Module 1 Life in the Future单词学案

Module 1 Life in the Future
第一部分：词汇
alternative
(1). adj. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
e. g. I offered the alternative suggestions of spending the vacation in the mountains or by the sea. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
In the future, we will use more alternative energy, such as wave power and wind power. 将来我们使用更多的其他能源如潮汐能和风能。
If the first plan doesn’t work, we’ll have to carry out the alternative one.
＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
(2). c. n. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
e. g. He knew he had to work hard: there was no alternative.
=He had no alternative but to work hard.
＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
The school is not far from his home, so he takes the alternative of walking.学校离他家不远，所以他选择步行。
You have the alternative of speaking or of keeping quiet.
你或者发言或者保持肃静。
It is a reasonable alternative to the present system.
这相对于现存的制度来说是一个合理的选择。
构词解析：
alternative adj. 替换的；其他的；供选择的 c. n. 选择；供选择的东西; alternatively adv. 供选择地；代替地
2. load
(1) c.n.装载物（量）; 工作量；（精神等方面的）负担，负荷
e. g. He climbed the hill with a heavy load on his back every day.
The teachers’ work load in our school is about 10 hours a day.
我们学校老师的工作量每天约十个小时。
The sick child is a heavy load for his father to bear.
＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
(2). vt.装；装载
常用短语：load …with…用……将……装满
e. g. They loaded the truck with bananas. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
The table was loaded with dishes. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
构词解析：
load c.n. 装载物（量）; 工作量；（精神等方面的）负担，负荷 vt. 装；装载 loaded adj.装了货的；满载的
3. arrest
（1）vt.逮捕，扣留；停止，阻止；吸引（注意等）
e. g. The police arrested the criminal for selling drugs.
The treatment arrested the growth of the disease.
＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
The bright lights arrested the baby’s attention.
＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
(2) n. 逮捕 常用于短语：under arrest 逮捕；拘留
e. g. He is under arrest and awaiting trial.他已被逮捕正等候审判。
构词解析：
arrest vt. 逮捕，扣留；停止，阻止；吸引（注意等）n. 逮捕 arresting adj.引人注目的；醒目的
4. limit
(1) c. n. ＿＿＿＿＿ （常用复数形式）
常见短语：a limit to/on 对于……的限制 set a limit on/to限制…… the limit忍耐的极限
e. g. There is a limit to what I can do for you. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
The task is too difficult for me. I know my limits.
这项任务对我来说太困难了，我知道我能力有限。
This is the third time in a week that you have been late. ----it really is the limit.＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
No smoking will be allowed within a future city’s limits.
＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
After his father’s death, John spent money without limits. 在他父亲死后约翰挥霍无度。
(2) vt. to keep within a certain size, amount, number, place etc. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
e. g. The country made a decision to limit imports of foreign cars.
＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
There are not many eggs. We must limit ourselves to two eggs each.
构词解析：
limit c. n界限；限制（常用复数形式）vt限制；限定; limited adj.有限的；不充分的; limitless adj. 无限制的；无限的; limitation n.限定；限制
5. command
(1) c. n. & u. n. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
常用短语：under one’s command ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ in command ＿＿＿＿＿ in command of ＿＿＿＿＿ at one’s command ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
e. g. Do it immediately when I give the command. 我一下命令就马上行动。
Who is the officer in command here 这儿谁负责？
He is in command of the troop. 这个部队由他指挥。
Paul has a good command of English. 保尔英语掌握的很好。
He has a large amount of money at his command 他有很多钱可以自由支配。
(2) vt. vi.命令；指挥；能自由运用
常见用法：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
e. g. The teacher commanded silence. 老师要求大家安静。
The police commanded the criminal to stop.
His father commanded that he (should) stay at home to study.
The company commands considerable human resources.
注意：command后的that从句要用虚拟语气，即：主语+ should + 动词原形，should 可省。
构词解析：
command n命令；控制，控制权；运用能力; vt. vi. 命令；指挥；能自由运用; commander n. 指挥官；司令官；commanding adj.挥挥的；在指挥位置的；有威严的
6. switch
（1）c. n. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
e. g. There is something wrong with the light switch.
The switch to a free market economy will not be easy.
（2）vt. vi. to change or exchange＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
e. g. Let’s switch our seats (over).
The wind has switched round from north to east.
Wait until the lights have switched to green.
(3) 常见短语
switch on开（电灯等）
e. g. When I switched on the light, I found the room had been robbed.
＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
switch off关（电灯等）
e. g. Switch off when you have finished using the computer.
switch over交换位置，完全转变，换（电视、收音机等的）台
e. g. She switched over from laughing at him to supporting him.
她从嘲笑转向支持他。
I’m tired of this programme; switch (it) over to the other channel.
