash.
B.
Confusing
distinction
among
the
categories
of
trash.
C.
Being
fined
due
to
improper
behavior.
D.
Being
watched
by
monitors
when
throwing
the
garbage.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据最后一段What
they
complain
most
is
the
short
periods
for
dropping
trash,
typically
a
couple
of
hours,
morning
and
evening.
“他们抱怨最多的是垃圾投放的时间很短,
通常是早晚两个小时。”可知扔垃圾的时间规定让居民们最不满。故选A项。
8.
What
can
be
the
best
title
for
the
text?
A.
A
Good
Way
of
Trash-sorting
B.
A
New
Era
of
Garbage
Classification
C.
A
Great
Time
in
Dealing
with
Litter
D.
An
Effective
Solution
to
Rubbish
Problem
【解析】选B。主旨大意题。根据第一段中“On
July
1st,
the
city
introduced
strict
trash-sorting
regulations
that
are
required
to
follow
and
expected
to
be
used
as
a
model
for
our
country.
Residents
must
divide
their
waste
into
four
separate
categories
and
toss
it
into
specific
public
dustbins.
They
must
do
so
at
specified
times,
when
monitors
are
present
to
ensure
correct
trash-tossing
and
to
ask
the
nature
of
one’s
rubbish.
”可知,
“垃圾分类的新时代”符合主旨。故选B项。
Ⅱ.
语法填空
People
are
wasting
things
everywhere
and
every
day.
Wherever
we
go,
we
can
see
that
paper,
bottles
and
cans
are
thrown
away;
food
1.
__________
(waste)
just
because
of
its
poor
taste;
clothes
are
thrown
around
simply
due
to
their
old
fashion.
Not
only
things
and
money
are
wasted,
but
natural
resources
are
wasted
as
well.
2.
__________
(tree)
are
cut
down
merely
for
fuel;
wildlife
is
killed
3.
__________
(simple)
for
food;
coal
and
minerals
are
exploited
(开采)
in
4.
__________
bad
way.
?
The
worst
example
of
man’s
waste
is
the
waste
of
time.
Many
people
tend
to
spend
their
time
on
5.
__________
(worth)
things,
such
as
wandering
about
(漫步)
in
the
street,
gossiping
in
the
office,
or
6.
__________
(sleep)
too
much
during
the
day.
As
we
know,
time
is
so
valuable
to
us
that
it
will
never
return
if
it
7.
__________
(pass)
by.
?
It
is
time
8.
__________
(call)
for
an
end
to
waste.
On
the
one
hand,
we
must
save
natural
resources
and
make
full
use
of
them,
9.
__________
is
very
important
to
our
future;
otherwise
human
beings
will
be
faced
with
the
lack
of
natural
resources
and
suffer
10.
__________
pollution
caused
by
waste.
On
the
other
hand,
we
must
value
our
time.
Only
with
our
time
devoted
to
study
and
work
for
the
people
will
we
never
regret
the
life
we
have
had.
?
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,
介绍了人类在生活中存在严重的浪费现象,
由此呼吁人们停止浪费。
1.
【解析】is
wasted。句意:
食物因为味道不好而被浪费掉。陈述的是客观事实,
food
与waste之间是被动关系,
所以用一般现在时的被动语态,
主语是food,
谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,
故填is
wasted。
2.
【解析】Trees。句意:
人们砍伐树木只是为了获取燃料。tree是可数名词,
空后的“are”表明此处用复数形式,
故填Trees。
3.
【解析】simply。句意:
人们捕杀野生动物只是为了获取食物。修饰介词短语for
food用副词,
故填simply。
4.
【解析】a。句意:
煤和矿物的开采方式很糟糕。way是可数名词,
此处用不定冠词表泛指,
bad的发音以辅音音素开头,
故填a。
5.
【解析】worthless。句意:
许多人倾向于把时间花在毫无价值的事情上,
比如在街上闲逛、在办公室闲聊或者白天睡大觉。修饰名词things用形容词,
根据空后的举例可知此处表示“无价值的”,
故填worthless。
6.
【解析】sleeping。分析句子结构可知此处与wandering和gossiping并列,
用动名词作such
as的宾语,
故填sleeping。
7.
【解析】passes。句意:
正如我们所知,
时间对我们是如此宝贵,
一去不复返。if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时表将来,
主语是it,
谓语用第三人称单数形式,
故填passes。
8.
【解析】to
call。句意:
现在是呼吁停止浪费的时候了。It
is
time
to
do
sth.
是固定句型,
表示“是做某事的时候了”,
故填to
call。
9.
【解析】which。句意:
一方面,
我们必须节约和充分利用自然资源,
这对我们的未来非常重要。此处为非限制性定语从句,
关系词指代整个主句内容并在从句中作主语,
故填which。
10.
【解析】from。句意:
否则,
人类将面临自然资源的匮乏和遭受浪费造成的污染。suffer
from表示“遭受”,
故填from。
阅读理解
(2020·西安高一检测)
Plastic
is
used
for
food
packaging(包装)
and
water
bottles
as
well
as
many
other
things
you
use
every
day.
Look
around,
plastic
is
all
over!
Sadly,
much
of
plastic
waste
is
thrown
into
waste
lands
or
washed
into
the
sea,
breaking
down
into
particles.
Particles
are
often
taken
in
by
animals
or
fish.
Unless
you
are
the
one
who
only
eats
vegetables,
it
is
highly
likely
that
you
are
also
eating
this
plastic.
Besides,
when
you
drink
soft
drinks
from
a
plastic
bottle,
you
also
have
the
danger
of
drinking
a
dangerous
chemical.
It
has
been
proved
that
plastic
is
connected
with
some
types
of
diseases
and
young
children’s
growth.
A
plastic
bottle
can
break
down
into
enough
small
pieces
on
each
seaside
in
the
whole
world.
They
have
also
been
discovered
to
collect
in
large
amounts
in
sea
locations
where
winds
and
currents(洋流)
are
weak.
How
do
you
help
to
solve
the
problem?
Use
a
stainless
steel(不锈钢)
bottle.
It
is
an
obvious
way
to
deal
with
the
problem
that
has
been
ignored
for
many
years.
Many
countries
become
increasingly
more
familiar
with
the
pollution
that
is
damaging
the
environment.
It’s
easy
to
understand
why
steps
are
being
taken
to
discover
things
to
replace
the
plastic.
If
you
use
a
stainless
steel
water
bottle,
you
can
help
cut
the
number
of
using
plastic
bottles,
which
are
thrown
away
and
break
down
gradually.
