(共65张PPT)
八年级下语法重点
现在完成时
被动语态
不多也不少
1、定义
2、常见被动语态的时态变化
3、特殊情况
Let's
watch
a
movie.
In
the
movie
clip,
the
man
wanted
to
help
the
horse,
but
the
zombie
ate
the
man.
分析主谓宾成分
The
man
helped
the
horse.
The
zombie
killed
the
man.
改变主语
The
man
helped
the
horse.
The
zombie
killed
the
man.
so？
何为主动，何为被动？
被动语态：
化主动为被动--反客为主
将主语变成宾语
The
man
helped
the
horse.
The
zombie
killed
the
man.
let's
do
some
exercises.
1.
Good
books
____
again
and
again.
A.
should
be
readed
B.
should
be
read
C.
must
read
D.
ought
to
read
2.
The
children
____
by
the
nurse.
A.
were
looked
B.
looked
after
C.
were
looked
after
D.
looked
3.
He
___
some
pieces
of
advice,
but
he
____
to
them.
A.
gave,
didn't
listen
B.
was
given,
wasn't
listened
C.
give,
wasn't
listened
D.
was
given,
didn't
listen
4.
When____
the
accident
_____
?
A.
was,
happen
B.
did,
happen
C.
is,
happen
D.
was,
happened
5.
The
question
____
by
us
soon.
A.
is
going
to
discuss
B.
will
discuss
C.
is
going
to
be
discussed
D.
has
been
discussed
被动语态有多少种时态？
2、
中考八大时态
三一般
三过去
两现在
一般现在时：
一般过去时：
情态动词：
一般将来时：
现在进行时：
现在完成时：
过去进行时：
S+am/is
/are
+done
S+was/were
+done
S+
can/may/must/should
+
be+
done
S+
will+be+
done
S+
am/is/are
+
being
+
done
S+
have/has
+
been+
done
S+
was/were+being+
done
三、被动语态的结构
被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样中考英语单选题中最常考的有：?
His
brother
washes
face
every
day.
1.一般现在时的被动语态：
His
brother
washes
face
every
day.
主
谓
宾
Face
is
washed
(by
his
brother
)
every
day.
1.一般现在时的被动语态：
2.They
make
shoes
in
that
factory.
Shoes
are
made
(by
them)
in
that
factory.
结构：am/is
/are
+过去分词
Exercises:
1)
They
play
football
on
Sunday.
2)
Lucy
does
the
homework
in
the
evening.
Football
is
played
by
them
on
Sunday.
The
homework
is
done
by
Lucy
in
the
evening.
He
looked
after
the
little
baby
yesterday.
3.
一般过去时：
was/were
+V.(p.p)
He
looked
after
the
little
baby
yesterday.
The
little
baby
was
looked
after
by
him
yesterday
.
3.
一般过去时：
was/were
+V.(p.p)
Exercises:
They
built
the
tall
building
last
year.
He
took
good
care
of
his
little
brother
yesterday.
The
tall
building
was
built
by
them
last
year.
His
little
brother
was
taken
good
care
of
by
him
yesterday.
They
will
finish
the
work
in
ten
days.
The
work
will
be
finished
(by
them)
in
ten
days.
一般将来时：will
+
be
+过去分词
4.一般将来时：
Exercises:
We
will
have
a
sports
meeting
next
week.
Children
will
take
some
photos
in
the
schoolyard
tomorrow.
Exercises:
We
will
have
a
sports
meeting
next
week.
Children
will
take
some
photos
in
the
schoolyard
tomorrow.
A
sports
meeting
will
be
had
(by
us
)
next
week.
Some
photos
will
be
taken
(by
children
)
in
the
schoolyard
tomorrow.
5．含有情态动词的：
情态动词+
be+过去分词
Amy
can
take
good
care
of
Gina
．
Gina
can
be
taken
good
care
of
by
Amy.
1)
He
can
take
care
of
the
baby.
2)
Lucy
may
draw
the
pictures.
The
baby
can
be
taken
care
of
by
him.
The
picture
may
be
drawn
by
Lucy.