我厌倦了这种节目，换个台吧。
注意：这三个短语都可兼作及物动词和不及物动词短语; 都可分开使用，如switch on the light即相当于switch the light on; 当宾语为代词时，要放在它们的中间，如switch it over。
构词解析
switch c. n.开关; 转换; 改变vt. vi. 转变，改变, 开关电器 switchboard n.电话总机；交换台; switchman n. 扳道工
7. attach vt. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿常用搭配：attach sth. to sth.
e .g He attached a stamp to the envelope and mailed it.
The boat was attached to the tree with a rope.
She attaches great importance to regular exercise.
The school is attached to Beijing Normal University.
be attached to喜爱；依恋
e. g. He is deeply attached to the old computer. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
I am strongly attached to my grandmother. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
构词解析
attach vt. 系；贴；连接；认为；赋予（重要性）；归结于; attachment n. 安装；附属；附属品；眷恋
8. predict vt. 预言；预报
e. g. He predicted that I would be a very rich man in the future.
＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
Is it possible to predict when one will die
Most economists(经济学家) predicted an increase in the country’s economy.＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
构词解析
predict vt. 预言；预报; predictable adj. 可预言的；可预测的；predictably adv. 可预言地；果如预料地; prediction n. 预言；预报
8. shape
(1) c. n. & u. n.; ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
e. g. Supermarkets have plastic bags of different sizes and shapes.
A hill in Suzhou looks like a lion in shape. 苏州的一座小山看起来像狮子。
The patient was in good shape then. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
常见短语
take shape to develop towards completion (思想等)成形；具体化
e. g. An idea slowly took shape in his mind. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
（2）vt. to make for form使成形;；影响
e. g. The bird shaped its nest from mud and sticks.
= The bird shaped the mud and sticks into a nest. 那只鸟用湿泥和树枝筑巢。
The building is shaped like a huge bird nest.
People’s political beliefs are often shaped by what they read in the newspapers. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
构词解析
shape n. ;形状；资态；情况 vt. 使成形; shapeless adj. 没有形状的；难看的；shapelessly adv. 难看地；shapely adj.（尤指女人的体形）好看的；姿态曼妙的
第二部分 词组
1.for sure ：certainly 肯定地
e. g. No one knows for sure what will happen in the future.
＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
We will win, that’s for sure. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
2. run out（某物）用完；耗尽; (合同等)到期 为不及物动词短语，无被动语态。
e. g. Have you finished Time is running out.
Our petrol has run out. 我们的汽油已用完了。
辨析：run out/ run out of
run out是＿＿＿＿＿＿＿短语，其后不可接＿＿＿，不可用于＿＿＿＿＿；run out of 为及物动词，其后可接宾语，有被动语态，相当于use up。
e. g. Earth’s natural resources are running out. 地球的自然资源将要用光了。
We are running our of earth’s natural resources.我们快要把地球的自然资源用尽
他们的水很快用光了。＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
他们的水很快（被）用光了。＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
3. rely on/upon ：to trust; depend on 信任；依赖
常见用法： rely on sth./sb. 依赖；依靠；相信
rely on (sb.) doing.指望，依靠；相信（某人）会……
rely on sb. to do sth. 指望，依靠；相信某人会……
rely on it that…相信（某事会……）
e. g. You may not rely on the weather report.
Don’t rely on the bank lending you the money. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
You can rely on me to help you. (=You can rely on me for help)
You may rely on it that he will do a good job of it.放心好了，他会做好这件事的。
They rely on the river for their water. 他们用水依赖那条河。
4. get rid of to free oneself from sth. unwanted; to drive, send, throw, or give away or destroy ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
e. g. These flies are so annoying. Let’s get rid of them.
To get rid of garbage is a big problem in many cities.
＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
I haven’t gotten rid of my nasty cold yet.我的重感冒还没好。
5. free of charge ：at no cost ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
e. g. Your order will be delivered free of charge within a ten-mile limit.＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
所有的小册子都是免费赠送的。＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
拓展：
for free 免费
6. for a start首先
e. g. It won’t wok: for a start, it would take too long, and secondly it would cost too much. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
Tom should not be sent to carry out the task, for a start he hasn’t had enough experience.＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
练习
由于他驾车粗心，他被警察拘留了。
＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
纸全部用完了，我们得去买一些。
＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
我们必须依靠自己完成任务。
＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
他建议城里的公园应该对公众免费开放。
＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
这种药物可以去除你的背痛。
＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
他命令我立即开始工作。
＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
那幅画是用一个钉子固定在墙上。
＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
你必须努力学习科技，否则你就会被淘汰。
＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
把货物装上卡车花了一个小时。
＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
预知未来的事是不可能的.
＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