高考英语二轮语法复习：高考定语从句 (66张ppt)

(共66张PPT)
高中定语从句
学习目标
1.如何选择关系代词、关系副词
2.如何区分限制性、非限制性定语从句
难点：介词+关系词
易错点：辨析定语从句、缺成分、关系词的选用
CONTENTS
定语及定语从句相关概念
1
关系代词
2
关系副词
3
4
习题
目录
a
clever/handsome
boy
the
book
on
the
desk
They
will
fly
to
Washington,
where
they
plan
to
stay
for
two
or
three
days.
识别定语
定语从句
（1）从句作定语，用于修饰名词或代词（即先行词）
（2）关系词：引导定语从句，指代先行词，在句子充当一定成分。
起点：定语从句始于关系词；介词+关系词
终点：定语从句截止于第二个谓语动词前；特殊符号；句末
划分定语从句
You
can
click
here
to
enter
your
text.
You
can
click
here
to
enter
your
text.
ADD
TITLE
You
can
click
here
to
enter
your
text.
You
can
click
here
to
enter
your
text.
ADD
TITLE
The
man
who
is
shaking
hands
with
my
father
is
a
policeman.
who
is
shaking
hands
with
my
father
是定语从句
修饰先行词
the
man
who是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the
man,在定语从句中作主语
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关系代词
先行词（被修饰的词）
在定语从句中的成分
that
人/物
主语
宾语
which
物
主语
宾语
who
人
主语
宾语
whom
人
宾语
whose
人/物
定语
as
人/物
主语
宾语
关系词
三个作用：
引导定语从句；
代替先行词；
在定语从句中担当一个成分
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（2017
北京）The
little
problems
_____
we
meet
in
our
daily
lives
may
be
inspirations
for
great
inventions.
A
→
A.that
B.as
C.where
D.when
1.关系代词that
引导
指人或物,作主语或者宾语，作宾语时可以省略。
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A
plane
is
a
machine
that
can
fly.
Who
is
the
man
that
is
reading
a
book
over
there?
指物，作主语或者宾语，作宾语时可以省略
However,
there
are
still
two
other
sharks
which
are
fierce.
The
fish(which)
we
bought
this
morning
were
not
fresh.
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2.关系代词which引导
Around
me
in
the
picture
are
the
things
were
very
important
in
my
life
at
that
time,
car
magazines
and
musical
instruments.
（2017新课标III）
that/which
(2012
江西）By
16:30,
____
was
almost
closing
time,
nearly
all
the
paintings
had
been
sold.
A.which
B.when
C.what
D.that
A
综合习题
只用that不用which
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1.人+物
Ann
talked
about
the
people
and
things
_____
moved
her
greatly
during
her
stay
there.
（2011北京高二检测）
that
只用that不用which(了解）
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2.不定代词：all,
little,
much,
none,
one，复合不定代词（或被不定代词修饰时）
I
refuse
to
accept
the
blame
for
something
that
was
someone
else’s
fault.
（2010全国II）
3.先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级或
the
only,
the
very,
the
right等修饰
This
is
the
best
novel
____
I
have
ever
read.
只用that不用which(了解）
that
只用which不用that
1.
非限制性定语从句
2.
介词
+
which
3
关系代词who引导
（1）指人，在定语从句中作主语
也可以作宾语，但前边不能有介词
I’ve
become
good
friends
with
several
of
the
students
in
my
school
who
I
met
in
the
English
speech
contest
last
year.
（2010湖南）
(2012
浙江）Ellen
was
a
painter
of
birds
and
of
nature,
_____
,
for
some
reason,
had
withdrawn
from
all
human
society.
A.which
B.who
C.where
D.
whom
B
→
指人，作宾语
She
is
the
girl
who/
whom
I
will
go
to
Shanghai
with.
→She
is
the
girl
with
whom
I
will
go
to
Shanghai.
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4.关系代词whom
引导
人或物，作定语
指物时，相当于of
which
Look
out!
Don’t
get
too
close
to
the
house
whose
roof
is
under
repair.
（2006福建）
A
person
whose
e-mail
account
is
full
won’t
be
able
to
send
or
receive
any
e-mails.
（2009天津）
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5.关系代词whose
引导
whose前后的词都是名词哟，它们都有所属关系
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(2017
天津）My
eldest
son,
_______work
takes
him
all
over
the
world,
is
in
New
York
at
the
moment.
A.that
B.whose
C.his
D.
who
B
6.As的用法
（1）such...as...
These
houses
are
sold
at
such
a
low
price
as
people
expected.
（2000上海春）
（2）the
same...as...
He
is
not
the
same
man
as
he
was.
区分"the
same...as"与"the
same....that"：两者都引导定语从句。
that从句中说明的名词与the
same修饰的名词是同一个。
as从句中说明的名词与the
same修饰的名词是同一类，而非同一个。
举例：①This
is
the
same
pen
that
I
lost.
这支钢笔就是我丢的那一支。
②This
is
the
same
pen
as
I
lost.
