2021年中考英语二轮专题复习之阅读理解 课件 (共64张PPT)

(共64张PPT)
中考英语专题复习　
阅读理解
1
命题特点
2
解题技巧
命题特点
1．体裁：涉及应用文、记叙文、说明文、议论文。
2．话题：涉及人物故事、事物介绍、观点讨论等，涵盖常见话题如学习、旅行、科技、文化、环保、健康等。
3．设题：以细节理解题和推理判断题为主，代词指代题、词义猜测题、主旨大意题、写作意图题、标题概括题、篇章结构题为辅。
解题技巧
(2020·南充B篇)
How
do
we
know
the
time?
A
clock，a
watch
or
a
mobile
phone
can
help
us.However，many
years
ago
there
were
no
clocks
and
knowing
the
time
was
not
so
easy.Over
the
centuries
people
have
developed
different
ways
of
telling
the
time.
真题剖析
About
5，500
years
ago，the
Egyptians
invented
the
sun
clock.This
was
a
tall
stone
building.Its
shadow(影子)
showed
the
movement
of
the
sun.So
people
were
able
to
know
midday.The
Egyptians
made
a
sundial
about
3，500
years
ago.It
was
smaller
than
the
sun
clock
and
could
let
people
know
the
time
for
half
a
day.On
cloudy
days
or
at
night
it
was
impossible
to
tell
the
time
with
a
sun
clock
or
a
sundial.Water
clocks
were
the
first
clocks
not
to
use
the
sun.The
idea
is
simple.Water
flows(流动)
from
one
bottle
to
another.When
the
water
reaches
a
certain
level，it
shows
the
hours.The
Egyptians
used
water
clocks
about
3，400
years
ago.These
clocks
were
popular
in
the
Middle
East
and
China.But
they
failed
to
make
people
know
the
exact
time.
In
the
13th
century，the
mechanical
clock
was
invented.This
was
more
exact，but
it
was
expensive
to
make
one.Over
the
next
few
centuries
it
was
developed.For
example，springs(发条)
were
added
around
1500.This
enabled
people
to
get
the
correct
time
and
allowed
clocks
to
be
smaller.In
1927，the
first
quartz
clock
was
developed.Clocks
became
cheaper
to
build.It's
also
cheaper
for
ordinary
people
to
own
a
clock.People
began
depending
on
them
more
and
more
to
run
businesses，markets
and
so
on.More
recently，in
1956，came
the
digital
clock.And
nowadays
satellites
send
our
mobile
phones
the
time
to
the
exact
second.
There
has
been
a
lot
of
progress
in
timekeeping.Clocks
are
always
changing
but
some
things
never
change.Many
of
us
still
have
trouble
getting
out
of
bed
on
time
and
not
being
late
for
school
or
work.
(
)1.According
to
the
passage，we
can't
use
a
______
to
tell
the
time
on
a
rainy
day.
A．water
clock
B．sun
clock
C．digital
clock
D．mechanical
clock
(
)2.What's
the
meaning
of
the
underlined
word
“ordinary”
in
the
third
paragraph?
A．现代的
B．特殊的
C．富有的
D．普通的
B
D
(
)3.How
many
kinds
of
clocks
are
mentioned
in
the
passage?
A．Four.
B．Five.
C．Six.
D．Seven.
C
(
)4.Which
of
the
following
shows
the
structure(结构)
of
the
passage?
(①＝paragraph
1　②＝paragraph
2，...)
A
(
)5.What
does
the
passage
mainly
talk
about?
A．The
importance
of
time.
B．The
development
of
timekeeping.
C．The
inventions
of
clocks.
D．The
history
of
a
digital
clock.
