Unit
4
Space
Exploration测试卷
（A卷基础卷）原卷版
【新人教版】
注意事项：
1.
答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡上。
2.
回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3.
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分
阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节
（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
???
No
human
has
set
foot
on
the
Moon
since
1972.
Now,
after
more
than
four
decades
of
inactivity,
interest
in
putting
humans
back
on
the
Moon
is
finally
heating
up
again.
But
who
will
get
there
first?
CHINA
On
14
December
2013,
China
successfully
landed
its
Jade
Rabbit
rover(探测车)on
the
Moon.
It
is
now
working
on
its
next
exploration
mission.
Named
Chang’e
4,
the
mission
is
scheduled
to
touch
down
in
the
Aitken
Basin
near
the
end
of
2018.
If
successful,
it
will
be
the
first
landing
on
the
Moon’s
far
side.
RUSSIA
Russia
plans
a
manned
Moon
landing
in
2030.
It
is
currently
working
on
a
project
whose
idea
is
that
the
landers
will
explore
the
south
pole
of
the
Moon,
exploring
for
resources
such
as
minerals
and
water
ice
to
be
used
to
provide
for
a
human
outpost(前哨站).
INDIA
Following
the
success
of
its
Chandrayaan-1
in
2008,
India
announced
a
follow-on
mission.
Chandrayaan-2
was
meant
to
cooperate
with
Russia.
But
when
the
Russians
failed
to
deliver
the
promised
lander
in
2013,
India
decided
to
go
it
alone.
Chandrayaan-2
is
about
to
be
sent
up
in
2018.
U.
S.
A.
In
December
2018,
NASA
plans
to
send
up
the
Exploration
Mission
1,
an
uncrewed
test
of
their
Orion
astronaut
capsule
in
which
the
craft
will
circle
around
the
Moon
before
returning
to
Earth.
All
being
well,
a
crewed
capsule
will
follow
in
2023.
Should
the
mission
prove
a
success,
the
astronauts
will
be
the
first
humans
to
see
the
far
side
of
the
Moon
with
their
own
eyes
since
Apollo
17
in
1972.
1.
What
will
China
do
in
its
next
space
mission?
A.
Improve
its
Jade
Rabbit
rover.
B.
Work
with
other
countries.
C.
Land
Chang’e
4
on
the
Moon.
D.
Explore
the
south
pole
of
the
Moon.
2.
Why
did
India
try
to
carry
out
its
follow-on
mission
alone?
A.
It
couldn’t
find
a
partner.
B.
It
didn’t
get
the
lander
as
planned.
C.
The
Russians
refused
to
work
with
India.
D.
It
planned
to
launch
Chandrayaan-2
in
advance.
3.
Which
country
is
interested
in
resources
on
the
Moon?
A.
Russia.
B.
China.
C.
India.
D.
U.
S.
A.
B
??
Since
several
organizations
plan
to
put
the
first
man
on
Mars
by
2030,
new
trips
to
the
moon
will
take
place
around
2020-2025.
If
you
go
to
the
moon,
you
need
a
place
to
stay
in.
What
will
it
be
like?
Maybe
the
following
article
can
give
us
some
inspiration.
???
August
23,
2025-Today
a
new
chapter
in
space
travel
is
written.
Rod
Markham
and
his
wife-to-be
Susan
Milliliter
arrived
safely
at
the
moon
to
spend
5
nights
as
the
first
guests
at
the
Starbright
Hotel
that
was
set
up
for
this
purpose
two
years
ago.
???
Not
only
are
they
the
first
hotel
guests
on
the
moon,
but
they
also
set
a
new
record
for
expensive
accommodation
since
the
price
was
$3.7
million
per
night,
per
person.
However,
the
move
from
the
earth
to
the
hotel
was
included
in
the
price.
???
The
hotel
itself
will
probably
have
a
hard
time
just
to
try
to
gain
one
star
in
any
hotel
rating
system,
since
there
is
no
room
service.
The
guests
have
to
do
the
cleaning
of
the
room
themselves
and
there
is
no
bathroom
in
it.
However,
they
have
more
stars
than
they
need
just
outside
their
???
Rod
and
Susan
will
get
married
by
linking
their
local
minister
in
San
Diego,
California
at
9:00
pm
EST
tonight,
and
the
wedding
will
be
broadcast
live
by
several
major
TV
networks
in
a
1-hour
special
report,
including
the
preparations
for
the
trip.
???
Six
astronauts
are
along
with
them
and
during
the
stay
they?ll
set
up
further
accommodations
for
the
guests
who
have
made
reservations
at
the
Star-bright
Hotel
next
year.
The
hotel
has
no
employees,
only
some
workers
when
guests
stay
at
it.
4.
What
does
the
new
chapter
in
space
travel
refer
to
according
to
Paragraph
2?
A.
Human
landed
on
Mars
for
the
first
time.
B.
The
first
hotel
on
the
moon
was
set
up.
C.
The
first
hotel
guests
landed
on
the
moon.
D.
The
hotel
on
Mars
welcomed
its
first
guests.
5.
During
the
couple?s
stay
at
the
Star-bright
Hotel,
they
________.
A.
can?t
find
much
help
B.
will
get
five-star
service
C.
have
to
cook
food
themselves
D.
can
use
the
bathroom
in
their
room
6.
What
can
we
learn
about
the
wedding
of
Rod
and
Susan?
A.
It
will
last
for
an
hour.
B.
It
can
be
watched
live
on
the
earth.
C.
A
minister
on
the
moon
will
host
it.
D.
Their
relatives
and
friends
will
be
present.
7.
What
will
the
six
astronauts
do
during
the
stay
of
Rod
and
Susan?
A.
Accept
reservations
from
others.
B.
Improve
room
service
for
the
couple.
C.
Look
for
several
employees
for
the
hotel.
D.
Prepare
accommodations
for
future
guests.
C
??
At
first,
the
earth?s
surface
layer
(层)
was
made
up
of
huge
blocks
of
hard,
solid
rocks.
Then
slowly,
the
rocks
broke
up
into
smaller
and
smaller
pieces.
Finally
stones,
pebbles
(卵石)
and
grains
of
sand
were
formed.
Many
sorts
of
plants
and
animals
lived
and
died
on
the
surface
of
the
earth.
Their
remains
mixed
with
stones
and
pebbles
formed
soil.
The
outmost
layer
of
the
earth
is
soil.
???
There
are
many
ways
in
which
large
pieces
of
rock
break
into
smaller
ones.
Wind,
water,
heat
and
cold
help
to
break
up
rocks.
When
winds
blow
grains
of
sand
against
a
large
rock
for
a
long
time,
the
softer
layers
of
the
rock
are
slowly
worn
away.
That
leaves
holes
and
cracks
in
the
rock,
which
become
bigger
and
finally
the
rock
breaks
up
into
smaller
pieces.
???
The
moving
water
of
streams
and
rivers
also
helps
to
break
up
rocks.
As
the
water
moves
along,
it
carries
with
small
pieces
of
rock.
These
rub
the
larger
ones.
