牛津译林中考英语二轮专题复习：动词不定式专题课件(共49张PPT)

(共49张PPT)
定义
结构
用法
动词不定式
定义
动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语，但它仍保持动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语。
结构
肯定：
to
+
V.原
或者
(to)+
V.原
否定：not/never
+
(to)
+
V.原
He
likes
to
read
novels.
I
saw
him
come.
We
decided
not
to
buy
that
house.
4)
It
is
interesting
to
fly
a
kite.
5)
Please
let
him
not
go
there.
用法
lesson
1
做主语
作宾语
作宾补
lesson
2
作表语
作定语
做状语
时态与语态
To
be
or
not
to
be,that's
a
question.
作主语
To
hear
your
voice
is
so
nice.
To
study
hard
is
very
important.
It
is
so
nice
to
hear
your
voice.
It
is
very
important
to
study
hard.
不定式作主语时，通常用it作形式主语，
把真正的主语放在后面。
注意:
1、It
is
+adj.
for/
of
sb.
to
do
sth.
不定式做主语
谓语动词用单数
It
+be
+
adj.
+for/of
sb.
to
do
sth.
for:
adj.多为描述不定式行为的特征
（important/
necessary
/
interesting
等.）
of:
adj.
多为
描述主语的品质特征
（kind
/
nice
/
friendly
/
wise
/
foolish
等.）
作主语
It
is
easy
_______
her
to
learn
English
well.
It
is
clever
________
you
to
solve
the
problem.
of
for
2、It
takes
sb.
some
time
to
do
sth.
It
takes
me
three
hours
to
finish
the
homework
every
day.
作主语
我每天花去三个小时完成家庭作业。
I
spend
three
hours
finishing
the
homework
every
day.
3、It
is
+
n.
(for
sb)
to
do
sth.
It
is
my
pleasure
to
help
you
with
your
English.
作主语
4、用在谚语中
To
see
is
to
believe.
To
say
is
easy,
but
to
do
is
hard.
作主语
1、It
is
necessary
______us
to
learn
to
wait.
(of/for)
2、It
was
careless
______me
to
break
the
cup
.
（of/for)
3、It
took
them
1,000
yuan
_________this
table.
(buy)
4、It
is
my
pleasure
_________
the
box
for
you.
(carry)
to
buy
for
of
to
carry
练习
5、轮到我们打扫教室了。
It
is
our
turn_________________________
6、To
waste
time
is
to
shorten
life.
（翻译成中文）
to
clean
the
classroom.
浪费时间就是浪费生命。
提升练习
中考链接
1、It’s
a
good
habit
________
a
walk
after
dinner.
A.
to
come
B.
to
be
C.
to
take
D.
to
go
C
中考链接
(沈阳中考)
It’s
________
rather
cold.
I
shall
put
my
jacket
on.
A.
starting
B.
to
get
C.
getting
D.
to
start
–(扬州中考)
What
________
your
English
teacher
look
like?
-She
is
quite
slim.
A.
do
B.
is
C.
does
D.
was
(2017贵州黔西南)
Tomorrow?is?Saturday.?Would?you?like?to?go?cycling?
with?me??
--
.?
????A.?I?like?it?very?much.?????B.?Yes,?I?would.?????
C.?Sure,?I'?d?love?to.????
?D.?I?think?so.?
C
C
C
1、动词+
to
do
sth.
常用动词有：
want
/
wish
/
like
/
would
like
/
hope
/
plan
/
try
/
decide
/
learn
/
need
/
agree
/
begin
/
start
/
forget
/
remember
/
manage
/
seem
/
fail/
manage/
promise等
1、I
hope
to
finish
it
tomorrow
.
2、She
plans
to
go
and
teach
in
the
country.
作宾语
决定
学习
(有)
希望，
设法
拒绝
想
假装
主动
答应
选
计划，
同意
请求
帮一帮
2、动词＋疑问词+to
do
I
don’t
know____________
next.
She
can’t
decide_________________.
作宾语
2、她不能决定买哪本书。
1、我不知道接下来该做什么。
what
to
do
which
book
to
buy
=She
can’t
decide
which
book
she
should
buy.
3、主语+谓语+it+
adj./n.
+to
do
作宾语
常见的谓语动词：
find,
think,
consider,
feel,
make等
The
dusty
air
makes
it
difficult
to
get
a
clear
picture
of
space.
