选修7 Unit19 Language
(主题语境:人与自我——生活与学习)
核心考点课堂突破
1.absencen.缺乏,不存在;缺席
[教材原句]However,learning
English
as
a
foreign
language
is
very
difficult
in
the
absence
of
a
native
language
environment.(P6)然而,作为一门外语,学习英语没有母语环境是很难的。
语境巧练
[单句语法填空]
①The
children
decorated
the
house
beautifully
to
celebrate
their
grandmother’s
birthday
the
absence
of
their
mother.?
②The
company
will
be
in
the
charge
of
Bush
during
his
father’s
(absent).?
③Now
all
that
was
needed
were
the
parents,but
they
were
(absence).?
[翻译句子]
④主持人没有解释主席为什么缺席了那次重要会议。
?
?
考点必记
①in
the
absence
of缺乏……时,当……不在时
absence
of
mind精神不集中,心不在焉
absence
from缺席
②absent
adj.缺席的;缺乏的,不存在的 v.缺席,不参加
be
absent
(from)缺席(……)
[写作佳句]
All
the
students
behaved
wonderfully
in
the
absence
of
their
headteacher.在班主任不在的时候,所有的学生都表现很棒。
2.surroundvt.环绕,围绕;包围;与……紧密相关
[教材原句]Some
respected
theories
on
language
acquisition
believe
that
to
attain
a
high
level
of
fluency
and
accuracy
in
a
foreign
language,you
need
to
be
surrounded
by
it.(P6)根据有些受人推崇的语言习得理论,学外语要达到一种高水平的流利程度和准确度,你需要置身于这种语言之中。
语境巧练
[用所给词的适当形式填空]
①Now
we
live
in
a
world
(surround)
by
the
“can’t
do”
attitudes.(2018·天津卷,阅读表达)?
②And
don’t
forget:we
are
(surround)
by
a
natural
playground
just
perfect
for
walking,caving,climbing
and
cycling.(2019·江苏卷,阅读理解A篇)?
[小话题写作]
③作为一位经验丰富且受欢迎的老师,周老师下课后总是被学生包围着,向他咨询一些问题。
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷,书面表达)
As
an
experienced
and
popular
teacher,Mr.Zhou
is
always
his
students
after
class,who
consult
him
about
some
problems.?
考点必记
①surround
sb/sth包围某人/物
surround
sb/sth
with
sb/sth使某人/物包围某人/物
be
surrounded
by/with
sb/sth被某人/物所包围
②surroundings
n.环境
[名师点津]
surrounding为形容词,表示“周围的,附近的”,而surroundings则是名词,表示“周围的事物;环境,气氛”。
3.guaranteevt.保证,担保;提供保修单;确保
n.保证书;担保;抵押品
[教材原句]Knowing
the
main
stories
before
reading
will
guarantee
greater
comprehension
when
reading
in
English.(P6)在读前了解主要的故事会确保用英语阅读时更透彻地理解。
语境巧练
[单句语法填空]
①Buy
all
these
books,and
I
guarantee
you’ll
like
each
of
them.?
②This
complete
but
brief
historical
collection
is
certain
to
entertain
readers
young
and
old,and
guaranteed
(present)
even
the
biggest
history
lover
with
something
new!?
[完成句子]
③尽管昆士兰铁路尽一切努力确保火车按计划运行,但却不能保证火车之间或火车服务与公共汽车服务之间的连接。(2020·全国Ⅰ卷,阅读理解A篇)
While
Queensland
Rail
makes
every
effort
to
ensure
trains
run
as
scheduled,there
can
be
connections
between
trains
or
between
train
services
and
bus
services.?
[小话题写作]
④我保证我能把这些杰作背后的深刻意义生动地描述给参观者。(2019·全国Ⅰ卷,书面表达)
I
a
vivid
description
of
the
profound
meaning
behind
those
masterpieces
to
the
visitors.?
考点必记
①guarantee
sb
sth向某人担保某事
guarantee
to
do
sth保证做某事
be
guaranteed
to
do
sth肯定会/必定会做某事
guarantee+that从句保证……
guarantee
sth
against...保障某物免受……
②under
guarantee在保修期内
no
guarantee
of不是……的保证
[写作佳句]
The
shop
promised
that
they
would
repair
our
car
for
free,because
it
was
still
under
guarantee.商店承诺他们将免费维修我们的汽车,因为它仍在保修期内。
4.adjustvt.调节;调整 vi.适应;习惯
[教材原句]Watching
a
favourite
DVD,but
adjusting
the
language
to
English
in
parts
you
know
well.(P6)观看你最喜爱的一张光盘,但要把你熟悉的部分语言调换成英语。
语境巧练
[单句语法填空]
①Adjusting
an
upright
position
was
quite
a
challenge,especially
when
the
bones
had
to
support
an
extra-large
skull.(2019·江苏卷,任务型阅读)?
②It
clearly
showed
that
while
likability
can
lead
to
healthy
(adjust),high
status
has
just
the
opposite
effect
on
us.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷,阅读理解D篇)?
[完成句子]
③习惯了住在乡下的我父母住公寓难以适应。
My
parents
who
were
used
to
living
in
the
countryside
had
trouble
in
an
apartment.?
考点必记
①adjust
sth调节……
adjust
to适应
adjust
(sth/oneself)
to
(doing)
sth使(某物/某人自己)适应(做)某事
②adjustable
adj.可调整的;可调节的
adjustment
n.调整;调节;(思想、行为的)适应
make
an
adjustment做出调整
[写作佳句]
Obviously,students
are
terrible
at
adjusting
their
sleep
cycles
to
their
daily
schedule.显然,学生很难按自己的日程调整睡眠周期。
5.informv.告知,通知;了解,熟悉
[教材原句]Inform
a
friend
of
your
targets
so
they
can
help
motivate
you
as
well.(P6)把你的目标告诉朋友,这样他们能帮忙激励你。
语境巧练
[单句语法填空]
①I
made
it
a
habit
to
inform
visitors
the
system
that
we
used.?
②After
they
started
to
build
the
new
high-speed
railway,they
kept
the
chief
engineer
(inform)
of
the
progress.?
考点必记
①inform
sb
of
sth通知某人某事
inform
sb
that/what/when/how...通知某人……(inform
的宾语通常只能是人,所以当后面接从句时,从句前的sb不能省略)
②informed
adj.有学问的,有见识的
keep
sb
informed随时向某人报告情况,让某人了解
[写作佳句]
My
uncle
hopes
I
will
write
to
him
from
time
to
time
and
inform
him
of
my
progress.我叔叔希望我常常给他写信,告诉他我的进步。
6.unconsciousadj.不省人事的,失去知觉的;无意识的,自然流露的;不知不觉的
[教材原句]However,body
language
can
be
unconscious
as
well.(P10)然而,身体语言也可以是无意识的。
语境巧练
[单句语法填空]
①He
was,as
a
matter
of
fact,very
famous
then,but
he
was
quite
(conscious)
of
it.?
②Most
of
the
time
she
was
lost
in
thought,and
was
quite
unconscious
her
surroundings.?
[完成句子]
③这儿的人们大量砍伐树木,没有意识到环境保护的重要性。
People
here
cut
down
a
lot
of
trees, the
importance
of
environmental
protection.?
考点必记
①be
(un)conscious
of(没有)意识到
knock/beat
sb
unconscious打昏某人
②unconsciously
adv.不知不觉地,无意地
unconsciousness
n.昏迷,无知觉状态
conscious
adj.感觉到的;知道的
[写作佳句]
Conscious
of
danger,Deng
Jiaxian
still
insisted
on
going
to
the
spot
himself.意识到了危险,邓稼先依然坚持自己去现场。
7.resemblevt.像;与……相似(相当于looklike或besimilarto)
[教材原句]They
might
also
cross
their
arms
and
move
in
an
abrupt
way
resembling
a
robot
more
than
a
human.(P10)他们也可能交叉手臂,走起路来很笨拙,更像机器人而不是人类。
语境巧练
[用所给词的适当形式填空]
①Son
Austin,now
a
10th-grader,didn’t
see
the
point
of
building
a
library
that
(resemble)
a
mailbox.?
②What
happens
in
the
film
bears
little
(resemble)
to
what
actually
happened.?
[完成句子]
③她在相貌上和她姐姐很像,但性格不像。
She
resembles
her
sister
.?
考点必记
①resemble
sb/sth与某人/某物相似
resemble
sb/sth
in...在……方面与某人/某物相似
②resemblance
n.相似
[写作佳句]
It
took
them
ten
minutes
to
talk
about
whether
the
boy
resembled
his
father
or
mother.他们花了十分钟去谈论这男孩是像爸爸还是像妈妈。
8.negotiatev.协商;谈判;交涉;达成(协议)
[教材原句]You
can
negotiate
the
price
by
using
your
fingers
and
even
ask
questions
by
using
your
hands
to
outline
the
shapes
of
things
you
want...(P10)你可以用手指讨价还价,甚至可以用手比画出你想要的东西的形状来问问题……
语境巧练
[单句语法填空]
①The
young
saleswoman
regards
negotiating
prices
customers
as
her
special
talent.?