Exercises:
6.现在进行时：
Some
workers
are
painting
the
rooms
now．
The
rooms
are
being
painted
by
some
workers
now.
现在进行时：am/is/are
+
being
+V（p.p)
I
was
doing
my
homework
at
8:00
last
night．
My
homework
was
being
done
(by
me)
at
8:00
last
night.
过去进行时：was/were+being+V(p.p)
7.
过去进行时：
We
have
made
twenty
more
keys．
Twenty
more
keys
have
been
made
by
us.
现在完成时:have/has
+
been
+
V.(p.p)
8.现在完成时：
一般现在时：
一般过去时：
情态动词：
一般将来时：
现在进行时：
现在完成时：
过去进行时：
S+am/is
/are
+done
S+was/were
+done
S+
can/may/must/should
+
be+
done
S+
will+be+
done
S+
am/is/are
+
being
+
done
S+
have/has
+
been+
done
S+
was/were+being+
done
中考例题
1.?Zhou?Enlai?______?for?many?years,?he?still?lives?in?
the?hearts?of?Chinese?people.?
??A.?died????B.?was?died???C.?has?been?dead??D.?has?been?died??
2.??Miss?Brown,?we?______?cleaning?our?classroom.?
Can?you?go?home?now????
A.?finish???B.?finishing???C.?are?finished??D.?have?finished??
3.Look,?so?many?people?are?running?out?of?the?station.
?I?wonder?what?______.???
A.?is?happened??B.?was?happening?
C.?is?happening??D.?had?happened??
4.?Since?2020,?nobody
has
gone
to
work
due
to
the
virus.?
Everything?______.??
?A.?is?changed??
B.?was?changed??
C.?had?changed??D.?has?changed??
5.?—The?food?looked?bad,?but?it?______?great.?
—So?we?can’t?judge?a?man?by?his?appearance.?
?A.?is?tasted???B.?tasted???C.?was?tasted??D.?taste??
6.?This?listening?material,?together?with?its?CD-ROMs,?______?well.???
A.?sells????B.?sell????C.?is?sold???D.?are?sold??
7.?Excuse?me.?I’m?looking?for?Be?the?Best?of?Yourself.
—Sorry.?The?book?you?ask?for?______?out.?
?A.?is?selling???B.?is?sold???C.?was?selling??D.?will?be?sold
“书卖得好”是主动表被动哦
lesson
2
1.(2015·贺州第37题)
Chinese
by
more
and
more
people
around
the
world.
A.spoken
B.
is
spoken
C.spoke
D.
speak
2.(2016·河池第36题)
Your
name
on
your
test
paper
correctly.
A.
wrote
B.
must
write
C.
will
write
D.
must
be
written
3.(2018·贵港第43题)
Children
under
12
years
old
ride
sharing
bikes.
It's
too
dangerous.
A.shouldn't
allow
to
B.
shouldn't
allow
C.
shouldn't
be
allowed
to
D.
shouldn't
be
allowed
4.(2018·贺州第38题)
Our
classroom
is
very
clean
and
tidy
because
it
every
day.
A.
cleans
B.
cleaned
C.was
cleane
D.
is
cleaned
5.(2018·梧州第34题)-
Your
hometown
is
beautiful,
and
the
air
is
really
fresh.
-Yes.
Many
trees
and
flowers
around
here
every
year.
A.
plant
B.
are
planted
C
was
planted
D.
will
plant
review
常考被动语态及构成
2.当动词带有复合宾语(有宾补),
并且宾补是省去“to”的动词不定式时，在被动语态中应加上“to”。（即：主动省to，被动加上to。）
e.g.
They
make
us
do
all
the
work.
被动句：We
are
made
to
do
all
the
work
by
them.
e.g.
We
often
hear
her
sing
songs.
被动句：She
is
often
heard
to
sing
songs
by
us.
e.g.
I
saw
him
walk
to
school.
被动句：He
was
seen
to
walk
to
school
by
me.
