2020-2021学年高中英语高考二轮专题语法复习：谓语（动词时态和语态课件）114张

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谓
语
目前的状况：We
are
still
young.
我们还年轻。
经常或习惯动作：They
often
get
some
useful
information
from
the
Internet.
真理或客观存在：
Two
heads
are
better
than
one.
时间、条件状语从句表将来：If
it
rains
tomorrow,
I
won’t
go.
用法
动
词
时
态
一
般
时
一般现
在
时
构成
一般加s：attack,
donate,
occur,
recover,
respond,
clap,
escape,
ache,
survive
以s,
x,
sh,
ch,
o结尾加es：focus,
fix,
crash,
flash,
establish,
approach,
attach,
go,
do
辅音字母+y结尾，y→ies：study,
carry,
fly,
worry,
apply,
fancy
特殊变化：have→
has,
be→
am/is/are
动
词
时
态
一
般
时
一般现
在
时
用法
存在的状态：At
that
time
he
was
young.
发生的动作:
He
came
here
three
days
ago.
在过去某个时间内经常发生
的事：We
often
went
boating
when
we
were
children.
时间、条件状语从句表示过
去将来：He
telephoned
me
to
say
that
he
wouldn’t
come
if
it
rained
the
next
day.
在过去
确定时
间
里
动
词
时
态
一
般
时
一般过
去
时
构成
一般直接加ed：want,
work,
clean,
click,
attack,
crash,
prevent,
deliver
结尾有e(不发音)只加d：survive,
tie,
donate,
breathe,
escape,
ache
重读闭音节，双写尾字母再加ed：jog,
hug,
chat,
refer,
occur,
clap
辅音字母+y结尾，y→ied：study,
marry,
apply,
fancy
动
词
时
态
一
般
时
一般过
去
时
用法
在将来某个时间里会发生
的动作或存在的状态：The
guides
will
entertain
you
with
stories.
动词
时
态
一
般
时
一般将
来
时
be
going
to+原形：We’re
going
to
meet
outside
the
school
gate.
am/is/are
+现在分词：I’m
leaving
for
Shanghai
tonight.
构成
构成
按时刻表或日程表上将要做的事：When
does
the
plane
arrive?
be
to
+原形(公务安排或必须做的事)：He
is
to
visit
Japan
next
year.
be
about
to+原形(即将)：That
package
is
about
to
come
unwrapped.
(不与时间词连用)
一
般
时
一般将
来
时
动词
时
态
用法
在过去某个时间看来，将要发生的动作或存在的状态
构成
would
+原形：She
told
me
she
would
have
to
dine
with
Helen
that
night.
was
/were
+现在分词：She
told
me
she
was
coming
to
see
me.
was
/were
going
to+原形：We
focused
on
digging
into
the
characters
we
were
going
to
play.
一
般
时
过去将
来
时
动词
时
态
进行
时
现在进
行
时
动词
时
态
用法：表示说话时刻或现阶段正在发生的动作
构成：am
/is
/are
+现在分词
说话时刻：Don’t
make
so
much
noise.
He
is
sleeping.
现阶段:
I
am
translating
a
book
these
days.
一般加ing：reflect,
crash,
apply,
earn,
suffer,
prevent,
deliver
去e加ing：explore,
bite,
hesitate,
breathe,
escape,
ache
双写加ing：quit,
permit,
chat,
refer,
occur,
clap
用法：表示在过去某一时刻或某
阶段正在发生的事
某时：I
was
doing
my
lessons
this
time
yesterday.
某阶段：During
the
summer
of
2016
he
was
travelling
in
China
构成:was/were+现在分词
过去进
行
时
用法：表示在将来某时正在进
行的动作：By
this
time
tomorrow,
I’ll
be
lying
on
the
beach.
构成：will
be
+现在分词
将来进
行
时
进行
时
动词
时
态
完成
时
现
在
完
成
时
动
词
时
态
构成:
have/has
+过去分词
表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果。常与already,
yet,
ever,
never,
before,
just,
once,
twice,
three
times等连用
表示从过去某一时刻开始，一直延续到现在并可能继续延续下去的动作或状态。常与“for+时间段”,
“since+时间点”，以及in/
over
the
past
few
years,
in
the
last
three
years,
so
far,
till
now,
up
to
now,
these
days等连用
He
has
already
obtained
a
scholarship.
Great
changes
have
taken
place
in
my
village
since
1978.
用法
构成:
had
+过去分词
用法
表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”
表示从过去某一时刻开始，一直延续到另一个过去时间的动作或状态
When
I
got
there,
the
train
had
already
left.
He
said
he
had
worked
in
that
factory
since
1949.
完成
时
过去
完
成
时
动
词
时
态
用法：表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在，并且还要继续下去的动作或状态
构成:
have
/has
been
+现在分词：Languages
have
been
coming
and
going
for
thousands
of
years.
现在完成
进
行
时
完成
时
动
词
时
态
被动语态
构成
主动语态：主语是动作的执行者。如：We
study
English
every
day.
被动语态：主语是动作的承受者。如：English
is
studied
all
over
the
world.
be(体现时态)
+
过去分词
概念
被动语态
时态
1.
一般现在时
构成：am
/is
/are
+过去分词：Rice
is
grown
in
South
China.
华南种植水稻。
2.一般过去时
构成：was/were
+过去分词：She
was
asked
to
sing
a
song.