大气中的尘埃使人难以获取太空的清晰图像。
我认为学好英语很重要
I
think
it
important
to
learn
English
well.
1、Don’t
forget
_________________.(关灯)
2、I
happened
________when
he
called
me.
（出去）
3、I
don’t
want________________.
(依赖别人）
4、Sam
is
learning________________.
(怎样开车）
5、We
promise
__________
the
environment.(保护)
to
turn
off
the
light
to
go
out
to
depend
on
others
how
to
drive
a
car
提升练习
to
protect
(·济南中考)
It’s
a
good
habit
________
a
walk
after
dinner.
A.
to
come
B.
to
be
C.
to
take
D.
to
go
C
中考链接
C
C
B
(·绵阳中考)
Please
don’t
forget
________
the
room
while
I
am
away
in
Beijing.
A.
clean
B.
to
clean
C.
cleaned
D.
cleaning
(·泸州中考)
Mum
knows
make
a
banana
milk
shake.
A.
how
B.
what
to
C.
how
to
D.
which
to
(·北京中考)
The
teacher
asked
Ben
_______
a
difficult
question
in
class.
A.
answer
B.
answering
C.
to
answer
D.
answered
Don’t
you
think
_______
important
to
protect
our
earth?
A.
that
B.
how
C.
it
D.
this
C
1、动词
+
宾语（sb./sth.)
+
to
do
sth.
作宾补-对宾语进行补充说明
She
asked
me
to
help
her.
The
teacher
told
him
to
come
on
time.
Edison’s
mother
taught
him
to
read
and
write.
常用的动词有：ask,
allow,
advise,
want
tell,
order,
teach,
expect等
动词多为感官动词、使动词。
一感：feel
二听：hear,
listen
to
三使：make,
let,
have
四看：see,
notice,
watch,
look
at
John’s
mother
makes
him
play
the
piano
every
day.
2、动词+宾语+不带to的不定式
Mr.
Wei
can
always
see
students
talk
in
the
class.
1、Let
him
_______
the
work
at
once.
(finish
/
to
finish)
2、Do
you
like
listening
to
other
people______?
(talk
/
talking/to
talk
)
3、Jim
was
seen
_________the
room.
(enter
/to
enter
)
4、Please
tell
her
_________here
on
time
.
(come
/
to
come)
finish
talk
to
enter
to
come
练习
中考链接
The
woman
made
his
son
________
finally
after
she
told
him
some
jokes.
A.
laugh
B.
to
laugh
C.
laughed
D.
laughing
(·江西中考)
________
more
information
about
the
trip,
you
can
go
to
www.
.
A.
Find
B.
Finding
C.
To
find
D.
Found
(·南京中考)
-What
about
playing
football
this
afternoon,
Sam?
-I
would
rather
_______
at
home
than
________
football.
It’s
too
hot
outside.
A.
stay;
playing
B.
stay;
play
C.
to
stay;
to
play
D.
to
stay;
playing
(·绵阳中考)
Please
don’t
forget
________
the
room
while
I
am
away
in
Beijing.
A.
clean
B.
to
clean
C.
cleaned
D.
cleaning
(·河北中考)
More
and
more
young
people
are
trying
to
do
something
________
the
old.
A.
served
B.
to
serve
C.
serve
D.
serves
C
B
B
B
A
-It’s
raining
hard
outside.
You’d
better
________.
-OK.
A.
to
go
out
B.
going
out
C.
not
to
go
out
D.
not
go
out
She
was
surprised
________
me
last
night.
A.
to
see
B.
see
C.
saw
-Mary
was
heard
________
just
now.
What
happened?
-John
was
telling
a
joke.
A.
cry
B.
to
cry
C.
laugh
D.
to
laugh
He
preferred
_______
rather
than
_______
TV.
A.
reading；
watch
B.
reading；
to
watch
C.
to
read；
watching
D.
to
read；watch
-You
forgot
(close)
the
window
again.
-Really?
I
won’t
next
time.
Summary
什么是动词不定式？
动词不定式可以做什么句子成分？
动词不定式的固定结构？
什么时候动词不定式不用加to？
lesson
2
5、I’ll
help
you
_________this
problem.
(to
solve
/solve
)
6、
I
wish
you
will
stay
with
us.(改成同义句）
7、Her
story
made
us
laugh.
(改成被动句）
(to
)
solve
I
wish
you
to
stay
with
us.
We
were
made
to
laugh
by
her
story.