Thus,
the
larger
rocks
are
worn
down
to
smaller
pieces.
???
The
heat
of
the
sun
is
also
helpful
to
breaking
up
rocks.
When
the
sun
shines,
the
rocks
become
very
hot.
If
these
rocks
are
suddenly
cooled,
they
may
crack.
Ice
also
plays
a
part
in
making
soil.
Water
in
the
cracks
can
turn
into
ice
in
cold
weather.
As
this
happens,
the
cracks
become
bigger
and
wider,
and
finally
break
into
smaller
pieces.
8.
According
to
the
passage,
soil
________.
A.
forms
very
slowly
B.
is
a
mixture
of
stones,
pebbles
and
sand
C.
makes
up
the
layers
of
the
earth
D.
is
becoming
smaller
and
smaller
9.
How
many
factors
are
mentioned
in
helping
break
up
rocks?
A.
Three.
B.
Four.
C.
Five.
D.
More
than
five.
10.
Which
of
the
following
is
NOT
true?
A.
The
remains
of
many
plants
and
animals
formed
soil.
B.
If
a
large
rock
never
moves,
it
will
never
break
up.
C.
The
changes
in
temperature
will
help
to
break
up
rocks.
D.
Ice
in
the
cracks
helps
to
break
up
rocks.
11.
The
best
title
for
this
passage
should
be
________.
A.
Soil
from
Rocks
B.
Ways
to
Break
up
Rocks
C.
Soil
on
the
Earth
D.
Soil,
Outmost
Layer
of
the
Earth
D
???
I
have
recently
moved
to
Hamburg
in
Germany
and
have
always
heard
that
Germans
just
wear
jeans
or
some
strange
clothes.
Since
I
moved
here,
I
have
found
this
actually
is
completely
false
and
I
think
I
would
prefer
it
if
they
did
just
wear
jeans,
so
I
could
do
the
same!
???
Hamburg
is
a
very
big
shopping
city.
Apart
from
H&M,
New
Yorker
and
Mango,
I
have
found
a
New
Look
and
a
new
Topshop
have
recently
just
opened.
These
shops
are
quite
popular
in
the
UK
and
sell
clothes
which
are
always
considered
as
very
"fashionable".
???
Another
thing
I
am
really
struggling
with
is
that
I
am
trying
to
find
the
right
clothes
for
the
weather.
I
have
found
in
Hamburg
one
minute
it
is
nice
and
sunny,
but
the
next
minute
it
is
throwing
it
down
with
rain!
One
day
it
might
start
off
really
rainy
and
cold,
but
by
lunch
time
it
is
sunny
and
really
hot,
so
wearing
a
coat
is
not
practical.
???
In
general,
however,
I
think
it
has
also
got
cold
here
very
quickly
and
it
already
feels
like
the
winter
that
I
am
used
to.
I
frequently
go
out
in
my
winter
coat,
hat,
gloves
and
scarf
while
many
other
people
are
still
only
wearing
jeans
or
leather
jackets.
I
don't
understand
how
they
do
it
as
I
am
always
freezing.
Is
it
better
to
blend
in
with
(与……协调)
fashion
or
be
warm?
I
think
I
would
rather
be
warm
and
maybe
look
like
a
bit
of
a
banana
in
a
huge
coat
rather
than
be
shivering
all
day.
???
What
do
you
think?
Clearly
I
am
missing
something
here
as
I
seem
to
be
the
only
one
to
struggle
with
these
fashion
decisions.
12.
When
the
writer
is
in
Hamburg,
she
finds
Germans
________.
A.
care
more
about
what
to
wear
B.
don't
always
wear
jeans
C.
like
wearing
fashionable
clothes
D.
like
wearing
jeans
13.
Shopping
in
Hamburg
is
very
________.
A.
difficult
B.
funny
C.
exciting
D.
convenient
14.
We
know
the
weather
in
Hamburg
is
________.
A.
changeable
B.
comfortable
C.
rainy
D.
lovely
15.
What
does
the
underlined
word
"shivering"
probably
mean?
A.
Wandering.
B.
Searching.
C.
Shaking.
D.
Watching.
第二节
（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Life
on
Mars:
Is
it
really
possible?
Now
that
Curiosity
is
beaming
back
Earth-like
pictures
of
Martian
landscape,
the
old
question
raises
its
head:
Could
man
and
woman
ever
go
there?
The
answer
is
very
definitely
yes.
There
are
a
number
of
practical
challenges
to
overcome
first,
however.
There
are
differences
between
Earth
and
Mars,
but
also
a
number
of
similarities.
?
?
?(16)?
?
?
Phobos
and
Deimos
???
Unlike
Earth,
Mars
does
not
have
a
polar
magnetic
field.
Scientists
believe
that
the
two
Martian
moons,
Phobos
and
Deimos,
are
little
planets.
?
?
?(17)?
?
?
?
?
?(18)?
?
?
???
For
the
annual
IGEM
or
International
Genetically
Engineered
Machines
competition,
students
around
the
world
attempt
to
make
living
cells
perform
new
tasks.
In
preparation
for
the
human
colonization
of
Mars,
seeds
and
organic
matter
would
have
to
be
transported
from
Earth
to
begin
growing
plants
and
establishing
a
food
supply.
Super-sized
Bees
???
Plants
need
pollinators
as
well
as
water,
and
the
best
pollinator
on
Earth
is
the
humble
bee-and
entire
hives
would
be
transported
to
Mars.
?
?
?(19)?
?
?However,
without
natural
predators,
they
could
grow
very
large,
indeed.
Overcoming
Challenges-Opening
Possibilities
???
There
will
be
other
challenges
to
overcome,
for
example,
the
effect
on
the
human
body
of
living
in
a
field
with
low
gravity.
?
?
?(20)?
?
?Right
now,
we
ought
to
welcome
the
challenges.
The
more
challenges
we
overcome
now,
the
more
prepared
we
will
be
for
moving
out
of
our
solar
system
and
into
the
grand,
universal
adventure
that
is
ahead
of
us.
A．IGEM
B．The
next
question
is:
Could
man
colonize
Mars?
C．Once
there,
the
insects
would
be
let
loose
among
the
plants.
D．However,
all
kinds
of
other
interesting
things
will
be
happening.
E．But
these
are
already
issues
for
astronauts
living
on
the
International
Space
Station.
F．They
do
not
have
the
stabilizing
effect
on
the
spin
of
the
planet
like
the
moon
has
upon
Earth.
G．Mars
has
Earth-like
seasons
and
the
planet
surface
is
abundant
in
minerals
essential
for
plant
growth.
第二部分
语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节
（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
All
passengers
boarded
(登机),
and
the
flight
would
be
on
time.
However,
I
noticed
an
adult
passenger
sitting
at
the
gate
(登机口)
crying.
I
asked
the
gate
staff
what
was
up
and
they
told
me
the
passenger
was
not
?
?
?(21)?
?
?to
board
due
to
a
problem
of
his
ticket.
His
last
name
in
the
ticket
was
?
?
?(22)?
?
?wrongly
by
a
letter
but
he
had
?