大家要求她唱一支歌。
3.一般将来时
构成：will
be
+过去分词：The
conference
will
be
held
in
Beijing.
这次会议将在北京举行。
被动语态
时态
4.过去将来时
构成：would
be
+过去分词：He
knew
he
would
be
punished
for
it.
他知道他会为此受到惩罚。
5.现在进行时
构成：am
/is
/are
being
+过去分词：The
road
is
being
widened.
马路正在加宽。
6.过去进行时
构成：was
/were
being
+过去分词：The
road
was
being
repaired
then.
那时正在修路。
被动语态
时态
7.现在完成时
构成：have
/has
been
+过去分词：All
the
tickets
have
been
sold
out.
票已售完。
8.过去完成时
构成：had
been
+过去分词：When
all
those
had
been
done,
the
road
surface
was
replaced.
当所有这些都完成后，路面被替换了。
9.含情态动词
构成：情态动词+
be
+过去分词：More
space
stations
may
be
built.
可能建造更多的太空站。
表能力“能，会”：I
can
answer
the
question.
我能回答这个问题。
情态动词
一般式
can/could
表请求“能，可以”：Can
you
help
me
with
it?
能帮我一下吗？
表允许“能，可以”：Can
I
read
your
newspaper?
我能看看你的报纸吗？
提建议“可以”：You
can
ask
Mr
Li
about
it.这件事你可以问问李先生。
表可能性“可能”：What
can
they
be
doing?
他们可能在干什么呢?
表允许：You
may
come
if
you
wish.你愿意来可以来。
表可能：This
coat
may
be
Peter’s.
这件大衣可能是彼得的。
表祝愿：May
you
succeed!祝你成功!
may/might
情态动词
一般式
must
表必要“必须”：I
must
study
hard.我必须努力学习。
表坚持“偏要，非要”：Must
you
make
so
much
noise?
你就非得弄出这么大声吗?
表不可避免“必定会”：All
men
must
die.人总有一死。
表推断“一定，准是”：You
must
be
tired
after
your
long
walk.你走了那么远的路，一定累了。
情态动词
一般式
在疑问句中征求意见(主语是I,
we,
he)：Shall
he
wait
for
you
outside?要不要他在外面等你?
表示说话者给对方的承诺、决心、警告等：You
shall
have
a
new
dress
for
your
birthday.你生日时会得到一件新裙子。
表示强制，意为“必须，应该”：Each
competitor
shall
wear
a
number.
每个参赛者要戴一个号码。
shall
情态动词
一般式
表示责任或义务：He
should
work
harder.他应该更加努力。
表示推断“可能，该”：He
should
arrive
soon.他可能很快就到了。
表示“竟然”：It’s
strange
that
he
should
be
late.真奇怪，他竟会迟到。
表示不感兴趣、惊讶：How
should
I
know?
我怎么知道呢?
表示“一旦”(条件句)：If
I
should
be
free
tomorrow,
I’ll
come.一旦明天有空，我就来。
should
情态动词
一般式
表示愿意：He
will
take
you
home.他愿意送你回家。
表示请求：Will/Would
you
go
with
me?你愿意和我一起去吗?
表示真理“总是”：Oil
will
float
on
water.油总是浮在水面上。
will/would
情态动词
一般式
表示过去的习惯：He
would
get
up
early
when
he
lived
in
the
country.他住乡下时总是早起。
表示要求“一定”：You
will
report
to
me
afterwards.你稍后一定要向我报告。
表示目前情况的预测“一定，大概”：This
will
be
the
house
you’re
looking
for.这大概就是你要找的房子。
will/would
情态动词
一般式
情态动词
完成式
对过去情
况的推测
must
have
done
sth
一定已经做了某事：I
must
have
forgotten
to
tell
you.
我一定是忘记告诉你了。
might
/may
have
done
sth
可能已经做了某事：She
may
have
left
yesterday.
她可能昨天走了。
ought
to
/should
have
done
sth
应当已经做了某事：He
should
have
finished
the
work
by
now.
cannot
/couldn’t
have
done
sth
不
可能做了某事：They
cannot
have
gone
out
because
the
light
is
on!
情态动词
完成式
对过去情
况的推测
can/could+主语+
have
done
sth
可能做了某事吗？：The
money
has
disappeared!
Who
could
have
taken
it?
情态动词
完成式
表示轻微的
责备或后悔
could
have
done
本可以做而实际上未做：You
could
have
started
a
little
earlier.
might
have
done
本可以做而实际上未做：You
might
have
done
it
better
that
day.
needn’t
have
done
本不必做但却做了：You
needn’t
have
said
that.
情态动词
完成式
表示轻微的
责备或后悔
ought
to/should
have
done
本该做而实际上没做：You
should
have
told
us
earlier.
ought
not
to
/shouldn’t
have
done
本不该做而实际上做了：You
oughtn’t
to
have
spoken
to
your
teacher
like
that.
你本不该那样对你的老师说话的。
谓语动词在人称和数方面要和主语保持一致
主谓一致
基本
概念
语法
一致
主谓一致
三个
原则
概念
谓语动词在单复数形式上
要和主语的单复数保持一致
1.
谓语与主语的数一致：We
take
exercise
every
day.
/Tom
takes
exercise
every
day.
2.
主语是“many
a/an
+单数名词”，谓语用单数：Many
a
person
has
read
the
novel.
