2021届高考英语二轮复习写作分类针对练习： 概要写作 Word版含答案
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| 名称 | 2021届高考英语二轮复习写作分类针对练习： 概要写作 Word版含答案 |  | |
| 格式 | doc | ||
| 文件大小 | 47.5KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2021-03-30 08:39:41 | ||
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2021年高考英语写作分类针对练习
（11）概要写作
1. 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Some farmers and scientists feel that GM crops(转基因作物) can make the world a better place. If bioengineers can create crops that are resistant to insects, they won't have to worry about insects destroying plants. In the absence of insect damage, crops can grow to feed the poor and hungry. Genetic engineering can create plants with other desirable properties as well. Plants that don't require much water and can live even in times of drought, can help prevent the widespread starvation that would occur if people have nothing to eat. It's easy to see why many people believe that GM crops will help the world meet the difficult challenges that it will face as more and more people need to be fed.
But not everyone thinks bioengineering is a good idea. Other people are suspicious. They mistrust the claims made and don't believe that bioengineering is without risks. The possible dangers include harming the ecosystem, the interrelated community of plants and animals and bacteria that make up the Earth. They worry that changing plants can harm our environment, and damage to our surroundings can hurt us. Our danger is that GM crops can transfer(转移) their characteristics to other wild plants, making them more difficult to control.
Indeed, people hold very different opinions about bioengineering. While some people look forward to crops that will not go bad during the trip to the market, others worry that we will ruin our cropland and destroy what we are trying to save. While some people look forward to crops that can withstand droughts, others worry that contact with GM plants can pollute other crops, making them impure and unfit for use.
Thus, for people concerned with protecting our ecosystem, the risks are too high. Some ecologists remind us that our environment is made up of a web of interconnecting parts. They argue that the benefits of biotechnology are not as great as the risks. Over the coming years they will be watching and checking the effects of GM crops, monitoring whether there are any unexpected effects.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
During all kinds of holidays, millions of people will buy gifts for loved ones. This is a great thing but tons of those people will make the same mistake, and buy the wrong gift. What’s going on?
Gift buying has become a selfish deed. We don’t actually look for things people want to receive. Instead, and too many of our gifts’ harm, we tend to look for things that we want to give. It’s a subtle(微妙的), but pretty significant problem.
Research has shown that givers tend to value the gifts they buy considerably more than receivers. Gifts are valued about 10 to 33 percent less by receivers than what givers paid for them, Joel Waldfogel noted in Scroogenomics: Why You Shouldn抰 Buy Presents for the Holidays, his 2019 book on gift-giving.
The disagreement seems to come from a simple wrong belief that thoughtful presents are the best presents. They are not. In fact, they might be the worst presents. The more thought you put into a present, the more likely you are to get lost in buying what the person you’re buying the present for actually wants.
In other words, people let their gift-giving egos(自我)get in the way of great presents. Especially when the receiver is someone they want to show they know really well. Fortunately, the answer to our same insistence on guessing what people want is simple: stop it.
If that’s too hard, or impersonal, there’s another helpful rule. Instead of buying restrictive(限制的)gifts, like gift cards for specific stores, buy gifts that allow for flexibility, like gift cards that can be used more broadly(or better yet, cash). People tend to prefer gift cards to actual gifts, and cash to both, Steffel explained. Steffel抯 latest research, which focuses on gift card giving, points to exactly this point—that versatility(多用途) is the key to better gift giving.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
More than half a million students take an introductory calculus (微积分) course in any given year, and the number is growing. A large proportion have no choice. Calculus is a barrier that must be overcome on the way to a professional career in medicine or engineering. Even disciplines like history now sometimes require some college mathematics.
But for many people in the last few years who have passed through such a course, the word "calculus" brings back painful memories. In many universities about half of the students who take introductory calculus fail the course. A surprisingly large number must take the course several times to get through. At the same time, engineering and physical sciences professors complain that even the students who pass don't know very much about calculus and don't know how to use it. "The teaching of calculus is a national shame," says Lynn Steen, a past president of the Mathematical Association of America. "Too often calculus is taught by inexperienced instructors to ill-prepared students in an environment with insufficient feedback," he says.
Now a small group of educators has started a movement to change what is taught in an introductory calculus course, to improve the way it is taught and to bring the teaching of calculus into the computer age. Earlier this year, 25 faculty members, administrators, scientists, and others representing diverse interests met at Tulane University to see what could be done. One big surprise was the general agreement that there is room for change. Many of the participants brought worthwhile suggestions.