?
?(23)?
?
?it
before.
The
man
told
me
that
his
father
was
just
in
the
?
?
?(24)?
?
?
and
he
needed
to
take
this
flight
to
hopefully
see
him
before
he
?
?
?(25)?
?
?.
Unfortunately,
there
was
nothing
the
gate
staff
could
do
about
it.
They
toht
him
to
buy
a
new
ticket.
?
?
?(26)?
?
?,
the
flight
was
to
leave
ten
minutes
later
and
it
was
impossible
for
him
to
do
so.
He
told
me
he
wou|d
be
really
?
?
?(27)?
?
?if
he
wouldn?t
be
able
to
say
his
final
goodbye
to
his
dad.
Seeing
a
grown
man
crying
sadly,
I
was
sure
that
he
was
telling
the
?
?
?(28)?
?
?.
I
considered
for
a
while
and
then
thought
of
?
?
?(29)?
?
?I
could
do
to
help
him.
As
a
member
of
the
staff,
I
have
a
?
?
?(30)?
?
?-I
can
issue
(发)
tickets
through
an
online
system
to
my
family
or
?
?
?(31)?
?
?.
Then,
I
provided
a
staff
ticket
for
this
passenger.
I
passed
the
ticket
to
him
?
?
?(32)?
?
?his
knowing
what
I?d
done.
I
just
hoped
that
he
wouldn?t
?
?
?(33)?
?
?
any
of
his
father?s
last
words.
Later,
the
gate
staff
told
me
they
would
help
me
keep
the
?
?
?(34)?
?
?as
we
can
only
use
the
staff
tickets
for
people
we
know.
???
I
was
so
proud
that
day
?
?
?(35)?
?
?
I
did
something
meaningful
for
a
person
in
need.
21.
A.
forced
B.
allowed
C.
advised
D.
persuaded
22.
A.
read
B.
spelled
C.
understood
D.
remembered
23.
A.
found
B.
recorded
C.
imagined
D.
ignored
24.
A.
airport
B.
office
C.
school
D.
hospital
25.
A.
gave
up
B.
came
back
C.
passed
away
D.
settled
down
26.
A.
Instead
B.
However
C.
Otherwise
D.
Therefore
27.
A.
regretful
B.
confused
C.
anxious
D.
hopeless
28.
A.
lie
B.
truth
C.
joke
D.
story
29.
A.
nothing
B.
anything
C.
something
D.
everything
30.
A.
goal
B.
duty
C.
task
D.
right
31.
A.
pets
B.
friends
C.
customers
D.
passengers
32.
A.
for
B.
after
C.
since
D.
without
33.
A.
miss
B.
repeat
C.
forget
D.
mind
34.
A.
secret
B.
rule
C.
promise
D.
appointment
35.
A.
because
B.
before
C.
until
D.
unless
第二节
（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Life
on
Mars
Some
people
believe
humans
could
live
on
the
planet
Mars
by
the
year
2100.
Our
own
planet,
the
Earth,
is
becoming
more
and
more
crowded
and
polluted
because
of
the
rapid
increase
in
population.
?
(36)??(hopeful),
people
could
start
all
over
again
and
build
??(37)
??better
world
on
Mars.
Here
is
what
life
there
could
be
like.
At
present,
our
spacecraft
are
very
slow
--
it
would
take
?
(38)
??(month).
With
the
development
of
technology,
the
journey
might
only
take
about
20
minutes
by
2100
in
spacecraft
?(39)??travel
at
the
speed
of
light!
?
(40)
?,
the
spacecraft
would
travel
so
fast
that
the
journey
might
be
quite
?
(41)???(comfort).
Many
people
would
feel
ill.
Humans
cannot
survive
??(42)
??water,
oxygen
or
food.
Nobody
knows
??(43)
??there
would
be
enough
water
or
oxygen
on
Mars
for
people
there.
Gravity
could
be
another
problem.
The
gravity
on
Mars
?(44)
??(be)
only
about
three-eighths
of
that
on
the
Earth.
People
would
have
to
wear
boots
that
are
specially
designed
to
prevent
?(45)??from
floating
off
into
space.
Life
on
Mars
would
be
interesting
as
well
as
challenging.
第三部分
写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节
（满分15分）
请根据下列内容，用英文介绍霍金(Stephen
Hawking)。
(1)世界最著名的物理学家和宇宙学家之一；
(2)21岁患一种奇怪的病，但他没有失去信心，坚强地活了下来；
(3)他提出了黑洞和灰洞理论，并写了《时间简史》一书，此书被翻译成40种文字；
(4)2018年3月，霍金去世，享年76岁，世人因他在科学方面的成就而尊敬和纪念他。
注意：(1)词数：80左右；
(2)参考词汇：cosmologist宇宙学家；A
Brief
History
of
Time《时间简史》
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节
（满分25分）
阅读下面的短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Parents
everywhere
praise
their
kids.
Jenn
Berman,
author
of
The
A
to
Z
Guide
to
Raising
Happy
and
Confident
Kids,
says,
“We?ve
gone
to
the
opposite
extreme
of
a
few
decades
ago
when
parents
tended
to
be
more
strict.”
By
giving
kids
a
lot
of
praise,
parents
think
they?re
building
their
children?s
confidence,
when,
in
fact,
it
may
be
just
the
opposite.
Too
much
praise
can
backfire
and,
when
given
in
a
way
that?s
insincere,
make
kids
afraid
to
try
new
things
or
take
a
risk
for
fear
of
not
being
able
to
stay
on
top
where
their
parents?
praise
has
put
them.
Still,
don?t
go
too
far
in
the
other
direction.
Not
giving
enough
praise
can
be
just
as
damaging
gas
giving
too
much.
Kids
will
feel
like
they?re
not
good
enough
or
that
you
don?t
care
and,
as
a
result,
may
see
no
point
in
trying
hard
for
their
accomplishments.
So
what
is
the
right
amount
of
praise?
Experts
say
that
the
quality
of
praise
is
more
important
than
the
quantity.
If
praise
is
sincere
and
focused
on
the
effort
not
the
outcome,
you
can
give
it
as
often
as
your
child
does
something
that
deserves
a
verbal
reward.
“We
should
especially
recognize
our
children?s
efforts
to
push
themselves
and
work
hard
to
achieve
a
goal，”
says
Donahue,
author
of
Parenting
Without
Fear:
Letting
Go
of
Worry
and
Focusing
on
What
Really
Matters.
“One
thing
to
remember
is
that
it?s
the
process
not
the
end
product
that
matters.”
Your
son
may
not
be
the
best
basketball
player
on
his
team.
But
if
he?s
out
there
every
day
and
playing
hard,
you
should
praise
his
effort
regardless
of
whether
his
team
wins
or
loses.
Praising
the
effort
and
not
the
outcome
can
also
mean
recognizing
your
child
when
she
has
worked
hard
to
clean
the
yard,
cook
dinner,
or
finish
a
book
report.