这支钢笔跟我丢的那支笔一模一样。)
（3）so/as...as...
I?have?never?seen?as?beautiful?flowers?as?you?have.
No
period
in
history
has
had
as
many
important
changes
as
have
taken
place
in
the
past
century.
It’s
so
heavy
a
box
as
no
one
can
lift.
先行词为物so
heavy
a
box，as作宾语
此时应注意as引导的定语从句和结果状语从句such
/
so…that…
的区分
It’s
so
heavy
a
box
that
no
one
can
lift
it.
结果状语从句so…
that…
如此…
以至于…
He
is
such
a
good
student
as
is
liked
by
everyone.
(定语从句，as在从句中作主语)
He
is
such
a
good
student
that
he
is
liked
by
everyone.
（结果状语从句such…that…）
that在从句中不充当任何成分，故不是定语从句，而是结果状语从句
(4)
引导非限制性定语从句
As
is
often
the
case
with
children,
Amy
was
better
by
the
time
the
doctor
arrived.
（2013四川）
固定句型：as多用于以下固定句型：
as
is
often
the
case这是常有的事
as
is
known
to
all众所周知
as
was
expected不出所料
as
has
been
said
before如上所述
as
is
mentioned
above正如上面所提到的
as
we
expected不出所料
as
often
happens正如经常发生的那样
综合习题
A.it
B.which
C.what
D.as
(2015
江苏）The
number
of
smokers,
_____
is
reported,
has
dropped
by
17
percent
in
just
one
year.
D
综合习题
A
（2016.北京）I
live
next
door
to
a
couple
___children
often
make
a
lot
of
noise.
A.whose
B.why
C.
where
D.which
Maybe
you
leave
a
habit
____________is
driving
your
family
crazy.
（2014新课标I）
that/which
Everybody
sleeps
in
tents,
is
very
exciting.
（2006福建）
which
(2015全国卷Ⅰ）I’d
skipped
nearby
Guilin,
a
dream
place
for
tourists
seeking
the
limestone
mountain
tops
and
dark
waters
of
the
Li
River
__________
are
pictured
by
artists
in
so
many
Chinese
paintings.
which/that
关系副词
（1）代替先行词
（2）担任状语
关系副词
1.关系副词when
引导
作时间状语，先行词表时间day
year
time等
Do
you
remember
the
afternoon
when
we
first
met
three
years
ago?
=
in
which
(2011
江苏）Between
the
two
parts
of
the
concert
is
an
interval,
____
the
audience
can
buy
ice-cream.
A.when
B.where
C.that
D.which
A
2.关系副词where
引导
作地点状语，先行词表地点place，
house等
Mozart's
birthplace
and
the
house
where
he
composed
“The
Magic
Flute”
are
both
museums
now.
=in
which
Where
还可以修饰抽象名词case（情况）、situation（情形）、position（位置）、
stage（阶段）、
point
（地步）
（2015浙江）Creating
an
atmosphere
______
employees
feel
part
of
a
team
is
a
big
challenge.
C
注意
in
which/where
3.关系副词why引导(考得较少）
作原因状语，先行词是
reason
The
reason
why
he
was
late
was
that
he
missed
his
train.
=for
which
4.介词+关系代词
关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语时，介词常可以提前，但介词提前时，关系代词只能用which
或
whom
The
gentleman
about
whom
you
told
me
yesterday
proved
to
be
a
thief.
（2000上海春）
(tell
sb
about
sb)
We
saw
several
natives
advancing
towards
our
party,
and
one
of
them
came
up
to
us,
______
we
gave
some
bells
and
glasses.
（2006湖南）
A.
to
which
B.
to
whom
C.
with
whom
D.
with
which
B
There
are
two
aspects
about
In
the
Name
of
the
People
to
_______
we
should
pay
attention.
(2018贵州安顺)
先行词是In
the
Name
of
the
People，因直接在介词后，只能填which。
which
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限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
①
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限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
②that不能引导非限制性定语从句
③在非限制性定语从句中，which可以指代整个主句内容
The
prize
will
go
to
the
writer
whose
story
shows
the
most
imagination.
（2012全国I）
（限定性定语从句）
The
school
shop,
whose
customers
are
mainly
students,
is
closed
few
the
holidays.
（2011四川）
（非限定性定语从句）
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(2014
北京）I
borrowed
the
book
Sherlock
Holmes
from
the
library
last
week,
____
my
classmates
recommended
to
me.
A.who
B.which
C.when
D.where
B
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关系代词
修饰人
修饰物
既修饰人又修饰物
关系副词
时间
地点
原因
1.
But
Sarah,
________
has
taken
part
in
shows
along
with
top
models,
wants
to
prove
that
she
has
brains
as
well
as
beauty.
（2017新课标III）
2.Like
anything,
it
is
possible
to
have
too
much
of
both,
________
is
not
good
for
the
health.