It
may
even
take
1,
000
years
to
fade
away.
In
a
word,
even
by
doing
something
as
small
as
changing
your
water
bottle
to
a
stainless
steel
one,
you
could
make
the
world
a
better
place
to
live
for
future
generations.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,
介绍了塑料瓶对环境的不良影响及解决办法。
1.
What
does
the
underlined
word
“particles”
mean
in
Paragraph
1?
A.
Tiny
pieces
of
plastic.
B.
Healthy
drinks
to
humans.
C.
New
bottles.
D.
Useful
materials.
【解析】选
A。词义猜测题。由第一段中的“Sadly,
much
of
plastic
waste
is
thrown
into
waste
lands
or
washed
into
the
sea,
breaking
down
into
particles.
”和第一段中的“Unless
you
are
the
one
who
only
eats
vegetables,
it
is
highly
likely
that
you
are
also
eating
this
plastic.
”可知被扔进荒地或被冲入大海的塑料垃圾会分解成塑料碎片被人吃下去,
所以particles在本句中意为“塑料碎片”。故选A项。
2.
What
bad
influence
do
plastic
products
have
on
people
according
to
the
text?
A.
They
change
people’s
eating
habits.
B.
They
affect
people’s
ways
of
choosing
food.
C.
They
change
people’s
attitudes
to
soft
drinks.
D.
They
may
make
people
suffer
from
some
kinds
of
diseases.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。由第一段的最后一句“It
has
been
proved
that
plastic
is
connected
with
some
types
of
diseases
and
young
children’s
growth.
”可知塑料产品也许会导致人生病。故选D项。
3.
Which
of
the
following
does
the
author
want
to
express?
A.
Winds
in
the
sea
are
often
weak
in
some
seasons.
B.
Chemicals
of
animals
in
the
sea
are
easy
to
collect.
C.
Many
countries
are
suffering
from
the
pollution
of
plastic.
D.
Plastic
will
completely
be
replaced
by
other
things
in
the
future.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。由第二段中的“A
plastic
bottle
can
break
down
into
enough
small
pieces
on
each
seaside
in
the
whole
world.
”和倒数第二段中的“Many
countries
become
increasingly
more
familiar
with
the
pollution
that
is
damaging
the
environment.
It’s
easy
to
understand
why
steps
are
being
taken
to
discover
things
to
replace
the
plastic.
”可推断许多国家正在遭受塑料的污染。故选C项。
4.
What
is
the
text
mainly
about?
A.
A
major
use
of
plastic
bottles.
B.
A
large
amount
of
plastic
on
the
seaside.
C.
The
future
development
of
plastic
bottles.
D.
The
bad
influence
of
plastic
bottles
and
its
solution.
【解析】选D。主旨大意题。由第一段中的“Besides,
when
you
drink
soft
drinks
from
a
plastic
bottle,
you
also
have
the
danger
of
drinking
a
dangerous
chemical.
It
has
been
proved
that
plastic
is
connected
with
some
types
of
diseases
and
young
children’s
growth.
”可知,
本文讲的是塑料瓶的不良影响及解决办法。故选D项。
PAGEUnit
8 Green
Living
Writing
Workshop
&
Reading
Club
读写结合·表达升级
Task
1 框架宏观建构:
整体理解?
1.
Skim
and
reorder
all
the
parts
of
a
survey
report.
①Conclusion ②Beginning ③Body
答案:
②③①
2.
Read
the
passage
and
fill
in
the
blanks.
Paragraph
1:
Introduce
the
topic
through
a
survey
of
the
city
government.
Paragraphs
2、3:
Present
the
results
of
the
survey.
Paragraph
4:
Draw
a
conclusion.
Task
2 文本微观剖析:
特色表达?
1.
Choose
the
best
answer.
(1)What’s
the
purpose
of
the
interview?
A.
Listing
some
activities
over
saving
water
and
energy.
B.
Investigating
people’s
attitudes
to
environmental
protection
and
actions
taken
by
people.
C.
Changing
people’s
attitudes
to
protecting
the
environment.
D.
Summarizing
people’s
ideas
about
disposable
packaging.
(2)What
can
we
infer
from
Paragraph
2?
A.
All
people
have
finished
these
activities
in
the
past
one
month.
B.
Most
of
people
are
using
the
disposable
packaging.
C.
People
usually
cycle
or
walk
when
going
outside.
D.
More
than
90%
of
people
are
in
favor
of
environmental
protection.
(3)Which
of
the
following
should
be
paid
attention
to
according
to
the
passage?
A.
Saving
water
and
energy.
B.
Riding
bikes
or
walking.
C.
Reducing
the
use
of
air
conditioning
and
turning
off
lights.
D.
Cutting
down
the
use
of
disposable
packaging.
答案:
(1)～(3)BDA
2.
Write
down
useful
sentences
for
a
survey
report.
(1)Here
are
the
results:
?
(2)As
the
diagram
shows,
the
percentage
of
those
who
felt
that
they
needed
to
help
protect
the
environment
is
as
high
as
96%.
?
(3)To
sum
up,
it
seems
that
almost
all
who
took
part
understood
the
need
to
help
take
care
of
the
environment.
?
假定你是李华,
最近学校组织了一次名为“绿色交通去上学”的活动,
针对同学们对于此次活动的态度你在班上做了一次调查。请根据表格信息,
用英语写一篇调查报告向校英语报投稿。
注意:
词数80个左右。
观点
比例
理由
支持
70%
1.
汽车带来了空气污染和交通堵塞等问题;
2.
骑自行车的益处:
节能环保、有益健康等。
反对
30%
骑自行车上学浪费时间且不安全。
遣词造句
·完成句子
1.
最近我们学校组织了一次名为“绿色交通去上学”的活动。(hold)
Recently
our
school
held
an
activity
called
Green
Transport
to
School.
?
2.
它号召学生骑自行车上学。(call
on)
It
calls
on
the
students
to
ride
bicycles
to
school.
?
3.
70%的同学支持它有两个原因。(support)
70%
of
our
classmates
support
it
for
two
reasons.
?
4.
这种活动对环境有好处,
可以节约能源。(be
good
for,
energy-saving)
This
kind
of
activity
is
good
for
the
environment
and
can
be
energy-saving.
?
5.
骑自行车对我们的健康有好处。(health)
Riding
a
bicycle
is
good
for
our
health.
?
6.
另一个原因是汽车导致空气污染和交通堵塞。(lead
to,
traffic
jams)
The
other
reason
is
that
cars
lead
to
air
pollution
and
traffic
jams.