②At
last
the
two
sides
ended
the
(negotiate)
in
a
friendly
and
harmonious
atmosphere.?
③We’ve
made
a
decision
that
we’ll
negotiate
the
employers
about
our
salary.?
[完成句子]
④上周所提交的合同现在还在商讨中。
The
contracts
submitted
last
week
are
now
.?
考点必记
①negotiate
with
sb
about/for
sth与某人商议某事/谈判某事
negotiate
sth
with
sb通过与某人商议某事处理或解决某事;商订;洽谈
②negotiator
n.协商者,谈判代表
negotiable
adj.可讨论的,可协商的
negotiation
n.协商;谈判
under
negotiation在商谈中
[名师点津]
under
negotiation表示被动意义,类似的还有:under
discussion在讨论中,under
repair在修理中,under
control在控制之下,under
construction在建筑中,under
consideration在考虑中。
9.getahead取得成功,获得进步
[教材原句]In
today’s
world,being
able
to
speak
more
than
one
language,including
English,is
how
you
stand
out
and
getahead.(P6)当今世界,要想取得令人瞩目的成就,就要会讲一种以上的语言,包括英语。
语境巧练
[完成句子]
①只有你真正专心于你所做的事,你才能取得成功。
Only
when
you
concentrate
on
what
you’re
doing
can
you
really
with
it.?
②伦敦时间要比纽约时间早五个小时。
The
time
in
London
is
five
hours
in
New
York.?
③你往远处看,便可以看见村庄里的灯光。
in
the
distance,and
you
can
see
the
lights
of
the
village.?
[小话题写作]
④在金教授的帮助下,我们物理学习正稳步取得进步。
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷,书面表达)
With
Professor
Jin’s
help,we
are
our
physics
study
steadily.?
考点必记
ahead
of在……之前;胜过,超过
get
ahead
of超过;胜过
go
ahead前进,干吧,说吧
go
ahead
with开始,继续
look
ahead向前看
[写作佳句]
Put
your
heart
in
your
study,and
you
will
find
it
easy
to
getahead.专心致志学习,你就会发现很容易取得进步。
10.catchon学会;理解;变得流行
[教材原句]Well,I’m
sure
you
will
catchon
really
quickly!(P9)嗯,我相信你很快就会学会的。
语境巧练
[完成句子]
①这一想法很快便流行开来,全英国现在有四十多个聊天椅。(2020·天津卷,完形填空)
The
idea
is
quickly.There
are
now
over
40
chat
benches
throughout
England.?
②那名学生被发现在考试中查笔记,受到了惩罚。
his
notes
in
the
exam,the
student
got
punished.?
[小话题写作]
③他的一个朋友停下来修理自行车,但他们鼓励Mac继续前进,他们很快就会追上他。
One
of
his
friends
had
stopped
to
make
a
bicycle
repair,but
they
had
encouraged
Mac
to
carry
on,and
they
him
soon.?
考点必记
catch
up
with赶上
catch
on
to理解;突然了解
catch
sb
doing
sth撞见某人做某事
catch
sight
of看见
catch
fire着火
catch
one’s
attention
吸引某人的注意
[写作佳句]
Preview
the
lesson,listen
to
the
teacher
carefully
in
class,and
you’ll
be
bound
to
catchon
to
the
content.预习、上课认真听老师讲课,你一定能理解这些内容。
11.ontheotherhand另一方面
[教材原句]Ontheotherhand,you
can
also
easily
show
what
you
don’t
like
by
shaking
your
head.(P10)另一方面,你也可以很容易通过摇头来表明你不喜欢。
语境巧练
[完成句子]
①另一方面,如果你问:“你如何看待我们的城市?”他们将有更多的回答自由。(2020·全国Ⅱ卷,听力)
,if
you
ask,“What
do
you
think
of
our
city?”
They
will
have
more
freedom
in
answering.?
②另一方面,你可能无法数出自己想过的次数,“我很高兴谈话结束了。它似乎永远持续下去!”(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷,七选五)
,you
probably
can’t
count
the
times
that
you’ve
thought,“I’m
glad
that
talk
is
over.It
seemed
to
go
on
forever!”?
[小话题写作]
③一方面,我一直渴望有机会在如此出色的平台上提供服务。另一方面,我充满活力、热情和朝气,我有能力胜任志愿工作。(2019·全国Ⅰ卷,书面表达)
,I’ve
been
longing
for
a
chance
to
offer
service
in
such
a
fantastic
platform. ,being
active,enthusiastic
and
energetic,I
am
confident
to
be
competent
for
the
voluntary
work.?
考点必记
on
the
one
hand...,on
the
other
hand...一方面……,另一方面……
[名师点津]
for
one
thing...,for
another...一方面……,另一方面……(引出并列的理由)
[写作佳句]
Walking
too
much,ontheotherhand,may
cause
damage
to
your
legs.另一方面,过度行走可能会导致你腿部受伤。
12.Thereisnopoint(in)doing做……没有意义
[教材原句]There’snopointreading
the
news
in
English
if
you’ve
already
watched
it
in
your
own
language.(P6)如果你已经用母语看过这则消息,再用英语来读这则消息是没有意义的。
语境巧练
[用所给词的适当形式填空]
①There
is
no
point
(talk)about
who
is
right
and
who
is
wrong.?
[完成句子]
②如果我们待在家里,很舒服,还没有必要花钱。
If
we
stay
at
home,it
is
comfortable
and
money.?
③为遥远的未来担忧是没有用的。
about
the
far
future.?
④我们一直刻苦训练,并强调团队精神的重要性,所以没有必要担心结果。(2019·全国Ⅰ卷,书面表达)
We
have
been
practicing
very
hard
and
we
stress
the
importance
of
teamwork,so
about
the
result.?
考点必记
There
is
no
point
(in)
doing表示“做……没有意义”。
[名师点津]
类似结构有:
①There
is
no
need
(in)
doing/to
do
sth表示“没有必要做某事”。
②There
is
no
use
(in)
doing
sth表示“做某事没有用”。
③There
is
no
good
(in)
doing
sth表示“做某事没有好处”。
④There
is
no
sense
in
doing
sth表示“做某事没有道理或说不过去”。
⑤There
is
no
harm
in
doing
that表示“那样做并无害处”。
[写作佳句]
Thereisnosensein
trying
to
change
what
can’t
be
changed.努力去改变无法改变的事是没有意义的。
13.“Itis/waspredictedthat...”据预测……
[教材原句]Itwaspredicted
as
early
as
the
1700s
that
English
would
one
day
be
the
global
language
and
that
has
proved
to
be
the
case
in
the
last
few
decades.(P6)早在18世纪人们就预测,有一天英语将成为全球性语言,并且在过去的几十年中它已得到了证明。
语境巧练
[完成句子]
①据预测在不久的将来一种新的能源将会代替石油。
a
new
energy
will
replace
oil
in
the
near
future.?
②据报道有七名恐怖分子已被警方逮捕。
seven
terrorists
had
been
arrested
by
the
police.?
考点必记
“It
is/was
predicted
that...”表示“据预测……”。该结构中that引导的是一个主语从句,前面的it是形式主语。
[名师点津]
动词report,believe,guess,think,say,forecast等也常用在此结构中。
[写作佳句]
It’sbelievedthat
human
can
one
day
live
on
another
planet.人们相信有一天人类会在另一颗行星上生活。
14.providedthat引导条件状语从句
[教材原句]Thirdly,you
say
that
there
is
a
discount
providedthat
I
pay
in
advance.(P12)第三,你们说我只要预付款就有折扣。
语境巧练
[单句语法填空]
①Provided
you
practice
Chinese
calligraphy
like
this,you’ll
get
ahead
with
it
soon.?
[完成句子]
②如果露西也受到了邀请,我就来。
I’ll
come
Lucy
is
invited
as
well.?
③假如这个周末下雪,我们还去爬山吗?
it
snows
this
weekend,shall
we
still
go
and
climb
the
hill??
[小话题写作]
④如果我们的目的是分享中国文化,这一不便利就不是问题了。(2019·江苏卷,书面表达)
The
inconvenience
is
not
a
problem
our
purpose
is
to
share
Chinese
culture.?
考点必记
句中的provided
that为连词,引导条件状语从句,相当于if。
[名师点津]
在英语中表示条件,用以引导条件状语从句的词(组)还有:on
condition
that,so/as
long
as,suppose(that),supposing(that),providing(that)等。
[写作佳句]
Providedthat
you’ve
decided
to
travel
to
China,I
strongly
recommend
that
you
go
to
Mount
Huang.假如你已经决定到中国旅行,我强烈推荐你去黄山。
随堂巩固迁移运用
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.One
of
his
latest
projects
has
been
to
make
plants
glow
(发光)
in
experiments
(use)
some
common
vegetables.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷,阅读理解D篇)?