But
whatever
it
is,
praise
should
be
given
on
a
case-by-case
basis
and
be
proportionate
to
the
amount
of
effort
your
child
has
put
into
it.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Unit
4
Space
Exploration测试卷
（A卷基础卷）解析版
【新人教版】
注意事项：
1.
答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡上。
2.
回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3.
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分
阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节
（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
???
No
human
has
set
foot
on
the
Moon
since
1972.
Now,
after
more
than
four
decades
of
inactivity,
interest
in
putting
humans
back
on
the
Moon
is
finally
heating
up
again.
But
who
will
get
there
first?
CHINA
On
14
December
2013,
China
successfully
landed
its
Jade
Rabbit
rover(探测车)on
the
Moon.
It
is
now
working
on
its
next
exploration
mission.
Named
Chang’e
4,
the
mission
is
scheduled
to
touch
down
in
the
Aitken
Basin
near
the
end
of
2018.
If
successful,
it
will
be
the
first
landing
on
the
Moon’s
far
side.
RUSSIA
Russia
plans
a
manned
Moon
landing
in
2030.
It
is
currently
working
on
a
project
whose
idea
is
that
the
landers
will
explore
the
south
pole
of
the
Moon,
exploring
for
resources
such
as
minerals
and
water
ice
to
be
used
to
provide
for
a
human
outpost(前哨站).
INDIA
Following
the
success
of
its
Chandrayaan-1
in
2008,
India
announced
a
follow-on
mission.
Chandrayaan-2
was
meant
to
cooperate
with
Russia.
But
when
the
Russians
failed
to
deliver
the
promised
lander
in
2013,
India
decided
to
go
it
alone.
Chandrayaan-2
is
about
to
be
sent
up
in
2018.
U.
S.
A.
In
December
2018,
NASA
plans
to
send
up
the
Exploration
Mission
1,
an
uncrewed
test
of
their
Orion
astronaut
capsule
in
which
the
craft
will
circle
around
the
Moon
before
returning
to
Earth.
All
being
well,
a
crewed
capsule
will
follow
in
2023.
Should
the
mission
prove
a
success,
the
astronauts
will
be
the
first
humans
to
see
the
far
side
of
the
Moon
with
their
own
eyes
since
Apollo
17
in
1972.
1.
What
will
China
do
in
its
next
space
mission?
A.
Improve
its
Jade
Rabbit
rover.
B.
Work
with
other
countries.
C.
Land
Chang’e
4
on
the
Moon.
D.
Explore
the
south
pole
of
the
Moon.
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查细节理解题。根据第二段第三句可知,
嫦娥四号将在2018年底降落在月球Aitken
Basin地区。据此可知,
中国的下一步空间计划是嫦娥四号登月,
故选C项。
2.
Why
did
India
try
to
carry
out
its
follow-on
mission
alone?
A.
It
couldn’t
find
a
partner.
B.
It
didn’t
get
the
lander
as
planned.
C.
The
Russians
refused
to
work
with
India.
D.
It
planned
to
launch
Chandrayaan-2
in
advance.
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查细节理解题。根据第四段第三句可知,
由于俄罗斯没能给印度提供着陆器,
因此印度决定自己实施登月计划,
故项B项。
3.
Which
country
is
interested
in
resources
on
the
Moon?
A.
Russia.
B.
China.
C.
India.
D.
U.
S.
A.
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知,
当前俄罗斯正启动一项工程,
其思路是登陆器将探索月球的南极,
寻找矿物质和水冰等资源以供人类前哨站使用。故选A项。
B
??
Since
several
organizations
plan
to
put
the
first
man
on
Mars
by
2030,
new
trips
to
the
moon
will
take
place
around
2020-2025.
If
you
go
to
the
moon,
you
need
a
place
to
stay
in.
What
will
it
be
like?
Maybe
the
following
article
can
give
us
some
inspiration.
???
August
23,
2025-Today
a
new
chapter
in
space
travel
is
written.
Rod
Markham
and
his
wife-to-be
Susan
Milliliter
arrived
safely
at
the
moon
to
spend
5
nights
as
the
first
guests
at
the
Starbright
Hotel
that
was
set
up
for
this
purpose
two
years
ago.
???
Not
only
are
they
the
first
hotel
guests
on
the
moon,
but
they
also
set
a
new
record
for
expensive
accommodation
since
the
price
was
$3.7
million
per
night,
per
person.
However,
the
move
from
the
earth
to
the
hotel
was
included
in
the
price.
???
The
hotel
itself
will
probably
have
a
hard
time
just
to
try
to
gain
one
star
in
any
hotel
rating
system,
since
there
is
no
room
service.
The
guests
have
to
do
the
cleaning
of
the
room
themselves
and
there
is
no
bathroom
in
it.
However,
they
have
more
stars
than
they
need
just
outside
their
???
Rod
and
Susan
will
get
married
by
linking
their
local
minister
in
San
Diego,
California
at
9:00
pm
EST
tonight,
and
the
wedding
will
be
broadcast
live
by
several
major
TV
networks
in
a
1-hour
special
report,
including
the
preparations
for
the
trip.
???
Six
astronauts
are
along
with
them
and
during
the
stay
they?ll
set
up
further
accommodations
for
the
guests
who
have
made
reservations
at
the
Star-bright
Hotel
next
year.
The
hotel
has
no
employees,
only
some
workers
when
guests
stay
at
it.
4.
What
does
the
new
chapter
in
space
travel
refer
to
according
to
Paragraph
2?
A.
Human
landed
on
Mars
for
the
first
time.
B.
The
first
hotel
on
the
moon
was
set
up.
C.
The
first
hotel
guests
landed
on
the
moon.
D.
The
hotel
on
Mars
welcomed
its
first
guests.
【答案】
【解析】本题考查细节理解题。根据第二段的第二句Rod
Markham
and
his
wife-to-be
Susan
Milliliter
arrived
safely
at
the
moon
to
spend
5
nights
as
the
first
guests
at
the
Starbright
Hotel
that
was
set
up
for
this
purpose
two
years
ago.可知，这里的新篇章指的是月球迎来了第一批住宿的旅客，故选C项。
5.
During
the
couple?s
stay
at
the
Star-bright
Hotel,
they
________.
A.
can?t
find
much
help
B.
will
get
five-star
service
C.
have
to
cook
food
themselves
D.
can
use
the
bathroom
in
their
room
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查推理判断题。根据第四段的内容可知，这个旅馆没有客房服务，因此夫妻俩许多事都要亲力亲为，不会得到很多帮助，故选A项。
6.
What
can
we
learn
about
the
wedding
of
Rod
and
Susan?
A.
It
will
last
for
an
hour.
B.
It
can
be
watched
live
on
the
earth.
C.
A
minister
on
the
moon
will
host
it.
D.
Their
relatives
and
friends
will
be
present.
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查细节理解题。根据第五段内容可知，婚礼上他们会连线在圣迭戈的神父做主持，并由几家电视台进行实况转播，故选B项。
7.
What
will
the
six
astronauts
do
during
the
stay
of
Rod
and
Susan?
A.
Accept
reservations
from
others.
B.
Improve
room
service
for
the
couple.