?
7.
如果学校离家远,
骑车上学既不安全又浪费时间。(
far
away
from,
not
only.
.
.
but
also
)
If
the
school
is
far
away
from
home,
it
is
not
only
unsafe
but
also
a
waste
of
time
riding
to
school.
?
8.
总之,
在我看来,
骑车去学校是一个很好的选择。(choice)
All
in
all,
in
my
opinion,
riding
to
school
is
a
good
choice.
?
·句式升级
9.
用which引导定语从句合并第1、2句。
Recently
our
school
held
an
activity
called
Green
Transport
to
School,
which
calls
on
the
students
to
ride
bicycles
to
school.
?
10.
用that引导表语从句的句式升级第4句。
One
is
that
this
kind
of
activity
is
good
for
the
environment
and
can
be
energy-saving.
?
完美成篇
Recently
our
school
held
an
activity
called
Green
Transport
to
School,
which
calls
on
the
students
to
ride
bicycles
to
school.
I
made
a
survey
on
our
classmates’
attitudes
towards
this
activity.
?
70%
of
our
classmates
support
it
for
two
reasons.
One
is
that
this
kind
of
activity
is
good
for
the
environment
and
can
be
energy-saving.
Besides,
riding
a
bicycle
is
good
for
our
health.
The
other
reason
is
that
cars
lead
to
air
pollution
and
traffic
jams.
?
But
just
opposite
to
the
supporters,
others
think
if
the
school
is
far
away
from
home,
it
is
not
only
unsafe
but
also
a
waste
of
time
riding
to
school.
?
All
in
all,
in
my
opinion,
riding
to
school
is
a
good
choice
if
you’re
not
in
a
hurry
and
if
the
weather
is
fine.
?
【话题拓展】
1.
话题词汇
(1)environment n.
环境
(2)rubbish/litter/garbage
n.
垃圾;
废物
(3)advocate
vt.
拥护;
支持;
提倡
(4)conservation
n.
保存;
保护;
管理
(5)environmentally-friendly
adj.
环保的
(6)recycle
vt.
回收;
循环利用
(7)proper
adj.
恰当的;
适当的
(8)vehicle
n.
交通工具;
车辆
(9)make
proper
use
of
合理利用
(10)keep
the
balance
of
.
.
.
保持……的平衡
(11)alternative
energy
替代能源
(12)be/live
in
harmony
with
与……和谐共处
(13)attach
great
importance
to
十分重视
(14)live
a
low-carbon
life
过低碳生活
(15)call
on/appeal
to
sb.
to
do
sth.
号召/呼吁某人做某事
(16)there
is
no
denying/doubt
that
毫无疑问;
毋庸置疑
(17)take
action/steps/measures
to
do
sth.
采取措施做某事
(18)take
the
responsibility
for/be
responsible
for
.
.
.
对……负责任
2.
话题句式
(1)It
takes
me
about
15
minutes
to
walk
there
but
5
minutes
by
bus.
步行到那儿我需要花费15分钟,
但是坐公交车只需5分钟。
(2)Many
people
would
choose
to
take
a
taxi
instead
of
walking
or
riding
a
bike.
很多人宁愿选择坐出租车而不是步行或者骑自行车。
(3)Accordingly/Consequently,
it
is
not
difficult
to
draw
the
conclusion
that
people
are
more
and
more
aware
of
the
importance
of
the
protection
of
the
environment.
因此,
不难得出结论:
人们越来越意识到环境保护的重要性了。
阅读体验·素养深化
Reading
Clubs
1
&
2
Ⅰ.
阅读RECYCLING,
完成下面的线索框架图
An
Effective
Solution
What
is
a
major
global
issue
↓1.
Waste
management.
?
Which
country
is
setting
a
good
example
in
recycling
↓2.
Sweden.
Where
does
waste
in
Sweden
go
↓3.
Around
half
of
the
country’s
household
and
industrial
waste
is
turned
into
energy.
?
What
do
Sweden’s
waste-to-energy
plants
take
↓4.
Imported
waste
from
other
European
countries.
?
Power
to
the
People
Where
is
the
most
waste
produced
↓5.
In
Africa.
?
What
can
waste
lead
to
↓6.
Disease,
pollution
and
other
environmental
issues.
?
What
can
be
made
from
recycled
plastic
and
old
car
tyres
↓7.
Schoolbags
and
footwear.
?
What
do
these
businesses
bring
↓8.
Reducing
the
waste,
producing
useful
products,
and
creating
jobs
and
making
money.
?
Ⅱ.
阅读RECYCLING,
判断下列句子
T(true)or
F(false)
1.
More
than
1%
of
that
waste
ends
up
in
landfills
in
Europe.
(F)
2.
32
clean-burning
waste-to-energy
plants
in
Sweden
burn
waste
to
produce
electricity.
(T)
3.
Around
70
million
tonnes
of
waste
is
produced
in
Africa
each
year.
(T)
4.
Most
clever
businessmen
all
have
seen
opportunities.
(F)
Ⅲ.
阅读THE
ENVIRONMENT:
A
LOCAL
AND
GLOBAL
ISSUE,
简要谈谈保护环境的一些措施(80
词左右)
First,
we
should
keep
our
school
yard
clean
and
tidy.
Second,
we
shouldn’t
drop
the
litter
here
or
there.
Third,
we
should
go
to
school
by
bike
or
on
foot.
Fourth,
we
should
turn
off
the
lights
and
TV
when
we
leave
home.
Fifth,
we
shouldn’t
spit
in
public.
On
the
one
hand,
we
shouldn’t
cut
down
trees
without
permission.
On
the
other
hand,
we
should
plant
trees
in
spring
as
many
as
possible.
If
we
try
our
best,
I’m
sure
our
environment
can
get
better
and
better!
?
Ⅳ.
摘录以上文章中的佳句,
并补全汉语意思
1.
As
the
diagram
shows,
the
percentage
of
those
who
felt
that
they
needed
to
help
protect
the
environment
is
as
high
as
96%.
如图所示,
认为自己需要帮助保护环境的人的比例高达96%。
2.
Also,
the
majority
of
residents
had
cycled
or
walked.
此外,
大多数居民骑自行车或步行。
3.
To
sum
up,
it
seems
that
almost
all
who
took
part
understood
the
need
to
help
take
care
of
the
environment.
总而言之,
似乎几乎所有的人都理解帮助保护环境的必要性。
4.
