湖南中考专题第三轮总复习 第十一讲 翻译技巧（一）（含答案）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
第十一讲
翻译技巧（一）
出题形式
1.以一篇短文的形式出现:
3个：英译汉
2个：汉译英
总共五个，共十分。
二、考查重点
1、
各类重要句型结构（定语从句等）
2、搭配（动词短语，名词短语）、
3、重点词的用法及习惯表达、
4、主要语法规则及其运用等
5、简单的翻译技巧（省略、补充，词义选择引申、词性转换、长句拆分、逆序翻译等）。
三、不要逐字翻译，或译成中国式英语
不少同学在做翻译练习时往往有逐字翻译的习惯。如：“我工作很忙”，翻译成了“My
work
is
very
busy.”。而正确的表达是：I'm
very
busy.。这类问题考生在平时要予以重视。
四、注意词形变化，弄清句子结构
在做句子翻译题时，要注意单词的词形变化，如名词的单复数，动词的时态、语态及非谓语动词，形容词、副词的比较级和最高级等。此处，还需要注意句型句式、连接词、主谓一致等。
五．怎样英译汉
1.通读全文。
首先要从整体上把握整篇文章的内容，理解划线部分与文章其他部分之间的语法与逻辑关系。特别弄清代词it,
they,
them,
this,
that,
these,
those和other等所指代的词和词组，切忌不阅读全文就直接翻译划线部分的做法。
2.分析划线部分的句子结构。
从翻译试题来看，一般来说，划线部分的句子基本上是比较复杂的，如果不搞清它的语法结构，很难达到正确完整地理解原文的要求，在分析划线部分的句子结构时，首先找出句子的各个成分，主、谓、宾是句子的骨干，但特别要注意定语、状语等成分翻译。
3.注意英汉两种语言的表达差异。
例如，英语中的否定转移等语法现象与汉语的表达方式不同，因此在英译汉时，必须多推敲，切不可粗心大意，想当然地随意进行翻译。
判断句子结构，寻找合适句型。
六．怎样汉译英？
1.句型好比是句子的骨架，选用合适的句型是做好汉译英至关重要的一步。英语中句子通常分为简单句、并列句和复合句，其中有一些较为固定的常用句型更是中考经常考查的内容，熟悉并学会运用这些句型将有助于考生很快建立句子结构，完成翻译。
2.掌握词组搭配、找准关键词语。
在汉译英的考点中，短语搭配往往比重很大，其中动词词组尤为重要，用好了关键词语，翻译起来就容易多了。
3.注意英语习惯、勿受汉语影响。
英汉两种语言在用词选句等方面有许多不同之处，这一点考生一定要引起足够的重视，千万不要用汉语的习惯硬套英语句型。
4.学会一题多译，拓宽解题思路
翻译中同一种原文可以有多种译法，我们可以利用同义词或同义句式，探索尽可能多的表达方式。
5.认真检查核对，确保译文无误。
整个句子翻译好后，检查很重要。要重点检查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致，因为这是翻译得分的主要内容；还有是否正确使用了to
do或doing结构，名词的单复数，单词的拼写和大小写，甚至标点符号等。
基础题组：
（2020长沙）
Lots
of
young
people
have
never
experienced
home-life.
Meals
are
cooked
and
clothes
are
washed
as
if
by
magic!
65.
我们知道很多孩子不会洗衣做饭。They
don't
clean
the
floor,
make
the
bed
or
slice（切）the
meat.
Yes,
they
have
homework
but
often
no
housework.
But
how
are
you
ever
going
to
learn
the
practical
skills
you
will
need
in
later
life
if
everything
is
done
for
you?
A
change
is
coming.
66.
In
China,
schools
are
now
thinking
about
teaching
life
skills
as
a
subject.
We
all
need
to
prepare
for
real
life,
especially
the
housework.
67.
我父母拥有这些技能,但他们却忘记教我了。At
university,
I
had
to
learn
to
shop,
prepare
my
food
and
cook
meals.
I
wish
my
parents
or
my
teachers
had
taught
me
all
of
them
before!
Now,
I
feel
very
confident
（信心）in
running
a
home.
I
especially
enjoy
cooking.
68.
Some
people
might
say
you
can
order
food
or
book
services
online.