3.
主语是“more
than
+单数名词”，谓语用单数：More
than
one
teacher
gets
the
flowers.
例句
4.
主语是“neither
+单数名词”,
谓语用单数：Neither
boy
is
to
blame.
5.
主语是复合不定代词,
谓语用单数：Everything
around
us
is
matter.
语法
一致
主谓一致
三个
原则
概念
谓语动词在单复数形式上
要和主语的单复数保持一致
例句
意义
一致
主谓一致
三个
原则
概念
谓语动词要和主语在意义上的
单复数保持一致
例句
1.
主语是people,
the
police,
cattle等,
谓语用复数:
Cattle
eat
grass.
2.
主语是family,
audience,
crew,
crowd,
class,
group,
company,
committee等时，强调整体是单数，强调各个成员时是复数：The
class
were
/was
interested
in
his
lecture.
意义
一致
主谓一致
三个
原则
概念
谓语动词要和主语在意义上的
单复数保持一致
例句
3.
主语是“the+形容词或分词”，
如the
rich,
the
poor,
the
dead,
the
living,
the
injured等表示某一类人时，谓语用复数：The
rich
are
not
always
happier
than
the
poor.
4.
主语是the
Chinese
(中国人),
the
British
(英国人),
the
Irish
(爱尔兰人)等时，谓语用复数：The
Chinese
use
chopsticks
instead
of
knives
and
forks.
意义
一致
主谓一致
三个
原则
概念
谓语动词要和主语在意义上的
单复数保持一致
例句
5.
主语是表示时间、金钱、重量、长度、价值等的复数名词，通常把它们看作一个整体，谓语用单数：Ten
pounds
is
enough./Thirty
years
isn’t
a
long
time.
意义
一致
主谓一致
三个
原则
概念
谓语动词要和主语在意义上的
单复数保持一致
例句
6.
主语形式是复数但意义却是单数的news,
plastics和表示学科的mathematics,
physics,
politics等时，谓语用单数：Mathematics
is
her
favorite
subject.
7.
主语是单复数同形的sheep,
deer,
means,
works
(工厂),
species
(种类)等，要与实际意义一致：Every
means
has
been
tried./All
possible
means
have
been
tried.
就近
一致
主谓一致
三个
原则
概念
谓语动词要和靠近它的主语部
分保持一致
There
is
a
pen
and
several
books
on
the
desk.
There
are
several
books
and
a
pen
on
the
desk.
Either
you
or
I
am
wrong.
不是你错，就是我错。
Either
you
or
she
is
wrong.
不是你错，就是她错。
3.
here,
there引导：Here
is
a
pen,
a
few
envelops
and
some
paper
for
you.
例句
1.There
be结构
2.平行
结构
主谓一致
12个难点
1.
动名词、不定式、从句做主语，谓语
用单数：Remebering
English
words
is
difficult./
What
he
says
is
important.
2.
each
of+复数名词，谓语动词用单数：
Each
of
us
has
a
new
computer.
3.
either
/neither
of+复数名词，谓语动词用单数或复数：Neither
of
the
texts
is
/are
interesting.
4.
none
of
+不可数名词,
谓语动词用单数：
None
of
the
money
here
is
mine.
none
of
+复数名词或代词,
谓语用单数
或复数：None
of
them
speak(s)
English.
主谓一致
12个难点
5.
half/most/all/the
rest/thirty
percent/one
third
of+名词，谓语动词与of后的名词的数保持一致The
rest
of
the
bread
was
thrown
away.
/The
rest
of
the
eggs
have
gone
bad.
6.
指同一人、同一物、同一概念的并列
结构，谓语动词用单数：The
poet
and
writer
is
coming
to
our
school
tomorrow.
7.
有no,
each,
every,
many
a修饰的并列单数主语，谓语动词用单数形式：Each
boy
and
each
girl
has
a
beautiful
dream.
主谓一致
12个难点
8.
one
of
+复数名词+who....
谓语动词用
复数：She
is
one
of
the
students
who
have
passed
the
exam.
the
only
one
of
+复数名词+who...
谓语动词用单数：She
is
the
only
one
of
the
students
who
has
passed
the
exam.
9.
a
number
of
+复数名词，谓语动词用复
数:
A
number
of
foreigners
are
working
in
China.
the
number
of
+复数名词，谓语动词用单数：The
number
of
foreign
visitors
is
increasing.
主谓一致
12个难点
10.
a
quantity
of+名词，谓语与所接名词的数一致：A
large
quantity
of
nuts
are
on
the
table.
quantities
of+名词，谓语一律用复数：Large
quantities
of
fuel
are
used
by
modern
industry.
11.
A
+
with/together
with/along
with/
like/
except/but/no
less
than/as
well
as
+B,谓语与A一致：The
teacher,
together
with
some
students,
has
gone
to
a
nursing
home.
12.
all指the
only
thing或everything时,
是
单数：All
I
want
is
peace
and
quiet.
虚
拟
语
气
用过去
式表示
现在：If
I
were
you,
I
should
take
my
time.
过去：If
he
had
worked
hard,
he
would
have
succeeded.
将来：If
it
rained
/were
to
rain
/should
rain
tomorrow,
the
sports
meet
would
be
put
off.
If引导的虚拟条件句
虚
拟
语
气
用过去
式表示
含蓄虚
拟条件
句
Without
air,
no
one
could
live./
But
for
his
pension,
he
would
starve.