Although
this
is
a
big
problem,
many
local
communities
are
coming
up
with
solutions
to
deal
with
their
own
waste.
尽管这是一个大问题,
但许多当地社区正在想出解决方案来处理他们自己的垃圾。
5.
They’re
also
setting
a
great
example
for
others
about
how
to
make
the
best
of
a
bad
situation.
他们也为其他人树立了一个很好的榜样,
告诉他们如何在坏的情况下做到最好。
6.
In
Hong
Kong,
it
is
predicted
that
the
three
existing
landfills
will
be
full
within
the
next
decade.
在香港,
预计现有的三个堆填区将于未来十年内填满。
要点精研·探究学习
1.
official
n.
官员,
高级职员
adj.
公务的;
官方的
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)But
then
we
got
an
official
letter
and
we
were
blown
away.
但后来我们收到了一封正式的信,
我们被震住了。
In
India,
there
are
fifteen
official
languages.
在印度有15种官方语言。
An
official
announcement
is
expected
in
the
next
few
days.
预计一份官方声明会在接下来的几天内发表。
He
made
an
official
visit
to
Tokyo
in
March.
他三月到东京进行了一次公务访问。
The
college
is
not
an
officially
recognized
English
language
school.
那所学院不是官方认可的英语语言学校。
(1)official
languages 官方语言
an
official
announcement/statement
一个官方公告/声明
make
an
official
visit
进行一次正式访问
an
official
letter
一封正式信函
(2)officially
adv.
正式地;
官方地;
公开地
Xiyin
can
be
classified
into
official
seals
and
private
seals.
玺印一般分为官印和私印两类。
(1)语法填空。
①The
man
was
officially
(official)
recognized
as
the
new
record
holder
by
Guinness
World
Records.
②Last
week
some
city
officials
(official)
suggested
the
city
should
be
interested
in
turning
the
old
theater
into
a
museum
and
public
meeting
place.
(2)It
is
for
this
reason
that
Spanish
is
the
main
official
language(主要的官方语言)
of
Peru.
?
(3)He
made
an
official
visit
to
(对……进行了一次正式访问)
France
in
March
last
year.
?
(4)John
has
really
got
the
job
because
he
showed
me
the
official
letter(正式信函)offering
him
the
job.
?
2.
attitude
n.
看法;
态度
(2019·浙江高考)What’s
particularly
interesting
is
the
attitude
various
cities
have
toward
Dubanchet’s
cause.
特别有趣的是各个城市对Dubanchet事业的态度。
(2019?天津高考)It
would
help
shape
a
realistic
and
serious
attitude
to
life.
它将有助于形成一种现实而认真的生活态度。
Smile
is
an
attitude
to
life.
微笑是一种面对生活的态度。
If
you
want
to
be
happy,
it
is
important
to
have
an
optimistic
attitude
towards
life.
如果你想快乐,
对生活有个乐观的态度很重要。
Youth
is
simply
an
attitude
of
mind.
青春仅仅是心态问题。
an
attitude
to/towards 对……的态度(to/towards为介词,
后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语)
have/take/adopt
an
attitude
to/towards.
.
.
对……持某种态度
an
attitude
of
mind
心态问题
As
the
saying
goes,
attitude
determines
altitude.
Nothing
in
the
world
is
difficult
if
you
set
your
mind
to
it.
俗话说,
态度决定高度。世上无难事,
只怕有心人。
(1)语法填空。
①In
my
opinion,
it
is
necessary
to
hold
an
objective
attitude
to/towards
ratings.
②His
attitude
to
protecting
(protect)
the
wild
animals
is
very
firm.
(2)I
dislike
him
because
he
always
has
a
bad
attitude
to/towards
(持有对……不好的态度)the
people
around
him.
?
(3)People
with
a
positive
attitude
to/towards
life
(对生活持积极态度)
are
more
likely
to
succeed.
?
3.
take
part
(in)
参加
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)You
will
be
able
to
take
part
in
a
number
of
activities
from
canoeing
to
wild
camping
on
Dartmoor.
你将能够参加一系列的活动,
从乘独木舟到在达特穆尔的野外露营。
He
would
like
to
play
a
part
in
this
historic
process.
他愿意在这一历史进程中扮演一个角色。
I
will
take
part
in
something
I
believe
in.
我会参加我所信任的活动。
Small
business
entrepreneurs
play
an
important
part
in
American
job
growth.
小型企业的企业家对美国的就业增长发挥着重要作用。
take
part 参加(无宾语时,
不用in)
take
an
active
part
in
积极参加(当part前有形容词修饰时,
形容词前要用不定冠词)
play
a
part
in
在……中起作用;
在……中扮演角色
play
an
important
part
in
在……中起重要作用;
在……中扮演重要角色
【易混辨析】
take
part
in正式用词,
参加群众性活动,
并发挥一定的作用
join
in参加正在进行着的活动,
常可与take
part
in换用
join加入某团体或组织,
成为其中的一员(join
the
army/the
Party参军/入党)也可指加入某人的行列
attend参加会议、婚礼、葬礼、典礼或讲座等
【巧学助记】
My
brother
attended
a
law
school
after
he
left
middle
school.
Yesterday
he
took
part
in
the
meeting
held
in
his
class.
He
joined
in
the
discussion
whether
they
would
join
a
theatre
club.
At
last,
most
students
signed
up
for
it,
including
my
brother.
我的哥哥中学毕业后上了一所法律学校。昨天,
他参加了一场在他班举行的会议。他参与讨论了他们是否要加入一个戏剧俱乐部。最后,
大多数学生报名参加了,
也包括我的哥哥。
(1)语法填空。
①
But
Sarah,
who
has
taken
part
in
shows
along
with
top
models,
wants
to
prove
that
she
has
brains
as
well
as
beauty.
②We
are
talking
about
how
to
protect
the
environment.
Would
you
like
to
join
in
our
discussion?
③
Nowadays,
the
Internet
plays
a
very
important
part
in
our
life
and
work.
(2)My
teacher
gave
me
a
chance
to
take
part
in
(参加)
designing
the
class
poster.
?
(3)Nowadays
women
are
taking
an
active
part
in
(正积极参加)
social
activities.
?
【补偿训练】
选词填空:
take
part
in/join
in/join/attend。
①My
sister
joined
the
League
last
month
and
she
has
decided
to
take
part
in
the
activities
to
help
the
aged
in
town
as
a
volunteer.
?
②Please
let
us
know
if
you
are
unable
to
attend
this
meeting.
③You
can
enjoy
matches
without
joining
a
club
or
belonging
to
a
team.