C.
Look
for
several
employees
for
the
hotel.
D.
Prepare
accommodations
for
future
guests.
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查细节理解题。根据最后一段的第一句?Six
astronauts
are
along
with
them
and
during
the
stay
they?ll
set
up
further
accommodations
for
the
guests
who
have
made
reservations
at
the
Star-bright
Hotel
next
year.可知，这六个宇航员会在那里为接下来已预订旅馆的人准备住宿，故选D项。
C
??
At
first,
the
earth?s
surface
layer
(层)
was
made
up
of
huge
blocks
of
hard,
solid
rocks.
Then
slowly,
the
rocks
broke
up
into
smaller
and
smaller
pieces.
Finally
stones,
pebbles
(卵石)
and
grains
of
sand
were
formed.
Many
sorts
of
plants
and
animals
lived
and
died
on
the
surface
of
the
earth.
Their
remains
mixed
with
stones
and
pebbles
formed
soil.
The
outmost
layer
of
the
earth
is
soil.
???
There
are
many
ways
in
which
large
pieces
of
rock
break
into
smaller
ones.
Wind,
water,
heat
and
cold
help
to
break
up
rocks.
When
winds
blow
grains
of
sand
against
a
large
rock
for
a
long
time,
the
softer
layers
of
the
rock
are
slowly
worn
away.
That
leaves
holes
and
cracks
in
the
rock,
which
become
bigger
and
finally
the
rock
breaks
up
into
smaller
pieces.
???
The
moving
water
of
streams
and
rivers
also
helps
to
break
up
rocks.
As
the
water
moves
along,
it
carries
with
small
pieces
of
rock.
These
rub
the
larger
ones.
Thus,
the
larger
rocks
are
worn
down
to
smaller
pieces.
???
The
heat
of
the
sun
is
also
helpful
to
breaking
up
rocks.
When
the
sun
shines,
the
rocks
become
very
hot.
If
these
rocks
are
suddenly
cooled,
they
may
crack.
Ice
also
plays
a
part
in
making
soil.
Water
in
the
cracks
can
turn
into
ice
in
cold
weather.
As
this
happens,
the
cracks
become
bigger
and
wider,
and
finally
break
into
smaller
pieces.
8.
According
to
the
passage,
soil
________.
A.
forms
very
slowly
B.
is
a
mixture
of
stones,
pebbles
and
sand
C.
makes
up
the
layers
of
the
earth
D.
is
becoming
smaller
and
smaller
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查推理判断题。第一段中提到岩石慢慢地破裂，成为小的石头，其后动植物遗体跟石头、卵石混合在一起，形成了土壤，可推知土壤的形成非常慢。故选A项。
9.
How
many
factors
are
mentioned
in
helping
break
up
rocks?
A.
Three.
B.
Four.
C.
Five.
D.
More
than
five.
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Wind,
water,
heat
and
cold”以及文章内容可知，促进岩石破裂主要有四种方法，故选B项。
10.
Which
of
the
following
is
NOT
true?
A.
The
remains
of
many
plants
and
animals
formed
soil.
B.
If
a
large
rock
never
moves,
it
will
never
break
up.
C.
The
changes
in
temperature
will
help
to
break
up
rocks.
D.
Ice
in
the
cracks
helps
to
break
up
rocks.
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查细节理解题。根据文中的四种岩石破裂的方法可知，即使岩石不动，它也会碎，故选B项。
11.
The
best
title
for
this
passage
should
be
________.
A.
Soil
from
Rocks
B.
Ways
to
Break
up
Rocks
C.
Soil
on
the
Earth
D.
Soil,
Outmost
Layer
of
the
Earth
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了岩石破裂的方法，因此标题与岩石碎裂有关，因此最好的题目为B.Ways
to
Break
up
Rocks，故选B项。
D
???
I
have
recently
moved
to
Hamburg
in
Germany
and
have
always
heard
that
Germans
just
wear
jeans
or
some
strange
clothes.
Since
I
moved
here,
I
have
found
this
actually
is
completely
false
and
I
think
I
would
prefer
it
if
they
did
just
wear
jeans,
so
I
could
do
the
same!
???
Hamburg
is
a
very
big
shopping
city.
Apart
from
H&M,
New
Yorker
and
Mango,
I
have
found
a
New
Look
and
a
new
Topshop
have
recently
just
opened.
These
shops
are
quite
popular
in
the
UK
and
sell
clothes
which
are
always
considered
as
very
"fashionable".
???
Another
thing
I
am
really
struggling
with
is
that
I
am
trying
to
find
the
right
clothes
for
the
weather.
I
have
found
in
Hamburg
one
minute
it
is
nice
and
sunny,
but
the
next
minute
it
is
throwing
it
down
with
rain!
One
day
it
might
start
off
really
rainy
and
cold,
but
by
lunch
time
it
is
sunny
and
really
hot,
so
wearing
a
coat
is
not
practical.
???
In
general,
however,
I
think
it
has
also
got
cold
here
very
quickly
and
it
already
feels
like
the
winter
that
I
am
used
to.
I
frequently
go
out
in
my
winter
coat,
hat,
gloves
and
scarf
while
many
other
people
are
still
only
wearing
jeans
or
leather
jackets.
I
don't
understand
how
they
do
it
as
I
am
always
freezing.
Is
it
better
to
blend
in
with
(与……协调)
fashion
or
be
warm?
I
think
I
would
rather
be
warm
and
maybe
look
like
a
bit
of
a
banana
in
a
huge
coat
rather
than
be
shivering
all
day.
???
What
do
you
think?
Clearly
I
am
missing
something
here
as
I
seem
to
be
the
only
one
to
struggle
with
these
fashion
decisions.
12.
When
the
writer
is
in
Hamburg,
she
finds
Germans
________.
A.
care
more
about
what
to
wear
B.
don't
always
wear
jeans
C.
like
wearing
fashionable
clothes
D.
like
wearing
jeans
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查细节理解题。从第一段的...have
always
heard
that
Germans
just
wear
jeans
or
some
strange
clothes.
Since
I
moved
here,
I
have
found
this
actually
is
completely
false可知，德国人只穿牛仔裤的说法是错误的，他们并不总是穿牛仔裤，故选B项。
13.
Shopping
in
Hamburg
is
very
________.
A.
difficult
B.
funny
C.
exciting
D.
convenient
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查细节理解题。从第二段的Hamburg
is
a
very
big
shopping
city.
Apart
from
H&M,
New
Yorker
and
Mango,
I
have
found
a
New
Look
and
a
new
Topshop
have
recently
just
opened可知，汉堡有很多大型服装品牌，购物是很方便的，故选D项。
14.
We
know
the
weather
in
Hamburg
is
________.
A.
changeable
B.
comfortable
C.
rainy
D.
lovely
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查细节理解题。从第三段的I
have
found
in
Hamburg
one
minute
it
is
nice
and
sunny,
but
the
next
minute
it
is
throwing
it
down
with
rain可知，汉堡的天气是易变的，故选A项。
15.