B
【文章大意】
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了钟表的发展历史。
【解析】
1．B　根据第二段第七句“On
cloudy
days
or
at
night
it
was
impossible
to
tell
the
time
with
a
sun
clock
or
a
sundial.”可知，在阴天、夜晚和雨天无法使用日晷计时。故选B。命题点：细节理解
2．D　根据第三段第七句“Clocks
became
cheaper
to
build.”及常识可知，因为钟表越来越便宜，所以普通人也能拥有钟表。由此可推知，ordinary应意为“普通的”。故选D。命题点：词义猜测
3．C　通读全文可知，文中共提到了“sun
clock”，“sundial”，“water
clocks”，“mechanical
clock”，“quartz
clock”和“digital
clock”六种钟表。故选C。命题点：推理判断
4．A　通读全文可知，第一段通过讲述钟表、手表和手机引出古代人是如何计时的疑问；第二、三段分别对不同时期计时的方法以及日晷、水表、机械表等做了简单介绍；第四段总结全文，阐述了虽然计时法有很大的改进，但是人们不守时的坏习惯依然没变。由此可推知，全文采用了“总分总”的结构。故选A。命题点：篇章结构
5．B　通读全文可知，本文主要阐述了计时工具的发展史。故选B。命题点：主旨大意
细节理解
此类试题针对文章中的细节(某一特定细节或若干个细节)而设计，难度较小。学生可根据题干中的关000000000键词，寻找文章中的对应词，在对应词周围找答案或直接在文中搜索答案，对号入座。
命题点1
方法点拨
技巧训练
(一)(2020?安徽B篇节选)
Darrius's
favourite
piano
music
is
River
Flows
in
You
by
Yiruma，a
Korean
musician.It
took
Darrius
a
year
to
learn
it.
(
)60.How
long
did
it
take
Darrius
to
learn
to
play
River
Flows
in
You?
A．A
year.
B．A
month.
C．A
day.
D．An
hour.
A
(二)(2020·眉山B篇节选)
But
knowing
how
to
use
the
Internet
is
important.The
key
is
to
have
good
self?control.
(
)26.According
to
the
passage，______
is
the
key
to
using
the
Internet
to
study.
A．self?respect
B．self?control
C．self?confidence
D．self?thinking
B
推理判断
解答此类试题，须在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，并借助一定的常识进行分析、推理。对于具体细节的推断，要抓住关键词语；对于文章出处的推断，要注意文章的用词和格式；对于作者的情感和态度的推断，要注意句子的语气、文章的论调。
命题点2
技巧训练
(一)(2020?河北B篇节选)
Dan
thought
perhaps
he
would
not
attend
the
national
competition.Then
he
would
not
have
to
rap
on
TV.
Dan's
friends
sensed
something
was
going
on
his
mind.They
planned
to
give
him
some
help.When
Dan
got
to
class
the
next
day，he
saw
a
sign
on
the
wall.It
said，“Dan，just
rap
like
in
our
classroom！”
Dan
smiled.“Perhaps
it's
not
that
hard
to
rap
on
TV，”
he
thought.
(
)56.What
do
you
think
happened
later
according
to
the
story?
A．Dan
hated
his
friends
for
their
push.
B．Dan
forgot
what
he
should
rap
on
TV.
C．Dan
attended
the
national
compe?tition.
D．Dan
stopped
rapping
after
the
competition.
C
(二)(2020?襄阳B篇节选)
It
was
a
bit
cold，so
we
had
an
idea
to
take
her
home.When
I
asked
her
if
she'd
like
to
go
home
with
us，she
thanked
me
about
a
million
times
with
tears
in
her
eyes.
(
)58.Choose
the
true
sentence
according
to
the
fourth
paragraph.
A．The
girl
was
so
hungry
that
she
began
to
cry.
B．The
girl
didn't
believe
in
Shane
and
Kelly
at
all.
C．The
girl
agreed
to
go
with
Shane
and
Kelly
soon.
D．Kelly
felt
unhappy
when
she
heard
what
Shane
said.
C
词义/句意猜测
做词义猜测题时，常用的技巧有：(1)利用构词法猜词；
(2)利用同义词、近义词、反义词猜词；
(3)利用上下文语境猜词；
(4)利用定义和解释猜词；
(5)利用例证猜词。
做句意猜测题时，先要返回原文定位画线句，利用语法和逻辑关系准确分析原句，再理解画线句的前后语境，合理推断句意，然后归纳总结，找出与原句意思完全吻合的选项。
命题点3
技巧训练
(一)(2020?陕西C篇节选)
“The
program
is
for
7，000
students
at
31
schools
right
now.The
number
will
extend
to
21，000
students
in
120
schools
by
the
start
of
2021，”
Ardern
said
while
she
was
serving
up
lunch
at
a
school
in
Hawke's
Bay.
