语法专项复习
冠词
在中考中,冠词的考查点主要是不定冠词a和an、定冠词the以及零冠词的基本使用规则、习惯用法。冠词虽少,但考生在做题时应细心审题,切勿大意。
知识点
1
不定冠词的用法
不定冠词
a/
an用于单数可数名词前,表示泛指。a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前,an用于以元音音素开头的单词前。
1.
表示数量“一”,与
one
相同。
2.
与专有名词连用,表示“某一”“一个叫……的人”。
3.
表示“每一”,相当于
per/
each/
every,用于某些表示时间、重量、长度等的单位前。
4.
表示第一次提到的人或事物,但不特别指明是哪一个时用不定冠词。
5.
表示一类人或事物时用不定冠词。
6.
用于某些固定短语中。
注意:
(1)“a
+
most”,表示“非常”。
(2)“a
+序数词”,表示“再一”“又一”。
(3)“a(n)
+名词”,作表语,表职业。
(4)世界上独一无二的事物前有修饰语时,用不定冠词。
(5)表示季节、月份、日期、三餐的名词前有修饰语时,用不定冠词。
(6)物质名词的具体化。
(7)抽象名词的具体化。
知识点
2
定冠词的用法
1.
表示特定的人或物时用定冠词。
2.
表示上文提到过的人或物前面用定冠词。
3.
表示谈话双方都知道的人或物前用定冠词。
4.
用于单数可数名词前表示类别,相当于不定冠词表示类别。
5.
在表示世界上独一无二的事物名词前用定冠词,但是前面有修饰语时可以用不定冠词。
6.
在表示方向、方位的名词前用定冠词。
7.
在表示自然现象的名词前加定冠词。注意,nature
前不用冠词。
8.
用于形容词之前表示一类人或物。
9.
表示乐器、娱乐场所的名词前加定冠词。
10.
用于序数词或形容词的最高级前。
注意:
(1)用在姓氏的复数前,表示一家人或者夫妇。
(2)与表示民族、国籍的名词连用,指全体。
(3)用在“越来越……”的结构中。
(4)用在表示世纪或者逢十进位的复数年代前。
(5)用在抓打人体某部位名词前。
(6)用在表示剂量的名词前。但是,by
weight/
volume,按重量、体积计算不用定冠词
the。
(7)用于特指的不可数名词前。
(8)用于江、河、湖、海、洋、运河等专有名词前。
(9)用于山脉群岛等专有名词前,但是孤岛孤山前不用冠词。
(10)用于海湾、海峡、沙漠等专有名词前。
(11)用于含有普通名词的专有名词前。
(12)表示公共建筑的专有名词前加定冠词。
(13)用于阶级、党派、组织机构等专有名词前。
(14)用于报纸、杂志、会议、条约、时期、朝代、历史事件前。
顺口溜:特指重提和唯一,方位顺序和乐器,姓氏复数国全名,岛屿海峡和海湾,年代团体和机关,海洋党派最高级,沙漠河流与群山,船名建筑和组织,会议条约和报刊,请你记住用定冠。
知识点
3
零冠词的用法
1.
表示一类人或事物的复数名词前,不用冠词。
2.
当
man
表示人类,或者当
man
和
woman
表示全体时,不用冠词。
3.
在球类运动之前不加冠词。
4.
在一日三餐之前,不加冠词。
5.
许多有关组织机构和交通工具的短语中,不加冠词。
6.
在语言名词前一般不加冠词。但是与
language
连用时要加冠词。
7.
在表示家人称谓或称呼前不用冠词。
8.
不含普通名词的专有名词前不用冠词。
9.
当抽象名词表示一般概念时,不加冠词。
10.
当物质名词表示一般概念时,不用冠词。
11.
当名词前有指示代词、不定代词或名词所有格时,序数词前有物主代词修饰时,均不用冠词。
12.
在表示季节、月份、日期、星期等的名词前不用冠词。
13.