（2017新课标I）
who
which
综合习题
(2015广东)When
harvest
came
round,
he
was
already
selling
herbs,
vegetables
and
cotten
in
the
market
______
people
from
the
towns
met
regularly.
where
1.
In
their
spare
time,
they
are
interested
in
planting
vegetables
in
their
garden,
that
is
on
the
rooftop
of
their
house.
（2017新课标II）
2.One
day
I
saw
a
second-hand
bicycle,
that
was
only
one
hundred
yuan.
（2009辽宁）
which
which
练
模
拟
操
一、语法填空
1.
(2018湖北黄冈)
You
want
only
the
best
for
yourselves,
_______
is
the
source
of
your
problems.
非限制性定语从句,
先行词是前面整个句子，故用which。
which
2.
(2018河南安阳)
Many
pieces
of
beautiful
pottery(陶器)were
discovered
in
Luoyang,
Henan
Province,
_______
there
were
a
few
tombs
of
the
Tang
Dynasty,
when
a
railway
was
in
the
process
of
being
constructed
in
1899.
先行词是Luoyang，并在定语从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。
where
3.
(2018河南诊调)
Filled
with
countless
illustrations
(插图)and
photographs
that
accompany
facts
______
are
short
and
to-the-point,
the
book
gives
a
rather
detailed
but
short
history
of
the
field
of
science.
先行词是facts，先行词是物时用which
或that,
但为了避免重复,
用which为宜。
which
4.
(2018河北张家口)
The
first
one
looked
at
the
survey
data
___________
was
collected
from
210,000
participants
of
all
ages
from
nearly
100
countries.
修饰前面的data。
5.
(2018河北石家庄)
I
used
my
phone
to
call
a
taxi
to
meet
my
Chinese
friend,
Gu
Yu,
______
would
guide
me
to
get
around
Beijing.
补充说明先行词Gu
Yu。
that/which
who
6.
(2018河北唐山)The
Huangshan
pines
are
a
uniquely
classified
tree
species,
________don’t
grow
in
the
earth,
but
are
rooted
in
steep
cliffs
(悬崖).
先行词是tree
species，引导非限制性定语从句不能填that。
which
8.
(2018贵州贵阳)The
festival
traditionally
begins
on
the
first
day
of
the
first
month
in
the
Chinese
calendar
and
ends
with
the
Lantern
Festival
___________
is
on
the
15th
day.
修饰前面的the
Lantern
Festival。
9.21.
(2018广东佛山)
Then,
with
the
taste
of
China
in
my
mouth,
I
returned
to
Beijing
as
an
exchange
student
in
2014,
___________
I
fell
in
love
with
this
city.
可看作定语从句，先行词是2014，在从句中作状语，用when；也可以看作是并列句。
which/that
when/and
10.
(2018广东汕头)
With
it
going
on
sale
in
China
in
October,
it
is
now
facing
competition
from
many
local
brands,
most
of
________
have
similar
phones
sold
at
much
lower
prices.
先行词是brands,
因前面有介词,
只能用which,
不能填that。
which
11.
(2018广东肇庆)
One
of
my
school
friends
Sandhya
used
to
stay
in
Subhas
Nagar,
______
was
situated
in
a
little
lower
area
across
the
railway
line.
先行词Subhas
Nagar虽是地点，但在非限制性定语从句中作主语，只能用which。
which
12.
(2018广东东莞)
In
the
past,
tea
drinking
took
place
in
a
setting
_______
“spring
water
runs
on
marble”.
因setting表地点，且在从句中作状语，故用where。
13.
(2018广东东莞)
Behind
the
popularity
of
emojis
(表情符号)is
the
rise
of
young
people
__________
welcome
new
technology
and
new
inventions.
先行词是young
people并在从句中作主语。
who/that
where
14.
(2018福建三明)
I
was
moved
to
tears
when
I
got
a
photo
album
from
my
parents,
_______
reminded
me
of
my
happy
childhood.
先行词是a
photo
album，引导非限制性定语从句只能用which，不能填that。
which
15.
(2018安徽六安)
We’re
often
told
to
“eat
a
rainbow”
and
we
aim
for
the
very
guideline
_____
says
the
more
color
a
food
has,
the
better
it
is.
修饰guideline,
因先行词被the
very修饰,
故用that。
16.
(2018安徽毫州市)My
dad
was
a
quiet
man,
______
never
bought
or
borrowed
anything
unless
he
could
afford
it.
先行词是a
quiet
man，非限制性定语从句(不能填that)。
that
who
19.
(2018湖北孝感)
China
has
more
than
271
million
online
consumers
every
year,
_______
made
the
express
delivery
extremely
difficult
in
the
following
few
days.
非限制性定语从句(不能填that)，补充说明前面的主句。
which
20.
(2018湖北襄阳)
While
in
Sweden
and
Austria,
________
there
are
strict
laws
about
advertising
during
children’s
programs,
there
is
only
one
food
per
hour.
先行词是Sweden
and
Austria，在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语。
where
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