2021届高考二轮复习英语语法专题学案： 倒装 Word版含答案

倒装
一．概说
句子主语通常是在谓语之前，这种语序称为自然语序，也叫正常语序。若谓语动词在主语之前，这种语序称为倒装语序。谓语动词全部置于主语前的，叫完全倒装，只有一部分（通常是助动词，情态动词或be动词）置于主语前面的，叫部分倒装。如：
She is a nice girl.（正常语序）她是一个好女孩。 Is she a nice girl？（倒装语序）她是一个好女孩吗？
完全倒装
定义：主语和谓语完全颠倒过来叫完全倒装
句首
句型
例句
表示地点、时间、方位的副词
表示地点的副词+谓语+主语（地点副词：here, there, in, on, outside, opposite等，谓语如Be或不及物动词begin, come, go, lie, live, lay, seem, remain, stand等等）
Here comes the bus.
There remained only 10 dollars in his pocket.
Opposite stood an ancient oak tree.
表示时间的副词+谓语+主语（时间副词：then, now, soon, next, first, finally等，谓语如Be或不及物动词begin, come, go, lie, live, lay, seem, remain, stand等等）
表示方位的与介词同形的副词+谓语+主语（表方位的介词副词同形：in, out, up, down, away, off，ahead, back等，谓语如不及物动词come, go, fly, jump, rush, walk等）
In comes Mr. Smith.
Away ran the terrified boy.
表示地点、时间的介词短语
表示地点的介词短语+不及物动词+主语
Beyond the bushes lay the fields.
At the top of the hill stands the old church.
After the banquet came a firework display.
表示时间的介词短语+不及物动词+主语
谓语是及物动词或由“be+表语”构成时不用倒装句 At the top of the tower he could see the whole city.
谓语是及物动词的被动语态可用倒装句 In this unit will be found a satisfactory answer.
某些表语
表语（表示位置或地方的介词短语）+be+主语
Near the church was an old ruined cottage.
表语（形容词短语）+be+主语
First to arrive were their two cousins.
表语（过去分词）+be+主语
Seated on the ground are a group of young people.
表语（进行时态中的现在分词）+be+主语
Lying on the floor was a boy aged about 17.
用于so, nor, neither开头的句子，用于重复前面的内容。
肯定句+so +倒装结构（指另一人或物）
He has been to Beijing, So have I.
否定句+neither/nor+倒装结构（指另一人或物）
Li Wei can’t answer the question. Neither can I.
.用于there be结构之中
There lived a rich man near the river many years ago.
用于直接引语后点明说话人的句子。在直接引语后，常需要一个句子来点明该引语是谁说的或谁问的，如果该句子的主语是名词，通常要倒装，如果是代词，则不倒装
“He went there alone.” said Li Lei.
“Can you give me a hand?” he asked.
用于表示祝愿的句型里
Long live China! 中国万岁！
部分倒装
定义：只把某些功能词，助动词等置于句首叫部分倒装
情况
句式
含义
例句
用于三个表示强调的句型中
hardly/ barely /scarcely +倒装句（过去完成时）+when+陈述句语序（过去时）
含义为“一……就……”，“刚……就……”
Hardly/ Barely/ Scarcely had he arrived at the station when the train began to leave.
no sooner+倒装句（过去完成时）+than+陈述句语序（过去时）
No sooner had she gone out than the telephone rang.
not only+倒装句式+but (also)+陈述句语序
含义为“不但……而且……”
Not only did I know her, but I was her best friend.
not until+句子（陈述句语序）/时间状语+倒装句式
含义为“直到……才……”
Not until the teacher came did he finish his homework.
用于only开头的句子
only+状语+倒装句式 （若only接的不是状语，则不用倒装）
含义为“只有，仅仅“
Only when he told me did I realize what trouble he was in.
Only Wang Ling knows this.（此处only接的是主语）
某些否定词谓语句首时
hardly, scarcely, barely几乎不 Rarely, seldom很少
含有否定含义
Hardly did he know that the police were after him.
no, not, never,
Never shall I do this again.
nowhere
Nowhere could I find him.
little, less, no longer, least of all.
