考法2 无提示词
语篇出处：2020年全国卷Ⅲ 语篇类型：记叙文 主题语境：故事
In
ancient
China
lived
an
artist
1
paintings
were
almost
lifelike.
The
artist's
reputation
had
made
him
proud.
One
day
the
emperor
wanted
to
get
his
portrait
(画像)
done
so
he
called
all
great
artists
to
come
and
present
their
2
(fine)
work,
so
that
he
could
choose
the
best.
The
artist
was
sure
he
would
3
(choose),
but
when
he
presented
his
masterpiece
to
the
emperor's
chief
minister,
the
old
man
laughed.
The
wise
old
man
told
him
to
travel
to
the
Li
River—perhaps
he
could
learn
a
little
from
the
greatest
artist
in
the
world.
Filled
with
4
(curious),
the
artist
packed
his
bags
and
left.
5
he
asked
the
villagers
on
the
banks
of
the
river
where
he
could
find
the
legendary
(传奇的)
artist,
they
smiled
and
6
(point)
down
the
river.
The
next
morning
he
hired
a
boat
and
set
out
7
(find)
the
well?known
painter.
As
the
small
boat
moved
8
(gentle)
along
the
river
he
was
left
speechless
by
the
mountains
being
silently
reflected
in
the
water.
He
passed
milky
white
waterfalls
and
mountains
in
many
shades
of
blue.
And
when
he
saw
the
mists
rising
from
the
river
and
the
soft
clouds
9
(surround)
the
mountain
tops,
he
was
reduced
to
tears.
The
artist
was
finally
humbled
(谦卑)
by
the
greatest
artist
10
earth,
Mother
Nature.
整体时态是一般过去时。
无提示词时，考虑介词、冠词、并列连词、从属连词、定语从句引导词或名词性从句连接词。
1．分析句子结构，确定句子所缺成分。1题前面“In
ancient
China
lived
an
artist”为一个完整的句子，设空后的从句修饰前面的“artist”，因此可以判断，设空处应填定语从句的引导词，故填whose。
2．根据句子逻辑关系和语境。
5题“
5
he
asked
the
villagers
on
the
banks
of
the
river
where
he
could
find
the
legendary
(传奇的)
artist,
they
smiled
and
6
(point)
down
the
river.”句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。设空处引导一个时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”，且从句中asked为短暂性动词，不能用while引导，故应用when或as引导。句首单词首字母要大写。故填When/As。
3．根据句意和搭配。10题“The
artist
was
finally
humbled
(谦卑)
by
the
greatest
artist
10
earth,
Mother
Nature.”句意：这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然母亲所折服。结合句意可知，此处表示“在世界上”，短语为on
earth。故填on。
1．whose 2.finest 3.be
chosen 4.curiosity 5.When/As
6．pointed 7.to
find 8.gently 9.surrounding 10.on
1.First,
is
important
to
take
a
Chinese
course,
as
you'll
be
able
to
learn
from
the
teacher
and
practice
with
your
fellow
students.
答案：it 考查代词。此处用作形式主语，真正的主语是to
take
a
Chinese
course。
2．It's
a
Chinese
painting
“bamboo”，
I
specially
drew
for
you.
答案：which 考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作动词drew的宾语，先行词为物，故用which引导。
3．Cities
we
live
belong
to
us
all.
Let's
love
them
and
make
them
greener.
答案：where 考查定语从句的引导词。where引导定语从句，在从句中作地点状语。
4．What's
more,
there
was
a
time
I
was
crazy
about
English,
enabling
me
to
communicate
well
with
friends
both
at
home
and
abroad.
答案：when 考查定语从句的引导词。when引导定语从句，在从句中作时间状语。
5．I
like
the
book
cover
is
blue.
答案：whose 考查定语从句的引导词。whose引导定语从句，在从句中作定语。
6．August
is
the
time
of
the
year
for
rice
harvest,
every
day
I
work
from
dawn
until
dark.
答案：so 考查连词。句意：八月是每年稻谷收割的时节，因此，每天我从早干到晚。
7．Go
along
the
street,
you'll
find
the
shop.