A key question is the role of handheld calculators and computers. For the price of a calculus textbook, students can buy a scientific calculator. "The first thing that one can do on that basis is to eliminate(消除) an awful lot of the routine problems," says mathematician Ronald Douglas. The ideas are still important, and instructors may need some of these techniques to show what is going on, he says, but drilling students in something that any calculator or computer can now do becomes much less important.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
??? Whether you've looking for a quick hotel in the city or an isolated resort in the tropics, where you choose to stay can make or break your vacation experience. But even the most seasoned travelers may not know the difference between the two main types of homes-away-from-home. Besides their first letter, is there any real difference between hotels and motels?
??? These two types of lodging (寄宿) have the same basic purpose—a place for travelers to sleep—but there are plenty of features that set them apart. For instance, they came to be for different reasons, and at very different times. The word "hotel" dates back to the 1600s and comes from a French word, hotel. That word, just like the English one, referred to a place that provides lodging, meals, entertainment, and other services for travelers.
牋 Motels, on the other hand, are a much more recent梐nd pretty much exclusively American條odging option. This word dates back to the 1920s and combines the words "hotel" and "motor". As America's major highway system developed, so did motels, filling the need for roadside stops for motorists traveling cross-country.
牋 There are also some smaller differences that can help you figure out which type of place you've in. Hotels tend to be built for longer stays, while motels are geared more for one-or-two-night stops along a journey. Because of this, hotels are much more likely to have offerings like lounges, gyms, and entertainment.
牋 So, in the end, it comes down to what you want from your trip and from your lodging. Want the place you stay to be just as much a part of your travel experience as anything else? Opt for a hotel. Just need a place to pop in and out of to shower and sleep? A motel might be the better choice.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
????We probably know that smoking is bad for our health. But what about e-cigarettes? Introduced as a "less-harmful or safer" alternative to smoking, e-cigarettes or "vaping" has gained increasing popularity. However, the Chinese government released a notice to ban the online sales of e-cigarettes from Nov. 1st and further reduce the young's access to the products.
牋牋This means that e-cigarette makers have to close their online stores and take down online advertisements for e-cigarettes. So far, some e-cigarette firms have closed sales links on their websites, and more than a dozen online stores have removed related products, Xinhua reported. This is not the first government measure to limit the use of e-cigarettes. In August 2018, e-cigarettes were banned from sale to people under the age of 18.
牋牋Research has shown that e-cigarette companies tend to target young people with their advertising campaigns, according to the State Tobacco Monopoly Administration. It's found that many firms have been misleading young buyers with messages like, "E-cigarettes could help you quit smoking," and, "E-cigarettes are healthy and harmless." Some even claim that vaping symbolizes "young," "fashionable" and "trendy" to attract the young. Michael Blaha, a researcher at the Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, also mentioned that a lower per-use cost than traditional cigarettes and a wide range of sweet flavors, like apple pie and watermelon, contribute to vaping's popularity among young people.
However, e-cigarettes contain nicotine (though not always), flavorings, and other chemicals, they are harmful to health. Taking in nicotine during youth can lead to addiction and cause long-term harm to brain development. Flavorings added to e-cigarettes can produce more harmful toxins after heating. Thus, it is advisable that the young should limit the exposure to e-cigarettes.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
1.答案：
Some people are convinced that GM crops may effectively help the world better prepare for the growing need for food. (要点 1) However, opponents voice their worry that GM crops will throw the ecosystem off balance, further causing harm to the human body. (要点 2) In fact, expectations and anxieties lead to the very opposite perspectives on bioengineering. (要点 3) Confronted with the considerable risks of GM crops, environmentalists will keep supervising the impact they exert on the ecosystem in the future. (要点 4)
2.答案：
Many people buy wrong gifts. Because they buy what they want to give, instead of what the receivers prefer. The value of the gifts is based on givers’ consideration rather than receivers’. The thoughtful present might be the worst. So we should buy gifts that allow for versatility which is the key to better gift giving.
3.答案：
Due to the requirements of their major, introductory calculus has become a compulsory course for nearly all college students.(要点 1) But a large number of college students find it challenging to pass and professors complain about students' poor performance and the current teaching method.(要点 2 ) A movement aimed at improving its teaching quality has been launched.(要点 3) Actually a scientific calculator can free the students from boring routine problems.(要点 4)
解析：
4.答案：
??? Motels and hotels have real differences other than their first letter in spelling. Although serving the same purpose of offering travelers a place to sleep, they have different features. Take their origin as an example, hotels appear much earlier than motels, which stem from the necessity to accommodate highway motorists. Another slight difference is that hotels are intended for longer stays and motels for shorter stops.?It's up to the travelers to decide which one they prefer.