In
fact,
good
life
skills
will
make
you
a
better
student,
a
better
workmate
and
a
better
family
member
in
your
life.
Making
a
meal
needs
good
planning,
skillful
cooking,
control
of
temperature
and
a
good
nose!
It
makes
you
smarter!
All
this
needs
to
start
early.
69.
If
you
don't
have
practical
life
skills,
your
education
will
be
incomplete.
One
day,
you
will
wonder
why
you
have
no
clean
socks,
and
why
some
of
your
best
friends
can
cook
a
delicious
meal
but
you
cannot!
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
67.____________________________________________________________________________
68.____________________________________________________________________________
69.____________________________________________________________________________
（2019长沙）
Do
you
enjoy
hitting
the
books?
It
doesn’t
mean
you
enjoy
beating
your
books
with
your
hand.
That
may
be
reasonable
if
you
don’t
understand
something
inside
your
books.
Hitting
the
books
just
means
that
you
are
studying
hard.
You
can
learn
a
lot
when
you
hit
the
books.
65．Especially
before
exams,
most
students
spend
a
lot
of
time
hitting
the
books
to
get
good
grades.
This
is
just
one
example
of
expressions
that
can’t
be
understood
by
taking
them
apart（分开）word
by
word.
Expressions
like
this
are
called
idioms（习语）.
They
are
an
important
part
of
a
culture’s
language.
Languages
and
cultures
are
closely
connected.
One
example
of
an
idiom
in
the
Chinese
language
is
“dui
niu
tan
qin”,
or
“to
play
the
lute（拨弦乐器）to
a
cow.”
66.
这意味着某人在说话或写作时不考虑其听众或读者。
Let’s
get
back
to
idioms
that
begin
with
the
word
“hit”.
67.
There
are
many
of
them
in
English,
but
it’s
not
that
easy
for
you
to
understand.
One
common
idiom
you
may
hear
in
English
is
“hit
the
road”.
It
means
to
leave
or
to
go.
You
can
say,
“Hey,
I
need
to
hit
the
road.
Can
we
talk
about
this
another
time?”
Or
simply,
“It’s
time
to
hit
the
road.”
When
you
are
tired
and
you
want
to
go
to
bed,
you
can
say,
“I
need
to
hit
the
hay（干草）.”
It
means
you
want
to
go
to
sleep.
68．That’s
because
a
bed
was
often
a
big
bag
with
hay
inside
in
the
past.
69.
习语使你的语言生动而有趣。
Let’s
hit
the
road
to
learn
some
and
try
to
use
them.
65.___________________________________________________________________________
66.____________________________________________________________________________
67.____________________________________________________________________________
68.____________________________________________________________________________
69.____________________________________________________________________________
（2018长沙）
People
have
been
trying
to
find
out
if
homework
is
good
or
bad
for
school
children，
and
they
have
different
opinions．
65．Some
people
think
that
homework
is
an
important
part
of
learning
for
students．They
believe
it
not
only
enables
children
to
practice
what
they
have
learned
in
class，
but
also
helps
improve
their
handwriting．They
also
say
that
homework
helps
teach
children
how
to
work
on
their
own．66．Also，
it's
a
skill
which
is
useful
to
them
in
future
life．
Others
disagree，
though．67．他们认为家庭作业给孩子们太多的压力．And
the
time
spent
on
homework
could
have
been
used
to
do
other
activities
like
reading
and
playing
sports．To
back
up
their
opinion，
they
give
the
example
of
Finland（芬兰）．68．在芬兰，
学生几乎没什么作业．But
the
country
remains
one
of
the
most
educationally
successful
countries
in
the
world．
Here
is
my
point
of
view（观点）
on
this
matter．69．Whether
the
homework
is
good
or
bad
depends
on
the
purpose
of
it．If
there
is
no
clear
reason
for
giving
homework，
the
students
won't
get
anything
from
doing
it，
so
it
should
not
be
set．However，
I
still
believe
that
homework
can
really
help
with
children's
learning，
if
teachers
clearly
tell
them
why
they
should
do
the
homework
and
let
them
know
how
they
have
done
in
their
homework．
65.____________________________________________________________________________
66.____________________________________________________________________________
67.____________________________________________________________________________
68.____________________________________________________________________________
69.____________________________________________________________________________
提升题组：
（2019-2020-2青竹湖一模英语试卷）
Most
of
us
eat
to
satisfy
our
appetite
(胃口)
for
delicious
food.