4.
majority
n.
大多数
The
majority
of
them
take
an
online
language
test
before
starting
their
programme.
他们中的大多数人在开始他们的节目之前会参加一个在线语言测试。
Surveys
indicate
that
supporters
of
the
treaty
are
still
in
the
majority.
调查显示该条约的支持者仍占多数。
I
want
to
major
in
biology
because
I
have
long
wondered
about
the
origin
of
life.
我想要主修生物学,
因为我一直在思考生命的起源。
(1)the
majority
of.
.
.
大多数……
be
in
the/a
majority
占大多数
(2)major
adj.
主要的
n.
主修课程;
主修学生
vi.
主修;
专门研究
major
in
主修……
majority
of
后接复数可数名词,
当其作主语时,
谓语动词一般用复数。当后跟集体名词作主语时,
谓语动词用单、复数均可。
(1)语法填空。
①The
majority
(major)
of
students
are
for
the
decision.
②When
I
was
at
university,
I
majored
in
English.
③It
is
reported
that
students
at
senior
high
school
taking
part
in
this
activity
are
in
the
majority.
(2)He
played
a
major
role
(扮演了主要的角色)in
setting
up
the
system.
?
(3)One-third
of
the
country
is
covered
with
trees
and
the
majority
of
(大多数)
the
citizens
are
black
people.
?
【补偿训练】
翻译句子。
她对该计划的成功起了重要作用。
She
played
a
major
part
in
the
success
of
the
plan.
?
5.
As
the
diagram
shows,
the
percentage
of
those
who
felt
that
they
needed
to
help
protect
the
environment
is
as
high
as
96%.
如图所示,
那些认为他们需要帮助保护环境的人的比例高达96%。?
【句式解构】
as引导非限制性定语从句时,
指代整个主句的内容,
as
意为“正如,
正像”。
As
we
all
know,
when
we
have
a
big
goal,
it
helps
to
break
it
down
into
smaller
pieces.
就像我们都知道的那样,
当我们有大的目标时,
把它分解成一个个更小的目标会比较有用。
It
was
supposed
to
be
a
great
complex
of
buildings,
but
as
often
happens,
it
wasn’t
finished
because
of
the
lack
of
money.
它本该是一片宏大的建筑群,
然而正如经常发生的一样,
它也因为资金不足而未能完工。
As
is
often
the
case
in
debugging,
fixing
one
problem
fixes
(or
reveals)
several
others.
这在调试中是经常出现的事:
修复了一个问题就修复(或者暴露了)另外几个。
As
has
been
said
before,
reading
is
a
good
way
in
learning
English.
正如以前所说,
阅读是学英语的一种好方法。
as引导定语从句的固定表达
(1)as引导的定语从句通常有以下固定的表达:
as
we
all
know 正如我们所知道的
as
I
can
remember
正如我所记得的
as
often
happens
正如经常发生的那样
as
we
expect
正如我们所预料的
as
you
see
正如你看到的
as
has
been
said
before
如前所述
as
is
well-known
众所周知
as
was
expected
正如预料的那样
as
is
often
the
case
对……而言这是常有的事
as
may
be
imagined
正如可以想象出来的那样
(2)当主句的先行词被the
same,
as,
such,
so
等修饰时,
要用as引导定语从句,
as
在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
(1)语法填空。
①The
number
of
smokers,
as
is
reported,
has
dropped
by
17
percent
in
just
one
year.
②The
T-shirt
I
received
is
not
the
same
as
is
shown
online.
③As
is
often
the
case
with
children,
Amy
was
better
by
the
time
the
doctor
arrived.
(2)句式转换。
It
is
known
to
us
all
that
Beijing
&
Zhangjiakou
will
host
the
2022
Winter
Olympic
Games.
→As
is
known
to
us
all
,
Beijing
&
Zhangjiakou
will
host
the
2022
Winter
Olympic
Games.
?
【要点拾遗】
1.
sum
vt.
概括,
总结
n.
和;
总数;
金额
Have
you
ever
visited
a
garden
that
seemed
just
right
for
you,
where
the
atmosphere
of
the
garden
appeared
to
total
more
than
the
sum
of
its
parts?
你是否曾经参观过一个看起来很适合你的花园,
花园的气氛似乎比它的各个部分加起来还要好?
Large
sums
of
money
were
lost.
大笔的钱损失了。
To
sum
up/In
sum
,
there
are
three
main
ways
of
tackling
the
problem.
概括起来说,
这一问题主要有三种解决办法。
She
quickly
summed
up
the
situation
and
took
control.
她很快就看出是怎么回事,
并控制住局面。
sum
up/sum
sth.
up 总计;
概括
to
sum
up=in
sum
总之
a
large
sum
of
许多,
大量
(1)To
sum
up
(总之),
we
have
achieved
a
lot,
but
we
still
need
to
work
harder.
?
(2)
It
is
important
to
remember
that
success
is
a
sum
of
(一
些)
small
efforts
made
each
day
and
often
takes
years
to
achieve.
?
(3)His
uncle
gave
him
a
large
sum
of
money
(一大笔钱)
to
help
him
set
up
his
own
company.
?
2.
indicate
vt.
表明;
显示
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Some
data
in
the
report
shows
that
reading
remains
a
big
part
of
many
children’s
lives,
and
indicates
how
parents
might
help
encourage
more
reading.
报告中的一些数据显示,
阅读仍然是许多孩子生活的重要部分,
并表明父母可能如何帮助鼓励更多的阅读。
Research
indicates
that
eating
habits
are
changing
fast.
研究显示,
饮食习惯正迅速改变。
Can
you
give
an
indication
of
price
to
me?
你能给我一个估价吗?
The
economic
indicators
are
better
than
expected.
经济指标比预期的好。
Their
failure
to
act
is
indicative
of
their
lack
of
interest.
他们未采取行动,
这表示他们没有兴趣。
indicate
that/whether.
.
.
表明……
indication
n.
象征;
表明,
迹象
give
an
indication
显示
indicator
n.
指示物;
指标
indicative
adj.
指示的;
象征的;
表明的
(1)语法填空。
①There
is
a
great
deal
of
evidence
indicating
(indicate)
that
music
activities
engage
different
parts
of
the
brain.
②Forms
will
be
available
in
school
and
online
for
them
to
indicate(indicate)
their
choices
and
return
to
school.
?
③Wild
goats’
appearance
on
the
vast
grasslands
was
a
good
indication
(indicate)
of
the
better
environment.