(
)48.The
underlined
word
“extend”
here
means
“______”．
A．increase
B．double
C．remain
D．fall
A
(二)(2020?河南C篇节选)
Cait，11，was
trying
to
fall
asleep
when
her
8－year－old
brother，Doug，came
into
her
room.He
looked
around，but
seemed
really
out
of
it.Then
Doug
went
back
into
the
hallway
and
stood
there
looking
straight
up
at
the
light.This
was
really
strange.
(
)31.What
does
“out
of
it”
most
probably
mean
in
Chinese?
A．茫然不觉
B．心满意足
C．垂头丧气
D．悠然自得
A
代词指代
解答此类试题时，务必记住：原词永远出现在代词之前。因此，先要在代词前面的内容中搜索原词，再根据单复数一致和人称一致的语法原则分析选项，排除位置和语意不符的词汇，最后将所选的答案代入句中简单翻译，进行验证。
命题点4
技巧训练
(一)(2020?广州D篇节选)
Dr.Williams
tried
a
new
greenhouse
that
had
a
fan
to
keep
the
air
move.The
plants
loved
it.
(
)44.The
underlined
word
“it”
in
Paragraph
7
refers
to
______.
A．the
moving
air
B．the
closed
room
C．the
space
journey
D．the
space
garden
A
(二)(2020?福建B篇节选)
They
sold
their
second－hand
books，put
on
talent
shows
and
asked
for
donations(捐赠)，even
going
door－to－door
for
them.
(
)52.What
does
the
underlined
word
“them”
in
Paragraph
2
refer
to(指代)?
A．Solar
panels.
B．Second－hand
books.
C．Shows.
D．Donations.
D
数字计算
此类试题需要根据句子提供的数据与文中其他信息的关系进行简单的计算。解题时，须弄清众多信息中哪些属于有用信息，哪些属于干扰信息；不要孤立地看待数字信息，还要抓住一些关键用语的意义。
命题点5
技巧训练
(一)(2020?河南A篇节选)
Liverpool
SPORT
Liverpool
FC
This
city
loves
football.Visit
Anfield
football
stadium，home
to
Liverpool's
favourite
football
team，and
take
a
tour.
Closed
on
weekends.
Adult：　　　　　　　　　　　
￡15.00
Under－16s
and
students：　　
￡9.00
Child
under
five：　　　　
Free
(
)22.How
much
do
they
pay
if
a
student
and
his
parents
visit
Anfield
stadium?
A．￡24.00.
B．￡30.00.
C．￡33.00.
D．￡39.00.
D
(二)(2020?新疆B篇节选)
A
Wild
Animal
Zoo
Come
on！There
are
elephants，tigers，pandas
...You
can
also
enjoy
the
most
interesting
animal
show
at
the
lowest
prices.
Ticket
prices
:Adults：￥80
Children：￥40
Show
time：11：00
a．m.—11：40
a．m.
3：00
p．m.—3：40
p．m.
Sundays
and
Saturdays
(
)51.Mr.and
Mrs.Green
with
two
children
have
to
pay
______
to
go
to
the
Wild
Animal
Zoo.
A．￥200
B．￥240
C．￥120
D．￥160
B
写作意图
解答此类试题，可用以下两种方法：
(1)主旨推断法：写作目的是阐述作者为何要表达某个中心主题，因此可根据文章或段落的主旨推断作者的写作目的。
(2)文体推断法：不同体裁的文章有不同的写作目的，因此可根据文体的特点来推断。故事类记叙文的写作目的通常是使读者感到快乐；广告类应用文的写作目的是推销产品或提供服务；议论文的写作目的是阐述论点；科普类说明文的写作目的是介绍科学知识。
命题点6
技巧训练
(一)(2020?天津B篇节选)
Summer
Fun
at
Happy
Kids'
Learning
Centre
Are
you
looking
for
something
that
can
add
colour
to
your
summer
holiday?