2.However,Molai
went
looking
on
his
own
and
discovered
a
nearby
island
he
began
to
plant
trees.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷,完形填空)?
3.The
popularity
of
these
platforms
is
spreading
(globe).(2020·全国Ⅱ卷,七选五)?
4.They
leave
with
real-world
(apply)
for
what
they’re
studying
in
the
classroom.?
5.Steve
arrived
and
sat
in
the
front
row, (surround)
by
his
family.(2019·江苏卷,阅读理解D篇)?
6.The
little
boy’s
(embarrass)
question
made
the
young
couple
unable
to
find
a
proper
answer.?
7.Yesterday
the
president
didn’t
turn
up
at
the
important
meeting.No
one
knows
the
reason
for
his
(absent).?
8.Our
manager’s
nodding
his
head
showed
his
(approve)
of
our
proposal.?
9.The
party
is
a
chance
for
friends
and
family
(congratulate)
the
person
on
the
new
home.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷,七选五)?
Ⅱ.选词填空
punctual,transparent,curriculums,barber,diploma,regulations,embarrassed,candidate
It’s
1.
that
whatever
we
do
we
should
follow
some
2. .If
you
want
to
get
a
college
3.,you
must
pass
all
the
4.
after
you
are
admitted
into
the
college.If
you
want
your
theories
accepted,they
are
supposed
to
match
the
facts.If
you
are
a
5.
who
hopes
to
get
a
position,you
should
be
6.
when
you
go
to
an
interview.Even
a
7.
should
try
to
make
his
customer’s
haircut
satisfying,or
he
will
feel
8. .?
Ⅲ.根据汉语提示补全短文内容
1.
(亲爱的老师和同学们,今天我很高兴在这儿和你们分享学习英语的经验).I
spend
a
lot
of
time
learning
English
because
I
believe
English
is
very
important
nowadays.As
for
me,the
following
learning
methods
are
very
effective.2.
(首先,总是在课前认真做好准备,我发现在课堂上跟上老师很容易).3.
(第二,我在课堂上认真听课,课后立刻做练习,这帮我对所学知识获得很深的理解).Third,I
read
English
novels
in
my
spare
time
so
that
I
can
learn
more
about
Western
cultures
and
enlarge
my
vocabulary.Besides,listening
to
English
songs
helps
correct
my
pronunciation.4.
(我越是学习英语,英语就变得越容易).I
hope
you
will
enjoy
learning
English
as
well.?
Thank
you
for
listening.
选修7 Unit19 Language
核心考点·课堂突破
1.①in ②absence ③absent ④The
host
didn’t
explain
why
the
president
was
absent
from
the
important
meeting.
2.①surrounded ②surrounded ③surrounded
by
3.①that ②to
present ③no
guarantee
of ④guarantee
to
make
4.①to ②adjustment ③adjusting
to
living
5.①of ②informed
6.①unconscious ②of ③unconscious
of
7.①resembles ②resemblance ③in
appearance
but
not
in
character
8.①with ②negotiation ③with ④under
negotiation
9.①get
ahead ②ahead
of
that ③Look
ahead ④getting
ahead
with
10.①catching
on ②Caught
referring
to ③would
catch
up
with
11.①On
the
other
hand ②On
the
other
hand ③For
one
thing;For
another
12.①talking ②there
is
no
need
to
spend/in
spending ③There
is
no
use
worrying ④there
is
no
need
in
worrying/to
worry
13.①It’s
predicted
that ②It
was
reported
that
14.①that ②on
condition
that ③Supposing
that/Provided
that
④provided
that
随堂巩固·迁移运用
Ⅰ.1.using 2.where 3.globally 4.applications 5.surrounded
6.embarrassing 7.absence 8.approval 9.to
congratulate
Ⅱ.1.transparent 2.regulations 3.diploma 4.curriculums 5.candidate
6.punctual 7.barber 8.embarrassed
Ⅲ.1.Dear
teachers
and
classmates,it’s
a
great
pleasure
for
me
to
be
here
today
and
share
my
experience
of
learning
English
with
you
2.First,always
prepared
for
my
lessons
carefully
before
class,I
find
it
easy
to
keep
up
with
the
teacher
in
class
3.Second,I
listen
closely
in
class
and
do
exercises
immediately
after
class,which
helps
me
gain
a
deep
understanding
of
what
I
have
learned
4.The
more
I
learn
English,the
easier
it
becomes
PAGEUnit20 NewFrontiers
(主题语境:人与社会——科学与技术)
核心考点课堂突破
1.assistvt.帮助;协助
[教材原句]The
new
international
crew
were
planning
to
take
over
from
the
existing
one
and
assist
with
repairs
on
Alpha,which
suffered
slight
damage
last
week.(P19)新的国际机组人员计划接管现有的人员,并协助进行Alpha的维修,Alpha上周受到了轻微损坏。
语境巧练
[用所给词的适当形式填空]
①“So
do
I,”said
Harry.“We
really
should
do
something
(assist)
them.”(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷,读后续写)?
②I’m
sure
I
was
the
last
person
in
the
world
he
wanted
to
accept
(assist)
from.?
③His
presence
meant
that
I
had
an
unexpected
teaching
(assist)
in
class...?
[完成句子]
④人工智能帮助医生和护士对那位病人进行了手术。
An
AI
assisted
the
doctors
and
nurses
the
patient.?
考点必记
①assist
sb
(with
sth)帮助某人(做某事)
assist
sb
to
do
sth=assist
sb
in
doing
sth帮助某人做某事
②assistant
n.助理,助手
assistance
n.[U]帮助,协助
come
to
one’s
assistance来援助/帮助某人
be
of
any
(great)
assistance帮上忙
with
the
assistance
of在……的帮助下
2.conflictv.抵触,冲突 n.争执;斗争,冲突;争论
[教材原句]There
will
therefore
no
longer
be
any
conflict
and
people
will
be
able
to
live
together
in
peace
and
equality.(P20)因此世界上不会再有任何冲突,人们将能够在和平与平等中一起生活。
语境巧练
[单句语法填空]
①If
we
are
not
careful,then,we
could
face
a
kind
of
global
chess
match
against
very
determined,super
intelligent
machines
whose
objectives
conflict
our
own,with
the
real
world
as
the
chessboard.?
②The
two
companies
come
frequent
conflicts
as
a
result
of
competition.?
[完成句子]
③他们所有的这些举动都与普遍接受的国际法相冲突。
All
these
actions
by
them
were
the
universally
accepted
international
laws.?
考点必记
①conflict
with...和……发生冲突
②a
conflict
between...and...在……和……之间的冲突
in
conflict
with...和……冲突
come
into
conflict发生冲突
[写作佳句]
While
playing
football,the
two
students
came
into
conflict
because
one
kicked
the
other
on
the
foot.踢足球时两名学生因一名学生踢了另一名学生的脚而发生了冲突。
3.assessvt.评估,评价
[教材原句]Tiny,insect-like
robots
may
be
sent
around
the
cells
of
our
bodies
to
assess
our
health
and
carry
out
repairs
to
keep
us
healthy.(P20)可以把微小的、如昆虫一样大的机器人放置于人体的细胞中,评估我们的健康状况和进行修复工作,保持我们的健康。
语境巧练
[用所给词的适当形式填空]
①The
researchers
analyzed
video
recordings
of
53
child-parent
pairs
during
everyday
activities
at
home
and
found
children
who
play
with
puzzles
between
26
and
46
months
of
age
have
better
spatial
skills
when
(assess)
at
54
months
of
age.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷,阅读理解B篇)?
②...but
many
donators
have
rushed
into
fancy
programmes
without
carefully
(assess)
the
relative
long-term
costs
and
benefits
of
alternative
uses
of
their
money.(2019·江苏卷,阅读理解C篇)?
③The
main
reasons
we
get
angry
are
triggering(触发)
events,personality
traits
(特征),and
our
(assess)
of
situations.(2018·北京卷,七选五)?
[完成句子]
④在教室内试验这项技术,以评估它可能会有什么影响。
The
technique
is
being
tried
in
classrooms
what
effects
it
may
have.?
考点必记
①assess
sth评价某物
assess
sth
as...评价某物为……
assess
what/how...评价……
be
assessed
at被评定为(某数额)
②assessment
n.评估,评价
[写作佳句]
It
would
be
a
matter
of
assessing
whether
she
was
well
enough
to
travel
to
Tibet.这将是个评估她是否身体好到可以到西藏旅行的问题。
4.donatevt.捐赠;赠送
[教材原句]Medical
advances
ranged
from
discovering
the
causes
of
diseases
under
microscopes
to
surgical
procedures
replacing
diseased
organs
with
donated
ones.(P24)医学的进步包括从在显微镜下发现疾病的起因到用捐赠器官替代病变器官这样的外科手术过程。
语境巧练
[用所给词的适当形式填空]
①This
has
led
companies
and
individuals
(donate)
money
to
developing
countries
to
buy
computer
equipment
and
internet
facilities.(2019·江苏卷,阅读理解C篇)?