What
does
the
underlined
word
"shivering"
probably
mean?
A.
Wandering.
B.
Searching.
C.
Shaking.
D.
Watching.
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查词句猜测题。从前面的I
don't
understand
how
they
do
it
as
I
am
always
freezing及I
think
I
would
rather
be
warm可以判断出，画线词的词义应该是因寒冷而发抖，故选C项。
第二节
（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Life
on
Mars:
Is
it
really
possible?
Now
that
Curiosity
is
beaming
back
Earth-like
pictures
of
Martian
landscape,
the
old
question
raises
its
head:
Could
man
and
woman
ever
go
there?
The
answer
is
very
definitely
yes.
There
are
a
number
of
practical
challenges
to
overcome
first,
however.
There
are
differences
between
Earth
and
Mars,
but
also
a
number
of
similarities.
?
?
?(16)?
?
?
Phobos
and
Deimos
???
Unlike
Earth,
Mars
does
not
have
a
polar
magnetic
field.
Scientists
believe
that
the
two
Martian
moons,
Phobos
and
Deimos,
are
little
planets.
?
?
?(17)?
?
?
?
?
?(18)?
?
?
???
For
the
annual
IGEM
or
International
Genetically
Engineered
Machines
competition,
students
around
the
world
attempt
to
make
living
cells
perform
new
tasks.
In
preparation
for
the
human
colonization
of
Mars,
seeds
and
organic
matter
would
have
to
be
transported
from
Earth
to
begin
growing
plants
and
establishing
a
food
supply.
Super-sized
Bees
???
Plants
need
pollinators
as
well
as
water,
and
the
best
pollinator
on
Earth
is
the
humble
bee-and
entire
hives
would
be
transported
to
Mars.
?
?
?(19)?
?
?However,
without
natural
predators,
they
could
grow
very
large,
indeed.
Overcoming
Challenges-Opening
Possibilities
???
There
will
be
other
challenges
to
overcome,
for
example,
the
effect
on
the
human
body
of
living
in
a
field
with
low
gravity.
?
?
?(20)?
?
?Right
now,
we
ought
to
welcome
the
challenges.
The
more
challenges
we
overcome
now,
the
more
prepared
we
will
be
for
moving
out
of
our
solar
system
and
into
the
grand,
universal
adventure
that
is
ahead
of
us.
A．IGEM
B．The
next
question
is:
Could
man
colonize
Mars?
C．Once
there,
the
insects
would
be
let
loose
among
the
plants.
D．However,
all
kinds
of
other
interesting
things
will
be
happening.
E．But
these
are
already
issues
for
astronauts
living
on
the
International
Space
Station.
F．They
do
not
have
the
stabilizing
effect
on
the
spin
of
the
planet
like
the
moon
has
upon
Earth.
G．Mars
has
Earth-like
seasons
and
the
planet
surface
is
abundant
in
minerals
essential
for
plant
growth.
16.【答案】?G
【解析】根据上句There
are
differences
between
Earth
and
Mars,
but
also
a
number
of
similarities.介绍地球与火星有不同但也有相似之处，下面应具体举例。G项指出火星拥有与地球相似的季节和植物生长所必需的矿物质，符合语境，故选G项。
17.【答案】?F
【解析】根据上文?
Unlike
Earth,
Mars
does
not
have
a
polar
magnetic
field.
Scientists
believe
that
the
two
Martian
moons,
Phobos
and
Deimos,
are
little
planets.提到科学家认为Phobos和Deimos是火星的月亮，但其实是两颗小行星，因此它们对火星的旋转没有月亮对地球一样的稳定作用，故选F项。
18.【答案】?A
【解析】根据下文
For
the
annual
IGEM
or
International
Genetically
Engineered
Machines
competition,
students
around
the
world
attempt
to
make
living
cells
perform
new
tasks.?
出现IGEM关键词，由此可知A项符合本段的小标题，故选A项。
19.【答案】?C
【解析】根据上文
Plants
need
pollinators
as
well
as
water,
and
the
best
pollinator
on
Earth
is
the
humble
bee-and
entire
hives
would
be
transported
to
Mars.?提到为了把传粉者蜜蜂运到火星上，要把完整的蜂巢运过去，下面应介绍到达火星以后怎么做，故选C项。
20.【答案】?E
【解析】根据上一句
There
will
be
other
challenges
to
overcome,
for
example,
the
effect
on
the
human
body
of
living
in
a
field
with
low
gravity.?提到到火星以后将面对重力较小的问题，这正好是国际空间站的宇航员们遇到过的问题，E项符合语境。故选E项。
第二部分
语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节
（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
All
passengers
boarded
(登机),
and
the
flight
would
be
on
time.
However,
I
noticed
an
adult
passenger
sitting
at
the
gate
(登机口)
crying.
I
asked
the
gate
staff
what
was
up
and
they
told
me
the
passenger
was
not
?
?
?(21)?
?
?to
board
due
to
a
problem
of
his
ticket.
His
last
name
in
the
ticket
was
?
?
?(22)?
?
?wrongly
by
a
letter
but
he
had
?
?
?(23)?
?
?it
before.
The
man
told
me
that
his
father
was
just
in
the
?
?
?(24)?
?
?
and
he
needed
to
take
this
flight
to
hopefully
see
him
before
he
?
?
?(25)?
?
?.
Unfortunately,
there
was
nothing
the
gate
staff
could
do
about
it.
They
toht
him
to
buy
a
new
ticket.
?
?
?(26)?
?
?,
the
flight
was
to
leave
ten
minutes
later
and
it
was
impossible
for
him
to
do
so.
He
told
me
he
wou|d
be
really
?
?
?(27)?
?
?if
he
wouldn?t
be
able
to
say
his
final
goodbye
to
his
dad.
Seeing
a
grown
man
crying
sadly,
I
was
sure
that
he
was
telling
the
?
?
?(28)?
?
?.
I
considered
for
a
while
and
then
thought
of
?
?
?(29)?
?
?I
could
do
to
help
him.
As
a
member
of
the
staff,
I
have
a
?
?
?(30)?
?
?-I
can
issue
(发)
tickets
through
an
online
system
to
my
family
or
?
?
?(31)?
?
?.
Then,
I
provided
a
staff
ticket
for
this
passenger.
I
passed
the
ticket
to
him
?
?
?(32)?
?
?his
knowing
what
I?d
done.
I
just
hoped
that
he
wouldn?t
?
?
?(33)?
?
?
any
of
his
father?s
last
words.
Later,
the
gate
staff
told
me
they
would
help
me
keep
the
?
?
?(34)?
?
?as
we
can
only
use
the
staff
tickets
for
people
we
know.
???
I
was
so
proud
that
day
?
?
?(35)?
?
?
I
did
something
meaningful
for
a
person
in
need.
21.
A.
forced
B.
allowed
C.
advised
D.
persuaded
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查动词辨析。句意：我问登机口工作人员怎么了，他们告诉我，这位乘客因为机票问题不能登机。A.强迫；B.允许；C.建议；D.说服。根据后文的“due
to
a
problem
of
his
ticket”可知，那位乘客因为他的机票有问题而不被允许(allowed)登机，故选B项。
22.