(2)The
President
appeared
at
the
party,
indicating
that
he
had
recovered
from
his
illness.
?
总统出现在晚会上,
表明他的病已经痊愈了。
3.
lead
to
引起;
导致;
通向,
通往
(2019·天津高考)Mathematical
models
have
also
revealed
that
food
webs
may
be
unstable,
where
small
changes
of
top
predators
can
lead
to
big
effects
throughout
entire
ecosystems.
数学模型也揭示了食物网可能是不稳定的,
在那里顶端捕食者的微小变化可以导致整个生态系统的巨大影响。
He
pulled
away,
extending
his
lead
to
15
seconds.
他甩开了对手,
领先优势扩大到了15秒。
Many
factors
can
lead
to
growth
retardation
in
unborn
babies.
许多因素可以导致胎儿发育迟缓。
lead
to中的to是介词,
其后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
【知识延伸】
以介词to结尾的动词短语:
look
forward
to盼望;
期待
get
down
to开始认真做某事
devote.
.
.
to致力于;
奉献于
be/get/become
used/accustomed
to习惯于
All
roads
lead
to
Rome.
条条大路通罗马。
(1)语法填空。
①Many
of
these
chemicals
can
lead
to
cancer
or
other
illnesses.
②The
new
evidence
led
to
him
being
arrested(arrest)
by
the
police.
?
(2)A
poor
diet
will
ultimately
lead
to
illness.
?
糟糕的饮食终将导致疾病。
4.
a
wide
range
of
大范围的;
各种各样的
We
cautiously
began
a
conversation
and
spoke
about
a
wide
range
of
things.
We
never
introduced
ourselves.
我们小心翼翼地开始了谈话,
谈了很多事情。我们从不做自我介绍。
The
average
period
is
four
days,
but
can
range
between
two
and
ten
days.
平均期为4天,
但可为2天到10天之间不等。
We
are
now
within
range
of
enemy
fire.
我们现在处于敌人的火力射程以内。
Courses
range
from
cooking
to
computing.
课程从烹饪到计算机应用都有。
If
any
of
you
doesn’t
want
to
be
seen
on
the
Internet,
then
sit
out
of
range
of
camera.
如果你们不想在网上被看到的话,
那么就坐在摄像机拍摄的范围外。
in/within
range
of 在……的范围内
out
of/beyond
range
of
超出……的范围
range
from
A
to
B
在A到B之间变化;
包括从A到B之间的各种事物
range
between
A
and
B
在A到B之间变化
a
range
of中range前可用wide/broad修饰,
表示范围大。
Collectively
called
The
Four
Books
and
The
Five
Classics,
they
cover
such
a
wide
range
of
subjects
as
literature,
history,
philosophy,
politics,
economics,
education,
moral
ethics,
geology,
arts,
science
and
technology,
etc.
“四书五经”的内容涉及文学、史学、哲学、政治、经济、教育、伦理道德、地质、
艺术和科技等各个方面。
(1)语法填空。
①Those
who
truly
understand
the
economic
impact
and
can
work
to
change
the
patterns
can
create
a
wide
range
of
career
possibilities.
②The
two
leaders
talked
about
lots
of
topics,
ranging(range)
from
peace
to
education.
③
It
is
very
easy
to
find
a
table
in/within
our
price
range
in
this
shop.
(2)Thanks
to
the
Internet,
we
can
do
a
wide/broad
range
of
(各种各样的)
things
online.
?
(3)The
football
team
contained
11
players
whose
ages
ranged
between
10
and
15/ranged
from
10
to
15(在10到15岁之间).
?
课时素养评价
八 Unit
8 Writing
Workshop
&
Reading
Club
Ⅰ.
单句语法填空
1.
Argentina,
whose
official(office)
language
is
Spanish,
gained
its
independence
from
Spain
in
1816.
2.
The
majority(major)
of
the
local
people
get
benefits
from
the
medical
reform.
3.
The
survey
indicated(indicate)
that
in
2019,
high
school
students
were
involved
in
an
average
of
eight
after-class
activities.
4.
He
gains
a
sum
of
money
from
the
local
government
annually(annual).
5.
Industrial
pollutants(pollute)
are
responsible
for
a
sizable
proportion
of
all
cancers.
6.
But
station
residents(resident)
have
to
be
careful
about
staying
in
one
place
too
long.
7.
The
community
also
provides
bedding
and
other
disposable(dispose)
daily
necessities
for
guests.
8.
The
kind
of
containers(contain)can
be
bought
in
the
local
supermarket.
9.
Chuck
Wall
teaches
management(manage)
and
human
relations
at
Bakersfield
College.
10.
We
are
in
a
difficult
position
in
that
we
have
nobody
properly(proper)
qualified
for
this
work.
Ⅱ.
选词填空
take
part
in,
take
care
of,
the
majority
of,
cut
back
on,
turn
off,
find
out,
pay
attention
to,
to
sum
up,
end
up,
a
wide
range
of
1.
Welcome
to
take
part
in
the
English
speech
contest,
which
is
to
help
you
improve
your
spoken
English.
?
2.
In
order
to
cut
back
on
the
expense,
you
should
make
use
of
the
materials
properly.
?
3.
To
sum
up,
my
life
will
be
richer
and
more
colourful.
?
4.
I
managed
to
find
out
the
reasons
for
my
failure
with
the
help
of
my
teachers
and
parents.
?
5.
Many
working
women
rely
on
relatives
to
help
take
care
of
their
children.
?
6.
The
professor
suggested
that
we
(should)
pay
attention
to
improving
people’s
environmental
protection
awareness.
?
7.
Left
alone
at
home,
Anny
was
so
alarmed
that
she
dared
not
turn
off
the
lights.
?
8.
At
first
he
refused
to
accept
any
responsibility
but
he
ended
up
apologizing.
?
9.
While
the
majority
of
the
passengers
were
getting
out,
she
glanced
at
the
faces
around
her.
?
10.
The
experiment
performed
in
the
1990s
showed
that
many
plants
tolerate
a
wide
range
of
light
conditions.
?
Ⅲ.
完成句子
1.
Miss
Xu
speaks
English
as
fluently
as
you.
?
徐小姐说英语和你一样流利。(as+adv.
+as)
2.
When
it
comes
to
developing
our
economy,
we
must
consider
the
environmental
protection.
?
说到发展我们的经济,
我们必须考虑环境保护。(when
it
comes
to.
.
.
)
3.
Although
regular
exercise
is
very
important,
it’s
never
a
good
idea
to
exercise
too
close
to
bedtime.
?