But
due
to
the
outbreak
of
the
novel
coronavirus
pneumonia
(NCP),
many
Chinese
people
are
changing
their
eating
habits.
Because
of
busy
work
schedules,
ordering
simple
and
quick
meals
online
used
to
be
common
for
many
young
people
in
China.
Zhang
Xiaoyan,
a
30-year-old
from
Nanjing,
was
one
of
them.
65.在工作日，她通常在办公室吃外卖食品而不是在家下厨。Even
on
weekends,
she
would
prefer
takeout
food,
which
demanded
(需要)
little
time.
Now,
she
rolls
up
her
sleeves(&$l)
and
cooks
for
herself.
66.
“Cooking
sometimes
is
quite
time-demanding.
but
it
helps
me
have
a
healthy
eating
habits.”
Zhang
told
China
Daily.
Instead
of
eating
in
the
restaurant,
cooking
at
home
has
become
more
and
more
popular.
Some
even
share
food
videos
on
their
We
Chat
Moments
at
meal
times.
67.
这被认为是一种与朋友沟通的特殊方式。
68.
Besides
eating
at
home,
many
people
also
developed
the
good
habit
of
using
serving
chopsticks
and
spoons.
They
thought
it
was
not
clean
to
use
their
own
to
eat
dishes.
They
also
cat
separately
in
order
not
to
get
infected
(感染).
Healthy
eating
habits
and
maintaining
good
order
have
become
real
problems
for
us.
It’s
related
to
people’s
health
and
safety,
and
it’s
also
a
personal
responsibility
during
the
pandemic
(疫情)
stated
Guangming
Daily.
69.
The
disease
is
still
spreading,
and
more
must
be
done
to
bring
it
under
control.
As
long
as
these
habits
are
good
for
our
health,
we
should
keep
them
from
now
on
to
fight
against
the
virus.
65.____________________________________________________________________________
66.____________________________________________________________________________
67.____________________________________________________________________________
68.____________________________________________________________________________
69.____________________________________________________________________________
（麓山国际2019-2020-2初三英语第一次模拟考试）
Many
got
to
know
Emma
Watson
when
she
was
only
ten
for
playing
smart
Hermione
Granger
n
the
Harry
Potter
moves.
65,
Now
in
her
late
twenties,
she
continues
to
shine
as
a
successful
actress.
Even
though
she
grew
up
in
the
UK.
Watson
is
able
to
speak
in
a
US
accent
when
she
needs
to.66.当她还是小孩子的时候,她常常跟着收音机唱美国歌曲.Later,
when
Watson
started
her
acting
career,
she
found
a
coach
to
help
with
her
US
accent.
“I
worked
with
a
dialogue
coach
and
67.
I
just
put
in
the
time
to
listen
practice
it
again
and
again
until
I
felt
comfortable
speaking
American
English.”
she
told
The
New
York
Times.
Watson’s
hard
work
won
her
many
roles
in
Hollywood.”
Her
accent
in
the
movie
The
Bling
Ring,
from
what
I
heard,
is
perfect,
"
US
dialect
expert
Eric
Singer
said
.”It’
s
a
very
perfect
accent.”
Yet,
as
a
famous
actress.
Watson
faces
many
challenges.
especially
from
being
followed
by
paparazzi(狗仔队).
But
being
in
showbiz(演艺圈)
for
years,
the
star
has
learned
to
keep
her
private
life
to
herself.
I
don’t
want
to
be
changeable:
I
can’t
talk
about
my
boyfriend
in
an
interview
and
then
expect
people
not
to
take
paparazzi
pictures
of
me
walking
around
outside
my
home.68.你不可能同时拥有二者.＂
she
once
told
in
public.”69.
Always
looking
on
the
bright
sides
what
really
meters
if
you
want
to
succeed.
If
life
gives
you
lemons.
make
lemonade.”