It’s
lucky
that
he
bounded
away,
otherwise
he
would
have
been
hurt.
If
it
hadn’t
been
for
your
help,
I
wouldn’t
have
made
so
much
progress.
If
it
were
/Were
it
not
for
your
help,
I
would
still
be
homeless.
错综时间条件句
You
would
be
much
better
now
if
you
had
taken
my
advice.
现在:
I
wish
I
had
a
house
in
Guangzhou,
but
I
can’t
afford
one.
过去:
I
wish
I
hadn’t
wasted
so
much
time.
将来:
I
wish
he
could
come
tomorrow.
虚
拟
语
气
用过去
式表示
wish后的
宾语从句
现在：If
only
I
were
rich.
过去：If
only
I
had
listened
to
your
advice!
将来：If
only
it
would
stop
raining
soon.
if
only
后的句子
虚
拟
语
气
用过去
式表示
would
rather
后的句子
现在：I’d
rather
you
were
happy.
过去：I’d
rather
you
hadn’t
said
that.
将来：I
would
rather
you
came
next
Sunday.
as
if/though
后的句子
现在：Mr
Li
treats
me
as
if
I
were
his
own
son.
过去：He
behaved
naturally
as
if
nothing
had
happened.
将来：It
isn’t
as
if
you
were
going
away
for
ever.
虚
拟
语
气
用(should+)
动词原形表示
一个
坚持
He
insisted
that
we
(should)
accept
these
gifts.(坚持要)
比较：She
insisted
that
he
was
wrong.
(坚持认为)
两个
命令
The
mayor
ordered
that
free
food
be
distributed.
He
commanded
that
the
soldiers
attack
at
once.
虚
拟
语
气
用(should+)
动词原形表示
三个
建议
I
recommended
that
he
(should)
consult
a
lawyer.
The
doctor
advised
that
he
change
his
job.
The
dentist
suggested
that
she
(should)
come
another
day.
比较：All
the
evidence
suggests
that
he
stole
the
money.
(表明)
四个
要求
虚
拟
语
气
用(should+)
动词原形表示
She
asked
that
she
(should)
be
kept
informed
of
development.
We
requested
that
the
next
meeting
(should)
be
held
on
Friday.
The
situation
required
that
he
(should)
be
present.
The
boss
demanded
that
Mary
(should)
finish
it
within
a
week.
主语从句
中
虚
拟
语
气
用(should+)
动词原形表示
It
is
necessary
that
he
(should)
come
to
the
office.
It’s
natural
that
you
should
be
nervous.
It
is
vitally
important
that
they
receive
all
the
help
available.
Since
2011,
the
country
____
_______(grow)
more
corn
than
rice.
When
the
gorillas
and
I
frightened
each
other,
I
was
just
glad...,
the
huge
animal
_______
(mean)
me
no
real
harm.
时状明示
前后一致
时态
谓
语
的
考
点
及
考
法
grown
has
meant
并列一致
Confucius
believed
knives
would
remind
people
of
killings
and
______
(be)
too
violent
for
use
at
the
table.
(与would并列)
were
主谓一致
Leaving
the
less
important
things
until
tomorrow
____
(be)
often
acceptable.
is
was
told
/has
been
told
be
made
谓
语
的
考
点
及
考
法
Ⅰ
语态
主谓一致
Sarah__________________
_____
(tell)
that
she
could
be
Britain’s
new
supermodel,
earning
a
million
dollars
in
the
next
year.
情后原形
Truly
elegant
chopsticks
might
__________(make)
of
gold
and
silver.
顾
真
题
回
一、语法填空
1.
(2019全国Ⅰ卷)
In
recent
years
some
Inuit
people
in
Nunavut
_______________
(report)
increases
in
bear
sightings
around
human
settlements.
由时间状语in
recent
years可知，此处用现在完成时态，故填have
reported。
have
reported
2.
(2019全国Ⅰ卷)
Of
the
nineteen
recognized
polar
bear
subpopulations,
three
are
declining,
six
______
(be)
stable,
one
is
increasing,
and
nine
lack
enough
data.
根据空格前的are及空格后的is可知，本句是一般现在时；又由six可知要用复数，故填are。
are
3.
(2019全国Ⅱ卷)
Picking
up
her
“Lifetime
Achievement”
award,
proud
Irene
_______
(declare)
she
had
no
plans
to
retire
from
her
36-year-old
business.
Irene
said…
由后文的had和said
可知，本句应用一般过去时，故填declared。
declared
4.
(2019全国Ⅱ卷)
Irene
said,
“I
don't
see
any
reason
to
give
up
work.
I
love
coming
here
and
seeing
my
family
and
all
the
friends
I
________
(make)
over
the
years…”
由时间状语over
the
years可知，此处应用现在完成时态，故填have
made。
have
made
5.
(2019全国Ⅲ卷)
Our
hosts
shared
many
of
their
experiences
and
________________(recommend)
wonderful
places
to
eat,
shop,
and
visit.
因and连接两个并列谓语动词，时态应保持一致，故填recommended。
recommended
6.
(2019全国Ⅲ卷)
When
they
were
free
from
work,
they
invited
us…
They
also
shared
with
us…
On
the
last
day
of
our
week-long
stay,
we
______________
(invite)
to
attend
a
private
concert
on
a
beautiful
farm…
因主语we与动词invite之间是被动关系;
再结合文章时态可知,
应用一般过去时。主语是we,
故填were
invited。
were
invited
7.