虽然经常锻炼是非常重要的,
但临睡前锻炼也不是一个好主意。(although)
4.
In
a
word,
we
should
learn
how
to
use
WeChat
properly.
?
总之,
我们应该学会如何恰当地使用微信。(连词+to
do)
5.
It
is
predicted
that
our
lives
will
change
definitely
as
well
in
the
future.
?
据预测,
我们的生活在未来也一定会改变。(it
is/was+predicted
that.
.
.
)
Ⅰ.
阅读理解
A
Clothing
rental
(租赁)
is
a
hot
new
industry
and
businessmen
are
trying
their
best
to
attract
shoppers.
This
past
summer
alone,
Urban
Outfitters,
Macy’s,
Bloomingdale’s,
and
American
Eagle
have
all
announced
rental
subscription
services
—
a
sure
sign
of
changing
times.
But
is
renting
fashion
actually
more
environmentally-friendly
than
buying
it,
and
if
so,
how
much
more?
Journalist
and
author
Elizabeth
Cline
researched
this
question
in
an
article
for
Elle,
and
she
concluded
that
it’s
not
as
green
as
it
seems.
Take
shipping,
for
example,
which
has
to
go
two
ways
if
an
item
is
rented
—
receiving
and
returning.
Cline
writes
that
consumer
transportation
has
the
second
largest
footprint
of
our
fashion
habit
after
producing.
She
writes,
“An
item
ordered
online
and
then
returned
can
send
out
20
kilograms
of
carbon
each
way,
and
increase
to
50
kilograms
for
rush
shipping.
However,
the
carbon
effect
of
a
pair
of
jeans
bought
in
a
store
and
washed
and
worn
at
home
is
33.
4
kilograms,
according
to
a
2015
study.
”
Then
there’s
the
burden
of
washing,
which
has
to
happen
for
every
item
when
it’s
returned,
regardless
of
whether
or
not
it
was
worn.
For
most
rental
services,
this
usually
means
dry-cleaning
is
a
high-effect
and
polluting
process,
which
can
produce
dangerous
waste
and
air
pollution
if
not
dealt
with
correctly.
Lastly,
Cline
fears
that
rental
services
will
increase
our
desire
for
fast
fashion,
simply
because
it’s
so
easy
to
get.
There’s
something
called
“share-washing”
that
leads
to
more
wasteful
behaviors
mainly
because
a
product
or
service
is
shared
and
thus
is
regarded
as
more
eco-friendly.
Uber
is
one
example
of
this,
advertised
as
“a
way
to
share
rides
and
limit
car
ownership,
”
and
yet
“it
has
been
proven
to
discourage
walking,
bicycling,
and
public
transportation
use.
”
Renting
clothes
is
still
preferable
to
buying
them
cheap
and
throwing
them
in
the
waste
after
a
few
times
of
wear,
but
we
shouldn’t
let
the
convenience
of
these
services
make
us
satisfied.
There’s
an
even
better
step—and
that’s
wearing
what
is
already
in
the
closet
(衣柜).
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。论述租衣服是否比买衣服更环保。
1.
How
much
carbon
will
be
produced
when
an
item
is
normally
ordered
online
and
then
returned?
A.
10
kilograms.
B.
20
kilograms.
C.
40
kilograms.
D.
50
kilograms.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第四段中的An
item
ordered
online
and
then
returned
can
send
out
20
kilograms
of
carbon
each
way,
and
increase
to
50
kilograms
for
rush
shipping.
可知,
当一件商品通常在网上订购后被退回,
会产生40千克的碳。故选C。
2.
What
does
Elizabeth
Cline
think
of
clothing
rental?
A.
It
is
considered
fashioned.
B.
It
is
popular
to
young
people.
C.
It
can
reduce
the
transport
burden.
D.
It
can
leave
the
large
carbon
footprint.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第三段中的Take
shipping,
for
example,
which
has
to
go
two
ways
if
an
item
is
rented
—
receiving
and
returning.
Cline
writes
that
consumer
transportation
has
the
second
largest
footprint
of
our
fashion
habit
after
producing.
可知,
Elizabeth
Cline认为租赁衣服会留下大量的碳足迹。
3.
The
example
of
Uber
is
used
to
show
the
rental
services
______.
?
A.
cause
more
wasteful
behaviors
B.
satisfy
our
desire
for
fashion
C.
help
protect
the
environment
D.
replace
the
public
transport
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的There’s
something
called
“share-washing”
that
leads
to
more
wasteful
behaviors
mainly
because
a
product
or
service
is
shared
and
thus
is
regarded
as
more
eco-friendly.
Uber
is
one
example
of
this,
advertised
as
“a
way
to
share
rides
and
limit
car
ownership,
”
and
yet
“it
has
been
proven
to
discourage
walking,
bicycling,
and
public
transportation
use.
”可知,
以Uber为例,
是为了说明租赁服务造成更多的浪费行为。故选A。
4.
What
does
the
author
actually
want
to
express
in
the
last
paragraph?
A.
The
request
for
throwing
cheap
clothes.
B.
The
advice
on
wearing
what
we
own.
C.
The
disadvantage
of
clothing
rental.
D.
The
call
for
renting
clothes.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,
作者想表达的是“关于穿我们自己的衣服的建议”。故选B。
B
(2020·漳州高一检测)
Businesses
are
witnessing
a
difficult
time,
which
has
in
turn
produced
influence
on
consumers’
desire
to
go
green.
However,
shoppers
are
still
laying
stress
on
environmental
concerns.
Two
thirds
of
customers
say
that
environmental
considerations
inform
their
purchases
to
the
same
degree
as
they
did
a
year
ago,
while
more
than
a
quarter
say
that
they
are
now
even
better
aware
of
the
environmental
effect
on
what
they
buy.
This
may
help
to
influence
how
shops
store
goods
on
their
shelves.
And
the
companies
should
still
make
efforts
to
become
more
environmentally-friendly.
Two
out
of
three
people
think
it
is
important
to
buy
from
environmentally-responsible
companies,
with
about
one
in
seven
saying
that
they
had
even
decided
to
take
their
custom
elsewhere
if
they
felt
a
company’s
environmental
reputation
was
not
good
enough.
Harry
Morrison,
chief
executive
(主管)
of
the
Carbon
Trust,
sympathizes,
“I
understand
this
situation
where
survival
is
very
important
now.
But
from
environmental
considerations,
the
clock
is
ticking
—
we
don’t
have
much
time.