A.
read
B.
spelled
C.
understood
D.
remembered
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查动词辨析。句意：他票上的的姓氏被拼错了一个字母，但他之前忽略了。A.读；B.拼写；C.理解，明白；D.记得。根据“His
last
name
in
the
ticket
was
____22____
wrongly
by
a
letter”可知，那位乘客机票上的姓氏应该是被拼写(spelled)错了一个字母，故选B。
23.
A.
found
B.
recorded
C.
imagined
D.
ignored
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查动词辨析。句意同上。A.发现，找到；B.记录；C.想像，设想；D.忽略。根据语境可知，那位乘客票面上的姓氏有误，但他之前忽略了(ignored)，故选D项。
24.
A.
airport
B.
office
C.
school
D.
hospital
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查名词辨析。句意：那个人告诉我他父亲刚刚住院了，在他去世之前，他需要乘坐这趟飞机去见他。A.机场；B.办公室；C.学校；D.医院。根据后文的“if
he
wouldn?t
be
able
to
say
his
final
goodbye
to
his
dad”可知，那位乘客的父亲快要去世了，所以应该是在医院(hospital)里，故选D项。
25.
A.
gave
up
B.
came
back
C.
passed
away
D.
settled
down
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查动词辨析。句意同上。A.放弃；B.回来，恢复(知觉、记忆等)；C.消失，去世；D.定居，平静下来。根据前文“and
he
needed
to
take
this
flight
to
hopefully
see
him”可知，那位乘客希望乘这班飞机赶到医院，在他父亲临终(passed
away)前见一面，故选C项。
26.
A.
Instead
B.
However
C.
Otherwise
D.
Therefore
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查副词辨析。句意：然而，飞机十分钟后起飞，这对他来说是不可能的。A.代替；B.然而；C.否则；D.因此。根据语境可知，工作人员告诉该乘客重新买一张票，但是(However)飞机马上就要起飞，时间来不及了。前后是转折关系，故选B项。
27.
A.
regretful
B.
confused
C.
anxious
D.
hopeless
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查形容词辨析。句意：他告诉如果他不能跟父亲临终道别，我他会非常遗憾。A.遗憾的；B.困惑的；C.焦急的；D.绝望的。根据后文“if
he
wouldn?t
be
able
to
say
his
final
goodbye
to
his
dad”可知，如果不能跟父亲临终道别，那位乘客应该会非常遗憾(regretful)，故选A项。
28.
A.
lie
B.
truth
C.
joke
D.
story
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查名词辨析。句意：看到一个成年人伤心地哭泣，我确信他说的是实话。A.谎话；B.事实；C.笑话；D.故事。根据上文的“Seeing
a
grown
man
crying
sadly”可知，看到一个成年男人哭得那么伤心，作者确信他说的是事实(truth)，故选B项。
29.
A.
nothing
B.
anything
C.
something
D.
everything
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查不定代词辨析。句意：我考虑了一会儿，然后我想到了我能帮他的忙。A.无事；B.任何事物；C.某事；D.一切。根据语境可知，作者考虑了一会儿，想到了为帮助那位乘客他可以做的事情(something)，故选C项。
30.
A.
goal
B.
duty
C.
task
D.
right
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查名词辨析。句意：作为员工，我有权利——我可以通过在线系统给我的家人或朋友买票。A.目标；B.职责；C.任务；D.权利。根据后文“I
can
issue
tickets
through
an
online
system
to
my
family”可知，作为工作人员，作者有权(right)通过在线系统为一些人签发机票，故选D项。
31.
A.
pets
B.
friends
C.
customers
D.
passengers
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查名词辨析。句意同上。A.宠物；B.朋友；C.顾客；D.乘客。根据后文“we
can
only
use
the
staff
tickets
for
people
we
know”可知，工作人员只能为自己的家人和认识的朋友(friends)买票，故选B项。
32.
A.
for
B.
after
C.
since
D.
without
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查介词辨析。句意：我把票递给了他，并没有让他知道我做了什么。A.为了；B.在……以后；C.自从；D.没有。根据语境可知，作者并不期望回报，所以他只是将票递给那位乘客，没(without)让他知道作者为他所做的事，故选D项。
33.
A.
miss
B.
repeat
C.
forget
D.
mind
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查动词辨析。句意：我只是希望他不会错过他父亲的任何临终遗言。A.错过；B.重复；C.忘记；D.介意。根据语境可知，作者希望那位乘客不会错过(miss)他父亲的任何临终遗言，故选A项。
34.
A.
secret
B.
rule
C.
promise
D.
appointment
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查名词辨析。句意：后来，登机口工作人员告诉我他们会帮我保守秘密，因为只有我们认识的人才能用员工票。A.秘密；B.规则；C.承诺；D.约定。根据后文“as
we
can
only
use
the
staff
tickets
for
people
we
know”可知，工作人员只能为认识的人买票，所以严格来说作者的做法是违规的，但登机口工作人员表示会帮作者保守这个秘密(secret)，故选A项。
35.
A.
because
B.
before
C.
until
D.
unless
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查连词辨析。句意：我那天感到非常自豪，因为我为一个需要帮助的人做了一件有意义的事。A.因为；B.在……以前；C.直到；D.除非。根据语境可知，作者那天感到非常自豪，因为(because)他为需要帮助的人做了件有意义的事情，故选A项。
第二节
（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Life
on
Mars
Some
people
believe
humans
could
live
on
the
planet
Mars
by
the
year
2100.
Our
own
planet,
the
Earth,
is
becoming
more
and
more
crowded
and
polluted
because
of
the
rapid
increase
in
population.
?
(36)??(hopeful),
people
could
start
all
over
again
and
build
??(37)
??better
world
on
Mars.
Here
is
what
life
there
could
be
like.
At
present,
our
spacecraft
are
very
slow
--
it
would
take
?
(38)
??(month).
With
the
development
of
technology,
the
journey
might
only
take
about
20
minutes
by
2100
in
spacecraft
?(39)??travel
at
the
speed
of
light!
?
(40)
?,
the
spacecraft
would
travel
so
fast
that
the
journey
might
be
quite
?
(41)???(comfort).
Many
people
would
feel
ill.
Humans
cannot
survive
??(42)
??water,
oxygen
or
food.
Nobody
knows
??(43)
??there
would
be
enough
water
or
oxygen
on
Mars
for
people
there.
Gravity
could
be
another
problem.
The
gravity
on
Mars
?(44)
??(be)
only
about
three-eighths
of
that
on
the
Earth.
People
would
have
to
wear
boots
that
are
specially
designed
to
prevent
?(45)??from
floating
off
into
space.
Life
on
Mars
would
be
interesting
as
well
as
challenging.
36.【答案】Hopefully?
?
?
?
【解析】1.本题考查查副词。根据句意可知此处用hopeful的副词形式hopefully做状语。故填Hopefully.