65.____________________________________________________________________________
66.____________________________________________________________________________
67.____________________________________________________________________________
68.____________________________________________________________________________
69.____________________________________________________________________________
（雅礼集团联考2019-2020-2初三英语第一次模拟测试卷）
Have
you
watched
short
videos
for
fun
or
learning?
According
to
the
China
Internet
Network
Information
Center,
the
number
of
short
video
users
reached
773
million
in
March.
65.
This
means
that
about
86%
of
all
Chinese
Internet
users
are
viewing
or
making
short
videos.
The
popularity
of
short
videos
is
not
just
common
in
China.
Tik
Tok,
the
international
version(版本)of
Douyin,
has
more
than
800
million
active
users
worldwide
and
was
for
many
months
the
top-ranked
APP
in
Apple's
App
Store.
There
are
plenty
of
other
personal
amusements
available-
movies,”
TV
shows
and
e-book.66
.但是它们不如短视频受欢迎.
Part
of
the
reason
of
short
videos'
popularity
is
that
they
can
attract
people'
s
attention
easily.
Viewers
can
usually
get
the
topic
within
seconds.
67.
Short
videos
get
to
the
point
directly
and
some
even
offer
interesting
or
useful
knowledge
and
skills.
Short
videos
can
also
introduce
you
new
videos
based
on
the
ones
you
have
watched
and
enjoyed
before.
They
don’t
require
much
thinking
to
enjoy,
and
in
my
opinion,
that
is
the
problem.
Though
sometimes
they
can
be
relaxing
or
even
useful,
short
videos
also
do
great
harm
to
society.68.学生和成年人宁愿观看短视频好几个时而不去学习或工作。
Once
you
start
watching,
it
may
be
difficult
to
stop.
69.
Before
you
turn
your
phone
on,ask
yourself
if
there
is
anything
more
meaningful
that
you
can
do.
65.____________________________________________________________________________
66.____________________________________________________________________________
67.____________________________________________________________________________
68.____________________________________________________________________________
69.____________________________________________________________________________
（青竹湖2020-2021-2初三英语第一次模拟测试卷）
Fu
Cong,
known
as
the
“greatest
modem
pianist”
and
“piano
poet”,
died
of
COVID-19
at
a
hospital
in
London
last
year.
You
may
not
be
familiar
with
him,
but
you
might
have
read
the
book
Fu
Lei’s
Family
Letters
(傅雷家书)
written
by
his
father
Fu
Lei,
a
famous
translator
and
writer,
which
influenced
a
generation
of
Chinese
readers.
Fu
Cong
was
born
on
March
10,
1934,
in
Shanghai.
A
lover
of
classical
music
from
a
young
age.
61.傅陪7岁的时候开始上钢琴课。But
the
chaos
(混乱)
of
wartime
China
prevented
him
from
receiving
a
systematic
musical
education.
62.
Then
in
his
teens,
Fu
Cong
moved
with
his
family
to
Yunnan,
where
he
experienced
an
unusual
period.
Between
1954
and
1966,
Fu
Cong
spent
a
lot
of
time
away
from
home
to
train
as
a
piano
player.
63.结果，写信成为了傅雷与儿子交流的常见方式。The
letters
fully
showed
Fu
Lei’s
family
tradition
and
value.
To
Fu
Lei,
education
is
not
only
a
family
matter,
but
also
something
with
great
social
value.
Fu
Lei
also
advised
his
son
to
read
famous
Chinese
texts.
He
told
Fu
Cong
to
fully
understand
their
meanings
and
connect
ideas
with
feeling
in
order
to
become
a
better
person.
Fu
Lei
thinks
learning
to
be
a
good
person
comes
before
any
academic
(学术)
training.
On
27
December
1954,
Fu
Lei
wrote,
“Everyone
should
be
a
good
person
before
becoming
an
expert
in
any
field.
Otherwise,
64.
that
person
will
not
get
much
academic
achievement,
no
matter
how
knowledgeable
he
is.”
65.
Full
of
advice,
encouragement,
and
a
father’s
love.
Fu
Lei’s
Family
Letters
became
a
best
seller
in
China.
It
has
been
sold
more
than
one
million
copies
in
China
and
has
been
translated
into
Japanese
and
Korean.
It
helps
many
young
students
understand
how
they
should
live
their
lives.