In
addition,
cutting
carbon
has
an
immediate
effect
as
costs
drop
and
a
medium-term
benefit
for
the
brand.
”
Larger
companies
have
an
extra
motivation
to
look
at
reducing
their
carbon
footprint,
as
new
rules
next
year
will
require
businesses
to
buy
carbon
allowances
to
make
up
for
their
emissions
(排放).
Those
that
have
taken
early
action
will
have
a
head
start.
More
than
two
thirds
of
consumers
are
not
clear
about
which
companies
are
environmentally
responsible.
This
suggests
that
firms
that
are
able
to
relay
clearly
their
message
to
the
public
will
be
in
a
pole
position
to
attract
shoppers.
The
Carbon
Trust
believes
that
it
can
help
by
informing
customers
about
the
good
work
companies
are
doing.
“When
companies
are
granted
(授予)
the
standard,
they
can
use
a
logo
(标识)
in
all
their
marketing
which
makes
it
clear
that
they
are
working
towards
cutting
emissions,
”
Mr
Morrison
said.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了由于消费者环保意识的增强,
各公司不得不下大力气减少碳的排放量。
5.
What’s
the
main
idea
of
the
passage?
A.
Businesses
are
finding
ways
to
send
their
message
to
the
shoppers.
B.
Companies
will
soon
get
information
about
cutting
carbon
emissions.
C.
Firms
are
making
efforts
to
encourage
customers
to
keep
goods
at
home.
D.
Firms
are
urged
to
cut
carbon
emissions
by
shoppers’
environmental
awareness.
【解析】选D。主旨大意题。通读全文及第一段Businesses
are
witnessing
a
difficult
time,
which
has
in
turn
produced
influence
on
consumers’
desire
to
go
green.
和第三段中的Two
out
of
three
people
think
it
is
important
to
buy
from
environmentally-responsible
companies,
with
about
one
in
seven
saying
that
they
had
even
decided
to
take
their
custom
elsewhere
if
they
felt
a
company’s
environmental
reputation
was
not
good
enough.
可知,
文章主要介绍了消费者的环保意识正敦促企业减少碳排放。
6.
The
underlined
word
“inform”
in
Paragraph
2
probably
means
“______”.
?
A.
affect
B.
change
C.
disturb
D.
reject
【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据该词所在句后面的内容while
more
than
a
quarter
say
that
they
are
now
even
better
aware
of
the
environmental
effect
on
what
they
buy.
可知,
画线词与选项中的affect意思相同。
7.
According
to
Harry
Morrison,
businesses
______.
?
A.
will
benefit
from
cutting
carbon
emissions
B.
should
buy
carbon
allowances
for
shoppers
C.
are
required
to
make
up
for
their
carbon
emissions
D.
have
encouraged
shoppers
to
take
their
custom
elsewhere
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第四段Harry
Morrison所说的一番话,
特别是最后一句In
addition,
cutting
carbon
has
an
immediate
effect
as
costs
drop
and
a
medium-term
benefit
for
the
brand.
可推断,
企业将从减少碳排放中获益。
8.
We
can
learn
from
the
passage
that
businesses
will
______.
?
A.
have
a
strong
desire
to
reduce
costs
B.
use
the
same
logo
in
their
marketing
C.
gain
advantages
by
taking
early
action
D.
attract
more
shoppers
by
storing
goods
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第五段中Those
that
have
taken
early
action
will
have
a
head
start.
可知,
那些通过早期行动的企业将获得优势。
Ⅱ.
应用文写作
假定你是李华,
你的美国笔友Sam想了解中国的共享单车(bike
sharing)。请你根据如下图片和信息,
用英语给他回复邮件,
简要介绍共享单车及其意义,
并邀请他来中国体验。
主要单车类型
Mobike;
ofo
bike
使用方法
配置GPS,
可定位;
通过手机预订和解锁
优势
便捷、高效、环保
注意:
1.
词数80个左右;
2.
可以适当增加细节,
以使行文连贯。
Dear
Sam,
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li
Hua
【参考范文】
Dear
Sam,
Learning
that
you
are
interested
in
China’s
emerging
bike-sharing
service,
I
am
writing
to
share
some
information
with
you.
Bike
sharing
has
become
a
new
trend
in
China.
You
know,
Chinese
people
are
seeking
for
a
greener
and
more
environmentally-friendly
lifestyle.
Equipped
with
GPS,
such
kinds
of
bicycles
like
Mobikes
and
ofo
bikes
can
be
located,
booked
and
unlocked
via
smartphones.
The
bicycles
are
accessible
on
the
streets
of
many
big
cities,
which
are
commonly
accepted
by
the
public,
especially
teenagers.
I
am
sure
that
the
government’s
bike-sharing
service
could
be
more
convenient
and
effective.
Welcome
to
China
to
experience
the
new
service
if
you
like.
Yours,
Li
Hua
应用文写作
(2020·江苏省高一检测)
假如你是校学生会主席李华,
为提升同学环保意识,
你校准备于下周六开展“垃圾分类助推活动”,
请代表学校写一则书面通知,
向留学生介绍活动的具体安排,
内容包括:
1.
活动意义;
2.
具体安排;
3.
报名方式。
参考词汇:
垃圾分类
garbage
sorting
注意:
词数80左右。
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
NOTICE
To
raise
students’
awareness
of
environmental
protection
and
promote
garbage
sorting
on
campus,
our
school
will
conduct
a
series
of
activities
next
Saturday.
Detailed
arrangements
are
as
follows:
From
8:
00
to
10:
00
am,
a
lecture
on
current
environmental
problems
and
possible
solutions
will
be
given
by
a
famous
environmentalist
in
the
lecture
room.
For
the
following
hour,
two
community
workers
will
give
useful
tips
on
garbage
sorting.
At
2:
00
pm,
participants
will
walk
around
campus,
pick
up
trash
and
practice
garbage
sorting.
At
4
pm,
a
sharing
meeting
will
be
held
in
the
activity
room
to
reflect
on
the
activities
of
that
day.
If
you
are
interested
in
these
activities,
please
sign
up
on
the
homepage
of
our
school’s
website.
You
are
welcome
to
join
us!
The
Students’
Union
April
21,
2020
【阅读多维训练】
Businesses
are
witnessing
a
difficult
time,
which
has
in
turn
produced
influence
on
consumers’
desire
to
go
green.
分析:
本句为主从复合句。含有which引导的定语从句,
修饰先行词a
difficult
time。?
译文:
企业正在经历一个艰难的时期,
这反过来又对消费者产生了影响,
促使他们渴望走向绿色。
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