这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to
离开，被动句中to回
来。
（常考词有：make,
see,
hear,
feel,
watch,
notice
等。)
3.当动词带双宾语时(一个宾语是指人，一个是指物)，将其中指人的宾语提前作被动句的主语时，另一个宾语按顺序照抄下来；如是将指物的宾语提前作被动句的主语，在被动句中则指人宾语前应加“to”或“for”
。
常见加to的动词有:
give，send,
teach，write,
show,
pass,
ask,
tell
…
常见加for的动词有:
make,
buy
draw
e.g.
He
gives
me
a
flower
everyday.
被动1：
I
am
given
a
flower
by
him
everyday.
被动2：
A
flower
is
given
to
me
by
him
everyday.
e.g.
My
mother
bought
me
a
computer.
被动1：
I
was
bought
a
computer
by
my
mother
.
被动2：
A
computer
was
bought
for
me
by
my
mother
.
we
were
given
were
given
to
us
4.
系动词没有被动形式，主动形式表被动意义。
常见的有taste（尝起来），
sound
（听起来），
feel（摸起来），
look（看起来），smell（闻起来）等.
例如：?
1)
The
apple
tastes
good.
2)The
song
sounds
gentle.
5.
有些动词如:sell（卖），
wash（洗），
write
(写）等与副词well（好），
easily（容易地）等连用
，描绘事物的特性，用主动表被动。例如：
1)The
coat
washes
easily.
2)The
books
sell
well.
(变被动语态）
are
used
are
cleaned
Were
many
trees
planted
Must
be
finished
was
asked
is
done
6.
使用被动语态应注意的几个问题：
1.
不及物动词无被动语态。
2.
有些动词（如：系动词look，smell，taste，sound，feel)用主动形式表示被动意义。还有一些不及物动词，常用主动语态，与well,
easily等词连用，含有被动意义，如：read,
write,
draw,
sell,
wash,
cook,
clean等。
eg:
This
pen
writes
well.
This
new
book
sells
well.
3.
感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to
，但变为被动语态时，须加上to
。
eg：make
sb
do
sth→sb+
be
+made
to
do
sth
see
sb
do
sth→sb
+be
+seen
to
do
sth
表示“发生，进行”之类不及物动词如：happen，take
place，
break
out，go
on，
go
by，
move
on等，以主动式表示被动含义。例如：
You'd
better
wait
and
see
what
happens
to
him.你最好等着瞧他会发生什么事。
Over
500
people
were
working
in
the
building
when
the
fire
broke
out
on
the
11th
floor.大楼的第11层着火时，有500多人正在那幢楼上工作。
Will
the
weather
last
long?
这种天气会持续很久吗？
But
many
months
went
by
and
no
one
visited
the
island.可是一连许多月过去了，竟没有人来光顾这个岛屿。
was
made
to
have
can
be
used
7.
有少数及物动词（do,
owe欠
，cook,
print,
build）等，常用进行时态表示被动意思。例如：
The
meat
is
cooking.
肉正在煮。
The
book
is
printing.书在印刷中。
练习：
1.Many
people
speak
English.
2.They
made
computers
in
the
U.S.A.
3.People
used
knives
for
cutting
things.
4.People
used
metal
for
making
machines.
5.They
produce
silk
in
Suzhou
and
Hangzhou.
6.They
speak
English
in
Canada.
7.They
write
business
letters
in
English.
8.They
grow
rice
in
South
China.
9.They
plant
many
trees
in
North
China.
10.Lu
Xun
wrote
this
book.
11.The
workers
built
some
bridges.
12.We
can
use
the
box
as
a
table.
13.We
should
clean
the
classroom
everyday
三、.在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，可用在作文作为过渡。例如：
据说……
It
is
said
that
…
据报导……
It
is
reported
that
…
据推测……
It
is
supposed
that
…
希望……
It
is
hoped
that
…
众所周知……
It
is
well
known
that
…
普遍认为……
It
is
generally
considered
that
…
有人建议……
It
is
suggested
that
…
1)
It
is
reported
that
it
is
going
to
rain
tomorrow.
2)
It
is
well
known
that
Thomas
Edison
invented
the
electric
lamp.
总结：易错清单?
1.?主动结构表被动?