5.答案：????Recently, e-cigarettes, which have gained growing popularity among the youth, have been banned from sale online in China. Therefore, sales of e-cigarettes have been shut down by the sellers in answer to the notice. Fake messages in the advertisements are misleading the young, claiming that e-cigarettes with various flavors are healthy, stylish and cheap. Actually, so harmful are e-cigarettes that the young should stay away from them. (67 words)
（11）概要写作
1. 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Some farmers and scientists feel that GM crops(转基因作物) can make the world a better place. If bioengineers can create crops that are resistant to insects, they won't have to worry about insects destroying plants. In the absence of insect damage, crops can grow to feed the poor and hungry. Genetic engineering can create plants with other desirable properties as well. Plants that don't require much water and can live even in times of drought, can help prevent the widespread starvation that would occur if people have nothing to eat. It's easy to see why many people believe that GM crops will help the world meet the difficult challenges that it will face as more and more people need to be fed.
But not everyone thinks bioengineering is a good idea. Other people are suspicious. They mistrust the claims made and don't believe that bioengineering is without risks. The possible dangers include harming the ecosystem, the interrelated community of plants and animals and bacteria that make up the Earth. They worry that changing plants can harm our environment, and damage to our surroundings can hurt us. Our danger is that GM crops can transfer(转移) their characteristics to other wild plants, making them more difficult to control.
Indeed, people hold very different opinions about bioengineering. While some people look forward to crops that will not go bad during the trip to the market, others worry that we will ruin our cropland and destroy what we are trying to save. While some people look forward to crops that can withstand droughts, others worry that contact with GM plants can pollute other crops, making them impure and unfit for use.
Thus, for people concerned with protecting our ecosystem, the risks are too high. Some ecologists remind us that our environment is made up of a web of interconnecting parts. They argue that the benefits of biotechnology are not as great as the risks. Over the coming years they will be watching and checking the effects of GM crops, monitoring whether there are any unexpected effects.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
During all kinds of holidays, millions of people will buy gifts for loved ones. This is a great thing but tons of those people will make the same mistake, and buy the wrong gift. What’s going on?
Gift buying has become a selfish deed. We don’t actually look for things people want to receive. Instead, and too many of our gifts’ harm, we tend to look for things that we want to give. It’s a subtle(微妙的), but pretty significant problem.
Research has shown that givers tend to value the gifts they buy considerably more than receivers. Gifts are valued about 10 to 33 percent less by receivers than what givers paid for them, Joel Waldfogel noted in Scroogenomics: Why You Shouldn抰 Buy Presents for the Holidays, his 2019 book on gift-giving.
The disagreement seems to come from a simple wrong belief that thoughtful presents are the best presents. They are not. In fact, they might be the worst presents. The more thought you put into a present, the more likely you are to get lost in buying what the person you’re buying the present for actually wants.
In other words, people let their gift-giving egos(自我)get in the way of great presents. Especially when the receiver is someone they want to show they know really well. Fortunately, the answer to our same insistence on guessing what people want is simple: stop it.
If that’s too hard, or impersonal, there’s another helpful rule. Instead of buying restrictive(限制的)gifts, like gift cards for specific stores, buy gifts that allow for flexibility, like gift cards that can be used more broadly(or better yet, cash). People tend to prefer gift cards to actual gifts, and cash to both, Steffel explained. Steffel抯 latest research, which focuses on gift card giving, points to exactly this point—that versatility(多用途) is the key to better gift giving.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
More than half a million students take an introductory calculus (微积分) course in any given year, and the number is growing. A large proportion have no choice. Calculus is a barrier that must be overcome on the way to a professional career in medicine or engineering. Even disciplines like history now sometimes require some college mathematics.
But for many people in the last few years who have passed through such a course, the word "calculus" brings back painful memories. In many universities about half of the students who take introductory calculus fail the course. A surprisingly large number must take the course several times to get through. At the same time, engineering and physical sciences professors complain that even the students who pass don't know very much about calculus and don't know how to use it. "The teaching of calculus is a national shame," says Lynn Steen, a past president of the Mathematical Association of America. "Too often calculus is taught by inexperienced instructors to ill-prepared students in an environment with insufficient feedback," he says.
Now a small group of educators has started a movement to change what is taught in an introductory calculus course, to improve the way it is taught and to bring the teaching of calculus into the computer age. Earlier this year, 25 faculty members, administrators, scientists, and others representing diverse interests met at Tulane University to see what could be done. One big surprise was the general agreement that there is room for change. Many of the participants brought worthwhile suggestions.
A key question is the role of handheld calculators and computers. For the price of a calculus textbook, students can buy a scientific calculator. "The first thing that one can do on that basis is to eliminate(消除) an awful lot of the routine problems," says mathematician Ronald Douglas. The ideas are still important, and instructors may need some of these techniques to show what is going on, he says, but drilling students in something that any calculator or computer can now do becomes much less important.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
??? Whether you've looking for a quick hotel in the city or an isolated resort in the tropics, where you choose to stay can make or break your vacation experience. But even the most seasoned travelers may not know the difference between the two main types of homes-away-from-home. Besides their first letter, is there any real difference between hotels and motels?