(2018全国Ⅰ卷)While
running
regularly
can't
make
you
live
forever,
the
review
says
it
____
(be)
more
effective
at
lengthening
life
than
walking,
cycling
or
swimming.
is
此处在陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，故填is。
8.(2018全国Ⅱ卷)
Since
2011,
the
country
___________
(grow)
more
corn
than
rice.
Corn
production
has
jumped
nearly
125
percent
over
the
past
25
years.
has
grown
由Since
2011可知此处语境表示的是从过去的某个时间(2011年)开始，一直持续到现在的动作，强调对现在造成的影响或结果(玉米种植量比水稻多)，故用现在完成时，且主语country是单数名词，故用has
grown。
9.(2018全国Ⅱ卷)
...between
2005
——
when
the
government
_______
(start)
a
soil-testing
program
that
gives
specific
fertilizer
recommendations
to
farmers...
started
由2005可知，此处讲述的是2005年发生的事情，故用一般过去时。
10.
(2018全国Ⅲ卷)
When
the
gorillas
and
I
frightened
each
other,
I
was
just
glad
to
find
them
alive.
True
to
a
gorilla's
unaggressive
nature,
the
huge
animal
_______
(mean)
me
no
real
harm.
meant
由frightened和was可知，mean也用一般过去式，故填meant。
11.
(2017全国Ⅰ卷)
When
fat
and
salt
_____
_________
(remove)
from
food,
the
food
tastes
as
if
it
is
missing
something.
主语fat
and
salt
与remove是被动关系，要用被动语态；由主句谓语tastes可知，用一般现在时；主语是两者，为复数，故填are
removed。
are
removed
12.
(2017全国Ⅰ卷)
Even
worse,
the
amount
of
fast
food
that
people
eat
goes
up.
Fast
food
___
(be)
full
of
fat
and
salt.
主语是第三人称单数，由上下文可知用一般现在时，故填is。
is
13.
(2017全国Ⅱ卷)
Steam
engines
_________
(use)
to
pull
the
carriages
and
it
must
have
been
fairly
unpleasant
for
the
passengers,
with
all
the
smoke
and
noise.
However,
the
railway
quickly
proved
to
be
a
great
success…
因Steam
engines与use是被动关系，又是过去的动作，故用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数，故填were
used。
were
used
14.
(2017全国Ⅱ卷)
Later,
engineers
__________
(manage)
to
construct
railways
in
a
system
of
deep
tunnels
(隧道),
which
became
known
as
the
Tube.
根据上下文谓语动词的时态可知，用一般过去时。
managed
15.
(2017全国Ⅲ卷)
Sarah
________________
________
(tell)
that
she
could
be
Britain’s
new
supermodel,
earning
a
million
dollars
in
the
next
year.
Her
father
Peter,
44,
wants
her
to
give
up
school
to
model
full-time.
由tell
sb
sth可知要用被动语态，由语境可知，应是“已有人告诉她”或“曾有人告诉她”，故用现在完成时或一般过去时的被动语态。
has
been
told
/
was
told
16.
(2017全国Ⅲ卷)
My
dad
thinks
I
should
take
the
offer
now.
But
at
that
moment,
school
________
(come)
first.
I
don’t
want
to
get
too
absorbed
in
modeling.
由上下文的时态可知，用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，故填comes。
comes
17.
(2016全国Ⅰ卷)So
it
was
a
great
honour
to
be
invited
backstage
at
the
not-for-profit
Panda
Base,
where
ticket
money
helps
pay
for
research.
I
_____________
(allow)
to
get
up
close
to
these
cute
animals
at
the
600
acre
centre.
因I与allow之间是被动关系，故用被动语态；又由前面的was可知，用一般过去时的被动语态。
was
allowed
18.
(2016全国Ⅱ卷)
Leaving
the
less
important
things
until
tomorrow
____(be)
often
acceptable.
动名词短语作主语,
谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
19.
(2016全国Ⅲ卷)
Truly
elegant
chopsticks
might
_________(make)
of
gold
and
silver
with
Chinese
characters.
因主语chopsticks与谓语动词make之间是被动关系，且位于情态动词后面，故应填be
made。
is
be
made
20.
(2016全国Ⅲ卷)Confucius
believed
knives
would
remind
people
of
killings
and
______(be)
too
violent
for
use
at
the
table.
因be与would
remind并列,
根据并列一致原则,
be也用过去式;
又因主语knives是复数,
故填were。
21.(2015全国Ⅰ卷)
It
was
raining
lightly
when
I
_______
(arrive)
in
Yangshuo
just
before
dawn.
But
I
didn’t
care.
由主句谓语动词was
raining和后句的谓语动词didn't
care可知，arrive应用一般过去时。句意是“当我在天亮前到达阳朔时，正在下着小雨”。
were
arrived
22.(2015全国Ⅰ卷)
Yangshuo
____(be)
really
beautiful.
A
study
of
travelers
conducted
by
the
website
Trip
Advisor
names
Yangshuo
as
one
of
the
top
10
destinations
in
the
world.
指目前的状态或客观存在的状态，用一般现在时，下句谓语动词names是一般现在时，也有提示作用；主语Yangshuo是第三人称单数，故填is。
is
23.(2015全国Ⅱ卷)
At
the
same
time,
they
warm
up
again
for
the
night.