(1)open,lock,write,read,sell,wash,cut,burn,drive等词作不及物动词时,它们的主语为物,可以用主动语态表被动意义。如:?
Mo?Yan's?novels?sell?well.?莫言的小说很好卖(销路好)。?
(2)表示感觉的连系动词如feel,look,smell,sound,taste等后跟表语时,总是用其主动结构表达被动意义,它们不能用于被动语态。如:?
The?table?feels?smooth.?这张桌子摸起来很光滑。?
=The?library?needs?to?be?cleaned.?图书馆需要打扫了。?
(3)在be?worth?doing中,doing表被动意义。??
The?book?is?well?worth?reading.?这本书很值得一读。
(4)want/need/require+doing相当于want/need/?require?+to?be?done。如:?The?library?needs?cleaning.?
He
wants
his
feelings
could
be
known
to
his
parents.
2.?不用被动语态的情况?
(1)当谓语是表示状态或特征的及物动词时,不用被动语态。这样的及物动词有have,become,cost,reach,sell,arrive,fit,hold,own,suit等。如:?
We?have?a?good?teacher.?我们有一位好老师。?
The?classroom?holds?80?students.?这间教室容纳80个学生。
1.
(2018·浙江宁波·30)?I?heard?that?Line?1?of?Ningbo?Subway?
last?month.?
A.?was?tested
B.?is?tested
?C.?tests?
D.?tested
2.(2018·湖北孝感·38)Many?trees?
?on?the?streets?every?year.?
So?the?air?is?very?fresh?now.??
A.?plant?
B.?are?planted?
C.?planted?
D.?were?planted
3.(2018·湖南益阳·30)The?sports?meeting???
??next?month.??
A.?will
have?
B.?is?going?to?hold??
C.?will?be?held
4.Thanks?to?the?Internet,
different?kinds?of?information
in?a?short?time.????
A.?can?be?learned
B.?has?been?learned????
C.?can?learn
5.Dry?straw?______easily?in?fall,?so?be?careful?not?to?smoke?here.
A?burns????B?is?burned????C?is?burning???D?has?burned
6.
This?type?of?car?_______in?Germany,?and?it?______really?well.?
A?makes;?sells????B?is?made;?is?sold????
C?makes;?is?sold???D?is?made;?sells.
7.This?kind?of?toy?_____(look)?really?nice.?I?will?take?one.?
8.Great?changes?________(take?place)?in?my?hometown?in?the?
past?few?years.?
looks
have
taken
place
8.In?many?places?in?China,?the?old?over?90?_____not?only?by?the?
family?but?also?by?the?government.?
A?is?taking?care?of??????
???B?are?taken?care?good?care?of??
C?is?taking?good?care???????D?are?taken?good?care
9.
The?students?in?this?school?are?made?______school?uniforms?
on?Monday.?
A?to?wear???B?wearing????C?wear?????D?worn
四、作文·
一、随着经济的持续发展，我们家乡这些年来发生了巨大的变化，请以“The
Changes
to
My
Hometown”为题，写一篇80词左右的小短文，提示如下：
1.
过去是个安静的地方，没什么污染，人们去城镇主要是骑车或步行
2.
情况发生了很大变化，人多得多了，树变少了，环境没有以前好了
3.
一个新的机场从两年前开始投入使用，人们交通更快更方便了
4.
变化带来许多好处，但也引起许多问题
5.
大多数年轻人还是感到高兴，因为他们更喜欢现代化的生活
The
Changes
to
My
Hometown
With
the
development
of
economy,
great
changes
have
taken
place
in
my
hometown
over
these
years.
My
hometown
used
to
be
a
quiet
place
and
there
was
no
pollution.
People
often
went
to
the
town
by
bike
or
on
foot.
But
now
the
situation
has
changed
a
lot.
The
trees
are
being
cut
down.The
environment
is
worse
than
before
because
of
too
many
people.
A
new
station
has
been
in
use
since
two
years
ago.
The
transport
is
faster
and
more
convenient.
These
changes
also
caused
many
problems.
But
most
young
people
feel
happy.
Because
they
like
modern
city
life
better.