在节假日等名词前不用冠词。但是与
festival
连用时,要用定冠词
the。
14.
在表示学科的名词前不加冠词。
15.
在固定短语中,有时也不用冠词。
注意:
有些词组或短语有无冠词,意义是不一样的。请考生留意它们的区别。
·常见错误分析·
1.
不定冠词
a
和
an
误用。有些考生没有理解
a
和
an
分别用于以辅音音素和元音音素开头的单词前,而是简单地理解为以辅音字母和元音字母开头。
2.
一些考生没有熟练掌握冠词的用法,不了解中英文语言习惯的不同,会出现漏用冠词的情况。
3.
有些考生没有掌握有无冠词意义不一样的情况,导致词组或短语在语境中运用错误。
例题解析:
1.—Have
you
ever
worked
as
______
volunteer
during
the
COVID-19
pandemic?
—Yes.
It
was
______
unforgettable
experience
for
me.
A.
an;
an
B.
an;
a
C.
a;
an
D.
a;
a
分析与解答
C
此题考查不定冠词的用法。对话意思:——你在新冠疫情期间曾做过志愿者吗?——做过。这对我来说是一次难忘的经历。an不定冠词,表泛指,用于元音音素开头的词前;a不定冠词,表泛指,用于辅音音素开头的词前。分析句子可知,两处均表示泛指,第一处用于辅音音素开头的volunteer前;第二处用于元音音素开头的unforgettable前。
2.Look!
There
are
so
many
stars
in
______
sky.
A.
a
B.
an
C.
the
D.\
分析与解答
C
此题考查定冠词的用法。句意:看!天空中有那么多星星。a/an意为“一、一个”,是不定冠词,表示泛指;the是定冠词,表示特指某个(些)人或者物。根据题干可知,此处指的是“在天空中”,sky是独一无二的,其前用定冠词the。
3.—Does
your
teacher
go
to
work
by
______
car
every
day?
—No.
He
usually
takes
______
bus.
A.
\;
\
B.
\;
the
C.
a;
the
D.
the;
a
分析与解答
B
此题考查冠词。对话意思:——你的老师每天坐轿车去上班吗?——不,他通常坐公交车。the是定冠词,表示确指;a是不定冠词,表示泛指。第一空表示“坐轿车”,用固定结构by
car,不用冠词。第二空表示“坐公交车”,用take
the
bus,the在此处表示确指。
1.
—Bill,
how
often
do
you
take
______
walk?
—Every
day.
A.
a
B.
an
C.
the
D.\
2.
—What
are
you
going
to
do
this
afternoon?
—I
will
go
to
the
supermarket
and
buy
___
umbrella
for
climbing
the
mountains.
A.
a
B.
an
C.
the
D.\
3.
What
______
good
advice
you’ve
given
me
to
keep
healthy!
A.\
B.
a
C.
an
D.
the
4.
Annie
can
play
______
violin
very
well.
A.
a
B.
an
C.
the
D.\
5.
—Bob,
who’s
______
man
with
______
invitation
in
hand
by
the
door?
—He
is
my
uncle.
A.\;
a
B.
the;
an
C.
the;
a
D.\;
the
6.
There
is
______
restaurant
on
North
Street.
It
is
______
most
famous
one
here.
A.
a;
the
B.
the;
a
C.
the;
an
D.
an;
the
7.
—What
did
you
do
yesterday
afternoon?
—First
I
did
my
homework,
and
then
I
played
___
basketball
for
half
______
hour.
A.\;
the
B.
the;\
C.\;
an
D.
the;
an
8.
The
Smiths
usually
have
______
picnic
in
the
park
on
Sundays.
A.
a
B.\
C.
the
D.
an
9.
I
have
______
dog.
His
name
is
Floppy.
A.
a
B.
an
C.
the
D.\
10.
Lao
She
is
______
great
writer.
He’s
especially
famous
for
______
play
Teahouse.