答案：and 考查连词。“祈使句＋and＋简单句”，and连接两个并列分句，简单句中往往用一般将来时。
8．He
wants
to
buy
not
a
skirt
a
dress.
答案：but 考查连词。not
...
but
...
“不是……而是……”。
9．
it
was
a
little
cold,
we
felt
a
lump
of
warmth
in
our
hearts,
because
from
that
day
on
we
became
adults.
答案：Although/Though/While 考查状语从句的连接词。句意：尽管天气寒冷，但是我们心中荡漾着一股暖流，因为从那天起我们成人了。
10．He
rushed
out
of
the
classroom
I
could
stop
him.
答案：before 考查状语从句的连接词。句意：我还没有来得及阻拦他，他就冲出了教室。
11．
tea
set
is
made
up
of
a
teapot
and
some
teacups,
which
are
both
made
of
china.
答案：A 考查冠词。set是可数名词，表示泛指，用不定冠词，在句首用大写字母。
12．Tai
chi
is
not
only
ancient
martial
art,
but
has
also
been
widely
acknowledged
as
an
effective
health
exercise.
答案：an 考查冠词。句中art是抽象名词具体化，指代“一种艺术形式”，ancient发音以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an。
13．
protection
of
national
and
folk
culture
is
of
great
significance
to
Chinese
cultural
diversity.
答案：The 考查冠词。名词protection后面有of短语修饰，所以表示特指，用定冠词。
14．He
was
tired
the
city
life
and
hoped
to
move
to
the
country.
答案：of 考查介词。be
tired
of
“厌倦”。
15．The
West
Lake
is
famous
its
beautiful
scenery.
答案：for 考查介词。be
famous
for
“以……而著称”。
(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：中国新年的装饰寓意
Decorating
with
Plants,
Fruits
and
Flowers
for
Chinese
New
Year
Chinese
New
Year
is
a
1
(celebrate)
marking
the
end
of
the
winter
season
and
the
beginning
of
spring.
This
is
why
decorating
with
plants,
fruits
and
flowers
2
(carry)
special
significance.
They
represent
the
earth
3
(come)
back
to
life
and
best
wishes
for
new
beginnings.
These
are
some
of
the
most
popular
in
many
parts
of
the
country：
Oranges:
Orange
trees
are
more
4
decoration;
they
are
a
symbol
of
good
fortune
and
wealth.
They
make
great
gifts
and
you
see
them
many
times
5
(decorate)
with
red
envelopes
and
messages
of
good
fortune.
Bamboo:
Chinese
love
their
“Lucky
Bamboo”
plants
and
you
will
see
them
often
in
their
homes
and
offices.
6
(certain)
during
the
holiday
period,
this
plant
is
a
must.
Bamboo
plants
are
associated
7
health,
abundance
and
a
happy
home.
They
are
easy
8
(care)
for
and
make
great
presents.
Branches
of
Plum
Blossoms
(梅花):
The
9
(beauty)
long
branches
covered
with
pink?colored
buds
(蓓蕾)
make
fantastic
decorations.
The
plum
trees
are
10
first
to
flower
even
as
the
snow
is
melting
(融化).
They
represent
the
promise
of
spring
and
a
renewal
of
life.
1．
2.
3.
4.
5．
6.
7.
8.
9．
10.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了用一些植物、水果和鲜花装饰中国新年的寓意。
1．celebration 考查词性转换。不定冠词a后接名词形式。故填celebration。
2．carries 考查主谓一致。根据句子结构可知，此处是一个表语从句，从句主语为动名词短语，所以谓语动词用单数形式。故填carries。
3．coming 考查非谓语动词。句意：它们代表着大地的复苏和对新的开始的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent，所以这里为非谓语动词。名词earth与come
back
to之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填coming。
4．than 考查固定短语。句意：橘子树不仅仅是装饰品。more
than
“不仅仅，不只是”为固定短语。故填than。
5．decorated 考查非谓语动词。句中them指代前句中的orange
trees，与decorate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。
6．Certainly 考查词性转换。此处需用副词修饰整个句子。故填Certainly。
7．with 考查介词。句意：竹类植物与健康、富足和家庭幸福联系在一起。be
associated
with
“与……相联系”。故填with。
8．to
care 考查非谓语动词。句意：它们很容易照顾，也很适合作为礼物。这里为“be
＋形容词
＋
to
do”结构。故填to
care。
9．beautiful 考查词性转换。修饰名词branches，用形容词形式。故填beautiful。
10．the 考查冠词。序数词first前要加定冠词the。故填the。二、语法填空
考情分析
考法1 有提示词
语篇出处：2020年全国卷Ⅰ 语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：中国无人月球探测器嫦娥四号
China
has
become
the
first
country
to
land
a
spacecraft
on
the
far
side
of
the
moon.