This
cycle
______
(go)
day
after
day.
The
walls
warm
up
during
the
day
and
cool
off
during
the
night
and
thus
always
a
timely
offset(抵消)for
the
outside
temperatures.
因上句谓语动词warm
up与下句中的谓语动词warm
up和cool
off都是一般现在时，故此处的go也用一般现在时才能保持时态一致；主语This
cycle是第三人称单数，故填goes。
goes
24.
(2014全国Ⅰ卷)
In
1969,
the
pollution
was
terrible
along
the
Cuyahoga
River
near
Cleveland,
Ohio.
It
_______(be)
unimaginable
that
it
could
ever
be
cleaned
up.
指1969年的情况，用一般过去时，上下句谓语动词的时态(was,
could)也提示我们用一般过去时，指当时无法想象；又因主语It是第三人称单数，故填was。
was
25.(2014全国Ⅱ卷)
A
boy
on
a
bike
_______
(catch)
my
attention.
He
was
riding
beside
the
bus
and
waving
his
arms.
在句中作谓语，考虑时态和语态；a
boy与catch是主动关系，又由语境(如was
riding)可知用一般过去时，故填caught。
caught
析
考
情
分
考情：谓语在高考中不但每年必考而且是考查的重点，考1~2题。主要考查：(1)动词时态，主要是上下文时态一致和并列一致；(2)被动语态；(3)主谓一致。
解法：
1.
要弄清全文是叙述过去发生了的事还是客观地讲述目前的情况，特别留意上下文的时态，因为上下文时态一致是考查的重点，并列一致一定要弄清跟谁并列。
2.
要分析主语与谓语动词之间是主动关系还是被动关系。被动语态一定是“助动词be+过去分词”；主动语态，若是行为动词且不是进行时，不能用be。
3.
主谓一致主要是找准主语。
练
模
拟
操
一、语法填空
1.
(2020湖南永州二模)
People
didn’t
believe
these
would
work
at
first,
but
now
local
people
think
they
_____
(be)
of
great
significance.
由空前的now可知，用一般现在时，主语they是复数，故填are。
2.
(2020山东泰安期末)
Siew
Boon
_______
(begin)
her
business
more
than
two
years
ago.
由two
years
ago可知用一般过去时,
故填began。
began
are
动词时态
3.
(2020河北承德期末)
When
Sarah
was
in
the
third
grade,
some
of
the
other
students
_______
(make)
fun
of
her
because
she
was
shy.
由When
Sarah
was
in
the
third
grade可知，用一般过去时。
4.
(2019湖北武汉模拟)
Once,
she
____________
(wonder)
how
to
complete
a
scene
set
in
ancient
China
when
the
doorbell
suddenly
rang.
因“was
/were
doing
sth
when…”是固定句型，表示“正在做某事突然……”。
made
was
wondering
5.
(2020安徽芜湖期末)
In
short,
I
firmly
believe
that
keeping
a
diary
______________(contribute)
a
lot
to
the
development
of
our
writing
skills
in
the
future.
由in
the
future可知，用一般将来时。
will
contribute
6.
(2018安徽蚌埠)
When
I
went
to
the
theatre,
there
were
two
women
ahead
of
me
in
line.
I
heard
one
lady
ask
for
a
ticket
for
the
same
movie
I
_____________________(see).
I
offered
her
my
extra
free
ticket.
由在排队买票可知,
是“将要看的”一部电影,
用将来时;
由went,
heard,
offered可知,
此事发生在过去,
故用过去将来时态。
would
see/
was
to
see
7.
(2020湖北十堰调研)
Since
July
26,
the
film
___________
(earn)
more
than
140
million
yuan
at
the
box
office…
由Since
July
26可知，用现在完成时。
8.
(2019山东济南一模)
Yang
_____________
(study)
and
performed
the
art
for
over
a
decade.
由for
over
a
decade可知，要用现在完成时。
has
earned
has
studied
9.
(2020安徽黄山一模)
However,
human
activities
_________
(put)
this
ecosystem
at
risk
in
recent
years.
由in
recent
years可知用现在完成时，主语human
activities是复数，故填have
put。
10.
(2019河北衡水三模)
Still
China
is
developing,
but
the
economic
growth
means
that
most
people
____________(see)
their
living
standards
improve
rapidly
in
the
last
20
years.
由时间状语in
the
last
20
years可知，本句用现在完成时，且主语为most
people，故填have
seen。
have
seen
have
put
11.
(2019安徽宿州二模)
Climbing
to
the
summit
(山顶)
of
Qomolangma
is
always
a
dream
and
goal
for
me.
I
____________
(fight)
for
it
over
the
past
decades.
由时间状语over
the
past
decades可知，用现在完成时。
12.
(2020湖北黄冈月考)
Chinese
scientists
_____
_________
(report)
zoo
pandas
as
old
as
35
so
far.
由so
far可知，用现在完成时。
have
fought
reported
have
13.
(2019湖南怀化二模)
And
up
to
now,
85%
of
the
students
____________
(join)
us
and
enjoyed
the
simple
but
eco-friendly
life.
由up
to
now可知，用现在完成时，主语为85%
of
the
students，故填have
joined。
14.