If
yes，here
are
the
summer
courses
that
you
cannot
miss!
(
)55.The
purpose
of
this
passage
is
to
encourage
children
to
______.
A．cook
a
meal
for
their
parents
B．act
with
their
parents
in
public
C．join
the
summer
courses
at
the
learning
centre
D．read
more
books
during
the
holiday
C
(二)(2020?包头B篇)
On
a
windy
day
in
June，Fourth
Class
took
the
train
to
Chinatown.We
had
begun
to
learn
Putonghua
and
our
teacher
said
this
excursion
would
let
us
practice
our
language
skills
and
learn
more
about
Chinese
culture.
We
entered
Chinatown
through
the
arched(拱形的)
entrance
gate
with
red
painted
wooden
pillars(柱子)．Big
stone
lions
sat
on
each
side.Then
I
noticed
that
the
street
signs
were
written
in
both
Chinese
and
English.I
photographed
the
sign
for
Hay
Street.
The
next
place
we
visited
was
the
Chinese
Garden
of
Friendship
which
was
very
peaceful.There
were
waterfalls，hidden
stone
paths
and
a
beautiful
teahouse.We
had
a
wonderful
time
there.
At
last
it
was
time
for
our
Chinese
lunch.We
entered
a
big
restaurant
that
had
red
lanterns
hanging
from
the
roof
and
red
dragons
on
the
walls.The
waiters
greeted
us
in
Putonghua
and
we
answered
them
in
Putonghua.We
were
shown
how
to
use
chopsticks
and
how
to
choose
from
the
menus
with
Chinese
writing.
At
2：30
we
left
Chinatown.We
were
all
very
tired.On
the
train，our
teacher
told
us
her
experience
in
China.She
was
just
back
from
seeing
the
Great
Wall
of
China.It's
like
a
long
dragon
winding
its
way.We
were
told
it
is
the
longest
wall
in
the
world.As
we
were
listening，one
student，who
I
couldn't
name，fell
asleep
on
the
train
and
snored
loudly.His
face
turned
red
when
he
woke
up!
In
the
past，I
often
told
my
Chinese
classmates
how
to
speak
English.Now
there
are
more
people
than
ever
who
are
studying
Chinese.I
can
understand
why—it's
a
fascinating
language，and
there
are
always
new
words
to
be
discovered!
I
cannot
forget
our
excursion
to
Chinatown.
Tom
Green，Fourth
Class
(
)57.What
is
the
main
purpose
of
this
text?
A．To
describe
Chinese
culture.
B．To
describe
Tom's
favorite
Chinese
meals.
C．To
retell
what
happened
on
Tom's
trip
to
Chinatown.
D．To
give
information
about
Chinese
eating
customs.
C
主旨大意/标题归纳
解答主旨大意题的关键在于寻找主题句。认真阅读文章的首尾段或每段的首尾句，主题句一般在段首或段尾。无明显主题句时找高频信息词，即文中反复出现的紧扣主题的中心词。记叙文通常没有主题句，需要根据文章所述内容进行归纳，最后概括出来的中心意思一定要涵盖全文或整个段落，切忌以偏概全或离题太远、太笼统。
主旨大意题的解题方法同样适用于标题归纳题，只不过标题更为短小精悍，提炼性更强。
命题点7
技巧训练
(一)(2020?云南B篇)
It
might
be
fun
to
use
your
smartphone，but
be
careful.Too
much
screen
time
may
be
harmful
to
your
health.
First，it
is
bad
for
your
eyes.A
researcher
called
Sarah
Hinkley
says
the
problem
comes
from
the
blue
light
that
the
screen
gives
out.Looking
at
a
smartphone
for
a
long
time
can
cause
eye
strain(劳损)，headaches
and
dry
eyes.So
it
is
a
good
idea
to
take
a
break
every
15
minutes
when
you
are
working
at
a
computer
or
using
a
smartphone.