总结句型
基本句型一：Ｓ
+Ｖ
（主＋谓）
基本句型二：Ｓ
+Ｖ
+Ｐ
（主＋谓/系＋表）
基本句型三：Ｓ
+Ｖ
+Ｏ
（主＋谓＋宾）
基本句型四:
Ｓ
+Ｖ
+InO
+DＯ(主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）
基本句型五:
Ｓ
+Ｖ
+Ｏ
+OＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
1.Plants
need
water.
S+V+O
(
主
+
谓+
宾
)
2.The
flower
is
so
fresh.
S
+V
+P
(主
+
系
+
表)
3.They
work
hard.
S
+V
(主
+
谓
)
4.He
gives
me
some
seeds.
S
+V
+In
O
+
DO
(主
+
谓
+
直宾
+
间宾)
5.We
should
keep
the
plants
in
the
shade.
S+V
+O
+OC
(主
+
谓
+
宾
+
宾补)
6.Many
animals
live
in
trees.
S
+
V
(主
+
谓)
1、主语
+
be
+
to
do
sth
主语多为
duty
/
wish
/
hope
/
idea
/
plan
/
ambition/
dream
/
work
/
job
等
名词
1、My
ambition
is
to
be
a
singer.
2、His
work
is
to
clean
the
classroom
every
day.
作表语
我的梦想是成为一名歌手。
他的工作是每天清扫教室。
单击此处添加标题
放在被修饰词的后面
I
have
a
lot
of
work
to
do.
I
want
to
find
something
to
drink.
作定语
不定式为不及物动词时后面应有必要的介词。
I’m
looking
for
a
hotel
_________.
A.
stay
B.
stay
at
C.
to
stay
D.
to
stay
at
D
位置：
He
hasn’t
got
a
house
to
live
I
have
no
pens
to
write
_______.
in
with
He
bought
a
toy
to
play
with.
！定语后置
！
单击此处添加标题
1、原因状语:
主语
+
be
+
adj.(表情感)
+
to
do
sth.
(happy/
glad
angry
/
sorry
/
sad
/afraid
等)
He's
glad
to
go
to
Xinjiang.
作状语
I’m
glad
to
see
you.
2、目的状语
The
soldier
ran
into
the
room
to
save
the
girl
.
Tom
went
to
the
airport
_________________(去接他的爷爷)
to
meet
his
grandpa
单击此处添加标题
3、结果状语
too
+
adj./adv.
+to
do
sth.
adj./adv.
enough
to
do
sth.
You
are
too
young
to
do
this
job.
He
ran
fast
enough
to
catch
the
bus.
动词不定式可以充当的句子成分
1、作主语
2、作宾语
3、作宾语补足语
4、作表语
5、作定语
6、作状语
I
forgot
to
ask
you
to
go
to
the
bank.
It
is
very
important
to
turn
off
the
electricity
before
you
check
the
machine.
I
know
how
to
make
a
mouse
out
of
my
handkerchief.
Luckily,
we
don’t
have
much
more
work
to
do.
She
was
very
pleased
to
have
the
opportunity
to
travel
while
she
was
young.
She
has
been
very
successful
in
her
work,
and
now
her
greatest
wish
is
to
get
married
and
have
a
child.
1、习惯于be
used
to
_______
被用于be
used
to
_______
Water
is
used
to
_____
(put)
out
fires.
I
am
used
to
_______
(take)
a
walk
after
supper.
2、prefer
…to…
比起……来更喜欢
比起游泳来，我更喜欢跑步。
I
prefer
________
to
___________.
3、look
forward
to
期待，盼望
I’m
looking
forward
to
_______
(visit)
Beijing
again.
介词
to
与不定式
to
的区别
put
taking
running
swimming
visiting
do
doing
动词不定式和疑问词连用
与疑问代词who,
what,
which或疑问副词
when,
where,
how,
why构成不定式短语，在句中可作主语，表语，宾语等。
I
don’t
know
what
to
do.（作宾语）
The
problem
is
when
to
start.（作表语）
How
to
save
the
child
is
the
most
important
to
us.(作主语）
时态与语态
主动语态
被动语态
一般式
进行式
完成式
完成进行式
不定式
to
do
to
be
done
to
be
doing
to
have
done
to
have
been
done
to
have
been
doing
----------
----------
不定式的语态
1.It
is
an
honor
for
me
to
be
invited
to
attend
the
meeting.
2.The
next
thing
to
be
done
is
to
get
our
classroom
painted.