The
unmanned
Chang'e?4
probe
(探测器)—the
name
was
inspired
by
an
ancient
Chinese
moon
goddess—
1
(touch)
down
last
week
in
the
South
Pole?Aitken
basin.
Landing
on
the
moon's
far
side
is
2
(extreme)
challenging.
Because
the
moon's
body
blocks
direct
radio
communication
with
a
probe,
China
first
had
to
put
a
satellite
in
orbit
above
the
moon
in
a
spot
3
it
could
send
signals
to
the
spacecraft
and
to
Earth.
The
far
side
of
the
moon
is
of
particular
4
(interesting)
to
scientists
because
it
has
a
lot
of
deep
craters
(环形山),
more
so
5
the
familiar
near
side.
Chinese
researchers
hope
to
use
the
instruments
onboard
Chang'e?4
6
(find)
and
study
areas
of
the
South
Pole?Aitken
basin.
“This
really
excites
scientists，”
Carle
Pieters,
a
scientist
at
Brown
University,
says,
“because
it
7
(mean)
we
have
the
chance
to
obtain
information
about
how
the
moon
8
(construct)．”
Data
about
the
moon's
composition,
such
as
how
9
ice
and
other
treasures
it
contains,
could
help
China
decide
whether
10
(it)
plans
for
a
future
lunar
(月球的)
base
are
practical.
整体时态是一般现在时。
1题：提示词是动词，考虑谓语、非谓语、词性转换或时态。The
unmanned
Chang'e－4
probe
(探测器)
为句子的主语，
the
name
was
inspired
by
an
ancient
Chinese
moon
goddess作同位语，应考虑设空处作谓语，时间状语是last
week。
2题：提示词是形容词，考虑词性转换或者改为比较级。challenging是形容词，修饰形容词应用副词形式。
3题：无提示词，考虑介词、冠词、连词等。China
first
had
to
put
a
satellite
in
orbit
above
the
moon
in
a
spot
是主句，
it
could
send
signals
to
the
spacecraft
and
to
Earth应该是从句，先行词是a
spot，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，考查定语从句。
4题：提示词是形容词，考虑词性转换或者改为比较级。设空处和前面的of
particular一起作表语，应考虑词性转换，用名词形式。
5题：无提示词，考虑介词、冠词、连词等。设空前是比较级more
so，设空后是名词，因此此处需要填than。
6题：提示词是动词，句子的谓语是hope，宾语是the
instruments
onboard
Chang'e－4，此处用不定式作目的状语。
7题：提示词是动词，主语是it，考虑主谓一致，全文使用一般现在时。
8题：提示词是动词，此处是宾语从句中的谓语动词，谓语construct与主语the
moon之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时，主语the
moon是单数。
9题：无提示词，设空后是名词ice
and
other
treasures，设空前是疑问副词how，可考虑和how一起构成组合词，修饰名词。
10题：提示词是代词。设空后是名词plans，应使用形容词性物主代词。
1．touched 2.extremely 3.where 4.interest 5.than
6．to
find 7.means 8.is
constructed 9.much 10.its
类型一 提示词为动词
1.
(be)
careful
whenever
you
are
crossing
the
road.
答案：Be 考查祈使句。祈使句用动词原形，在句子开头第一个字母大写。
2．As
a
saying
(go),
“Practice
makes
perfect.”
And
I
think
it
is
the
case.
答案：goes 考查动词的时态。句意：俗话说，“熟能生巧。”我认为这是对的。此处在陈述一般事实，用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，故用goes。
3．He
hurried
to
the
bookstore
and
(tell)
that
all
the
books
he
wanted
had
been
sold
out.