Second，screen
use
can
do
harm
to
children's
brains.A
new
study
shows
that
using
screens
too
much
can
affect(影响)
how
children's
brains
grow.If
children
use
screens
for
more
than
one
hour
a
day，they
might
have
lower
levels
of
white
matter
in
their
brains.White
matter
is
a
key
to
the
development
of
language
and
reading
skills.So
it
is
wise
to
cut
down
the
time
of
children
using
all
kinds
of
screens.
Third，using
screens
too
much
will
affect
your
sleep.According
to
a
study，about
95%
of
the
people
between
the
ages
of
13
and
64
use
electronics
before
bed，especially
the
young
people
under
20.Doctors
say
that
the
light
from
those
electronics
at
night
may
make
you
excited
before
you
go
to
bed.Then
it's
hard
for
you
to
get
enough
sleep.So
you'd
better
turn
off
smartphones，TVs，and
all
other
screens
an
hour
before
your
bedtime.
To
keep
healthy，doctors
and
researchers
strongly
advise
that
you
shouldn't
use
screens
for
long
hours.
(
)60.What
is
the
main
idea
of
the
passage?
A．The
ways
to
keep
healthy.
B．The
harm
of
using
screens
too
much.
C．The
ways
to
use
screens.
D．The
advantages
of
using
screens.
B
(二)(2020?宁波B篇)
Monday，January
21st
I'm
a
virus(病毒)
for
the
common
cold.It
has
been
a
long
time
since
I
infected(感染)
humans
last
time.Today
I
tried
to
infect
a
boy
in
a
primary
school
all
day.His
name
is
Sam.I
waited
on
his
desktop，and
when
he
touched
the
desk
I
jumped
on
his
finger.Unluckily，Sam
didn't
touch
his
eyes，mouth
or
nose.Then，right
after
class，he
washed
his
hands.Now
I'm
full
of
soap
and
sitting
in
a
sink!
Tuesday，January
22nd
This
morning
I
jumped
into
the
nose
of
Sam's
best
friend，Bill.Unluckily，the
mucus(黏液)
in
his
nose
caught
me.I
thought
it
was
over
for
me，when
suddenly
Bill
sneezed
while
he
was
talking
to
Sam.I
knew
that
would
send
me
right
into
Sam's
face!
However，Sam
quickly
gave
Bill
a
tissue，and
Bill
sneezed
into
that
instead!
Infecting
people
is
harder
than
I
imagined.
Wednesday，January
23rd
I'm
feeling
very
unhappy
today.Some
scientists
caught
my
friend
Harry
and
put
him
under
a
microscope.Harry
is
a
flu
virus
and
he's
a
dangerous
little
guy.Besides，Sam
ate
all
his
vegetables
today.He's
exercising，and
he's
getting
eight
hours
of
sleep
every
night.His
body
is
too
strong
for
me!
Thursday，January
24th
I
tried
to
infect
Sam
again
today，but
he
washed
his
hands
five
times
and
never
touched
his
face!
He
also
gave
tissues
to
every
student
in
his
class
who
was
sneezing.It's
impossible
to
give
him
a
cold!
So
I
have
to
give
up
and
I'm
moving
to
another
school.
(
)27.The
best
title
for
the
passage
above
might
be
“______”．
A．Danger
of
a
Virus
B．Habit
of
a
Virus
C．Diary
of
a
Virus
D．Letter
of
a
Virus
C
篇章结构
此类试题目前多见于说明文和议论文，通常按段落的组织方式或者写作方法(论证方法)来考查学生对文章结构的理解。阅读篇章一般是“总分总”结构，而各选项的不同之处在于，支撑中心论点的要点及次要点的个数及其逻辑关系。因此，概括全文的主旨及各个段落的内容要点，分析它们相互之间的逻辑关系是解题的关键。
命题点8
技巧训练
(一)(2020?杭州D篇)
How
would
you
feel
if
someone
decided
to
take
away
your
park？Well，that's
what's
happening
in
my
community.There's
a
park
that
some
people
want
to
turn
into
a
golf
course(高尔夫球场)．Let
me
tell
you
why
I
think
it's
a
bad
idea.