(2019湖南衡阳一模)
However,
they
_______
________________________
(test)
to
see
if
eating
soil
is
safe
for
the
body
or
if
it
could
cause
any
side
effects
in
the
past
few
months.
由in
the
past
few
months可知，用现在完成时或现在完成进行时
(强调现在依然在做)。
have
joined
have
tested
/
have
been
testing
15.
(2018安徽芜湖)
Later
on,
I
mentioned
the
incident
of
meeting
the
chief
boss
to
my
colleagues.
And
I
realized
that
I
__________
(make)
a
big
fool
of
myself.
因
“犯错”
这个动作发生在realized这个过去动作之前，即过去的过去，因此要用过去完成时态。
had
made
16.
(2020河北保定摸底)
…the
performance
also
showed
China’s
recent
engineering…the
Olympic
rings
______
(rise)
on
the
stage…which
stood
for
China’s
promise…
由上文的showed和下文的stood可知，rise也用一般过去式，才前后时态一致，故填rose。
(前后一致)
rose
17.
(2020安徽淮北一模)
X+Living,
therefore,
___________
(combine)
this
concept
with
Zhongshuge
perfectly,
and
tried
to
create
a
“river”
of
books.
做谓语，根据与之并列的tried…可知用一般过去式，故填combined。
(并列一致)
combined
18.
(2020山东淄博摸底)
The
Mid-Autumn
Festival
is
a
harvest
festival
celebrated
in
China
and
usually
_____
(fall)
in
September
or
October.
是介绍节日,
客观叙述,
用一般现在时;
也可根据与之并列的is的时态可知，fall也用一般现在时。
falls
19.
(2020福建宁德期末)
The
Old
Man
and
the
Sea,
a
great
novel
written
by
the
American
author
Ernest
Hemingway,
______________
(publish)
in
1952.
句子缺谓语，书是被出版的，又由in
1952可知用一般过去时，故填was
published。
被动语态
was
published
20.
(2019湖南怀化市三模)
Another
special
occasion
when
tea
_____________
(provide)
is
a
traditional
Chinese
wedding.
因tea与provide之间为被动关系，要用被动语态；由主句谓语is可知，用一般现在时，故填is
provided。
is
provided
21.
(2020河北保定期末)
Nearly
500,000
high
quality
digital
photographs
______
________________
(produce)
since
the
international
project
started
in
1994.
由since…in
1994可知,
要用现在完成时;
photographs是被生产的，用被动语态，故填have
been
produced。
have
been
produced
22.
(2018山西孝义)
Kites
________________
(fly)
in
Japan
for
hundreds
of
years.
In
the
1100s,
kites
were
flown
in
autumn
to
give
thanks
for
a
good
harvest.
由fly
kites
(放风筝)
可知，kites与fly是被动关系,
用被动语态；再由for
hundreds
of
years可知用现在完成时态。
have
been
flown
23.
(2020黑龙江大庆二检)
Start
of
Winter
is
the
first
solar
term
of
winter,
which
means
winter
is
coming
and
crops
harvested
in
autumn
should
__________
(store)
up.
因crops与store
(储存)
是被动关系，要用被动语态；should后面加动词原形，故填be
stored。
情态动词
be
stored
24.
(2020安徽池州期末)
It’s
never
true
that
skilled
sailors
can
__________
(make)
on
calm
waters.
因skilled
sailors
(熟练的水手)
与make
(造就)
是被动关系，用被动语态；而情态动词
(can)
后要接动词原形，故填be
made。
be
made
25.
(2019山东济南三模)
…a
fine
selection
of
creative
cultural
products
will
__________
(show)
at
the
Shanghai
Exhibition
Center.
因主语a
fine
selection…与谓语动词show之间是被动关系，且位于will后，故应填be
shown。
be
shown
26.
(2020吉林长春调研)
According
to
experts,
the
key
to
the
Forbidden
City’s
strength
_____
(lie)
in
Dougong
(斗拱)
—a
centuries-old
building
method
invented
in
China.
主谓之间被做定语的介词短语分隔,
主语the
key是单数,
又是客观事实,
用一般现在时,
故填lies。
主谓一致
lies
27.
(2019山东枣庄一模)
Just
like
coffee,
tea
grown
in
different
areas
_____
(have)
different
flavors.
主谓之间被做定语的过去分词短语隔开了，主语是不可数名词tea，谓语动词用单数，叙述的又是客观事实，为一般现在时，故填has。
has
28.
(2020四川资阳一诊)
In
the
study,
25,000
people
living
across
China
___________
(test)
in
language
and
math
skills
last
year.
主谓之间被做定语的现在分词短语分开了,
主语是25,000
people，为复数，people与test是被动关系，用被动语态；由last
year可知用一般过去时；故填were
tested。
were
tested
29.
(2020广东惠州三调)
In
fact,
some
vegetables
we
grow
today
______
(be)
much
sweeter
than
before.
主谓之间被定语从句所分隔，主语some
vegetables是复数，由today可知用一般现在时，故填are。
are
30.
(2019广西南宁二模)
Cao
doesn't
think
himself
special
and
often
stresses
that
he
is
just
an
ordinary
kid
who
______
(love)
reading
about
science
and
doing
experiments.
由
doesn't
think和is可知，love也用一般现在时
(前后一致)；先行词kid是单数，可知代表先行词的关系代词who是单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填loves。
loves
31.