61.___________________________________________________________________________
62.___________________________________________________________________________63.___________________________________________________________________________
64.___________________________________________________________________________
65.
__________________________________________________________________________
第十一讲
翻译技巧（一）参考答案
基础题组：
（2020长沙）
65.
We
know
that
many
children
can’t
wash
clothes
or
cook.
66.
在中国,学校现在在考虑把教授生活技能当做一门学科。
67.
My
parents
have
these
skills,
but
they
forgot
to
teach
me.
68.
一些人也许会说你可以在网上点餐或者预定服务。
69.
如果你没有实际的生活技能,你的教育就是不完整的。
（2019长沙）
65.尤其在考试前，大多数学生为了取得好成绩而花许多时间努力学习。
66.It
means
someone
speaks
or
writes
without
considering
his
listeners
or
readers.
67.英语中有很多这样的习语，但理解起来并不那么容易。
68.那是因为在过去床常常是填充着干草的大袋子。
69.Idioms
make
your
language
lively
and
interesting.
（2018长沙）
65.
一些人认为家庭作业是学生学习的一个重要部分。
66.
而且，这是一种对他们未来生活有用的技能。
67.
They
think
homework
puts
too
much
stress
on
children.
68.
In
Finland,
students
have
little
homework.
69.家庭作业的好坏取决于其目的。
提升题组：
（2019-2020-2青竹湖一模英语试卷）
65.
On
weekdays,
she
usually
ate
takeaway
(takeout)
food
at
home
|instead
of
cooking
at
home.
66.
下厨(做饭)有时很需要时间，但它帮助我养成(拥有)健康的饮食习惯。
67.
It
is
regarded
as
a
special
way
to
communicate
with
friends.
68.
除了在家吃饭，许多人也养成了用公勺公筷的好习惯。
69.
疾病还在传播，防控还需努力/（人们）必须做更的事去让它得到控制。
（麓山国际2019-2020-2初三英语第一次模拟考试）
65.
如今她快
30
岁了，她依然是一位出类拔萃的成功女演员。
66.
When
she
was
a
child,
she
often
sang
American
songs
along
with
the
radio./...sang
American
songs
to
(on)
the
radio
67.
我只是花时间反复地去听和练习，直到我能自如地讲美式英语。
68.
You
can’t
own
both
(of
them)
at
the
same
time
.
69.
如果你想成功，总是乐观积极（总是看光明的一面）很重要。
（雅礼集团联考2019-2020-2初三英语第一次模拟测试卷）
65.
这意味着大约86%的全中国互联网用户在观看或制作短视频。
66.
But
they
are
not
as
popular
as
short
videos.
/
But
they
are
less
popular
than
short
videos.
67.
短视频直入主题，并且有些短视频甚至提供有趣或有用的知识和技能。
68.
Students
and
adults
would
watch
short
videos
for
hours
rather
than
study
or
work./
Students
and
adults
would
rather
watch
short
videos
for
hours
than
study
or
work./
Students
and
adults
prefer
watching
short
videos
for
hours
to
studying
or
working./
Students
and
adults
prefer
to
watch
short
videos
for
hours
rather
than
study
or
work.
69.
在你打开手机前问问自己是否有你可以做的更有意义的事。
（青竹湖2020-2021-2初三英语第一次模拟测试卷）
61.
Fu
Cong
began/started
taking
piano
lessons/a
piano
lesson/the
piano
lesson
at
the
age
of
7/at
7/when
he
was
seven
(years
old).
62.
然后在他十几岁的时候/青少年时期，傅聪和他的家人搬(家)到了云南，在那里他经历了一段不寻常的时期。
63.
As
a
result,
writing
letters
became
a
usual/common
way
for
Fu
Lei
to
communicate
with
his
son./As
a
result,
writing
letters
became
Fu
Lei's
usual/common
way
to
communicate
with
his
son./As
a
result,
it
became
a
common
way
of
communication
for
Fu
Lei
to
write
letters
to
Is
son
64.
不论那个人多么有学识/学识渊博，他将不会获得很大/很多的学术成就。
65.
充满了建议，鼓励和父爱。《傅雷家书》成为了中国的畅销书
/《傅雷家书》这本满是建议，鼓励和父爱的书成为了中国的畅销书。
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