Little did he know who the woman was.
某些含有no的介词短语位于句首时
at no time, by no means, under/in no circumstances, in no way, in no case, on no account, on no consideration
“介词+no+名词”意为“决不”
In no way should I take the responsibility.我根本不需承担责任。
Under no circumstances could we agree to such a principle.
so, such位于句首时
so…+倒装结构+that+句子（陈述句语序）
含义为“如此……以至于”
So many questions did they ask me that I got confused.
such…+倒装结构+that+句子（陈述句语序）
Such a fierce dog did he have that we had to wait before we could get in.
当“so+形容词”或“such”为表语时，用完全倒装
So great was the destruction that it took them several years to recover.
Such was the force of the explosion that all the windows were broken.
用于省略if的虚拟条件状语从句
were/ Had/ Should+主语+其他 = If 主语+were/ had/ should
含义为“如果……”
Were he my friend, I would expect his help. = If he were my friend, I would expect his help.
were it not for（如果没有，现在、将来）=If it were not for
Were it not for their help, we would be in serious trouble.
=If it were not for their help, we would be in serious trouble.
had it not been for（如果当时没有，过去）= If it hadn’t been for
Had it not been for their support, we couldn’t have won the election.
=If it hadn’t been for their support, we couldn’t have won the election.
用于让步状语从句（让步用though, as）
形容词 though 系动词，助动词
名词（去掉冠词） + +主语 + 情态动词
动词，副词 as 谓语动词
含义为“虽然，由于”
Strange though it may seem, the tallest boy is the youngest.（表让步）
=Though it may seem strange, the tallest boy is the youngest.
Woman as she is, she is courageous. = As she is woman, she is courageous.（表让步）
用于as引导的方式状语从句
如果从句的主语较长或带有长的修饰语，可用倒装。主语是人称代词，则不倒装。
含义为“正如（方式）”
He traveled a great deal as did most of his friends.
用于than引导的比较状语从句
含义为“比……”
I spend less than do nine out of ten people in my position.
方式状语、频度状语等位于句首
如果不是十分强调，也可不用。
Gladly would I / I would gladly give my life to save the child!
Often does he warn us / he warns us not to touch the poisonous chemical.
用于the…the…结构的主句中
若此结构中主句的助于太长，也可用倒装
含义为“越……越……”
The more grain we produce, the greater will be our achievement.
=The more grain we produce, the greater our achievement will be.
用于几个特殊结构的让步状语从句
Be+主语+ever so+形容词
无论怎样……
Be it ever so humble, there is no place like home.无论家境再贫，家总是最好的。
Be+主语+A or B
无论是A或B
Be he friend or enemy, the law regards him as a criminal.无论他是敌是友，法律判定他是罪犯。
动词+wh词+主语+will/may
无论
Say what we will, he doesn’t want to change his mind.无论我们说什么，他都不会改变他的主意。
直接引语
当主语为名词，用倒装；当主语是代词，则一般不用。
“Let’s go,” said the man/ he said.
用于某些表示祝愿的句子
May+主语+动词原形
祝愿
May you succeed! 祝你成功！
★上述情况并非一定要用部分倒装，有些可用全倒，有些可不倒，请仔细阅读。
区别：so do I, so I do, I do so
①so do I表示所说的人或物的情况与上文说的另一人或物的情况相同，可用so it is with... 或It is the same with...代替，如：
My mother goes shopping every Sunday, so do I. 我妈妈每个星期天都去购物，我也是。
②So I do.表示对上文所说的情况的进一步肯定或确认，意为“确实，真的”
I can sing a lot of English songs, so I can. 我能唱许多英文歌曲，真的。
③I do so中的so指代前面刚提到过的同一动作或事情，如：She hoped that he would search the room carefully and he did so. 她希望他仔细检查房间，他这样做了。