②For
just
a
small
(donate)
you
can
take
a
tour
with
our
garden
guide.(2018·全国Ⅲ卷,阅读理解A篇)?
③I
found
the
pre-holidays
a
good
time
to
encourage
young
children
(donate)
less-used
things,and
it
worked.(2018·全国Ⅲ卷,阅读理解D篇)?
[完成句子]
④戴维把他新买的T恤捐给那个孤儿真是很慷慨。
It’s
generous
his
newly-bought
T-shirt
to
the
orphan.?
考点必记
①donate
sth捐赠某物
donate
sth
to...把某物捐给……
②donor/donator
n.捐赠者,赠送者
donation
n.捐赠物(尤指捐款)
make
a
donation/make
donations进行捐赠
[写作佳句]
All
of
the
students
donated
their
old
books
to
the
children
in
the
poor
area.所有学生都把他们的旧书捐给了那个贫困地区的孩子们。
5.meanwhileadv.&n.在这期间;同时;对比之下
[教材原句]We
started
flying
around
the
world
and
meanwhile,scientists
figured
out
how
to
split
the
atom,previously
thought
to
be
the
smallest
particle
of
matter
in
the
universe.(P24)我们开始在世界各地飞行,同时,科学家们发现怎样分裂原子,而原子以前被认为是宇宙中最小的物质微粒。
语境巧练
[单句语法填空]
①Annie
had
no
idea
whether
to
choose
arts,and
the
meanwhile,she
couldn’t
improve
her
maths.?
[完成句子]
②杰克认为他妈妈有点健谈,而同时,他们母子关系很融洽。
Jack
thinks
his
mother
a
bit
talkative.The
mother-son
relationship, ,is
harmonious.?
[小话题写作]
③同时,几个女孩唱了一些甜美的歌,这使我们不那么疲惫。(2020·全国Ⅱ卷,书面表达)
,several
girls
sang
some
sweet
songs,which
made
us
feel
less
exhausted.?
考点必记
meanwhile和in
the
meanwhile及in
the
meantime表达相同的意思。
[写作佳句]
I
prefer
to
live
in
a
clean
and
tidy
house.Meanwhile,I
will
regard
it
as
my
duty
to
help
keep
our
environment
clean
and
healthy.我喜欢生活在干净整洁的房子里。同时,我把帮助保持我们的环境干净和健康看作是我的责任。
6.curevt.治愈;治好;解决 n.药,疗法;治疗
[教材原句]During
the
Second
World
War,when
Fleming’s
discovery
was
first
helping
to
cure
people,the
US
Navy
was
looking
for
ways
of
improving
the
accuracy
of
their
missiles.(P25)第二次世界大战期间,弗莱明的发现(青霉素)第一次被用来治疗病人,这时美国海军正在致力于寻找提高导弹命中率的方法。
语境巧练
[单句语法填空]
①Cured
his
cancer,Stephen
went
back
to
work
for
the
charity.?
②As
a
matter
of
fact,at
present
there
is
no
easy
cure
loneliness.?
[用treat或cure的恰当形式填空]
③The
doctor
his
headache
with
a
new
drug
but
didn’t
him.?
④The
government’s
attempts
unemployment
have
so
far
been
ineffective.?
考点必记
①cure
sb/sth治愈某人/某物
cure
sb/sth
of...治愈某人/某物的……(病)
②a
cure
for...治愈……的疗法
[词汇辨析]
①cure指治愈疾病、消除痛苦、戒除恶习/弊端/嗜好等。可以是人做宾语,也可以用病做宾语,人做宾语时,病用介词of引出。它强调结果。
②treat只指治病,不包括治疗的效果如何。其宾语可以是人也可以是病,人做宾语时,病用介词for引出。它强调“治疗”这一动作。treat
也可表示“对待,招待”。
7.permitvt.允许,准许,许可 n.许可证,特许证,执照
[教材原句]You
are
not
permitted
to
work
if
you
are
on
a
student
visa.(P27)如果你持有学生签证,则不允许工作。
语境巧练
[用所给词的适当形式填空]
①The
government
has
already
permitted
the
company
(use)
special
materials
to
make
it
easier
for
the
vehicle
to
fly.?
②Weather
(permit),Sandy
and
her
friends
will
go
on
a
field
trip
that
can
camp
in
the
woods.?
[完成句子]
③居住在有厨房的楼上的学生只允许在厨房做饭。
Students
living
in
buildings
that
have
kitchens
only
in
the
kitchen.?
考点必记
①permit
doing
sth允许做某事
permit
sb’s
doing
sth=permit
sb
to
do
sth允许某人做某事
be
permitted
to
do
sth被允许做某事
weather/time
permitting=if
weather/time
permits天气/时间允许的话
②permission
n.许可,允许,准许
ask
for
permission请求许可
without
permission未经许可
give
permission给予许可
[写作佳句]
Time
permitting,we
can
spend
the
night
on
the
top
of
the
mountain
so
that
we
can
watch
the
sunrise
next
day.时间允许的话,我们可以在山顶过夜,这样第二天早上可以观看日出。
8.declarevt.宣告;宣布;声明;断言;宣称
[教材原句]In
1996,the
American
space
agency
NASA
declared
that
there
had
been
life
on
Mars
in
the
form
of
tiny
bacteria.(P28)1996年,美国宇航局NASA宣布火星上存在着微小细菌形式的生命。
语境巧练
[用所给词的适当形式填空]
①Picking
up
her
“Lifetime
Achievement”award,proud
Irene
(declare)she
had
no
plans
to
retire
from
her
36-year-old
business.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷,语法填空)?
②The
judge
at
last
had
to
declare
the
Chinese
player
(be)
the
winner.?
[用declare或announce的恰当形式填空]
③Several
boys
were
crowding
around
Chad,who
with
a
proud
smile
that
he
sold
six
dozen
the
day
before.?
④He
says
the
lucky
woman
on
the
website
and
the
trip
will
be
shared
online.?
考点必记
①declare
sth/that...宣布……
declare
sb/sth
to
do
sth宣布某人或某事做某事
declare
for/against
sth表示赞成/反对……
declare
sb/sth
to
be...宣布某人/物是……
②declaration
n.宣告;宣布;声明;断言;宣称
[词汇辨析]
①declare指在庄严场合,官方权威人士公开郑重宣布,有时指在公开场合对某事表明态度。
②announce指对公众或特定人群进行宣布,常指大家感兴趣的事,如国家大事和商品信息等。
9.leadto通向;导致(to为介词,后跟名词或动词-ing形式
[经典例句]Misjudgments
on
the
influences
of
new
technology
can
leadto
a
waste
of
limited
resources.对新技术的影响的错误判断将会导致有限资源的巨大浪费。
语境巧练
[单句语法填空]
①You
cannot
say
you
don’t
like
or
do
not
follow
football
in
England,as
often
this
would
lead
a
long
dialogue
in
which
someone
would
begin
telling
you
why
you
should
support
their
team.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷,听力)?
②Climate
change
will
fuel
the
growth
of
phytoplankton
in
some
areas,while
reducing
it
in
other
spots, (lead)
to
changes
in
the
ocean’s
appearance.(2019·北京卷,阅读理解D篇)?
③Once
people
begin
to
volunteer,what
leads
them
(remain)
in
their
positions
over
time??
[小话题写作]
④因此,一些观众开始远离电影院,导致了增长缓慢。
Consequently,some
viewers
began
to
turn
away
from
cinemas, a
slower
growth.?
考点必记
lead
to
sb
doing
sth导致某人做某事
lead
sb
to
do...使某人做……
lead
sb
to
sth使某人……
lead
sb
in
doing率领某人做
lead
a
simple
life过着俭朴的生活
[写作佳句]
Many
visitors’
littering
has
ledto
the
park
and
the
river
being
polluted
seriously.许多游客乱扔垃圾已经导致公园及河流受到严重污染。
10.beaboutto即将,就要
[教材原句]Edwin
Hubble
wasaboutto
make
astronomy’s
greatest
breakthrough
of
the
century.(P24)埃德温·哈勃即将实现天文学本世纪最大的突破。
语境巧练
[单句语法填空]
①He
hums
it
over
and
over
again,and
you
are
about
(go)
crazy.(2020·天津卷,阅读理解C篇)?
②That’s
because
there
are
a
number
of
powerful
voice
manipulation(处理)
and
automation
technologies
that
are
about
(become)
widely
available
for
anyone
to
use.(2019·北京卷,阅读理解C篇)?