A.an;
the
B.
a;
the
C.
an;
a
D.
a;
an
11.
Cathy
is
______
American.
She
is
teaching
us
English
in
China
now.
A.
a
B.
an
C.
the
D.\
12.
I
would
like
to
be
______
scientist
in
the
future.
A.
a
B.
an
C.
the
D.\
13.
In
2016,
China
set
April
24th
as
______
National
Space
Day.
A.
a;
the
B.
the;
the
C.
the;
\
D.\;
the
14.
Chinese
volleyball
player
Zhu
Ting
has
become
___
world-recognized
sports
star.
A.
a
B.
the
C.
an
D.\
15.
Tom
was
happy
to
get
a
chance
to
play
______
football
for
the
school
team.
A.
a
B.
an
C.
the
D.\
16.
Leap
is
_
film
on
the
Chinese
women’s
national
volleyball
team.
_
film
is
fantastic.
A.
a;
A
B.
a;
The
C.
the;
The
D.
the;
A
17.
—Amy,
do
you
know
the
man
and
his
wife?
—Of
course.
They
play
______
piano
well.
A.
a
B.
an
C.\
D.
the
18.
It
took
us
one
hour
and
______
half
to
read
Little
Women.
A.
a
B.
an
C.\
D.
the
19.
I
read
______
unusual
story
last
night.
______
story
is
about
Dr.
Zhong
Nanshan.
A.
an;
A
B.
a;
The
C.
an;
The
D.
a;
A
20.
I
enjoy
having
____
breakfast
with
my
family
at
home.
It
makes
me
feel
relaxed.
A.
a
B.
the
C.\
D.
an
21.
I
like
playing
______
chess
but
my
brother
likes
playing
______
guitar.
A.
the;
the
B.
the;
\
C.\;
the
D.\;
\
22.
Zhong
Nanshan
is
not
only
______
excellent
doctor
but
also
a
brave
fighter.
A.
a
B.
an
C.
the
D.\
23.
—What
do
you
usually
do
after
dinner?
—I
usually
watch
news
on
TV
for
half
______
hour
to
know
about
what’s
happening.
A.\
B.
the
C.
a
D.
an
24.
—Look
at
_____
boy
over
there.
He
looks
excited.
—Yeah,
he
has
won__first
prize
in
the
school
English
reading
and
writing
competition.
A.
a;
the
B.
the;
a
C.
the;
the
D.
a;
a
25.
—Mike!
Our
country
is
building
the
third
aircraft
carrier(航空母舰).
Xinhua
News
Agency
reported
last
month.
—What
______
unusual
thing!
I’m
proud
______
it.
A.
a;
of
B.
an;
of
C.
the;
in
D.\;
in
26.
—What
are
you
going
to
be
when
you
grow
up?
—I’m
going
to
be
______
doctor
like
Zhong
Nanshan.
A.
a
B.
an
C.
the
D.\
27.
—Candy,
I
have
a
toothache.
What
should
I
do?
—You’d
better
see
a
dentist
and
get
______
X-ray.
A.
an
B.
a
C.\
D.
the
28.
—Do
you
know
2019
is
the
year
of
the
Pig?
—Sure.
The
pig
is
______
twelfth
sign
in
the
Chinese
zodiac(生肖)
cycle.
A.
a
B.
an
C.
the
D.\
29.
I
got
a
nice
gift
from
my
aunt
and
______
gift
was
a
souvenir(纪念品)
from
her
study
tour
in
England.
A.\
B.
a
C.
an
D.
the
30.
Bruce
likes
playing
___
soccer,
so
his
father
bought
him
____
soccer
ball.
A.
a;
an
B.
the;
a
C.\;
the
D.\;
a
31.
It’s
______
pity
that
many
wild
animals
are
now
in
danger.
Please
have
______
pity
on
them
since
they
are
part
of
our
big
family.
A.
a;
\
B.
a;
a
C.\;
a
D.\;
\
参考答案;
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