??? These two types of lodging (寄宿) have the same basic purpose—a place for travelers to sleep—but there are plenty of features that set them apart. For instance, they came to be for different reasons, and at very different times. The word "hotel" dates back to the 1600s and comes from a French word, hotel. That word, just like the English one, referred to a place that provides lodging, meals, entertainment, and other services for travelers.
牋 Motels, on the other hand, are a much more recent梐nd pretty much exclusively American條odging option. This word dates back to the 1920s and combines the words "hotel" and "motor". As America's major highway system developed, so did motels, filling the need for roadside stops for motorists traveling cross-country.
牋 There are also some smaller differences that can help you figure out which type of place you've in. Hotels tend to be built for longer stays, while motels are geared more for one-or-two-night stops along a journey. Because of this, hotels are much more likely to have offerings like lounges, gyms, and entertainment.
牋 So, in the end, it comes down to what you want from your trip and from your lodging. Want the place you stay to be just as much a part of your travel experience as anything else? Opt for a hotel. Just need a place to pop in and out of to shower and sleep? A motel might be the better choice.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
????We probably know that smoking is bad for our health. But what about e-cigarettes? Introduced as a "less-harmful or safer" alternative to smoking, e-cigarettes or "vaping" has gained increasing popularity. However, the Chinese government released a notice to ban the online sales of e-cigarettes from Nov. 1st and further reduce the young's access to the products.
牋牋This means that e-cigarette makers have to close their online stores and take down online advertisements for e-cigarettes. So far, some e-cigarette firms have closed sales links on their websites, and more than a dozen online stores have removed related products, Xinhua reported. This is not the first government measure to limit the use of e-cigarettes. In August 2018, e-cigarettes were banned from sale to people under the age of 18.
牋牋Research has shown that e-cigarette companies tend to target young people with their advertising campaigns, according to the State Tobacco Monopoly Administration. It's found that many firms have been misleading young buyers with messages like, "E-cigarettes could help you quit smoking," and, "E-cigarettes are healthy and harmless." Some even claim that vaping symbolizes "young," "fashionable" and "trendy" to attract the young. Michael Blaha, a researcher at the Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, also mentioned that a lower per-use cost than traditional cigarettes and a wide range of sweet flavors, like apple pie and watermelon, contribute to vaping's popularity among young people.
However, e-cigarettes contain nicotine (though not always), flavorings, and other chemicals, they are harmful to health. Taking in nicotine during youth can lead to addiction and cause long-term harm to brain development. Flavorings added to e-cigarettes can produce more harmful toxins after heating. Thus, it is advisable that the young should limit the exposure to e-cigarettes.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
1.答案：
Some people are convinced that GM crops may effectively help the world better prepare for the growing need for food. (要点 1) However, opponents voice their worry that GM crops will throw the ecosystem off balance, further causing harm to the human body. (要点 2) In fact, expectations and anxieties lead to the very opposite perspectives on bioengineering. (要点 3) Confronted with the considerable risks of GM crops, environmentalists will keep supervising the impact they exert on the ecosystem in the future. (要点 4)
2.答案：
Many people buy wrong gifts. Because they buy what they want to give, instead of what the receivers prefer. The value of the gifts is based on givers’ consideration rather than receivers’. The thoughtful present might be the worst. So we should buy gifts that allow for versatility which is the key to better gift giving.
3.答案：
Due to the requirements of their major, introductory calculus has become a compulsory course for nearly all college students.(要点 1) But a large number of college students find it challenging to pass and professors complain about students' poor performance and the current teaching method.(要点 2 ) A movement aimed at improving its teaching quality has been launched.(要点 3) Actually a scientific calculator can free the students from boring routine problems.(要点 4)
解析：
4.答案：
??? Motels and hotels have real differences other than their first letter in spelling. Although serving the same purpose of offering travelers a place to sleep, they have different features. Take their origin as an example, hotels appear much earlier than motels, which stem from the necessity to accommodate highway motorists. Another slight difference is that hotels are intended for longer stays and motels for shorter stops.?It's up to the travelers to decide which one they prefer.
5.答案：????Recently, e-cigarettes, which have gained growing popularity among the youth, have been banned from sale online in China. Therefore, sales of e-cigarettes have been shut down by the sellers in answer to the notice. Fake messages in the advertisements are misleading the young, claiming that e-cigarettes with various flavors are healthy, stylish and cheap. Actually, so harmful are e-cigarettes that the young should stay away from them. (67 words)