③I
was
about
to
give
up
my
father
came
and
encouraged
me
to
keep
going.?
[小话题写作]
④面对困难,我正要放弃时你来帮助我,我对此深表感谢。(2019·浙江卷,书面表达)
Faced
with
the
difficulty,I you
came
to
my
aid,which
I
was
thankful
for.?
考点必记
be
about
to
do
when...是一个常用句型,表示“正要……,这时突然……”,其中的when是并列连词,用以连接并列句,故不可用while,as等代替。
[写作佳句]
Stephen
wasaboutto
phone
his
mother
when
to
his
surprise,he
saw
her
walking
toward
him
with
a
lot
of
foods.斯蒂芬正要给他母亲打电话,这时,令他惊喜的是,他看到母亲带着很多食物向他走来。
11.sendout发送;派遣;放出
[教材原句]They’re
going
to
sendout
cameras
to
find
places
like
Earth.(P26)他们将发送出相机去找类似于地球的地方。
语境巧练
[单句语法填空]
①The
unwilling
parent
organizes
the
meal
schedule,sends
emails,and
collects
money
for
end-of-season
gifts.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷,阅读理解B篇)?
②His
pet
dog
was
badly
ill,so
he
sent
a
vet.?
[完成句子]
③通过此电子邮件,我还向你发送了我们的培训计划,我希望得到你的建议,因为你比我们更有经验。(2018·天津卷,书面表达)
With
this
email
I
also ,about
which
I
wish
to
get
your
advice
because
you
are
more
experienced
than
us.?
考点必记
send
for派人去叫(请)
send
in呈报;提出;递送
send...to...把……送给……
send
off寄出或发出某物;逐出;欢送
send
up使上升;发射;判……入狱;取笑某人
send
away派遣;发送;撵走;解雇
[写作佳句]
Many
families
can’t
afford
to
send
their
children
to
private
schools.许多家庭负担不起送小孩上私立学校的费用。
12.some...,others...一些(人)……;另一些(人)……
[教材原句]Some
like
to
read
fantasy
stories
and
imagine
what
the
world
will
be
like
in
10,50
or
even
1,000
years’
time.Others
write
about
the
future
themselves.(P20)有些人喜欢阅读幻想故事,想象世界在10年、50年甚至1
000年内会变成什么样。另外一些人则自己描述未来。
语境巧练
[单句语法填空]
①Some
of
us
were
confident
and
eager
to
take
part
in
the
class
activity;
were
nervous
and
anxious.(2018·全国Ⅲ卷,短文改错)?
②Some
students
don’t
have
a
reliable
car,while
have
to
share
vehicles
with
parents
who
work
six
days
a
week.(2019·北京卷,完形填空)?
[完成句子]
③有些人认为参观著名的大学可以使学生获得其更多信息,而另一些人则认为这对环境有害。
Some
people
think
visiting
famous
universities
can
enable
students
to
get
more
information
about
it
argue
it
will
do
harm
to
the
environment.?
考点必记
“some...,others...”表示“一些(人)……;另一些(人)……”。该结构常用以描述不同人的不同行为或对某事的不同看法等。
[写作佳句]
Some
think
that
parents
should
get
everything
ready
for
their
kids.Others,however,hold
the
opposite
opinion.有些人认为父母应帮助孩子做好一切,然而,另外一些人则持相反的观点。
13.表示度量的句型
[教材原句]It
measured
100
feet
long
by
over
10
feet
high
and
weighed
over
30
tonnes.(P25)它长100英尺,高10多英尺,重30多吨。
语境巧练
[用所给词的适当形式填空]
①The
villagers
dug
a
big
well
(measure)
nearly
ten
meters
deep,which
solved
the
problem
of
lacking
water.?
[句式升级]
The
new
high-speed
railway
is
over
three
hundred
kilometres
long.
→②The
new
high-speed
railway
is
over
three
hundred
kilometres
.?
→③The
new
high-speed
railway
over
three
hundred
kilometres.?
→④ the
new
high-speed
railway
is
over
three
hundred
kilometres.?
→⑤The
new
high-speed
railway
over
three
hundred
kilometres
long.?
考点必记
此处是Sth/Sb
measures/weighs...表示“某人/物量得/重……”的句型。注意:measure,weigh等词在此结构中不可用被动形式。
[名师点津]
英语中表示事物的长、宽、高、重、深度、年龄、面积等还有下面句型:
①主语+be+表示数量的词(组)+形容词(long/wide/high/tall/heavy/old/large...);
②主语+be+表示数量的词(组)+in+名词(length/width/height/weight/age/size/area...);
③主语+has/have+a(n)+名词(length/width/height/weight/age/size/area...)+of+表示数量的词(组);
④The+名词(length/width/height/weight/age/size/area...)+of
sb/sth+be+表示数量的词(组)。
动词report,believe,guess,think,say,forecast等也常用在此结构中。
14.Thereisnodoubtaboutsth句型
[教材原句]Thereisnodoubtabout
it.(P25)关于这一点是毫无疑问的。
语境巧练
[单句语法填空]
①There
is
no
doubt
it
is
unwise
to
depend
completely
on
the
ratings
in
consumption.(2018·江苏卷,书面表达)?
②There
still
remains
doubt
he
can
be
made
mayor.?
[小话题写作]
③毫无疑问我们使用英语的能力一直在提高,我们从来没有觉得学习英语是一种负担。(2020·全国Ⅰ卷,书面表达)
our
ability
of
using
the
English
language
has
always
improved,and
never
do
we
feel
it
a
burden
to
study
English.?
考点必记
“There
is
no
doubt
about
sth”是一个常用句型。它表达的含义是“毫无疑问……,不用怀疑……”。
[名师点津]
①在肯定句中doubt后面接whether引导的从句。There
is
some
doubt
whether...表示“是否……还有些疑问”。
②在表示否定或疑问含义的句子中doubt后面接that引导的从句。There
is
no
doubt
that...表示“毫无疑问……”。
③当doubt是动词时后面接的从句也同样适合以上特点。
[写作佳句]
Thereisnodoubtthat
the
short
play
will
be
greatly
improved
under
your
guidance.毫无疑问,在你的指导下短剧将会得到大大提升。
随堂巩固迁移运用
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.—You
are
a
great
swimmer.
—Thanks.It’s
because
I
(practice)
a
lot
these
days.(2020·天津卷,单项填空)?
2.Forgive
(you)
for
mistakes
that
you
have
made.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷,七选五)?
3.I’d
appreciate
it
if
you
could
let
me
know
advance
whether
or
not
you
will
come.?
4.Studies
show
that
friendlier
communication
leads
a
happier
workplace.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷,七选五)?
5.Additionally,it
is
because
of
your
(assist)
that
my
spoken
English
has
improved.?
6.Another
beneficial
aspect
of
group
exercise
is
the
information
support
participants
receive
from
the
(instruct).?
7....why
do
some
people
discover
new
vitality
and
creativity
to
the
end
of
their
days,while
go
to
seed
long
before?(2019·天津卷,阅读理解D篇)?
8.“This
medal
was
very
precious
to
my
parents.Only
on
special
occasions(场合)
would
they
take
it
and
let
us
hold
it
in
our
hands,”Adeline
says.(2019·浙江卷,阅读理解A篇)?
9.The
question,however,is
whether
this
is
the
developing
countries
need
the
most.(2019·江苏卷,阅读理解C篇)?
Ⅱ.选词填空
electronic,wrestle,update,disconnected,download,software,handily,assist,phenomenon
Nowadays,we’re
living
with
a
large
quantity
of
1.
products,without
which
we
will
find
it
difficult
to
do
many
things
well.Imagine
you
are
2.
to
the
net.What’s
your
life
like?Even
when
you
don’t
3.
your
computer’s
4. ,your
mobile
phone
or
computer
can’t
5.
files
that
6. .We
often
meet
the
7.
that
we
lose
ourselves
if
we
don’t
carry
our
mobile
phones
with
us.After
all,our
mobile
phones
8.
us
in
9.
with
so
many
problems.?
Ⅲ.根据汉语提示补全短文内容
1. (随着技术的发展,越来越多的学生能拥有诸如电话、iPad及MP5之类的电子设备).But
do
these
devices
have
a
good
effect
on
us?
2. (我的一些同学认为这些设备方便实用,使得我们的生活和学习更加方便,也帮着我们偶尔放松).3. (然而,另一些同学认为这些设备不适合学生,因为他们认为它们对我们的学习有着不好的影响,更不用说对我们的身体有害了).4.
(在我看来,我支持后一种观点,因为这些发明的初衷是让我们的生活更容易,但大多数学生却以错误的方式使用它们).So
I
hope
schools
can
carry
out
some
plans
to
wrestle
with
this
problem.?