First，a
park
is
meant
to
be
for
the
whole
community.Not
everyone
likes
golf，so
not
everyone
will
get
to
use
the
park.This
isn't
fair.A
community
park
should
have
open
spaces
for
everyone
to
use.
Second，to
make
way
for
the
golf
course，lots
of
playground
equipment(设施)
will
have
to
be
moved
or
knocked
down，which
is
a
waste
of
time
and
money.It's
also
a
waste
of
perfectly
good
equipment.The
swings，for
example，will
probably
just
end
up
as
litter.
Third，what
about
giving
young
people
something
to
do?
Not
all
kids
are
crazy
about
golf.At
the
moment，the
park
has
a
skating
place
and
a
playground.These
attract
lots
of
kids
from
the
community.If
you
turn
the
park
into
a
golf
course，these
kids
won't
have
anywhere
to
go
and
they
won't
have
anything
to
do.This
means
that
they
will
stay
at
home
and
turn
on
a
video
game
rather
than
get
some
exercise.It
also
means
that
they
might
be
out
on
the
street
causing
trouble.Wouldn't
it
be
better
to
give
them
something
to
do
at
the
park?
Finally，golf
is
expensive.Building
a
golf
course
and
maintaining(维护)
it
costs
a
lot
of
money.Who
is
going
to
pay
to
maintain
the
golf
course?
What
about
those
people
who
can't
afford
to
join
a
golf
club?
That
means
that
the
golf
course
will
only
be
available
to
people
with
lots
of
money.
Turning
our
park
into
a
golf
course
is
a
bad
idea.I
suggest
we
have
a
community
meeting
before
plans
go
any
further.
(
)29.Which
of
the
following
shows
the
structure
of
the
passage？(P＝Paragraph)
D
(二)(2020·重庆A卷E篇)
“Humans
can
develop
certain
abilities
we
aren't
born
with
by
practicing
animals'
movements，”
the
traditional
Chinese
Wushu
lovers
believed
in
the
past—and
still
do
today.
Chinese
Five－Animal
Exercises，also
known
as
Wuqinxi，are
the
first
complete
set
of
qigong
exercises
following
the
movements
of
animals：monkeys，deer(鹿)，birds，bears
and
tigers.They
were
created
by
one
of
the
greatest
doctors
in
Chinese
history，Hua
Tuo，more
than
1，800
years
ago.
The
Five－Animal
Exercises
are
well－designed
to
help
blood
circulation(循环)，and
let
the
energy
go
smoothly
in
the
body
so
as
to
improve
the
health.
“The
bear
movements
are
good
for
the
sto?mach.The
tiger
movements
can
reduce
the
pain
in
the
back.The
deer
movements
help
reduce
the
fat
around
the
waist(腰)．The
bird
movements
can
help
keep
our
knees
healthy
and
the
monkey
movements
can
be
good
for
the
heart，”
said
Hua
Yi，the
59th
inheritor(继承人)
of
Wuqinxi.
For
those
new
learners，the
first
few
exercises
might
not
go
well.You
may
find
it
hard
to
focus(集中注意力)．Wear
comfortable
clothes，keep
peaceful
in
your
mind，try
to
move
slowly
...Little
by
little，you'll
feel
more
and
more
harmonious
with
nature.You
may
even
feel
you
become
a
tiger
or
a
deer，walking
in
the
forest
freely.
These
exercises
need
no
tools
and
they
are
easy
to
learn.You
can
search
online
for
the
videos
and
practice
them
at
any
time
when
you
feel
like
relaxing
your
body
and
mind.Because
it's
fun
to
practice
and
good
for
health，Five－Animal
Exercises
are
becoming
more
and
more
popular
in
recent
years，not
only
in
China，but
also
in
many
other
places
of
the
world.
(
)59.The
structure
of
the
passage
may
be
______.
(①＝Paragraph
1　②＝Paragraph
2
③＝Paragraph
3
④＝Paragraph
4
⑤＝Paragraph
5
⑥＝Paragraph
6)
A
B
C
D
A