答案：was
told 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：他匆忙赶到书店，被告知他需要的书已经卖完了。由and可知，设空处与hurried并列，用一般过去时；he与tell之间为被动关系，故用was
told。
4．It
(be)
easy
to
plan
a
surprise
party
when
one's
birthday
comes.
答案：is 考查主谓一致。主语是第三人称单数it，句子用的是一般现在时，故填is。
5．If
I
(get)
the
book
you
are
interested
in,
I
would
give
it
to
you.
答案：got 考查虚拟语气。由主句中的“would
give”可知，从句应该用一般过去时表示对现在情况的虚拟。
6．I
was
watching
the
clock
all
through
the
meeting,
as
I
had
a
train
(catch)．
答案：to
catch 考查非谓语动词。此处表示将要发生的动作，所以用动词不定式作后置定语。
7．Fast
food
is
full
of
fat
and
salt;
by
(eat)
more
fast
food
people
will
get
more
salt
and
fat
than
they
need
in
their
diet.
答案：eating 考查非谓语动词。介词后用动词?ing形式作宾语。
8．This
is
one
of
the
most
famous
poems
(write)
by
Li
Bai,
in
which
the
story
described
friendship.
答案：written 考查非谓语动词。句子的谓语是前面的is，poems与write之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。
9．Last
week,
we
had
an
unforgettable
experience,
which
left
me
a
deep
(impress)．
答案：impression 考查词性转换。在冠词a后应该用名词，形容词deep用来修饰该名词。
10．Soccer
is
a
universal
language
that
we
speak
with
(differ)
accents.
答案：different 考查词性转换。修饰名词accents用形容词形式。
类型二 提示词为名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词
1.As
we
all
know,
the
four
(treasure)
of
the
study
are
writing
brush,
ink,
paper
and
ink
stone,
which
are
essential
to
learn
Chinese
calligraphy.
答案：treasures 考查名词。treasure是可数名词，前面有four修饰，故用其复数形式。
2．Chinese
calligraphy
is
a
fine
art
of
the
excellent
(tradition)
cultures
in
China.
答案：traditional 考查词性转换。设空处前面有定冠词the，空格后是名词cultures，用形容词修饰名词。
3．What
you
do
is
to
find
a
nearest
mobike
through
the
APP,
scan
the
QR
code
on
the
bike,
and
enjoy
(you)
trip.
答案：your 考查代词。修饰名词trip，用形容词性物主代词。
4．I
made
the
Chinese
knots
(I)
with
red
silk
threads,
cloth
and
other
materials.
答案：myself 考查代词。句意：这些中国结是我亲自做的。myself用作主语I的同位语。
5．In
his
(twenty),
he
went
to
another
city
to
search
for
a
better
life.
答案：twenties 考查数词。in
one's
twenties
“在某人20多岁的时候”。
6．I've
read
the
six
books
borrowed
from
the
library,
and
I
find
the
(five)
one
is
the
most
interesting.
答案：fifth 考查数词。句意：我从图书馆借了六本书，发现第五本是最有趣的。这里表示“第五”，故用序数词。
7．Besides,
it
should
be
a
good
idea
to
learn
and
sing
Chinese
songs,
because
by
doing
so
you'll
learn
and
remember
Chinese
characters
more
(easy)．
答案：easily 考查副词。修饰动词用副词形式。
8．The
more
they
know
about
the
importance
of
culture
protection,
the
(strong)
support
we
can
get
from
the
public.
答案：stronger 考查形容词。the
more
...
the
more
...
结构，意为“越……越……”。
9．My
favorite
festival
is
the
Mid?Autumn
Festival.
It
(usual)
comes
in
September
or
October.
答案：usually 考查副词。修饰动词用副词形式。
10．They
had
thought
that
they
would
arrive
there
on
time.
(fortunately),
they
met
an
accident.
答案：Unfortunately 考查副词。句意：他们本来认为可以按时到达那里，不幸的是，他们遇到了事故。根据句意可知，应用该副词的反义词形式。