Unit20 NewFrontiers
核心考点·课堂突破
1.①to
assist ②assistance ③assistant ④in
operating
on/to
operate
on
2.①with ②into ③in
conflict
with
3.①assessed ②assessing ③assessment ④to
assess
4.①to
donate ②donation ③to
donate ④of
David
to
donate
5.①in ②in
the
meanwhile/meantime ③In
the
meanwhile
6.①of ②for ③treated;cure ④to
cure
7.①to
use ②permitting ③are;permitted
to
cook
8.①declared ②to
be ③declared ④will
be
announced
9.①to ②leading ③to
remain ④leading
to
10.①to
go ②to
become ③when ④was
about
to
give
up
when
11.①out ②for ③send
our
training
plan
to
you
12.①others ②others ③while
others
13.①measuring ②in
length ③has
a
length
of ④The
length
of
⑤measures
14.①that ②whether ③There
is
no
doubt
that
随堂巩固·迁移运用
Ⅰ.1.have
been
practicing 2.yourself 3.in 4.to 5.assistance
6.instructor 7.others 8.out 9.what
Ⅱ.1.electronic 2.disconnected 3.update 4.software 5.download
6.handily 7.phenomenon 8.assist 9.wrestling
Ⅲ.1.With
the
development
of
technology,more
and
more
students
have
access
to
electronic
devices,such
as
cell
phones,iPads
and
MP5
2.Some
of
my
classmates
think
these
devices
handy
and
practical,making
our
life
and
study
more
convenient
and
helping
us
to
relax
once
in
a
while
3.However,others
don’t
think
these
devices
are
suitable
for
students
because
they
think
they
have
a
bad
effect
on
our
study,not
to
mention
they
are
harmful
to
our
health
4.As
for
me,I
support
the
latter
opinion
for
the
reason
that
the
initial
purpose
of
these
inventions
is
to
make
our
life
easier,but
most
students
use
them
in
the
wrong
way
PAGEUnit21 HumanBiology
(主题语境:人与社会——科学与技术)
核心考点课堂突破
1.abusevt.辱骂;滥用;虐待 n.滥用;虐待;辱骂,恶语
[教材原句]Taking
these
drugs
is
known
as
“doping”
and
although
they
enhance
performance,they
also
cause
serious
health
problems
in
later
life
for
those
who
abuse
them.(P34)服用这些药物被认为是“吸毒”,尽管兴奋剂有助于提高成绩,但同时也会给那些滥用兴奋剂的运动员招来日后生活中的健康麻烦。
语境巧练
[用所给词的适当形式填空]
①The
land
is
a
living
thing.It
will
hit
back
at
you
if
you
(abuse)
it.?
②I
never
expected
that
he
(abuse)
the
trust
I
placed
in
him.?
[完成句子]
③父母还应自己不酗酒为孩子做出榜样。
Parents
also
should
set
an
example
to
their
children
by
.?
考点必记
abuse
one’s
position
as...滥用……的职务
abuse
one’s
power滥用职权
abuse
one’s
trust背信弃义
drug/alcohol
abuse吸毒/酗酒
[写作佳句]
Those
who
abuse
drugs
are
likely
to
try
to
obtain
them
illegally.那些滥用毒品的人可能设法非法获得毒品。
2.toleratevt.容忍,忍受,宽恕;容许;能经受(困难)
[教材原句]The
sports
world
does
not
tolerate
doping
as
it
is
a
fundamental
form
of
cheating.(P34)由于它是影响力大的欺骗形式,体育界是不会容忍运动员服用兴奋剂的。
语境巧练
[用所给词的适当形式填空]
①In
contemporary
culture,physical
expressions
of
anger
are
generally
considered
too
socially
harmful
(tolerate).?
②...such
measures
will
become
more
a
vehicle
for
(intolerant)
than
integration.?
③How
can
you
tolerate
his
(shout)
at
you??
[小话题写作]
④我们数学老师很温柔,很友善,对我们这些学生很宽容。(2020·全国Ⅰ卷,书面表达)
Our
maths
teacher
is
extremely
gentle
and
friendly
and
very
.?
考点必记
①tolerate+n.容忍……
tolerate
doing...容忍/容许做……
tolerate
sb/sb’s
doing容忍某人做……
②toleration
n.忍受,宽容,容许
tolerable
adj.可容忍的,可忍受的;过得去的
(in)tolerant
adj.(不能)忍受的,(无法)容忍的
tolerance
n.容忍;忍受,宽容;耐力
intolerance
n.不能容忍
be
(in)tolerant
of/towards(不能)容忍……
3.seekv.(sought,sought)寻求,请求;试图,设法;寻找,追求
[教材原句]Doping
is
not
only
a
problem
in
athletics,it
is
part
of
every
sport
where
athletes
seek
to
achieve
beyond
their
natural
limits
and
are
prepared
to
cheat
to
do
so.(P34)服用兴奋剂不仅仅是田径运动存在的问题,每个运动项目都存在这个问题,运动员想取得超常体育成绩而准备作弊。
语境巧练
[单句语法填空]
①They
heard
the
barking
of
the
lost
dog
and
(seek)
it
out.?
②Besides,businesses
seek
(appeal)
to
customers’
senses.?
③Your
lives
are
busy
enough
doing
homework,playing
sports,making
friends,seeking
your
dreams.?
[小话题写作]
④人们可以在互联网上查找有关自己喜欢的明星的信息,并以折扣价购买机票,既省时又经济。
On
the
Internet,people
can
their
favorite
stars
and
buy
tickets
at
a
discount
as
well,which
is
both
time-saving
and
economical.?
考点必记
①seek
help
from
sb向某人请求帮助
seek
for寻求,寻找
seek
out找出,挑出
seek
to
do
sth试图去做某事
seek
one’s
advice向某人征求意见
seek
one’s
fortune寻找出路,寻找发迹的机会
seek
after追求
②seeker
n.搜索者;探求者
[写作佳句]
It’s
doubtful
whether
they
will
seek
help
from
their
relatives.他们是否会寻求亲属的帮助值得怀疑。
4.opposev.反对;反抗,抵制
[教材原句]Gene-therapy
is
very
controversial
and
many
people
oppose
further
research
into
it.(P34)基因治疗是很有争议的。许多人反对进一步研究。
语境巧练
[用所给词的适当形式填空]
①The
local
citizens
strongly
opposed
(build)
a
new
airport
near
the
village.?
②...be
patient
to
the
people
who
are
the
complete
(oppose)
of
that
description.?
③Many
farmers
(oppose)
the
plan
because
they
feared
that
wolves
would
kill
their
farm
animals
or
pets.?
[小话题写作]
④倡导用榜样来教育学生,程老师反对惩罚孩子。(2020·全国Ⅰ卷,书面表达)
Advocating
educating
students
through
models,Mrs.Cheng kids.?
考点必记
①oppose
sth反对某事
oppose
doing
sth反对做某事
be
opposed
to(doing)
sth反对(做)某事
②opposed
adj.反对的;截然不同的
opposite
adv.相对地,相反地;对面地 adj.相对的,对面的 prep.在……对面 n.反义词,对立的事物
[写作佳句]
Dad
opposed
driving
our
own
car
to
visit
Hangzhou
as
he
thought
we
might
meet
with
traffic
jam
and
it
was
not
environmentally
friendly.爸爸反对我们开车去杭州,因为他认为我们可能会遇到交通阻塞,而且这也不环保。
5.contradictvt.违反,违背;与(其他事物)相矛盾,相反;反驳,批驳
[教材原句]However,if
a
generation
of
sports
stars
with
enhanced
genes
were
created,it
would
contradict
the
whole
spirit
of
sport.(P34)然而,如果一代有强化基因的运动明星被造出,这将有悖于整个运动精神。
语境巧练
[用所给词的适当形式填空]
①The
suspects
couldn’t
convince
the
police,and
started
contradicting
(they).?
[小话题写作]
②妈妈要我在互联网上找到相关信息。但是我得到的信息丰富多样,或者甚至相互矛盾。
(2018·江苏卷,书面表达)
Mom
asked
me
to
find
relevant
information
on
the
Internet.But
the
information
I
got
was
rich
and
varied, .?
考点必记
①contradict
oneself
自相矛盾
②contradiction
n.矛盾,不一致;反驳
contradictory
adj.对立的,不一致的;相互矛盾的
contradiction
between
...and...在……和……之间不一致(矛盾,对立)
in
direct
contradiction
to与……恰恰相反
[写作佳句]
Young
children
should
never
contradict
what
their
parents
say.孩子们绝对不应顶撞父母。
6.postponevt.推迟,延期
[经典例句]He
decided
to
postpone
the
expedition
until
the
following
day.他决定将探险活动推迟到第二天。
语境巧练
[用所给词的适当形式填空]
①The
(postpone)
of
“adult
activities”
could
not
be
attributed
to
more
homework
or
extracurricular
activities.(2018·上海卷,完形填空)?