3.The
novel
is
believed
to
have
been
translated
into
Chinese.
4.He
is
said
to
have
been
praised.
几对易混淆的词组：
stop
to
do
sth.
停下来去做某事
doing
sth.停止做某事
forget
to
do
sth.　忘记去做某事
doing
sth.　忘记已做了某事
remember
to
do
sth.　记得去做某事
doing
sth.　记得曾经做某事
mean
to
do
打算做某事
doing
意味着
try
to
do
尽力做
doing
试着做
consider
to
be
认为。。。是
doing
考虑做某事
can’t
help
do
不能帮着做某事
doing
忍不住做某事
动词不定式的否定形式
动词不定式的否定式是在to前加not；不带to的不定式则在动词前加not.
如：
Zhang
Ming
asked
me
not
to
stay
at
home
all
day.
张明要我不要整天呆在家里。
My
mother
let
me
not
do
it
by
myself.
妈妈让我不要独自做这件事。
典型中考试题
1.It’s
bad
for
your
eyes
computer
games
too
much.
A.
plays
B.
to
play
C.
play
D.
playing
2.
She
was
often
heard
in
the
room.
A.
singing
B.
sing
C
to
sing
D.
sung
3.
What
did
the
man
say
over
there
?
---He
told
us
any
further.
There
is
danger
ahead.
A.
don’t
go
B.
not
go
C.
not
to
go
D.
to
go
4.
The
heavy
snowstorm
made
the
mountain
climber
halfway.
A.
stop
B.
to
stop
C.
stopping
D.
stopped
5.
He
brought
some
photos
of
his
family
for
me　　　.
A.
to
look
B.
look
at
C.
to
look
at
D.
looking
at
B
C
A
C
(作主语)
(作宾语补足语)
(在使役动词后作宾补的不定式通常不带to.)
(不定式和修饰的词有动宾关系，且不定式是不及物动词时，后面必须加介词)
C
(作感官动词的宾补,
变被动语态时，to要还原）
6.
Mike
wants
to
a
park
on
Sunday.
A.
go
B.
to
go
C.
goes
D.
went
7.
I
often
saw
some
boys
in
the
river.
A.
swam
B.
to
swim
C.
swim
D.
swims
8.
Do
you
have
anything
.
A.
to
say
B.
saying
C.
says
D.
said
9.
The
students
were
made
the
text
three
times.
A.
copy
B.
copying
C.
to
copy
D.
copied
10.
Can
you
tell
me
to
the
post
office?
A.
to
how
get
B.
get
to
how
C.
how
get
D.
how
to
get
11.
You’d
better
there
because
it
is
dark.
A.
don’t
go
B.
not
go
C.
not
to
go
D.
didn’t
go
B
C
A
C
D
B
Exercises
1.
--
You’ve
done
very
well
this
time.
--
It’s
really
kind
______.
A.
for
you
to
say
so
B.
for
you
saying
so
C.
of
you
to
say
so
D.
of
you
saying
so
2.
It
is
better
to
lose
one’s
life
than
____.
A.
if
you
lose
your
spirit
B.
losing
his
spirit
C.
to
lose
one’s
spirit
D.
your
spirit
getting
lost
C
C
3.
–
I
can’t
work
in
this
way.
--
Why
not
____
it
in
some
other
way?
A.
try
to
do
B.
try
doing
C.
trying
to
do
D.
trying
doing
4.
Since
you
find
it
difficult
____
a
decision,
you’d
better
a
discussion(
讨论)
with
your
parents.
A.
reach;
have
B.
reaching;
have
C.
reach;
having
D.
to
reach;
have
B
D
5.
My
father
hates(痛恨)
___.
He
never
allows
me
_____.
A.
to
smoke;
to
smoke
B.
smoking;
smoking
C.
smoke;
smoking
D.
smoking;
to
smoke
6.
The
girl
was
beginning
___.
A.
get
angry
B.
to
get
angry
C.
getting
angry
D.
angry
D
B
7.
There
isn’t
any
difference
between
the
two.
I
really
don’t
know
________.
A.
where
to
choose
B.
which
to
choose
C.
what
to
choose
D.
to
choose
which
8.
The
bag
is
too
heavy
for
me
_______.
A.
to
carry
it
B.
not
to
carry
it
C.
to
carry
D.
not
to
carry
9.
The
teacher
will
teach
him
_______.
A.
to
use
B.
use
it
C.
how
to
use
it
D.
uses
B
C
C