37.【答案】a?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
【解析】本题考查冠词。句意：人们可以重新开始，在火星上建立一个更美好的世界。根据前句start
all
over
again可以推断出空处填冠词a表示泛指概念修饰better
world。故填a.
38.【答案】months?
?
?
?
?
【解析】本题考查名词复数。句意：得花上几个月的时间。month是可数名词，根据上文our
spacecraft
are
very
slow我们的飞船很慢，可以推断出空处用month的复数形式months。故填months.
39.【答案】that\which?
?
【解析】本题考查定语从句。spacecraft为先行词，指物做travel
at
the
speed
of
light的主语，引导定语从句用that\which。故填that\which.
40.【答案】However?
【解析】本题考查连词。联系上下文可知，此处表示转折关系表示语意转折。故填However.
41.【答案】uncomfortable?
?
【解析】本题考查形容词。根据上句the
spacecraft
would
travel
so
fast可以推断出旅行可能十分不舒服。故填uncomfortable.
42.【答案】without?
?
?
?
?
【解析】本题考查介词。句意：人类没有水、氧气和食物就无法生存。根据上句Humans
cannot
survive可以推断出空处填介词without。故填without.
43.【答案】whether\if?
?
?
【解析】本题考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：没有人知道火星上是否有足够的水或氧气供火星上的人们使用。根据上句Nobody
knows
可以推断出空处填whether\if表猜测。故填whether\if.
44.【答案】is?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
【解析】本题考查动词时态。句意：火星只有地球上火星的八分之三。根据句意可以推断火星只有地球上火星的八分之三是客观事实，所以用一般现在时，又因为主语是Mars故谓语用单数is形式。故填is.
45.【答案】themselves
【解析】本题考查反身代词。句意：人们将不得不穿上专门设计的靴子，以防止自己漂浮到太空中。句子的主语是People，人们穿靴子的目的是阻止他们自己漂浮到太空中。故填themselves.
第三部分
写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节
（满分15分）
请根据下列内容，用英文介绍霍金(Stephen
Hawking)。
(1)世界最著名的物理学家和宇宙学家之一；
(2)21岁患一种奇怪的病，但他没有失去信心，坚强地活了下来；
(3)他提出了黑洞和灰洞理论，并写了《时间简史》一书，此书被翻译成40种文字；
(4)2018年3月，霍金去世，享年76岁，世人因他在科学方面的成就而尊敬和纪念他。
注意：(1)词数：80左右；
(2)参考词汇：cosmologist宇宙学家；A
Brief
History
of
Time《时间简史》
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】?
?
Stephen
Hawking
is
one
of
the
most
famous
physicists
and
cosmologists.
①At
the
age
of
21,
Hawking
suffered
from
a
strange
disease,
but
he
never
lost
confidence
and
survived
strongly.
He
was
optimistic
about
life.
Hawking
came
up
with
the
theories
of
black
holes
and
grey
holes.
②He
wrote
a
book
named
A
Brief
History
of
Time,
which
has
been
translated
into
40
languages.
In
March,
2018,
Hawking
passed
away.
He
will
be
respected
and
remembered
by
the
people
in
the
world
for
his
great
achievements
in
science.
【解析】
【思路点拨】
这是一篇提纲作文，属于人物介绍。本文主要用一般现在时，一般过去时和第三人称来写作。注意把提示要点准确的表达出来，并适当发挥，使文章更充实。尽量多使用较高级的词汇和短语以及固定句式，注意英语的习惯表达，句子之间的连贯性，增强写作的规范性。?
【亮点词汇】
①suffer
from遭受；
②be
optimistic
about对……持乐观态度；
③come
up
with提出；
④pass
away过世。
【高分句型】
①At
the
age
of
21,
Hawking
suffered
from
a
strange
disease,
but
he
never
lost
confidence
and
survived
strongly.
句意：在21岁的时候，霍金患有一种奇怪的疾病，但他从未失去信心，并坚强地活了下来。语法点：由but连接的并列句，表示转折。
②He
wrote
a
book
named
A
Brief
History
of
Time,
which
has
been
translated
into
40
languages.
句意：他写了一本书，名为《时间简史》，已翻译成40种语言。
语法点：named过去分词做置定语；which引导的非限定性定语从句。
【结构布局】
①引言：首先介绍人物基本情况
②中心：介绍人物成就
③结尾：表明人们对他的怀念
第二节
（满分25分）
阅读下面的短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Parents
everywhere
praise
their
kids.
Jenn
Berman,
author
of
The
A
to
Z
Guide
to
Raising
Happy
and
Confident
Kids,
says,
“We?ve
gone
to
the
opposite
extreme
of
a
few
decades
ago
when
parents
tended
to
be
more
strict.”
By
giving
kids
a
lot
of
praise,
parents
think
they?re
building
their
children?s
confidence,
when,
in
fact,
it
may
be
just
the
opposite.
Too
much
praise
can
backfire
and,
when
given
in
a
way
that?s
insincere,
make
kids
afraid
to
try
new
things
or
take
a
risk
for
fear
of
not
being
able
to
stay
on
top
where
their
parents?
praise
has
put
them.
Still,
don?t
go
too
far
in
the
other
direction.
Not
giving
enough
praise
can
be
just
as
damaging
gas
giving
too
much.
Kids
will
feel
like
they?re
not
good
enough
or
that
you
don?t
care
and,
as
a
result,
may
see
no
point
in
trying
hard
for
their
accomplishments.
So
what
is
the
right
amount
of
praise?
Experts
say
that
the
quality
of
praise
is
more
important
than
the
quantity.
If
praise
is
sincere
and
focused
on
the
effort
not
the
outcome,
you
can
give
it
as
often
as
your
child
does
something
that
deserves
a
verbal
reward.
“We
should
especially
recognize
our
children?s
efforts
to
push
themselves
and
work
hard
to
achieve
a
goal，”
says
Donahue,
author
of
Parenting
Without
Fear:
Letting
Go
of
Worry
and
Focusing
on
What
Really
Matters.
“One
thing
to
remember
is
that
it?s
the
process
not
the
end
product
that
matters.”
Your
son
may
not
be
the
best
basketball
player
on
his
team.
But
if
he?s
out
there
every
day
and
playing
hard,
you
should
praise
his
effort
regardless
of
whether
his
team
wins
or
loses.
Praising
the
effort
and
not
the
outcome
can
also
mean
recognizing
your
child
when
she
has
worked
hard
to
clean
the
yard,
cook
dinner,
or
finish
a
book
report.
But
whatever
it
is,
praise
should
be
given
on
a
case-by-case
basis
and
be
proportionate
to
the
amount
of
effort
your
child
has
put
into
it.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Parents
tend
to
go
to
extremes
when
it
comes
to
praising
their
kids.
(要点1)
Yet,
both
too
much
and
too
little
praise
can
be
equally
damaging.
(要点2)
When
giving
praise,
parents
should
be
sincere
and
concentrate
on
the
process
instead
of
the
result.
(要点3)
Similarly,
they
ought
to
give
praise
for
how
much
effort
their
kids
have
invested
in
the
work
they?ve
involved
in.
(要点4)
【解析】略