②Let’s
postpone
(make)
a
decision
until
we
have
more
information.?
[小话题写作]
③由于我们学校非常重视这场比赛,而且我们从不推迟训练,因此我们相信我们会击败对手。(2019·全国Ⅱ卷,书面表达)
Since
our
school
attaches
great
importance
to
this
game
and
we
never
,we
believe
that
we’ll
beat
our
opponent.?
考点必记
①postpone
sth
to/until...把某事延迟/推迟到……
postpone
doing
sth推迟做某事
②postponement
n.延期;延缓
[名师点津]
postpone和delay,put
off等意义相近,用法也相近,它们后面都应跟动词-ing形式。
7.prohibitvt.禁止;阻止,使不可能
[教材原句]Since
the
SARS
epidemic
ended,scientists
have
been
doing
trials
on
treatments
to
prohibit
any
future
outbreaks.(P38)从“非典”疫潮结束后,科学家们就在做治疗实验以防止将来再次发生。
语境巧练
[用所给词的适当形式填空]
①The
bags
(prohibit)
in
some
90
cities
in
California,including
Los
Angeles.(2018·浙江卷,阅读理解B篇)?
②Forbid
their
children
from (visit)
the
web.(2018·江苏卷,阅读理解D篇)?
[完成句子]
③李先生因为没有还清债务而不准乘飞机或乘火车出行。
Mr
Li by
air
or
by
train
because
he
hasn’t
paid
off
the
debt.?
[小话题写作]
④他们负责禁止任何未经测试的人进入校园。(2020·天津卷,书面表达)
They
took
the
responsibility
of the
school
yard
if
his
temperature
was
not
tested.?
考点必记
①prohibit
sth禁止某事
prohibit
doing
sth禁止做某事
prohibit
sb
from
doing
sth禁止某人做某事
②prohibition
n.禁止;禁令
[名师点津]
表示“禁止某人做某事”结构还有:
①ban
sb
from
doing
sth
②forbid
sb
from
doing
sth
③forbid
sb
to
do
sth
8.robvt.抢夺,剥夺;使丧失;抢劫
[教材原句]Terri
had
fallen
into
a
coma
in
1990
when
a
heart
attack
robbed
her
brain
of
oxygen
causing
permanent
harm.(P40)特里在1990年因心脏病突发,大脑缺氧造成永久性伤害而陷入昏迷。
语境巧练
[单句语法填空]
①What
a
pity!The
girl
was
robbed
her
normal
childhood
because
of
her
disability.?
②Armed
(rob)
broke
into
the
shop
and
demanded
money
from
the
safe.?
③To
think
he
is
sleeping
on
the
streets
tonight
when
he
could
the
money
and
paid
for
a
place
to
stay
in.?
④While
shopping,Mrs
Smith
had
her
pocket
(pick).?
考点必记
①rob
sb/a
place抢劫某人/某处
rob
sb
of
sth抢劫某人某物;剥夺某人某物;使某人失去某物
②robbery
n.抢劫,掠夺
robber
n.抢劫者,强盗
[词汇辨析]
①rob指公然用暴力抢劫他人的所有物,常用rob
sb/sp
of
sth表示“抢劫某人/某处的某物”。
②steal意为“偷”,其宾语为偷的物品,常用steal
sth
from
sb/sp表示“从某人/某处偷某物”。
③pick用以指“扒窃”,宾语一般为pocket之类的词。
9.declinev.下降;婉拒 n.下降;减少
[教材原句]...it
is
generally
agreed
that
a
patient’s
chances
of
recovery
decline
the
longer
they
stay
in
a
coma.(P40)……人们普遍同意一个病人处于昏迷状态的时间越长恢复的可能性就减小。
语境巧练
[单句语法填空]
①As
the
economy
was
decline,some
people
in
the
town
had
lost
their
jobs.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷,读后续写)?
②We
offered
to
give
Sharon
a
ride
home,but
she
(decline),saying
that
she
felt
like
walking.(2020·天津卷,单项填空)?
③...,more
efforts
must
be
made,because
the
population
of
the
crane
in
the
wild
is
the
decline,...(2019·江苏卷,完形填空)?
[小话题写作]
④但是,去年中国的经济增长率下降了。
However,China
saw
its
economic
growth
rate
last
year.?
考点必记
decline
to/by...下降到/了……
a
sharp
decline急剧下降
decline
to
do
sth婉拒做某事
in
decline(=on
the
decline)下降,衰退
decline
in/of
sth在某方面减少/下降
fall/go
into
(a)
decline开始衰落;陷入衰退
[写作佳句]
The
company
has
gone
into
a
decline
because
of
falling
demand.由于市场需求下降,这家公司的生意每况愈下。
10.submitvt.递交;提交;顺从;屈服;认输
[教材原句]You
were
supposed
to
submit
it
on
the
14th
June.(P41)你本来应该在六月十四日提交的。
语境巧练
[单句语法填空]
①Submit
a
topic
proposal
your
history
teacher.(2019·天津卷,阅读理解A篇)?
②Tomorrow
is
the
last
date
for
(submit)
of
entries
for
the
competition.?
③All
important
problems
must
(submit)
to
the
committee
for
discussion.?
[完成句子]
④学生已经把论文递交给了导师。
The
students
have
their
essays
their
tutors.?
考点必记
①submit
sth
(to
sb)把某物递交(给某人)
submit
to服从于,屈从于;把……提交给……,向……提出……
②submission
n.提交;投降;顺从
submissive
adj.服从的;屈从的;恭顺的
11.atallcosts不管多大代价,无论如何
[教材原句]The
Olympic
spirit—the
spirit
of
competition
which
emphasises
taking
part
rather
than
winning—has
been
violated
by
the
desire
to
succeed
atallcosts.(P34)奥林匹克精神——强调参与而不是取胜的竞技精神——已经被为获得成功而不惜任何代价的愿望所亵渎。
语境巧练
[完成句子]
①我们必须不惜一切代价防止我们的计划被泄露出去。
We
must
prevent
our
plan
from
being
given
away .?
②那位士兵在那女孩遇溺时救了她,但却牺牲了自己的生命。
The
young
soldier
saved
the
girl
from
drowning,but
only his
own
life.?
③我们正在不花钱而种植绝好的西红柿!
We
are
growing
wonderful
tomatoes
!?
考点必记
at
the
cost
of以……为代价;丧失,牺牲
at
a
cost
of以……的费用/价格
at
cost按成本
at
no
cost不花钱
at
any
cost=at
all
costs以任何代价
12.wipeout彻底毁灭;全部摧毁
[教材原句]Epidemics
can
wipeout
up
to
half
of
the
population
in
urban
areas.(P38)流行病可以消灭城市地区多达一半的人口。
语境巧练
[单句语法填空]
①“Honey,your
basket
is
extra-special,”
Mom
said,gently
wiping
my
hot
tears.?
②After
a
serious
flu
outbreak
wipes
99.4%
of
the
world’s
population,a
battle
unfolds
between
good
and
evil
among
those
left.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷,阅读理解A篇)?
[完成句子]
③尽管我们感到十分炎热,我们擦去汗水,继续收获西瓜。(2019·北京卷,书面表达)
Hot
as
we
felt,we and
continued
harvesting
the
watermelons.?
考点必记
wipe
sth
from/off
sp把……从某处擦掉
wipe
sth
away擦净或擦掉某物
wipe
one’s
tears擦干眼泪
wipe
sth
clean/dry把……擦干净/干
[写作佳句]
The
volleyball
girl
wiped
tears
away,stood
up
and
went
on
training,practicing
blocking.那位女排姑娘擦去泪水,站起来,继续训练,练习拦网。
13.It’s+adj.+todosth结构
[教材原句]Unfortunately,itisnoteasytocatch
athletes
using
illegal
drugs.(P34)不幸的是,很难抓住使用禁药的运动员。
语境巧练
[单句语法填空]
①...it’s
much
easier
(excuse)
yourself
to
get
back
to
your
work
than
if
you
try
to
get
someone
out
of
your
space
even
after
explaining
how
busy
you
are.?
②For
children
it
is
very,very
difficult
(cope)
with
emotion.(2018·江苏卷,阅读理解D篇)?
③It’s
really
generous
the
little
boy
to
share
his
only
cake
with
his
playmates.?
考点必记
该句是“It’s+
adj.+to
do
sth”结构,表示“做……是……”,其中it为形式主语,后面的动词不定式短语为真正的主语。
[名师点津]
①It’s+adj.+for
sb
to
do
sth结构中,做表语的形容词表示不定式行为的性质和特点,常见的有:easy,hard,difficult,important,necessary,vital,possible等。
②It’s+adj.+of
sb
to
do
sth结构中,做表语的形容词表示其中sb的品行、性格或性质,常见的有:kind,nice,good,friendly,wise,careful,stupid,foolish,rude,unwise,clever等。
14.unless引导条件状语从句
[教材原句]Unless
we
are
careful,“gene-therapy”
will
be
the
next
big
threat.(P34)除非我们小心翼翼,否则,“基因治疗”将会成为下一个重大威胁。
语境巧练
[单句语法填空]
①Tom
is
so
independent
that
he
never
asks
his
parents’
opinion he
wants
their
support.(2019·天津卷,单项填空)?