(2020辽宁丹东期末)
Pigeon
whistles,
also
called
pigeon
bells,
are
whistles
that
________
(tie)
on
the
tails
of
pigeons
so
that
when
they
fly,
the
air
that
flows
through
the
whistle
creates
a
harmonic
sound.
在定语从句中，主语that与tie是被动的关系，用被动语态；由前
(are)
后
(fly)
都是一般现在时可知，用一般现在时的被动语态；主语that指代的是复数名词whistles，故填are
tied。
are
tied
32.
(2019广东广州二模)
Thanks
to
the
hot
and
dry
climate
that
results
from
being
surrounded
by
the
desert,
huge
quantities
of
large
and
juicy
grapes
with
very
thin
skins
____
(be)
produced.
叙述客观事实用一般现在时，huge
quantities
of…短语做主语时，谓语动词用复数，故填are。
are
33.
(2019广东广州二模)
Every
fall,
a
large
number
of
grapes
_____________
(ship)
from
Xinjiang
to
other
parts
of
China,
and
the
rest
are
made
into
raisins
for
easy
storage.
因主语grapes与动词ship
(运送)
之间是被动关系；又由并列分句中的are
made可知用一般现在时；主语a
large
number
of
grapes为复数，故填are
shipped。
are
shipped
34.
(2020山西太原期末)
Yet,
according
to
the
United
Nations
Population
Division,
so
far
the
number
of
us
going
to
urban
areas
__________
(grow)
sharply.
由so
far可知用现在完成时,
又因主语the
number
of
us为第三人称单数，故填has
grown。
35.
(2019东北三省四市一模)
There
is
also
a
restaurant
car,
though
the
kinds
of
food
______
(be)
limited.
陈述一般事实,
用一般现在时;
主语the
kinds
of
food为复数,
谓语动词也要用复数形式,
故填are。
has
grown
are
36.
(2018贵州遵义)
The
population
of
China
______
(be)
already
over
1.3
billion
now.
主语The
population指人口数目，应看做单数，再由now可知，用一般现在时。
37.
(2019山东聊城二模)
They
say
having
a
large
variety
of
plants
also
________
(help)
to
protect
against
possible
crop
diseases
and
future
crises.
动名词短语having
a
large
variety
of
plants作主语，谓语动词用单数。
is
helps
38.
(2019广东惠州一模)
What
is
amazing
about
these
earth
buildings
____
(be)
the
fact
that
some
of
them
are
over
700
years
old,
surviving
through
natural
elements,
including
earthquakes.
描述客观事实用一般现在时；又因what引导的主语从句作主语，谓语动词用单数，故填is。
is
39.
(2020广东茂名一模)
Thiele,
a
beekeeper,
says
the
usual
ways
people
raise
honey
bees
_____(be)
bad
for
their
health.
在says后的宾语从句中，主谓之间被定语从句隔开了，主语the
usual
ways是复数，叙述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，故填are。
are
40.
(2019安徽安庆二模)
Every
year
______
(see)
the
largest
annual
mass
migration
on
the
planet
as
one
sixth
of
the
world's
population
travel
home
to
celebrate
with
their
families.
此处为拟人化用法，表示“目睹，见证”；主语Every
year是单数，谓语要用第三人称单数形式。
sees
41.
(2020安徽黄山一模)
High
on
the
Qinghai-Tibet
Plateau
(高原)
_____
(lie)
China’s
“water
tower”
Sanjiangyuan.
此句为倒装句，地点状语提前了，主语是China's
“water
tower”
Sanjiangyuan，第三人
称单数,
是客观存在,
用一般现在时,
故填lies。
lies
42.
(2018广西桂林)
There
were
dragons
everywhere,
up
and
down,
front
and
back.
In
the
heavens
there
______
(be)
a
real
dragon.
在there
be结构中，be的单复数与跟靠其后的名词或代词一致，故本句be的数应与a
real
dragon一致，故为单数，又由前句were可知，用一般过去时，故填was。
was
43.
(2020山东青岛期末)
“…A
bass
guitar
has
four
strings,
and
so
______
(do)
the
pipa,
so
for
me
it
was
natural,”
he
said.
这是so
do
I
(我也一样)
之类的倒装句型，意思是“琵琶跟低音吉他一样，也有四根弦”，主语the
pipa是第三人称单数，且前面的has是一般现在时
(客观事实),故填does。
does
44.
(2020河南入学摸底)
Not
only
_____
(be)
they
traveling
at
incredible
speeds,
there
is
also
the
added
danger
of
fully
grown
racehorses
trampling
(踩)
on
the
skis.
当not
only…but
also…连接两个句子时，not
only分句常用部分倒装，因此，主语是they，又由后面的is可知是一般现在时，故填are。
are
45.
(2020安徽芜湖期末)
My
suggestion
is
that
a
notebook
___________________(keep)
and
a
Chinese-English
dictionary
be
within
our
reach.
因a
notebook与keep
(保留)
是被动关系，要用被动语态；又因suggestion后的表语从句中，要用“
(should
+)
动词原形”，故填
(should)
be
kept。
虚拟语气
(should)
be
kept
46.
(2019江西吉安一模)
If
money
were
everything,
all
millionaires
_______
have
real
love,
true
friendship,
good
health
and
a
long
life.
表示与现在事实相反的情况，主句谓语用“would
/
could
/
might
/
should
+动词原形”，故填would。
would
Thank
you
!