②It
sounds
crazy
to
talk
about
guilt-free
fur—
you
understand
that
the
nutria
(海狸鼠)are
destroying
vast
wetlands
every
year.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷,阅读理解C篇)?
[小话题写作]
③除非参加在校园举行的仪式,否则李江不会穿校服。(2019·江苏卷,书面表达)
Li
Jiang
doesn’t
wear
school
uniforms
the
ceremony
held
on
campus.?
考点必记
①句中unless引导条件状语从句,表示“除非……,否则……”,表示其后条件状语从句所表达的情况如果不发生,将发生主句的情况。unless可译作“如果不……”或“除非……,否则……”。
②当从句主语和主句主语一致,且从句谓语动词含有动词be时,从句主语和be可以省去。
[写作佳句]
There
is
no
fun
in
winning
a
thing
unless
you
spare
no
efforts
for
it.如果不是你煞费苦心而得来的东西实在没有什么意思。
15.havesthdone句型
[教材原句]In
the
future,athletes
who
havetheirgeneschanged
might
be
able
to
do
the
100
metres
dash
in
just
8
seconds
or
the
marathon
in
less
than
two
hours.(P34)将来,基因发生改变的运动员可能在仅仅8秒内跑完100米,或在不到两小时的时间里跑完马拉松。
语境巧练
[用所给词的适当形式填空]
①These
include
plants
that
have
sensors
(print)
onto
their
leaves
to
show
when
they’re
short
of
water
and
a
plant
that
can
detect
harmful
chemicals
in
groundwater.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷,阅读理解D篇)?
②Higher-income
parents
tended
to
have
children
(play)
with
puzzles
more
frequently,and
both
boys
and
girls
who
played
with
puzzles
had
better
spatial
skills.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷,阅读理解B篇)?
③I
need
a
new
passport
so
I
will
have
to
have
my
photograph
(take).(2018·天津卷,单项填空)?
[完成句子]
④为了成为一名合格的志愿者,我已通过阅读一些有关天津的书籍让自己得以提高,以便对天津有更多的了解。
In
order
to
be
a
qualified
volunteer,I
have
by
reading
some
books
about
Tianjin
so
as
to
know
more
about
it.?
考点必记
句中have
sth
done常可表示下面三个含义:
①(主语)请/派别人完成某事
②(主语)让某事被……
③(主语)遭受某种不幸的情况
[名师点津]
在该结构中,have为使役动词,sth和done之间为被动关系,故用过去分词,而如果它们之间为主动关系,则应用have
sth/sb
do或have
sth/sb
doing结构。
[写作佳句]
The
students
had
their
classroom
decorated
very
beautifully
to
celebrate
National
Day.学生们把教室装饰得十分漂亮来庆祝国庆。
16.ratherthan句型
[教材原句]The
Olympic
spirit—the
spirit
of
competition
which
emphasises
taking
part
ratherthan
winning—has
been
violated
by
the
desire
to
succeed
at
all
costs.(P34)奥林匹克精神——强调参与而不是取胜的竞技精神——已经被为获得成功而不惜任何代价的愿望所亵渎。
语境巧练
[单句语法填空]
①Bill,rather
than
you,
(be)
to
blame
for
not
finishing
the
work
on
time.?
②I
prefer
to
stay
at
home
rather
than
(go)
shopping
with
her.?
③Rather
getting
caught
up
in
how
you
could
have
done
better,why
not
offer
yourself
a
compassionate(有同情心)
response?(2020·全国Ⅰ卷,七选五)?
[小话题写作]
④在欢迎仪式上我更喜欢穿传统的中式服装,而不是穿校服,因为传统的中式服装看起来更美丽、更时尚。(2019·江苏卷,书面表达)
I
prefer the
traditional
Chinese
dress
the
school
uniform
at
the
welcome
ceremony
because
the
traditional
Chinese
dress
looks
more
beautiful
and
stylish.?
考点必记
句中的rather
than是并列连词,该结构常用于平行结构中,连接相同的句子成分,即其两部分在成分和形式上应该一致。当其连接并列主语时,谓语的人称和数应与第一个主语一致。
[名师点津]
含有rather
than的句型常表示“宁愿做……,而不愿做……”,常见的有:
①prefer
to
do
sth
rather
than
do
sth
②would
do
sth
rather
than
do
sth
③would
rather
do
sth
than
do
sth
值得注意的是,would
rather后面跟从句时应用虚拟语气形式,表示现在和将来情况应用过去时态(将来情况常含有情态动词),表示过去情况时应用过去完成时态。
随堂巩固迁移运用
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.This
has
led
companies
and
individuals
to
donate
money
to
developing
countries
to
buy
computer
(equip)
and
Internet
facilities.(2019·江苏卷,阅读理解C篇)?
2.After
sharing
the
story
online,I
heard
from
someone,who
identified
the
lady
Erin
Smith.(2019·天津卷,完形填空)?
3.Earth
Day,marked
on
22
April,is
annual
event
aiming
to
raise
public
awareness
about
environmental
protection.(2019·北京卷,语法填空)?
4.I
don’t
think
it’s
wise
of
young
ladies
to
keep
slim
the
cost
of
their
health.?
5.It
is
wrong
(assume)
arts
groups
cannot
make
a
profit.(2018·江苏卷,任务型阅读)?
Ⅱ.选词填空
circumstances,statistics,doubtful,urban,controversial,underline,violating,equipped
Some
people
are
still
1.
about
whether
people
who
are
riding
their
electric
motorbikes
should
be
2.
with
helmets,which
should
be
not
3..Rules
have
been
carried
out
that
one
riding
an
electric
motorbike
without
protection
should
be
punished,especially
in
4.
areas.5.
show
helmets
can
protect
people
under
some
6..So
we
should
7.
the
importance
of
wearing
helmets,never
8.
the
rules.?
Ⅲ.根据汉语提示补全短文内容
1.
(随着我们在学校的生活越来越忙碌,我们的健康已变得令人担忧).Here
are
my
tips
on
how
to
stay
healthy
while
we’re
seeking
to
get
ahead
in
study.First
of
all,we
need
a
healthy
diet.Under
no
circumstances
should
we
skip
breakfasts
to
save
time
and
we
should
eat
food
that
is
healthy
and
easy
to
digest.2.
(第二,不要再编站不住脚的借口,报怨没有时间锻炼).Give
yourself
a
break
and
you
will
get
a
lot
out
of
it.Third,stay
in
a
good
mood.3.
(我们有时能以好的故事或有趣的电影款待自己,因为积极的情绪对我们的健康有好的影响).4.
(总之,以身体健康为代价如此努力地学习没有意义).If
we
lose
health,all
our
efforts
will
be
in
vain.?
Unit21 HumanBiology
核心考点·课堂突破
1.①abuse ②would
abuse ③not
abusing
alcohol
2.①to
be
tolerated ②intolerance ③shouting ④tolerant
of
us
students
3.①sought ②to
appeal ③after ④seek
information
about
4.①building ②opposite ③opposed ④is
opposed
to
punishing
5.①themselves ②or
even
contradictory
6.①postponement ②making ③postpone
training
7.①are
prohibited ②visiting ③is
prohibited
from
travelling
④prohibiting
anyone
from
entering
8.①of ②robbers ③have
stolen ④picked
9.①in ②declined ③on ④a
decline
in
10.①to ②submission ③be
submitted ④submitted;to
11.①at
all
costs ②at
the
cost
of ③at
no
cost
12.①away ②out ③wiped
sweat
away
13.①to
excuse ②to
cope ③of
14.①unless ②unless ③unless
he
attends
15.①printed ②play ③taken ④had
myself
improved
16.①is ②go ③than ④to
wear;rather
than
wear
随堂巩固·迁移运用
Ⅰ.1.equipment 2.as 3.an 4.at 5.to
assume
Ⅱ.1.doubtful 2.equipped 3.controversial 4.urban 5.Statistics 6.circumstances 7.underline 8.violating
Ⅲ.1.With
our
life
in
school
getting
busier
and
busier,our
health
has
become
a
cause
for
concern
2.Second,stop
making
lame
excuses
complaining
about
having
no
time
to
exercise
3.We
can
treat
ourselves
to
a
good
story
or
an
interesting
movie
sometimes,for
positive
emotions
will
have
good
effects
on
our
health
4.In
a
word,there
is
no
point
in
working
so
hard
at
the
cost
of
our
own
health
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